Carbon Tetrachloride
- Formula: CCl4
- Molecular weight: 153.823
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 56-23-5
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript. - Other names: Methane, tetrachloro-; Benzinoform; Carbon chloride (CCl4); Carbona; Fasciolin; Flukoids; Freon 10; Necatorina; Perchloromethane; Tetrachlorocarbon; Tetrachloromethane; Tetrafinol; Tetraform; Tetrasol; Univerm; Vermoestricid; CCl4; Benzenoform; Carbon tet; Methane tetrachloride; Czterochlorek wegla; ENT 4,705; Halon 1040; Necatorine; R 10; Tetrachloorkoolstof; Tetrachloormetaan; Tetrachlorkohlenstoff, tetra; Tetrachlormethan; Tetrachlorure de carbone; Tetraclorometano; Tetracloruro di carbonio; Chlorid uhlicity; ENT 27164; Rcra waste number U211; UN 1846; Katharin; Seretin; Thawpit; NSC 97063; R 10 (Refrigerant)
- Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
- Information on this page:
- Other data available:
- Data at other public NIST sites:
- Options:
Data at NIST subscription sites:
- NIST / TRC Web Thermo Tables, "lite" edition (thermophysical and thermochemical data)
- NIST / TRC Web Thermo Tables, professional edition (thermophysical and thermochemical data)
NIST subscription sites provide data under the NIST Standard Reference Data Program, but require an annual fee to access. The purpose of the fee is to recover costs associated with the development of data collections included in such sites. Your institution may already be a subscriber. Follow the links above to find out more about the data in these sites and their terms of usage.
Gas phase thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔfH°gas | -25. ± 5. | kcal/mol | AVG | N/A | Average of 6 values; Individual data points |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
S°gas,1 bar | 74.008 | cal/mol*K | Review | Chase, 1998 | Data last reviewed in December, 1968 |
Gas Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)
Cp° = A + B*t + C*t2 + D*t3 +
E/t2
H° − H°298.15= A*t + B*t2/2 +
C*t3/3 + D*t4/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t2/2 + D*t3/3 −
E/(2*t2) + G
Cp = heat capacity (cal/mol*K)
H° = standard enthalpy (kcal/mol)
S° = standard entropy (cal/mol*K)
t = temperature (K) / 1000.
View plot Requires a JavaScript / HTML 5 canvas capable browser.
Temperature (K) | 298. to 6000. |
---|---|
A | 24.64469 |
B | 1.001110 |
C | -0.269234 |
D | 0.022867 |
E | -0.458801 |
F | -31.86800 |
G | 100.9640 |
H | -22.94000 |
Reference | Chase, 1998 |
Comment | Data last reviewed in December, 1968 |
Condensed phase thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔfH°liquid | -30.62 ± 0.60 | kcal/mol | Review | Manion, 2002 | adopted combustion calorimetry data of Hu and Sinke, 1969 with increased uncertainty to reflect other data; DRB |
ΔfH°liquid | -30.69 | kcal/mol | Ccr | Hu and Sinke, 1969, 2 | ALS |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔcH°liquid | -86.02 | kcal/mol | Ccr | Hu and Sinke, 1969, 2 | ALS |
ΔcH°liquid | -87.4 ± 2.0 | kcal/mol | Ccb | Smith, Bjellerup, et al., 1953 | Reanalyzed by Cox and Pilcher, 1970, Original value = -87. ± 3. kcal/mol; ALS |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
S°liquid | 51.240 | cal/mol*K | N/A | Hicks, Hooley, et al., 1944 | DH |
S°liquid | 49.09 | cal/mol*K | N/A | Latimer, 1922 | DH |
S°liquid | 52.39 | cal/mol*K | N/A | Stull, 1937 | Extrapolation below 91 K; 74.31 J/mol*K.; DH |
Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid
Cp,liquid (cal/mol*K) | Temperature (K) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
31.38 | 298.15 | Shehatta, 1993 | DH |
31.871 | 298.15 | Lainez, Rodrigo, et al., 1989 | DH |
31.79 | 298.15 | Petrov, Peshekhodov, et al., 1989 | T = 258.15, 278.15, 298.15, 318.15 K.; DH |
31.76 | 298.15 | Nkinamubanzi, Charlet, et al., 1985 | DH |
31.391 | 298.15 | Tanaka, 1982 | T = 293.15, 298.15, 303.15 K. Data at three temperatures.; DH |
31.02 | 293.15 | Atalla, El-Sharkawy, et al., 1981 | DH |
31.45 | 298.15 | Grolier, Hamedi, et al., 1979 | DH |
31.405 | 298.15 | Vesely, Zabransky, et al., 1979 | DH |
31.396 | 298.15 | Wilhelm, Faradjzadeh, et al., 1979 | DH |
31.446 | 298.15 | Grolier, Wilhelm, et al., 1978 | DH |
31.405 | 298.15 | Vesely, Svoboda, et al., 1977 | T = 298 to 318 K.; DH |
31.396 | 298.15 | Fortier, Benson, et al., 1976 | DH |
31.4056 | 298.15 | Fortier and Benson, 1976 | DH |
31.52 | 298.15 | Grolier, Benson, et al., 1975 | DH |
31.467 | 293.15 | Wilhelm, Zettler, et al., 1974 | T = 273 to 323 K.; DH |
31.26 | 298.15 | Subrahmanyam and Rajagopal, 1973 | T = 298 to 323 K.; DH |
31.50 | 256.10 | Arentsen and Van Miltenburg, 1972 | T = 243 to 256 K. Value is unsmoothed experimental datum.; DH |
31.31 | 298. | Deshpande and Bhatagadde, 1971 | T = 298 to 318 K.; DH |
31.43 | 293. | Rastorguev and Ganiev, 1967 | T = 293 to 333 K.; DH |
31.29 | 300. | Harrison and Moelwyn-Hughes, 1957 | T = 243 to 303 K.; DH |
31.19 | 303.3 | Harrison and Moelwyn-Hughes, 1957 | T = 254 to 303 K. Unsmoothed experimental datum.; DH |
31.690 | 298. | Staveley, Tupman, et al., 1955 | T = 295 to 339 K.; DH |
30.78 | 298. | Kurbatov, 1948 | T = -20 to 72°C. Mean Cp, four temperatures.; DH |
31.470 | 298.15 | Hicks, Hooley, et al., 1944 | T = 15 to 300 K.; DH |
31.60 | 298.1 | Zhdanov, 1941 | T = 5 to 46°C.; DH |
31.81 | 301.2 | Phillip, 1939 | DH |
31.699 | 298.1 | Stull, 1937 | T = 90 to 320 K.; DH |
31.81 | 298. | Vold, 1937 | DH |
31.79 | 298. | Vold, 1937 | Cp given as 0.2066 cal/g*K.; DH |
30.21 | 288.3 | Kolosovskii and Udovenko, 1934 | DH |
30.21 | 288.3 | de Kolossowsky and Udowenko, 1933 | DH |
31.19 | 298.1 | Richards and Wallace, 1932 | T = 293 to 323 K.; DH |
30.59 | 293.2 | Williams and Daniels, 1925 | T = 20 to 50°C.; DH |
30.81 | 303. | Willams and Daniels, 1924 | T = 303 to 330 K. Equation only.; DH |
32.00 | 290. | Latimer, 1922 | T = 39.1 to 290 K.; DH |
Constant pressure heat capacity of solid
Cp,solid (cal/mol*K) | Temperature (K) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
10.57 | 46. | Atake and Chihara, 1971 | T = 3 to 46 K.; DH |
Phase change data
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
CAL - James S. Chickos, William E. Acree, Jr., Joel F. Liebman, Students of Chem 202 (Introduction to the Literature of Chemistry), University of Missouri -- St. Louis
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tboil | 349.8 ± 0.3 | K | AVG | N/A | Average of 82 out of 89 values; Individual data points |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Tfus | 250.3 ± 0.3 | K | AVG | N/A | Average of 31 out of 37 values; Individual data points |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Ttriple | 249. ± 3. | K | AVG | N/A | Average of 7 values; Individual data points |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Tc | 556.36 | K | N/A | Altunin, Geller, et al., 1987 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.2 K; TRC |
Tc | 556.4 | K | N/A | Majer and Svoboda, 1985 | |
Tc | 556.3 | K | N/A | Campbell and Chatterjee, 1969 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.2 K; TRC |
Tc | 558.35 | K | N/A | Livingston, Morgan, et al., 1908 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 5. K; calculation based on extrap. of density and surface tension; TRC |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Pc | 44.34 | atm | N/A | Altunin, Geller, et al., 1987 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.49 atm; TRC |
Pc | 44.980 | atm | N/A | Campbell and Chatterjee, 1969 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.09998 atm; TRC |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ρc | 3.62 | mol/l | N/A | Campbell and Chatterjee, 1969 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.02 mol/l; TRC |
ρc | 3.625 | mol/l | N/A | Kordes, 1954 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.02 mol/l; TRC |
ρc | 3.625 | mol/l | N/A | Lewis, 1953 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.03 mol/l; TRC |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔvapH° | 7.7 ± 0.4 | kcal/mol | AVG | N/A | Average of 7 values; Individual data points |
Enthalpy of vaporization
ΔvapH (kcal/mol) | Temperature (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
7.127 | 349.9 | N/A | Majer and Svoboda, 1985 | |
7.27 | 364. | A | Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987 | Based on data from 349. to 416. K.; AC |
6.98 | 427. | A | Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987 | Based on data from 412. to 497. K.; AC |
7.31 | 509. | A | Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987 | Based on data from 494. to 555. K.; AC |
8.05 | 277. | A,EB | Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987 | Based on data from 262. to 349. K. See also Boublík and Aim, 1972.; AC |
7.72 | 308. | N/A | Hildenbrand and McDonald, 1959 | Based on data from 293. to 351. K.; AC |
7.58 | 325. | N/A | Barker, Brown, et al., 1953 | Based on data from 313. to 338. K.; AC |
Enthalpy of vaporization
ΔvapH =
A exp(-βTr) (1 − Tr)β
ΔvapH =
Enthalpy of vaporization (at saturation pressure)
(kcal/mol)
Tr = reduced temperature (T / Tc)
View plot Requires a JavaScript / HTML 5 canvas capable browser.
Temperature (K) | A (kcal/mol) | β | Tc (K) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
298. to 358. | 10.96 | 0.2656 | 556.4 | Majer and Svoboda, 1985 |
Antoine Equation Parameters
log10(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
P = vapor pressure (atm)
T = temperature (K)
View plot Requires a JavaScript / HTML 5 canvas capable browser.
Temperature (K) | A | B | C | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
293.03 to 350.86 | 4.01720 | 1221.781 | -45.739 | Hildenbrand and McDonald, 1959, 2 | Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data. |
Enthalpy of sublimation
ΔsubH (kcal/mol) | Temperature (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
9.06 | 227. to 248. | N/A | Goto, Fujinawa, et al., 1996 | AC |
10.3 | 226. | B | Bondi, 1963 | AC |
9.27 | 217. | N/A | Jones, 1960 | Based on data from 209. to 225. K. See also Goto, Fujinawa, et al., 1996.; AC |
Enthalpy of fusion
ΔfusH (kcal/mol) | Temperature (K) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
0.643 | 249. | Domalski and Hearing, 1996 | AC |
Entropy of fusion
ΔfusS (cal/mol*K) | Temperature (K) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
4.897 | 224.6 | Domalski and Hearing, 1996 | CAL |
2.586 | 249. | ||
4.85 | 225.4 | ||
2.41 | 250.3 | ||
4.90 | 225.7 | ||
2.44 | 250.5 |
Enthalpy of phase transition
ΔHtrs (kcal/mol) | Temperature (K) | Initial Phase | Final Phase | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1.107 | 225.7 | crystaline, II | crystaline, I | Morrison and Richards, 1976 | DH |
0.6123 | 250.53 | crystaline, I | liquid | Morrison and Richards, 1976 | DH |
0.4417 | 245.70 | crystaline, II | liquid | Arentsen and Van Miltenburg, 1972 | DH |
0.6185 | 250.28 | crystaline, I | liquid | Arentsen and Van Miltenburg, 1972 | Stable phase.; DH |
1.095 | 225.35 | crystaline, II | crystaline, I | Chang and Westrum, 1970 | DH |
0.6011 | 250.3 | crystaline, I | liquid | Chang and Westrum, 1970 | DH |
1.095 | 225.35 | crystaline, II | crystaline, I | Hicks, Hooley, et al., 1944 | DH |
0.6011 | 250.3 | crystaline, I | liquid | Hicks, Hooley, et al., 1944 | DH |
1.099 | 224.6 | crystaline, II | crystaline, I | Latimer, 1922 | DH |
0.6439 | 249. | crystaline, I | liquid | Latimer, 1922 | DH |
1.100 | 225.63 | crystaline, II | crystaline, I | Stull, 1937 | DH |
0.5810 | 250.37 | crystaline, I | liquid | Stull, 1937 | DH |
Entropy of phase transition
ΔStrs (cal/mol*K) | Temperature (K) | Initial Phase | Final Phase | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
4.904 | 225.7 | crystaline, II | crystaline, I | Morrison and Richards, 1976 | DH |
2.4441 | 250.53 | crystaline, I | liquid | Morrison and Richards, 1976 | DH |
1.80 | 245.70 | crystaline, II | liquid | Arentsen and Van Miltenburg, 1972 | DH |
2.443 | 250.28 | crystaline, I | liquid | Arentsen and Van Miltenburg, 1972 | Stable; DH |
4.859 | 225.35 | crystaline, II | crystaline, I | Chang and Westrum, 1970 | DH |
2.400 | 250.3 | crystaline, I | liquid | Chang and Westrum, 1970 | DH |
4.859 | 225.35 | crystaline, II | crystaline, I | Hicks, Hooley, et al., 1944 | DH |
2.402 | 250.3 | crystaline, I | liquid | Hicks, Hooley, et al., 1944 | DH |
4.90 | 224.6 | crystaline, II | crystaline, I | Latimer, 1922 | DH |
2.58 | 249. | crystaline, I | liquid | Latimer, 1922 | DH |
6.310 | 225.63 | crystaline, II | crystaline, I | Stull, 1937 | DH |
2.32 | 250.37 | crystaline, I | liquid | Stull, 1937 | DH |
IR Spectrum
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compiled by: Coblentz Society, Inc.
- GAS (100 mmHg, N2 ADDED, TOTAL PRESSURE 600 mmHg); DOW KBr FOREPRISM-GRATING; DIGITIZED BY COBLENTZ SOCIETY (BATCH II) FROM HARD COPY; 2 cm-1 resolution
- GAS (ABOUT 100 mmHg DILUTED WITH NITROGEN); DOW KBr FOREPRISM; DIGITIZED BY NIST FROM HARD COPY (FROM TWO SEGMENTS); 4 cm-1 resolution
- LIQUID (NEAT); DOW KBr FOREPRISM-GRATING; DIGITIZED BY COBLENTZ SOCIETY (BATCH I) FROM HARD COPY; 2 cm-1 resolution
- SOLUTION (1% CS2); BECKMAN IR-9 (GRATING); DIGITIZED BY NIST FROM HARD COPY (FROM TWO SEGMENTS); 2 cm-1 resolution
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Data compiled by: Pamela M. Chu, Franklin R. Guenther, George C. Rhoderick, and Walter J. Lafferty
- gas; IFS66V (Bruker); 3-Term B-H Apodization
0.1250, 0.2410, 0.4820, 0.9640, 1.9290 cm-1 resolution - gas; IFS66V (Bruker); Boxcar Apodization
0.1250, 0.2410, 0.4820, 0.9640, 1.9290 cm-1 resolution - gas; IFS66V (Bruker); Happ Genzel Apodization
0.1250, 0.2410, 0.4820, 0.9640, 1.9290 cm-1 resolution - gas; IFS66V (Bruker); NB Strong Apodization
0.1250, 0.2410, 0.4820, 0.9640, 1.9290 cm-1 resolution - gas; IFS66V (Bruker); Triangular Apodization
0.1250, 0.2410, 0.4820, 0.9640, 1.9290 cm-1 resolution
Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, IR Spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Spectrum
Notice: This spectrum may be better viewed with a Javascript and HTML 5 enabled browser.
Additional Data
View image of digitized spectrum (can be printed in landscape orientation).
Due to licensing restrictions, this spectrum cannot be downloaded.
Owner | NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved. |
---|---|
Origin | NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, 1998. |
NIST MS number | 291258 |
Gas Chromatography
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal
Column type | Active phase | Temperature (C) | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Packed | C78, Branched paraffin | 130. | 680.5 | Dallos, Sisak, et al., 2000 | He; Column length: 3.3 m |
Capillary | DB-1 | 60. | 660. | Dewulf, Van Langenhove, et al., 1997 | 30. m/0.53 mm/5.0 μm, He |
Packed | C78, Branched paraffin | 130. | 680.7 | Reddy, Dutoit, et al., 1992 | Chromosorb G HP; Column length: 3.3 m |
Packed | Apolane | 130. | 680. | Dutoit, 1991 | Column length: 3.7 m |
Packed | OV-1 | 100. | 667. | Castello and Gerbino, 1988 | He, Chromosorb W DMCS; Column length: 3. m |
Packed | OV-1 | 125. | 673. | Castello and Gerbino, 1988 | He, Chromosorb W DMCS; Column length: 3. m |
Packed | OV-1 | 75. | 662. | Castello and Gerbino, 1988 | He, Chromosorb W DMCS; Column length: 3. m |
Packed | Squalane | 80. | 648. | Pacáková, Vojtechová, et al., 1988 | N2, Chezasorb AW-HMDS; Column length: 1.2 m |
Packed | SE-30 | 150. | 680. | Tiess, 1984 | Ar, Gas Chrom Q (80-100 mesh); Column length: 3. m |
Packed | SE-30 | 100. | 672. | Winskowski, 1983 | Gaschrom Q; Column length: 2. m |
Packed | Porapack Q | 200. | 628. | Goebel, 1982 | N2 |
Packed | Apolane | 70. | 663.1 | Riedo, Fritz, et al., 1976 | He, Chromosorb; Column length: 2.4 m |
Packed | Squalane | 50. | 647. | Vernon, 1971 | N2 |
Packed | Apiezon L | 100. | 679. | Brown, Chapman, et al., 1968 | N2, DCMS-treated Chromosorb W; Column length: 2.3 m |
Packed | DC-200 | 100. | 669. | Rohrschneider, 1966 | Column length: 4. m |
Packed | Squalane | 100. | 656. | Rohrschneider, 1966 | Column length: 5. m |
Packed | Apiezon L | 100. | 682. | Rohrschneider, 1966 | Column length: 5. m |
Packed | Apiezon L | 130. | 691. | von Kováts, 1958 | Celite (40:60 Gewichtsverhaltnis) |
Packed | Apiezon L | 70. | 671. | von Kováts, 1958 | Celite (40:60 Gewichtsverhaltnis) |
Kovats' RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | CBP-1 | 657. | Shimadzu, 2003 | 25. m/0.2 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 200. C |
Kovats' RI, polar column, isothermal
Column type | Active phase | Temperature (C) | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Packed | SP-1000 | 100. | 900.66 | Castello and Gerbino, 1988 | He, Chromosorb W DMCS; Column length: 3. m |
Packed | SP-1000 | 125. | 902.2 | Castello and Gerbino, 1988 | He, Chromosorb W DMCS; Column length: 3. m |
Packed | SP-1000 | 75. | 886.54 | Castello and Gerbino, 1988 | He, Chromosorb W DMCS; Column length: 3. m |
Packed | Carbowax 20M | 75. | 888. | Goebel, 1982 | N2, Kieselgur (60-100 mesh); Column length: 2. m |
Packed | Carbowax 20M | 100. | 895. | Rohrschneider, 1966 | Column length: 2. m |
Kovats' RI, polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | CBP-20 | 868. | Shimadzu, 2003 | 25. m/0.2 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 200. C |
Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | DB-1 | 645.7 | Helmig, Pollock, et al., 1996 | 30. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, 6. K/min; Tstart: -50. C; Tend: 180. C |
Capillary | DB-5 | 661. | Helmig, Pollock, et al., 1996 | 60. m/0.33 mm/0.25 μm, 6. K/min; Tstart: -50. C; Tend: 180. C |
Capillary | SE-54 | 663. | Weber, 1986 | 25. m/0.31 mm/0.17 μm, H2, 2. K/min; Tstart: 35. C |
Capillary | OV-1 | 652. | Schreyen, Dirinck, et al., 1976 | 1. K/min; Column length: 183. m; Column diameter: 0.762 mm; Tstart: 0. C; Tend: 230. C |
Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, custom temperature program
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | Supelcowax-10 | 879. | Bianchi, Careri, et al., 2007 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(8min) => 4C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 200C(1min) |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, isothermal
Column type | Active phase | Temperature (C) | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | DB-1 | 60. | 661. | Shimadzu, 2003, 2 | 60. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He |
Packed | Synachrom | 150. | 611. | Dufka, Malinsky, et al., 1971 | Helium, Synachrom (60-80 mesh); Column length: 1.5 m |
Packed | Synachrom | 150. | 618. | Dufka, Malinsky, et al., 1971 | Helium, Synachrom (60-80 mesh); Column length: 1.5 m |
Packed | Squalane | 100. | 651. | Vernon, 1971 | N2 |
Packed | DC-400 | 150. | 675. | Anderson, 1968 | Helium, Gas-Pak (60-80 mesh); Column length: 3.0 m |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Packed | SE-30 | 659. | MHA, 9999 | Nitrogen, Chromosorb G AW DMCS (80-100 mesh); Column length: 2. m; Tstart: 100. C; Tend: 300. C |
Capillary | HP-5 | 656. | Isidorov and Jdanova, 2002 | 3. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 200. C |
Capillary | BP-1 | 663. | Health Safety Executive, 2000 | 50. m/0.22 mm/0.75 μm, He, 5. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 200. C |
Capillary | SE-54 | 661. | Huang, Liang, et al., 1996 | 36. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 5. K/min; Tstart: 35. C; Tend: 240. C |
Capillary | DB-1 | 654. | Ciccioli, Cecinato, et al., 1992 | 60. m/0.32 mm/1.2 μm, He, 30. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 240. C |
Capillary | OV-101 | 645. | Misharina, Golovnya, et al., 1991 | 50. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 4. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 250. C |
Capillary | DB-1 | 645. | Habu, Flath, et al., 1985 | 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Tstart: 0. C; Tend: 250. C |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 658. | Zenkevich, 2001 | Program: not specified |
Capillary | SPB-1 | 661. | Flanagan, Streete, et al., 1997 | 60. m/0.53 mm/5. μm, He; Program: 40C(6min) => 5C/min => 80C => 10C/min => 200C |
Capillary | DB-5 | 664. | Sorimachi, Tanabe, et al., 1995 | He; Column length: 30. m; Program: not specified |
Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 658. | Zenkevich, Korolenko, et al., 1995 | Program: not specified |
Capillary | DB-1 | 645. | Ciccioli, Cecinato, et al., 1994 | 60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: not specified |
Capillary | DB-1 | 645. | Ciccioli, Brancaleoni, et al., 1993 | 60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 3 min at 5 C; 5 - 50 C at 3 deg/min; 50 - 220 C at 5 deg/min |
Capillary | SPB-1 | 661. | Strete, Ruprah, et al., 1992 | 60. m/0.53 mm/5.0 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (6 min) 5 0C/min -> 80 0C 10 0C/min -> 200 0C |
Capillary | SPB-1 | 659. | Strete, Ruprah, et al., 1992 | 60. m/0.53 mm/5.0 μm, Helium; Program: not specified |
Capillary | CP Sil 8 CB | 664. | Weller and Wolf, 1989 | 40. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 30 0C (1 min) 15 0C/min -> 45 0C 3 0C/min -> 120 0C |
Capillary | OV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc. | 646. | Waggott and Davies, 1984 | Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified |
Capillary | OV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc. | 658. | Waggott and Davies, 1984 | Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified |
Capillary | OV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc. | 672. | Waggott and Davies, 1984 | Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified |
Capillary | OV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc. | 673. | Waggott and Davies, 1984 | Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified |
Capillary | OV-1 | 659. | Ramsey and Flanagan, 1982 | Program: not specified |
Capillary | SE-30 | 649. | Heydanek and McGorrin, 1981 | He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm; Program: -10C (8min) => 12C/min => 26C => 3C/min => 170C (30min) |
Normal alkane RI, polar column, isothermal
Column type | Active phase | Temperature (C) | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | DB-Wax | 60. | 908. | Shimadzu, 2003, 2 | 50. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He |
Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | DB-Wax | 900. | Shimadzu, 2012 | 30. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 4. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 260. C |
Capillary | DB-Wax | 900. | Shimadzu Corporation, 2003 | 30. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 4. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 260. C |
Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | Supelcowax 10 | 864. | Soria, Martinez-Castro, et al., 2008 | 50. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 45 0C (15 min) 3 0C/min -> 75 0C 5 0C/min -> 180 0C (10 min) |
Capillary | Polyethylene Glycol | 886. | Zenkevich, Korolenko, et al., 1995 | Program: not specified |
Capillary | Carbowax 400, Carbowax 20M, Carbowax 1540, Carbowax 4000, Superox 06, PEG 20M, etc. | 888. | Waggott and Davies, 1984 | Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified |
Capillary | Carbowax 20M | 886. | Ramsey and Flanagan, 1982 | Program: not specified |
Capillary | Polyethylene Glycol | 872. | MacLeod and Pieris, 1981 | Program: not specified |
References
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Chase, 1998
Chase, M.W., Jr.,
NIST-JANAF Themochemical Tables, Fourth Edition,
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Monograph 9, 1998, 1-1951. [all data]
Manion, 2002
Manion, J.A.,
Evaluated Enthalpies of Formation of the Stable Closed Shell C1 and C2 Chlorinated Hydrocarbons,
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 2002, 31, 1, 123-172, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1420703
. [all data]
Hu and Sinke, 1969
Hu, A.T.; Sinke, G.C.,
Combustion calorimetry of some chlorinated organic compounds,
J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1969, 1, 6, 507, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9614(69)90010-X
. [all data]
Hu and Sinke, 1969, 2
Hu, A.T.; Sinke, G.C.,
Combustion calorimetry of some chlorinated organic compounds,
J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1969, 1, 507-513. [all data]
Smith, Bjellerup, et al., 1953
Smith, L.; Bjellerup, L.; Krook, S.; Westermark, H.,
Heats of combustion of organic chloro compounds determined by the "quartz wool" method,
Acta Chem. Scand., 1953, 7, 65. [all data]
Cox and Pilcher, 1970
Cox, J.D.; Pilcher, G.,
Thermochemistry of Organic and Organometallic Compounds, Academic Press, New York, 1970, 1-636. [all data]
Hicks, Hooley, et al., 1944
Hicks, J.F.G.; Hooley, J.G.; Stephenson, C.C.,
The heat capacity of carbon tetrachloride from 15 to 300K. The heats of transition and of fusion. The entropy from thermal measurments compared with the entropy from molecular data,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1944, 66, 1064-1067. [all data]
Latimer, 1922
Latimer, W.M.,
The distribution of thermal energy in the tetrachlorides of carbon, silicon, titantium and tin,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1922, 44, 90-97. [all data]
Stull, 1937
Stull, D.R.,
A semi-micro calorimeter for measuring heat capacities at low temperatures,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1937, 59, 2726-2733. [all data]
Shehatta, 1993
Shehatta, I.,
Heat capacity at constant pressure of some halogen compounds,
Thermochim. Acta, 1993, 213, 1-10. [all data]
Lainez, Rodrigo, et al., 1989
Lainez, A.; Rodrigo, M.M.; Wilhelm, E.; Grolier, J.-P.E.,
Excess volumes and excess heaat capacitiies of some mixtures with trans,trans,cis-1,5,9-cyclododecatriene at 298.15K,
J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1989, 34, 332-335. [all data]
Petrov, Peshekhodov, et al., 1989
Petrov, A.N.; Peshekhodov, P.B.; Al'per, G.A.,
Heat capacity of non-aqueous solutions of non-electrolyts with N,N-dimethylformamide as a base, Sbornik Nauch. Trud., Termodin. Rast. neelect., Ivanovo,
Inst. nevod. rast., 1989, Akad. [all data]
Nkinamubanzi, Charlet, et al., 1985
Nkinamubanzi, P.; Charlet, G.; Delmas, G.,
Excess enthalpies, excess heat capacities and excess volumes of tetraalkoxysilanes with cyclohexane and carbon tetrachloride,
Fluid Phase Equilibria, 1985, 20, 57-73. [all data]
Tanaka, 1982
Tanaka, R.,
Determination of excess heat capacities of (benzene + tetrachloromethane and + cyclohexane) between 293.15 and 303.15 K by use of a Picker flow calorimeter,
J. Chem. Thermodynam., 1982, 14, 259-268. [all data]
Atalla, El-Sharkawy, et al., 1981
Atalla, S.R.; El-Sharkawy, A.A.; Gasser, F.A.,
Measurement of thermal properties of liquids with an AC heated-wire technique,
Inter. J. Thermophys., 1981, 2(2), 155-162. [all data]
Grolier, Hamedi, et al., 1979
Grolier, J-P.E.; Hamedi, M.H.; Wilhelm, E.; Kehiaian, H.V.,
Excess heat capacities of binary mixtures of carbon tetrachloride with n-alkanes at 298.15 K,
Thermochim. Acta, 1979, 31, 79-84. [all data]
Vesely, Zabransky, et al., 1979
Vesely, F.; Zabransky, M.; Svoboda, V.; Pick, J.,
The use of mixing calorimeter for measuring heat capacities of liquids,
Coll. Czech. Chem. Commun., 1979, 44, 3529-3532. [all data]
Wilhelm, Faradjzadeh, et al., 1979
Wilhelm, E.; Faradjzadeh, A.; Grolier, J.-P.E.,
Molar excess heat capacities and excess volumes of 1,2-dichloroethane + cyclooctane, + mesitylene, and + tetrachloromethane,
J. Chem. Thermodynam., 1979, 11, 979-984. [all data]
Grolier, Wilhelm, et al., 1978
Grolier, J.-P.E.; Wilhelm, E.; Hamedi, M.H.,
Molar heat capacities and isothermal compressibility of binary liquid mixtures: carbon tetrachloride + benzene, carbon tetrachloride + cyclohexane and benzene + cyclohexane,
Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem., 1978, 82, 1282-1290. [all data]
Vesely, Svoboda, et al., 1977
Vesely, F.; Svoboda, V.; Pick, J.,
Heat capacities of some organic liquids determined with the mixing calorimeter,
1st Czech. Conf. Calorimetry (Lect. Short Commun.), 1977, C9-1-C9-4. [all data]
Fortier, Benson, et al., 1976
Fortier, J.-L.; Benson, G.C.; Picker, P.,
Heat capacities of some organic liquids determined with the Picker flow calorimeter,
J. Chem. Thermodynam., 1976, 8, 289-299. [all data]
Fortier and Benson, 1976
Fortier, J.-L.; Benson, G.C.,
Excess heat capacities of binary liquid mixtures determined with a Picker flow calorimeter,
J. Chem. Thermodynam., 1976, 8, 411-423. [all data]
Grolier, Benson, et al., 1975
Grolier, J-P.E.; Benson, G.C.; Picker, P.,
Simultaneous measurements of heat capacities and densities of organic liquid mixtures-systems containing ketones,
J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1975, 20, 243-246. [all data]
Wilhelm, Zettler, et al., 1974
Wilhelm, E.; Zettler, M.; Sackmann, H.,
Molar heat capacities for the binary systems cyclohexane, carbon tetrachloride,
silicon tetrachloride and tin tetrachloride Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem., 1974, 78, 795-804. [all data]
Subrahmanyam and Rajagopal, 1973
Subrahmanyam, S.V.; Rajagopal, E.,
Excess thermodynamic functions of the systems isooctane + carbon tetrachloride and isooctane + cyclohexane,
Z. Phys. Chem. [NF], 1973, 85, 256-268. [all data]
Arentsen and Van Miltenburg, 1972
Arentsen, J.G.; Van Miltenburg, J.C.,
Carbon tetrachloride. Determination of the enthalpy of transition from metastable face-centered cubic carbon tetrachloride to the stable rhombohedral modification,
J. Chem. Thermodynam., 1972, 4, 789-791. [all data]
Deshpande and Bhatagadde, 1971
Deshpande, D.D.; Bhatagadde, L.G.,
Heat capacities at constant volume, free volumes, and rotational freedom in some liquids,
Aust. J. Chem., 1971, 24, 1817-1822. [all data]
Rastorguev and Ganiev, 1967
Rastorguev, Yu.L.; Ganiev, Yu.A.,
Study of the heat capacity of selected solvents,
Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Neft Gaz. 10, 1967, No.1, 79-82. [all data]
Harrison and Moelwyn-Hughes, 1957
Harrison, D.; Moelwyn-Hughes, E.A.,
The heat capacities of certain liquids,
Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), 1957, A239, 230-246. [all data]
Staveley, Tupman, et al., 1955
Staveley, L.A.K.; Tupman, W.I.; Hart, K.R.,
Some thermodynamice properties of the systems benzene + ethylene dichloride, benzene + carbon tetrachloride, acetone + chloroform, and acetone + carbon disulphide,
Trans. Faraday Soc., 1955, 51, 323-342. [all data]
Kurbatov, 1948
Kurbatov, V.Ya.,
Heat capacity of liquids. 2. Heat capacity and the temperature dependence of heat capacity from halogen derivatives of acylic hydrocarbons,
Zh. Obshch. Kim., 1948, 18, 372-389. [all data]
Zhdanov, 1941
Zhdanov, A.K.,
Specific heats of some liquids and azeotropic mixtures,
Zhur. Obshch. Khim., 1941, 11, 471-482. [all data]
Phillip, 1939
Phillip, N.M.,
Adiabatic and isothermal compressibilities of liquids,
Proc. Indian Acad. Sci., 1939, A9, 109-120. [all data]
Vold, 1937
Vold, R.D.,
A calorimetric test of the solubility equation for regular solutions,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1937, 59, 1515-1521. [all data]
Kolosovskii and Udovenko, 1934
Kolosovskii, N.A.; Udovenko, W.W.,
Specific heat of liquids. II.,
Zhur. Obshchei Khim., 1934, 4, 1027-1033. [all data]
de Kolossowsky and Udowenko, 1933
de Kolossowsky, N.A.; Udowenko, W.W.,
Mesure des chaleurs specifique moleculaires de quelques liquides,
Compt. rend., 1933, 197, 519-520. [all data]
Richards and Wallace, 1932
Richards, W.T.; Wallace, J.H., Jr.,
The specific heats of five organic liquids from their adiabatic temperature-pressure coefficients,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1932, 54, 2705-2713. [all data]
Williams and Daniels, 1925
Williams, J.W.; Daniels, F.,
The specific heats of binary mixtures,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1925, 47, 1490-1503. [all data]
Willams and Daniels, 1924
Willams, J.W.; Daniels, F.,
The specific heats of certain organic liquids at elevated temperatures,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1924, 46, 903-917. [all data]
Atake and Chihara, 1971
Atake, T.; Chihara, H.,
Heat capacity of solid carbon tetrachloride from 3 to 50 K,
J. Chem. Thermodynam., 1971, 3, 51-60. [all data]
Altunin, Geller, et al., 1987
Altunin, V.V.; Geller, V.Z.; Kremenvskaya, E.A.; Perel'shtein, I.I.; Petrov, E.K.,
Thermophysical Properties of Freons, Methane Ser. Part 2, Vol. 9, NSRDS-USSR, Selover, T. B., Ed., Hemisphere, New York, 1987. [all data]
Majer and Svoboda, 1985
Majer, V.; Svoboda, V.,
Enthalpies of Vaporization of Organic Compounds: A Critical Review and Data Compilation, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1985, 300. [all data]
Campbell and Chatterjee, 1969
Campbell, A.N.; Chatterjee, R.M.,
The critical constants and orthobaric densities of acetone, chloroform benzene, and carbon tetrachloride,
Can. J. Chem., 1969, 47, 3893-8. [all data]
Livingston, Morgan, et al., 1908
Livingston, J.; Morgan, R.; Higgins, E.,
The Weight of Falling Drops and Tate's Laws. Determination of Molecular Weights and Critical Temp. of Liquids Using Drop Weights: II.,
Z. Phys. Chem., Stoechiom. Verwandtschaftsl., 1908, 64, 170. [all data]
Kordes, 1954
Kordes, E.,
The heterogeneous vapor-liquid equilibrium. II. Calculation of the density of liquids and vapors as well as the necessary degrees of filling of the autoclave in the work with liquids at high temp,
Z. Elektrochem., 1954, 58, 76-80. [all data]
Lewis, 1953
Lewis, D.T.,
The Determination of the Critical Constants of Liquid Explosives,
J. Appl. Chem., 1953, 3, 154. [all data]
Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw,
Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2
. [all data]
Boublík and Aim, 1972
Boublík, T.; Aim, K.,
Heats of vaporization of simple non-spherical molecule compounds,
Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun., 1972, 37, 11, 3513-3521, https://doi.org/10.1135/cccc19723513
. [all data]
Hildenbrand and McDonald, 1959
Hildenbrand, D.L.; McDonald, R.A.,
The Heat of Vaporization and Vapor Pressure of Carbon Tetrachloride; The Entropy from Calorimetric Data.,
J. Phys. Chem., 1959, 63, 9, 1521-1522, https://doi.org/10.1021/j150579a053
. [all data]
Barker, Brown, et al., 1953
Barker, J.A.; Brown, I.; Smith, F.,
Thermodynamic properties of alcohol solutions. The system ethanol + carbon tetrachloride,
Discuss. Faraday Soc., 1953, 15, 142, https://doi.org/10.1039/df9531500142
. [all data]
Hildenbrand and McDonald, 1959, 2
Hildenbrand, D.L.; McDonald, R.A.,
The Heat of Vaporization and Vapor Pressure of Carbon Tetrachloride; the Entropy from Calorimetric Data,
J. Phys. Chem., 1959, 63, 9, 1521-1523, https://doi.org/10.1021/j150579a053
. [all data]
Goto, Fujinawa, et al., 1996
Goto, Hirotoshi; Fujinawa, Tasuku; Asahi, Hidemasa; Inabe, Tamotsu; Ogata, Hironori; Miyajima, Seiichi; Maruyama, Yusei,
Crystal Structures and Physical Properties of 1,6-Diaminopyrene-p-chloranil (DAP-CHL) Charge-Transfer Complex. Two Polymorphs and Their Unusual Electrical Properties.,
Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1996, 69, 1, 85-93, https://doi.org/10.1246/bcsj.69.85
. [all data]
Bondi, 1963
Bondi, A.,
Heat of Siblimation of Molecular Crystals: A Catalog of Molecular Structure Increments.,
J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1963, 8, 3, 371-381, https://doi.org/10.1021/je60018a027
. [all data]
Jones, 1960
Jones, A.H.,
Sublimation Pressure Data for Organic Compounds.,
J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1960, 5, 2, 196-200, https://doi.org/10.1021/je60006a019
. [all data]
Domalski and Hearing, 1996
Domalski, Eugene S.; Hearing, Elizabeth D.,
Heat Capacities and Entropies of Organic Compounds in the Condensed Phase. Volume III,
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1996, 25, 1, 1, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.555985
. [all data]
Morrison and Richards, 1976
Morrison, J.A.; Richards, E.J.,
Thermodynamic study of phase transitions in carbon tetrachloride,
J. Chem. Thermodynam., 1976, 8, 1033-1038. [all data]
Chang and Westrum, 1970
Chang, E.T.; Westrum,
E.F., Heat capacities and thermodynamic properties of globular molecules. XV. The binary system tetramethylmethane-tetrachloromethane,
J. Phys. Chem., 1970, 74, 2528-2538. [all data]
Dallos, Sisak, et al., 2000
Dallos, A.; Sisak, A.; Kulcsár, Z.; Kováts, E.,
Pair-wise interactions by gas chromatography VII. Interaction free enthalpies of solutes with secondary alcohol groups,
J. Chromatogr. A, 2000, 904, 2, 211-242, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)00908-0
. [all data]
Dewulf, Van Langenhove, et al., 1997
Dewulf, J.; Van Langenhove, H.; Everaert, M.,
Solid-phase microextraction of volatile organic compounds estimation of the sorption equilibrium from the Kováts index, effect of salinity and humic acids and the study of the kinetics by the development of an agitated/static layer model,
J. Chromatogr. A, 1997, 761, 1-2, 205-217, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(96)00810-2
. [all data]
Reddy, Dutoit, et al., 1992
Reddy, K.S.; Dutoit, J.-Cl.; Kovats, E. sz.,
Pair-wise interactions by gas chromatography. I. Interaction free enthalpies of solutes with non-associated primary alcohol groups,
J. Chromatogr., 1992, 609, 1-2, 229-259, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(92)80167-S
. [all data]
Dutoit, 1991
Dutoit, J.,
Gas chromatographic retention behaviour of some solutes on structurally similar polar and non-polar stationary phases,
J. Chromatogr., 1991, 555, 1-2, 191-204, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)87179-X
. [all data]
Castello and Gerbino, 1988
Castello, G.; Gerbino, T.C.,
Effect of Temperature on the Gas Chromatographic Separation of Halogenated Compounds on Polar and Non-Polar Stationary Phases,
J. Chromatogr., 1988, 437, 33-45, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)90369-8
. [all data]
Pacáková, Vojtechová, et al., 1988
Pacáková, V.; Vojtechová, H.; Coufal, P.,
Reaction gas chromatography: study of the photodecomposition of halogenated hydrocarbons,
Chromatographia, 1988, 25, 7, 621-626, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02327659
. [all data]
Tiess, 1984
Tiess, D.,
Gaschromatographische Retentionsindices von 125 leicht- bis mittelflüchtigen organischen Substanzen toxikologisch-analytischer Relevanz auf SE-30,
Wiss. Z. Wilhelm-Pieck-Univ. Rostock Math. Naturwiss. Reihe, 1984, 33, 6-9. [all data]
Winskowski, 1983
Winskowski, J.,
Gaschromatographische Identifizierung von Stoffen anhand von Indexziffem und unterschiedlichen Detektoren,
Chromatographia, 1983, 17, 3, 160-165, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02271041
. [all data]
Goebel, 1982
Goebel, K.-J.,
Gaschromatographische Identifizierung Niedrig Siedender Substanzen Mittels Retentionsindices und Rechnerhilfe,
J. Chromatogr., 1982, 235, 1, 119-127, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)95793-5
. [all data]
Riedo, Fritz, et al., 1976
Riedo, F.; Fritz, D.; Tarján, G.; Kováts, E.Sz.,
A tailor-made C87 hydrocarbon as a possible non-polar standard stationary phase for gas chromatography,
J. Chromatogr., 1976, 126, 63-83, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)84063-2
. [all data]
Vernon, 1971
Vernon, F.,
An investigation into hydrogen bonding in gas-liquid chromatography,
J. Chromatogr., 1971, 63, 249-257, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)85637-5
. [all data]
Brown, Chapman, et al., 1968
Brown, I.; Chapman, I.L.; Nicholson, G.J.,
Gas chromatography of polar solutes in electron acceptor stationary phases,
Aust. J. Chem., 1968, 21, 5, 1125-1141, https://doi.org/10.1071/CH9681125
. [all data]
Rohrschneider, 1966
Rohrschneider, L.,
Eine methode zur charakterisierung von gaschromatographischen trennflüssigkeiten,
J. Chromatogr., 1966, 22, 6-22, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)97064-5
. [all data]
von Kováts, 1958
von Kováts, E.,
206. Gas-chromatographische Charakterisierung organischer Verbindungen. Teil 1: Retentionsindices aliphatischer Halogenide, Alkohole, Aldehyde und Ketone,
Helv. Chim. Acta, 1958, 41, 7, 1915-1932, https://doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19580410703
. [all data]
Shimadzu, 2003
Shimadzu,
Gas chromatography analysis of organic solvents using capillary columns (No. 2), 2003, retrieved from http://www.shimadzu.com/apps/form.cfm. [all data]
Helmig, Pollock, et al., 1996
Helmig, D.; Pollock, W.; Greenberg, J.; Zimmerman, P.,
Gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis of volatile organic trace gases at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii,
J. Geophys. Res., 1996, 101, D9, 14697-14710, https://doi.org/10.1029/96JD00212
. [all data]
Weber, 1986
Weber, L.,
Utilization of the Sadtler standard RI system in micropollution analyses,
J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Comm., 1986, 9, 8, 446-451, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240090806
. [all data]
Schreyen, Dirinck, et al., 1976
Schreyen, L.; Dirinck, P.; van Wassenhove, F.; Schamp, N.,
Analysis of leek volatiles by headspace condensation,
J. Agric. Food Chem., 1976, 24, 6, 1147-1152, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60208a023
. [all data]
Bianchi, Careri, et al., 2007
Bianchi, F.; Careri, M.; Mangia, A.; Musci, M.,
Retention indices in the analysis of food aroma volatile compounds in temperature-programmed gas chromatography: Database creation and evaluation of precision and robustness,
J. Sep. Sci., 2007, 39, 4, 563-572, https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.200600393
. [all data]
Shimadzu, 2003, 2
Shimadzu,
Gas chromatography analysis of organic solvents using capillary columns (No. 3), 2003, retrieved from http://www.shimadzu.com/apps/form.cfm. [all data]
Dufka, Malinsky, et al., 1971
Dufka, O.; Malinsky, J.; Vladyka, J.,
Sorpcni materialy pro plynovou chromatographii - III,
Chemicky promysl., 1971, 21/46, 9, 459-463. [all data]
Anderson, 1968
Anderson, D.G.,
USe of Kovats retention indices and response factors for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of coating solvents,
J. Paint Technol., 1968, 40, 527, 549-557. [all data]
MHA, 9999
MHA, Directorate of ForensicScience.,
Forensic Toxicology, 9999. [all data]
Isidorov and Jdanova, 2002
Isidorov, V.; Jdanova, M.,
Volatile organic compounds from leaves litter,
Chemosphere, 2002, 48, 9, 975-979, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(02)00074-7
. [all data]
Health Safety Executive, 2000
Health Safety Executive,
MDHS 96 Volatile organic compounds in air - Laboratory method using pumed solid sorbent tubes, solvent desorption and gas chromatography
in Methods for the Determination of Hazardous Substances (MDHS) guidance, Crown, Colegate, Norwich, 2000, 1-24, retrieved from http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/mdhs/pdfs/mdhs96.pdf. [all data]
Huang, Liang, et al., 1996
Huang, C.; Liang, H.; Han, S.,
The analysis of organic compounds in waste water by gas extraction/thermal desorption/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,
Chin. J. Chromatogr., 1996, 14, 6, 421-424. [all data]
Ciccioli, Cecinato, et al., 1992
Ciccioli, P.; Cecinato, A.; Brancaleoni, E.; Frattoni, M.; Liberti, A.,
Use of carbon adsorption traps combined with high resolution gas chromatography - mass spectrometry for the analysis of polar and non-polar C4-C14 hydrocarbons involved in photochemical smog formation,
J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr., 1992, 15, 2, 75-84, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240150205
. [all data]
Misharina, Golovnya, et al., 1991
Misharina, T.A.; Golovnya, R.V.; Charnomskii, V.V.,
Volatile components of boiled shrimp funchalia woodwardi and crab geryon maritae,
Zh. Anal. Khim., 1991, 46, 1421-1429. [all data]
Habu, Flath, et al., 1985
Habu, T.; Flath, R.A.; Mon, T.R.; Morton, J.F.,
Volatile components of Rooibos tea (Aspalathus linearis),
J. Agric. Food Chem., 1985, 33, 2, 249-254, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00062a024
. [all data]
Zenkevich, 2001
Zenkevich, I.G.,
Comparative Characterization of Conditions for Unambuguous Chromatographic Identification of Organic Compounds,
Zh. Anal. Khim., 2001, 56, 9, 915-924. [all data]
Flanagan, Streete, et al., 1997
Flanagan, R.J.; Streete, P.J.; Ramsey, J.D.,
Volatile Substance Abuse, UNODC Technical Series, No 5, United Nations, Office on Drugs and Crime, Vienna International Centre, PO Box 500, A-1400 Vienna, Austria, 1997, 56, retrieved from http://www.odccp.org/pdf/technicalseries1997-01-011.pdf. [all data]
Sorimachi, Tanabe, et al., 1995
Sorimachi, J.; Tanabe, A.; Mitobe, H.; Kuniaki, K.; Masaaki, S.,
Programmed temperature retention indices for volatile organic compounds on headspace GC/MS analysis,
Niigata-ken Eisei Kogai Kenkyusho Nenpo, 1995, 11, 75-79. [all data]
Zenkevich, Korolenko, et al., 1995
Zenkevich, I.G.; Korolenko, L.I.; Khralenkova, N.B.,
Desorption with solvent vapor as a method of sample preparation in the sorption preconcentration of organic-compounds from the air of a working area and from industrial-waste gases,
J. Appl. Chem. USSR (Engl. Transl.), 1995, 50, 10, 937-944. [all data]
Ciccioli, Cecinato, et al., 1994
Ciccioli, P.; Cecinato, A.; Brancaleoni, E.; Brachetti, A.; Frattoni, M.; Sparapani, R.,
Composition and Distribution of Polar and Non-Polar VOCs in Urban, Rural, Forest and Remote Areas,
Eur Commission EUR, 1994, 549-568. [all data]
Ciccioli, Brancaleoni, et al., 1993
Ciccioli, P.; Brancaleoni, E.; Cecinato, A.; Sparapani, R.; Frattoni, M.,
Identification and determination of biogenic and anthropogenic volatile organic compounds in forest areas of Northern and Southern Europe and a remote site of the Himalaya region by high-resolution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,
J. Chromatogr., 1993, 643, 1-2, 55-69, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(93)80541-F
. [all data]
Strete, Ruprah, et al., 1992
Strete, P.J.; Ruprah, M.; Ramsey, J.D.; Flanagan, R.J.,
Detection and identification of volatile substances by headspace capillary gas chromatography to aid the diagnosis of acute poisoning,
Analyst, 1992, 117, 7, 1111-1127, https://doi.org/10.1039/an9921701111
. [all data]
Weller and Wolf, 1989
Weller, J.-P.; Wolf, M.,
Massenspektroskopie und Headspace-GC,
Beitr. Gerichtl. Med., 1989, 47, 525-532. [all data]
Waggott and Davies, 1984
Waggott, A.; Davies, I.W.,
Identification of organic pollutants using linear temperature programmed retention indices (LTPRIs) - Part II, 1984, retrieved from http://dwi.defra.gov.uk/research/completed-research/reports/dwi0383.pdf. [all data]
Ramsey and Flanagan, 1982
Ramsey, J.D.; Flanagan, R.J.,
Detection and Identification of Volatile Organic Compounds in Blood by Headspace Gas Chromatography as an Aid to the Diagnosis of Solvent Abuse,
J. Chromatogr., 1982, 240, 2, 423-444, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)99622-5
. [all data]
Heydanek and McGorrin, 1981
Heydanek, M.G.; McGorrin, R.J.,
Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy investigations on the flavor chemistry of oat groats,
J. Agric. Food Chem., 1981, 29, 5, 950-954, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00107a016
. [all data]
Shimadzu, 2012
Shimadzu, Pharmaceutical Related,
Analysis of pharmaceutical residual solvent (observation of separation) (1) - GC, 2012, retrieved from www.shimadzu.ru/applications/Applicationspdf/GC/Pharma/Pharmaceutical residual solvents GC.pdf. [all data]
Shimadzu Corporation, 2003
Shimadzu Corporation,
Analysis of pharmaceutical residual solvent (observation of separation), 2003, retrieved from http://www.shimadzu.com.br/analitica/aplicacoes/book/pharm69.pdf. [all data]
Soria, Martinez-Castro, et al., 2008
Soria, A.C.; Martinez-Castro, I.; Sanz, J.,
Some aspects of dynamic headspace analysis of volatile components in honey,
Foog Res. International, 2008, 41, 8, 838-848, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2008.07.010
. [all data]
MacLeod and Pieris, 1981
MacLeod, A.J.; Pieris, N.M.,
Volatile flavor components of beli fruit (Aegle marmelos) and a processed product,
J. Agric. Food Chem., 1981, 29, 6, 1262-1264, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00108a040
. [all data]
Notes
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References
- Symbols used in this document:
Cp,liquid Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid Cp,solid Constant pressure heat capacity of solid Pc Critical pressure S°gas,1 bar Entropy of gas at standard conditions (1 bar) S°liquid Entropy of liquid at standard conditions Tboil Boiling point Tc Critical temperature Tfus Fusion (melting) point Ttriple Triple point temperature ΔHtrs Enthalpy of phase transition ΔStrs Entropy of phase transition ΔcH°liquid Enthalpy of combustion of liquid at standard conditions ΔfH°gas Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions ΔfH°liquid Enthalpy of formation of liquid at standard conditions ΔfusH Enthalpy of fusion ΔfusS Entropy of fusion ΔsubH Enthalpy of sublimation ΔvapH Enthalpy of vaporization ΔvapH° Enthalpy of vaporization at standard conditions ρc Critical density - Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
- The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database.
- Customer support for NIST Standard Reference Data products.