Isopropyl Alcohol

• Formula: C₃H₈O
• Molecular weight: 60.0950
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C3H8O/c1-3(2)4/h3-4H,1-2H3 Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 67-63-0
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
  The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
• Other names: 2-Propanol; sec-Propyl Alcohol; Alcojel; Alcosolve 2; Avantin; Avantine; Combi-Schutz; Dimethylcarbinol; Hartosol; Imsol A; Isohol; Isopropanol; Lutosol; Petrohol; Propol; PRO; Takineocol; 1-Methylethyl Alcohol; iso-C3H7OH; 2-Hydroxypropane; Propane, 2-hydroxy-; sec-Propanol; Propan-2-ol; i-Propylalkohol; Alcolo; Alcool isopropilico; Alcool isopropylique; Alkolave; Arquad DMCB; iso-Propylalkohol; Isopropyl alcohol, rubbing; IPA; Lavacol; Visco 1152; Alcosolve; i-Propanol; 2-Propyl alcohol; Spectrar; Sterisol hand disinfectant; UN 1219; n-Propan-2-ol; 1-methylethanol; Propanol-2; Virahol; IPS 1
• Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
• Information on this page:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Condensed phase thermochemistry data
  • Phase change data
  • IR Spectrum
  • Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
  • Gas Chromatography
  • References
  • Notes
• Other data available:
  • Reaction thermochemistry data
  • Henry's Law data
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • Ion clustering data
• Data at other public NIST sites:
  • Gas Phase Kinetics Database
  • X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Database, version 5.0
• Options:
  • Switch to calorie-based units

Data at NIST subscription sites:

• NIST / TRC Web Thermo Tables, "lite" edition (thermophysical and thermochemical data)
• NIST / TRC Web Thermo Tables, professional edition (thermophysical and thermochemical data)

NIST subscription sites provide data under the NIST Standard Reference Data Program, but require an annual fee to access. The purpose of the fee is to recover costs associated with the development of data collections included in such sites. Your institution may already be a subscriber. Follow the links above to find out more about the data in these sites and their terms of usage.

Gas phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
GT - Glushko Thermocenter, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

Condensed phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid

Phase change data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Enthalpy of vaporization

Enthalpy of vaporization

Δ_vapH = A exp(-αT_r) (1 − T_r)^β
    Δ_vapH = Enthalpy of vaporization (at saturation pressure) (kJ/mol)
    T_r = reduced temperature (T / T_c)

View plot Requires a JavaScript / HTML 5 canvas capable browser.

Antoine Equation Parameters

log₁₀(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (bar)
    T = temperature (K)

View plot Requires a JavaScript / HTML 5 canvas capable browser.

Enthalpy of fusion

Entropy of fusion

IR Spectrum

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compiled by: Coblentz Society, Inc.

• GAS (40 mmHg, N2 ADDED, TOTAL PRESSURE 600 mmHg); DOW KBr FOREPRISM-GRATING; DIGITIZED BY NIST FROM HARD COPY (FROM TWO SEGMENTS); 2 cm^-1 resolution
• GAS (VAPOR); PERKIN-ELMER 21 (GRATING); DIGITIZED BY NIST FROM HARD COPY; 4 cm^-1 resolution
• SOLUTION (10% IN CCl4 FOR 3800-1333, 10% IN CS2 FOR 1333-400 CM^-1); DOW KBr FOREPRISM-GRATING; DIGITIZED BY NIST FROM HARD COPY (FROM TWO SEGMENTS); 4 cm^-1 resolution

Data compiled by: Tanya L. Myers, Russell G. Tonkyn, Ashley M. Oeck, Tyler O. Danby, John S. Loring, Matthew S. Taubman, Stephen W. Sharpe, Jerome C. Birnbaum, and Timothy J. Johnson

• liquid; Bruker Tensor 27 FTIR; 0.48212986 cm^-1 resolution

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

• gas

Data compiled by: Pamela M. Chu, Franklin R. Guenther, George C. Rhoderick, and Walter J. Lafferty

• gas; IFS66V (Bruker); 3-Term B-H Apodization
  0.1250, 0.2410, 0.4820, 0.9640, 1.9290 cm^-1 resolution
• gas; IFS66V (Bruker); Boxcar Apodization
  0.1250, 0.2410, 0.4820, 0.9640, 1.9290 cm^-1 resolution
• gas; IFS66V (Bruker); Happ Genzel Apodization
  0.1250, 0.2410, 0.4820, 0.9640, 1.9290 cm^-1 resolution
• gas; IFS66V (Bruker); NB Strong Apodization
  0.1250, 0.2410, 0.4820, 0.9640, 1.9290 cm^-1 resolution
• gas; IFS66V (Bruker); Triangular Apodization
  0.1250, 0.2410, 0.4820, 0.9640, 1.9290 cm^-1 resolution

Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, IR Spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

Notice: This spectrum may be better viewed with a Javascript and HTML 5 enabled browser.

For Zoom

1.) Enter the desired X axis range (e.g., 100, 200)

2.) Check here for automatic Y scaling

3.) Press here to zoom

Additional Data

Gas Chromatography

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Kovats' RI, polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Kovats' RI, polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Kovats' RI, polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Normal alkane RI, polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Buckley and Herington, 1965
Buckley, E.; Herington, E.F.G., Equilibria in some secondary alcohol + hydrogen + ketone systems, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1965, 61, 1618-1625. [all data]

Chao and Rossini, 1965
Chao, J.; Rossini, F.D., Heats of combustion, formation, and isomerization of nineteen alkanols, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1965, 10, 374-379. [all data]

Snelson and Skinner, 1961
Snelson, A.; Skinner, H.A., Heats of combustion: sec-propanol, 1,4-dioxan, 1,3-dioxan and tetrahydropyran, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1961, 57, 2125-2131. [all data]

Parks, Mosley, et al., 1950
Parks, G.S.; Mosley, J.R.; Peterson, P.V., Jr., Heats of combustion and formation of some organic compounds containing oxygen, J. Chem. Phys., 1950, 18, 152. [all data]

Thermodynamics Research Center, 1997
Thermodynamics Research Center, Selected Values of Properties of Chemical Compounds., Thermodynamics Research Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 1997. [all data]

Green J.H.S., 1963
Green J.H.S., Thermodynamic properties of organic oxygen compounds. Part 12. Vibrational assignment and calculated thermodynamic properties 0-1000 K of isopropyl alcohol, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1963, 59, 1559-1563. [all data]

Chao J., 1986
Chao J., Ideal gas thermodynamic properties of simple alkanols, Int. J. Thermophys., 1986, 7, 431-442. [all data]

Chao J., 1986, 2
Chao J., Thermodynamic properties of key organic oxygen compounds in the carbon range C1 to C4. Part 2. Ideal gas properties, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1986, 15, 1369-1436. [all data]

Stromsoe E., 1970
Stromsoe E., Heat capacity of alcohol vapors at atmospheric pressure, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1970, 15, 286-290. [all data]

Parks G.S., 1940
Parks G.S., Some heat capacity data for isopropyl alcohol vapor, J. Chem. Phys., 1940, 8, 429. [all data]

Hales J.L., 1963
Hales J.L., Thermodynamic properties of organic oxygen compounds. Part 10. Measurement of vapor heat capacities and latent heats of vaporization of isopropyl alcohol, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1963, 59, 1544-1554. [all data]

Berman N.S., 1964
Berman N.S., Vapor heat capacity and heat of vaporization of 2-propanol, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1964, 9, 218-219. [all data]

Rossini, 1934
Rossini, F.D., Heats of combustion and of formation of the normal aliphatic alcohols in the gaseous and liquid states, and the energies of their atomic linkages, J. Res. NBS, 1934, 13, 189-197. [all data]

Parks and Moore, 1939
Parks, G.S.; Moore, G.E., The heat of combustion of isopropanol, J. Chem. Phys., 1939, 7, 1066-1067. [all data]

Andon, Counsell, et al., 1963
Andon, R.J.L.; Counsell, J.F.; Martin, J.F., Thermodynamic properties of organic oxygen compounds. Part II. The thermodynamic properties from 10 to 330 K of isopropyl alcohol, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1963, 59, 1555-1558. [all data]

Kelley, 1929
Kelley, K.K., The heats capacities of isopropyl alcohol and acetone from 16 to 298 °K and the corresponding entropies and free energies, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1929, 51, 1145-1150. [all data]

Parks and Kelley, 1928
Parks, G.S.; Kelley, K.K., The application of the third law of thermodynamics to some organic reactions, J. Phys. Chem., 1928, 32, 734-750. [all data]

Parks and Kelley, 1925
Parks, G.S.; Kelley, K.K., Thermal data on organic compounds. II. The heat capacities of five organic compounds. The entropies and free energies of some homologous series of aliphatic compounds, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1925, 47, 2089-2097. [all data]

Roux, Roberts, et al., 1980
Roux, G.; Roberts, D.; Perron, G.; Desnoyers, J.E., Microheterogeneity in aqueous-organic solutions: heat capacities, volumes and expansibilities of some alcohols, aminoalcohol and tertiary amines in water, J. Solution Chem., 1980, 9(9), 629-647. [all data]

Brown and Ziegler, 1979
Brown, G.N., Jr.; Ziegler, W.T., Temperature dependence of excess thermodynamic properties of ethanol + n-heptane and 2-propanol + n-heptane solutions, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1979, 24, 319-330. [all data]

Griigo'ev, Yanin, et al., 1979
Griigo'ev, B.A.; Yanin, G.S.; Rastorguev, Yu.L.; Thermophysical parameters of alcohols, Tr. GIAP, 54, 1979, 57-64. [all data]

Katayama, 1962
Katayama, T., Heats of mixing, liquid heat capacities and enthalpy, concentration charts for methanol-water and isopropanol-water systems, Kagaku Kogaku, 1962, 26, 361-372. [all data]

Swietoslawski and Zielenkiewicz, 1958
Swietoslawski, W.; Zielenkiewicz, A., Mean specific heats of binary positive azeotropes, Bull. Acad. Pol. Sci. Ser. Sci. Chim., 1958, 6, 367-369. [all data]

Ginnings and Corruccini, 1948
Ginnings, D.C.; Corruccini, R.J., Liquid isopropyl alcohol. Enthalpy, entropy, and specific heat from 0° to 200°C, Ind. Eng. Chem., 1948, 40, 1990-1991. [all data]

Zhdanov, 1945
Zhdanov, A.K., On the thermal capacity of some pure liquids and azeotropic mixtures, Zhur. Obshch. Khim., 1945, 15, 895-902. [all data]

Phillip, 1939
Phillip, N.M., Adiabatic and isothermal compressibilities of liquids, Proc. Indian Acad. Sci., 1939, A9, 109-120. [all data]

Trew and Watkins, 1933
Trew, V.C.G.; Watkins, G.M.C., Some physical properties of mixtures of certain organic liquids, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1933, 29, 1310-1318. [all data]

Parks, Kelley, et al., 1929
Parks, G.S.; Kelley, K.K.; Huffman, H.M., Thermal data on organic compounds. V. A revision of the entropies and free energies of nineteen organic compounds, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1929, 51, 1969-1973. [all data]

Willams and Daniels, 1924
Willams, J.W.; Daniels, F., The specific heats of certain organic liquids at elevated temperatures, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1924, 46, 903-917. [all data]

Ogimachi, Corcoran, et al., 1961
Ogimachi, N.N.; Corcoran, J.M.; Kruse. H.W., Thermal Analysis of Systems of Hydrazine with Propyl Alcohol, Isopropyl Alcohol, and Allyl Alcohol, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1961, 6, 238. [all data]

Anonymous, 1958
Anonymous, X., Am. Pet. Inst. Res. Proj. 50, 1958, Unpublished, 1958. [all data]

Gude and Teja, 1995
Gude, M.; Teja, A.S., Vapor-Liquid Critical Properties of Elements and Compounds. 4. Aliphatic Alkanols, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1995, 40, 1025-1036. [all data]

Ambrose, Counsell, et al., 1978
Ambrose, D.; Counsell, J.F.; Lawrenson, I.J.; Lewis, G.B., Thermodynamic properties of organic oxygen compounds XLVII. Pressure, volume, temperature relations and thermodynamic properties of propan-2-ol, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1978, 10, 1033-1043. [all data]

Teja, Lee, et al., 1989
Teja, A.S.; Lee, R.J.; Rosenthal, D.J.; Anselme, M.J., Correlation of the Critical Properties of Alkanes and Alkanols in 5th IUPAC Conference on Alkanes and AlkanolsGradisca, 1989. [all data]

Ambrose and Townsend, 1963
Ambrose, D.; Townsend, R., Thermodynamic Properties of Organic Oxygen Compounds IX. The Critical Properties and Vapor Pressures Above Five Atmospheres of Six Aliphatic Alcohols, J. Chem. Soc., 1963, 54, 3614-25. [all data]

Majer and Svoboda, 1985
Majer, V.; Svoboda, V., Enthalpies of Vaporization of Organic Compounds: A Critical Review and Data Compilation, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1985, 300. [all data]

Segura, Galindo, et al., 2002
Segura, Hugo; Galindo, Graciela; Reich, Ricardo; Wisniak, Jaime; Loras, Sonia, Isobaric Vapor-Liquid Equilibria and Densities for the System Methyl 1,1-Dimethylethyl Ether +2-Propanol, Physics and Chemistry of Liquids, 2002, 40, 3, 277-294, https://doi.org/10.1080/0031910021000004865 . [all data]

Wormald and Vine, 2000
Wormald, C.J.; Vine, M.D., Specific enthalpy increments for propan-2-ol at temperatures up to 563.2 K and pressures up to 11.3 MPa, The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 2000, 32, 5, 659-669, https://doi.org/10.1006/jcht.1999.0631 . [all data]

Aucejo, Gonzalez-Alfaro, et al., 1995
Aucejo, Antonio; Gonzalez-Alfaro, Vicenta; Monton, Juan B.; Vazquez, M. Isabel, Isobaric Vapor-Liquid Equilibria of Trichloroethylene with 1-Propanol and 2-Propanol at 20 and 100 kPa, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1995, 40, 1, 332-335, https://doi.org/10.1021/je00017a073 . [all data]

Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw, Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2 . [all data]

Ambrose, Counsell, et al., 1970
Ambrose, D.; Counsell, J.F.; Davenport, A.J., The use of Chebyshev polynomials for the representation of vapour pressures between the triple point and the critical point, The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 1970, 2, 2, 283-294, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9614(70)90093-5 . [all data]

Wilhoit and Zwolinski, 1973
Wilhoit, R.C.; Zwolinski, B.J., Physical and thermodynamic properties of aliphatic alcohols, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data Suppl., 1973, 1, 2, 1. [all data]

Van Ness, Soczek, et al., 1967
Van Ness, Hendrick C.; Soczek, C.A.; Peloquin, G.L.; Machado, R.L., Thermodynamic excess properties of three alcohol-hydrocarbon systems, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1967, 12, 2, 217-224, https://doi.org/10.1021/je60033a017 . [all data]

Berman, Larkam, et al., 1964
Berman, Neil S.; Larkam, Charles W.; McKetta, John J., Vapor Heat Capacity and Heat of Vaporization of 2-Propanol., J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1964, 9, 2, 218-219, https://doi.org/10.1021/je60021a020 . [all data]

Ambrose and Townsend, 1963, 2
Ambrose, D.; Townsend, R., 681. Thermodynamic properties of organic oxygen compounds. Part IX. The critical properties and vapour pressures, above five atmospheres, of six aliphatic alcohols, J. Chem. Soc., 1963, 3614, https://doi.org/10.1039/jr9630003614 . [all data]

Biddiscombe, Collerson, et al., 1963
Biddiscombe, D.P.; Collerson, R.R.; Handley, R.; Herington, E.F.G.; Martin, J.F.; Sprake, C.H.S., 364. Thermodynamic properties of organic oxygen compounds. Part VIII. Purification and vapour pressures of the propyl and butyl alcohols, J. Chem. Soc., 1963, 1954, https://doi.org/10.1039/jr9630001954 . [all data]

Hales, Cox, et al., 1963
Hales, J.L.; Cox, J.D.; Lees, E.B., Thermodynamic properties of organic oxygen compounds. Part 10.-Measurement of vapour heat capacities and latent heats of vaporization of isopropyl alcohol, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1963, 59, 1544. [all data]

Williamson and Harrison, 1957
Williamson, K.D.; Harrison, R.H., Heats of vaporization of 1,1,2-trichloroethane, 1-propanol, and 2-propanol; vapor heat capacity of 1,1,2-trichloroethane, J. Chem. Phys., 1957, 26, 1409-14. [all data]

Foz Gazulla, Morcilio, et al., 1955
Foz Gazulla, O.R.; Morcilio, J.; Perez-Masia, A.; Mendes, A., Anales Real Soc. Espan. Fis. Quim. (Madrid), 1955, 50B, 23. [all data]

Ambrose and Townsend, 1963, 3
Ambrose, D.; Townsend, R., Thermodynamic Properties of Organic Oxygen Compounds. Part 9. The Critical Properties and Vapour Pressures, above Five Atmospheres, of Six Aliphatic Alcohols, J. Chem. Soc., 1963, 3614-3625, https://doi.org/10.1039/jr9630003614 . [all data]

Biddiscombe, Collerson, et al., 1963, 2
Biddiscombe, D.P.; Collerson, R.R.; Handley, R.; Herington, E.F.G.; Martin, J.F.; Sprake, C.H.S., Thermodynamic Properties of Organic Oxygen Compounds. Part 8. Purification and Vapor Pressures of the Propyl and Butyl Alcohols, J. Chem. Soc., 1963, 1954-1957, https://doi.org/10.1039/jr9630001954 . [all data]

Domalski and Hearing, 1996
Domalski, Eugene S.; Hearing, Elizabeth D., Heat Capacities and Entropies of Organic Compounds in the Condensed Phase. Volume III, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1996, 25, 1, 1, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.555985 . [all data]

Tarjan, Nyiredy, et al., 1989
Tarjan, G.; Nyiredy, Sz.; Gyor, M.; Lombosi, E.R.; Lombosi, T.S.; Budahegyi, M.V.; Meszaros, S.Y.; Takacs, J.M., Review. Thirtieth Anniversary of the Retention Index According to Kovats in Gas-Liquid Chromatography, J. Chromatogr., 1989, 472, 1-92, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)94099-8 . [all data]

Haken and Korhonen, 1985
Haken, J.K.; Korhonen, I.O.O., Gas-liquid chromatography of homologous esters. XXIX. Propanoyl and monochlorpropanoyl esters of lower saturated branched-chain and unsaturated alcohols, J. Chromatogr., 1985, 324, 343-353, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)81333-9 . [all data]

Haken, Madden, et al., 1985
Haken, J.K.; Madden, B.G.; Korhonen, I.O.O., Gas chromatography of homologous esters. XXXI. Butanoyl and monochlorobutanoyl esters of lower saturated branched chain and unsaturated alcohols on SE-30 and OV-351 capillary columns, J. Chromatogr., 1985, 325, 61-73, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)96008-4 . [all data]

Winskowski, 1983
Winskowski, J., Gaschromatographische Identifizierung von Stoffen anhand von Indexziffem und unterschiedlichen Detektoren, Chromatographia, 1983, 17, 3, 160-165, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02271041 . [all data]

Goebel, 1982
Goebel, K.-J., Gaschromatographische Identifizierung Niedrig Siedender Substanzen Mittels Retentionsindices und Rechnerhilfe, J. Chromatogr., 1982, 235, 1, 119-127, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)95793-5 . [all data]

Haken, Nguyen, et al., 1979
Haken, J.K.; Nguyen, A.; Wainwright, M.S., Application of linear extrathermodynamic relationships to alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, amd ethoxy alcohols, J. Chromatogr., 1979, 179, 1, 75-85, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)80658-5 . [all data]

Bogoslovsky, Anvaer, et al., 1978
Bogoslovsky, Yu.N.; Anvaer, B.I.; Vigdergauz, M.S., Chromatographic constants in gas chromatography (in Russian), Standards Publ. House, Moscow, 1978, 192. [all data]

Riedo, Fritz, et al., 1976
Riedo, F.; Fritz, D.; Tarján, G.; Kováts, E.Sz., A tailor-made C₈₇ hydrocarbon as a possible non-polar standard stationary phase for gas chromatography, J. Chromatogr., 1976, 126, 63-83, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)84063-2 . [all data]

Pías and Gascó, 1975
Pías, J.B.; Gascó, L., GC Retention Data of Alcohols and Benzoyl Derivatives of Alcohols, J. Chromatogr. - Chrom. Data, 1975, d14-d16. [all data]

Golovnya and Garbuzov, 1974
Golovnya, R.V.; Garbuzov, V.G., Effect of heteroatom in aliphatic sulfur- and oxygen-containing compounds on the values of the retention indices in gas chromatography, Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR Ser. Khim., 1974, 7, 1519-1521. [all data]

Wagaman and Smith, 1971
Wagaman, K.L.; Smith, T.G., Use of hydrocarbons as carrier gases in GLC, J. Chromatogr. Sci., 1971, 9, 4, 241-244, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/9.4.241 . [all data]

Mira and Sanchez, 1970
Mira, J.M.; Sanchez, L.G., Polarity of the Gas Chromatographic Stationary Phases and Retention Indices of Aliphatic Esters, Ketones and Alcohols, Anal. Chim. Acta., 1970, 50, 2, 315-321, https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2670(70)80071-X . [all data]

Zarazir, Chovin, et al., 1970
Zarazir, D.; Chovin, P.; Guiochon, G., Identification of hydroxylic compounds and their derivatives by gas chromatography, Chromatographia, 1970, 3, 4, 180-195, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02269018 . [all data]

Rohrschneider, 1966
Rohrschneider, L., Eine methode zur charakterisierung von gaschromatographischen trennflüssigkeiten, J. Chromatogr., 1966, 22, 6-22, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)97064-5 . [all data]

von Kováts, 1958
von Kováts, E., 206. Gas-chromatographische Charakterisierung organischer Verbindungen. Teil 1: Retentionsindices aliphatischer Halogenide, Alkohole, Aldehyde und Ketone, Helv. Chim. Acta, 1958, 41, 7, 1915-1932, https://doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19580410703 . [all data]

Rembold, Wallner, et al., 1989
Rembold, H.; Wallner, P.; Nitz, S.; Kollmannsberger, H.; Drawert, F., Volatile components of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seed, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1989, 37, 3, 659-662, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00087a018 . [all data]

Haagen-Smit Laboratory, 1997
Haagen-Smit Laboratory, Procedure for the detailed hydrocarbon analysis of gasolines by single column high efficiency (capillary) column gas chromatography, SOP NO. MLD 118, Revision No. 1.1, California Environmental Protection Agency, Air Resources Board, El Monte, California, 1997, 22. [all data]

Castello, Vezzani, et al., 1991
Castello, G.; Vezzani, S.; Gerbino, T., Gas chromatographic separation and automatic identification of complex mixtures of organic solvents in indrustrial wates, J. Chromatogr., 1991, 585, 2, 273-280, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(91)85088-W . [all data]

Kevei and Kozma, 1976
Kevei, E.; Kozma, E., Gaschromatographische Untersuchungsmethoden zur Aromaprüfung in gekochtem Schweinefleisch (M. semimembranosus), Nahrung, 1976, 20, 3, 243-252, https://doi.org/10.1002/food.19760200303 . [all data]

Anderson, Jurel, et al., 1973
Anderson, A.; Jurel, S.; Shymanska, M.; Golender, L., Gas-liquid chromatography of some aliphatic and heterocyclic mono- and pollyfunctional amines. VII. Retention indices of amines in some polar and unpolar stationary phases, Latv. PSR Zinat. Akad. Vestis Kim. Ser., 1973, 1, 51-63. [all data]

Bonastre and Grenier, 1968
Bonastre, J.; Grenier, P., Contribution à l'étude de la polarité des phases stationnaires en chromatographie gaz-liquide. III. Calcul des coefficients d'activité relatifs et des indices de rétention de quelques alcools aliphatiques, Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr., 1968, 1, 118-125. [all data]

Shimadzu, 2003
Shimadzu, Gas chromatography analysis of organic solvents using capillary columns (No. 2), 2003, retrieved from http://www.shimadzu.com/apps/form.cfm. [all data]

Hierro, de la Hoz, et al., 2004
Hierro, E.; de la Hoz, L.; Ordóñez, J.A., Headspace volatile compounds from salted and occasionally smoked dried meats (cecinas) as affected by animal species, Food Chem., 2004, 85, 4, 649-657, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2003.07.001 . [all data]

Bruna, Hierro, et al., 2003
Bruna, J.M.; Hierro, E.M.; de la Hoz, L.; Mottram, D.S.; Fernández, M.; Ordóñez, J.A., Changes in selected biochemical and sensory parameters as affected by the superficial inoculation of Penicillium camemberti on dry fermented sausages, Int. J. Food Microbiol., 2003, 85, 1-2, 111-125, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1605(02)00505-6 . [all data]

Censullo, Jones, et al., 2003
Censullo, A.C.; Jones, D.R.; Wills, M.T., Speciation of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in solventborne aerosol coatings by solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography, J. Coat. Technol., 2003, 75, 936, 47-53, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02697922 . [all data]

Pino, Almora, et al., 2003
Pino, J.; Almora, K.; Marbot, R., Volatile components of papaya (Carica papaya L., maradol variety) fruit, Flavour Fragr. J., 2003, 18, 6, 492-496, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1248 . [all data]

Xu, van Stee, et al., 2003
Xu, X.; van Stee, L.L.P.; Williams, J.; Beens, J.; Adahchour, M.; Vreuls, R.J.J.; Brinkman, U.A.Th.; Lelieveld, J., Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) measurements of volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 2003, 3, 3, 665-682, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-3-665-2003 . [all data]

Korhonen, 1984
Korhonen, I.O.O., Gas-Liquid Chromatographic Analyses. XXV. Branched-Chain C₃-C₅ Alkyl Esters of Halogenated Acetic Acids, J. Chromatogr., 1984, 288, 51-69, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)93681-7 . [all data]

Bonaiti, Irlinger, et al., 2005
Bonaiti, C.; Irlinger, F.; Spinnler, H.E.; Engel, E., An iterative sensory procedure to select odor-active associations in complex consortia of microorganisms: application to the construction of a cheese model, J. Dairy Sci., 2005, 88, 5, 1671-1684, https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(05)72839-3 . [all data]

Engel, Baty, et al., 2002
Engel, E.; Baty, C.; le Corre, D.; Souchon, I.; Martin, N., Flavor-active compounds potentially implicated in cooked cauliflower acceptance, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2002, 50, 22, 6459-6467, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf025579u . [all data]

Peng, Ding, et al., 1988
Peng, C.T.; Ding, S.F.; Hua, R.L.; Yang, Z.C., Prediction of Retention Indexes I. Structure-Retention Index Relationship on Apolar Columns, J. Chromatogr., 1988, 436, 137-172, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)94575-8 . [all data]

Quijano, Linares, et al., 2007
Quijano, C.E.; Linares, D.; Pino, J.A., Changes in volatile compounds of fermented cereza agria [Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels] fruit, Flavour Fragr. J., 2007, 22, 5, 392-394, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1810 . [all data]

Malliaa, Fernandez-Garcia, et al., 2005
Malliaa, S.; Fernandez-Garcia, E.; Bosset, J.O., Comparison of purge and trap and solid phase microextraction techniques for studying the volatile aroma compounds of three European PDO hard cheeses, Int. Dairy J., 2005, 15, 6-9, 741-758, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idairyj.2004.11.007 . [all data]

Ott, Fay, et al., 1997
Ott, A.; Fay, L.B.; Chaintreau, A., Determination and origin of the aroma impact compounds of yogurt flavor, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1997, 45, 3, 850-858, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf960508e . [all data]

Shimoda, Wu, et al., 1996
Shimoda, M.; Wu, Y.; Osajima, Y., Aroma compounds from aqueous solution of Haze (Rhus succedanea) honey determined by adsorptive column chromatography, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1996, 44, 12, 3913-3918, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf9601168 . [all data]

Shimoda, Shigematsu, et al., 1995
Shimoda, M.; Shigematsu, H.; Shiratsuchi, H.; Osajima, Y., Comparison of the odor concentrates by SDE and adsorptive column method from green tea infusion, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1995, 43, 6, 1616-1620, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00054a037 . [all data]

Suárez and Duque, 1991
Suárez, M.; Duque, C., Volatile constituents of lulo (Salanum vestissimum D.) fruit, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1991, 39, 8, 1498-1500, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00008a026 . [all data]

Fröhlich, Duque, et al., 1989
Fröhlich, O.; Duque, C.; Schreier, P., Volatile constituents of curuba (Passiflora mollissima) fruit, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1989, 37, 2, 421-425, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00086a033 . [all data]

Bianchi, Careri, et al., 2007
Bianchi, F.; Careri, M.; Mangia, A.; Musci, M., Retention indices in the analysis of food aroma volatile compounds in temperature-programmed gas chromatography: Database creation and evaluation of precision and robustness, J. Sep. Sci., 2007, 39, 4, 563-572, https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.200600393 . [all data]

Radovic, Careri, et al., 2001
Radovic, B.S.; Careri, M.; Mangia, A.; Musci, M.; Gerboles, M.; Anklam, E., Analytical, nutritional, and clinical methods section. Contribution of dynamic headspace GC-MS analysis of aroma compounds to authenticity testing of honey, Food Chem., 2001, 72, 4, 511-520, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(00)00263-6 . [all data]

Yasuhara, 1987
Yasuhara, A., Identification of Volatile Compounds in Poultry Manure by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, J. Chromatogr., 1987, 387, 371-378, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)94539-X . [all data]

Shimadzu, 2003, 2
Shimadzu, Gas chromatography analysis of organic solvents using capillary columns (No. 3), 2003, retrieved from http://www.shimadzu.com/apps/form.cfm. [all data]

Dufka, Malinsky, et al., 1971
Dufka, O.; Malinsky, J.; Vladyka, J., Sorpcni materialy pro plynovou chromatographii - III, Chemicky promysl., 1971, 21/46, 9, 459-463. [all data]

Anderson, 1968
Anderson, D.G., USe of Kovats retention indices and response factors for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of coating solvents, J. Paint Technol., 1968, 40, 527, 549-557. [all data]

MHA, 9999
MHA, Directorate of ForensicScience., Forensic Toxicology, 9999. [all data]

Bramston-Cook, 2013
Bramston-Cook, R., Kovats indices for C2-C13 hydrocarbons and selected oxygenated/halocarbons with 100 % dimethylpolysiloxane columns, 2013, retrieved from http://lotusinstruments.com/monographs/List .... [all data]

Supelco, 2012
Supelco, CatalogNo. 24160-U, Petrocol DH Columns. Catalog No. 24160-U, 2012, retrieved from http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/etc/medialib/docs/Supelco/Datasheet/1/w97949.Par.0001.File.tmp/w97949.pdf. [all data]

Vasta, Ratel, et al., 2007
Vasta, V.; Ratel, J.; Engel, E., Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Volatile Compounds in Raw Meat for the Authentication of the Feeding Background of Farm Animals, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2007, 55, 12, 4630-4639, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf063432n . [all data]

Leffingwell and Alford, 2005
Leffingwell, J.C.; Alford, E.D., Volatile constituents of Perique tobacco, Electron. J. Environ. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 4, 2, 899-915. [all data]

van Loon, Linssen, et al., 2005
van Loon, W.A.M.; Linssen, J.P.H.; Legger, A.; Posthumus, M.A.; Voragen, A.G.J., Identification and olfactometry of French fries flavour extracted at mouth conditions, Food Chem., 2005, 90, 3, 417-425, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.05.005 . [all data]

García, Martín, et al., 2000
García, C.; Martín, A.; Timón, M.L.; Córdoba, J.J., Microbial populations and volatile compounds in the 'bone taint' spoilage of dry cured ham, Lett. Appl. Microbiol., 2000, 30, 1, 61-66, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1472-765x.2000.00663.x . [all data]

Health Safety Executive, 2000
Health Safety Executive, MDHS 96 Volatile organic compounds in air - Laboratory method using pumed solid sorbent tubes, solvent desorption and gas chromatography in Methods for the Determination of Hazardous Substances (MDHS) guidance, Crown, Colegate, Norwich, 2000, 1-24, retrieved from http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/mdhs/pdfs/mdhs96.pdf. [all data]

Anker, Jurs, et al., 1990
Anker, L.S.; Jurs, P.C.; Edwards, P.A., Quantitative structure-retention relationship studies of odor-active aliphatic compounds with oxygen-containing functional groups, Anal. Chem., 1990, 62, 24, 2676-2684, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00223a006 . [all data]

del Rosario, de Lumen, et al., 1984
del Rosario, R.; de Lumen, B.O.; Habu, T.; Flath, R.A.; Mon, T.R.; Teranishi, R., Comparison of headspace volatiles from winged beans and soybeans, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1984, 32, 5, 1011-1015, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00125a015 . [all data]

Donetzhuber, Johansson, et al., 1976
Donetzhuber, A.; Johansson, K.; Sandstroem, C., Gas phase characterization of wood, pulp, and paper, Appl. Polymer Symp., 1976, 28, 889-901. [all data]

Rotsatschakul, Visesanguan, et al., 2009
Rotsatschakul, P.; Visesanguan, W.; Smitinont, T.; Chaiseri, S., Changes in volatile compounds during fermentation of nham (Thai fermented sausage), Int. Food Res. J., 2009, 16, 391-414. [all data]

Chen and Feng, 2007
Chen, Y.; Feng, C., QSPR study on gas chromatography retention index of some organic pollutants, Comput. Appl. Chem. (China), 2007, 24, 10, 1404-1408. [all data]

Kou, Zhang, et al., 2006
Kou, J.; Zhang, S.; Hu, Y.; Qiao, H.; Li, J., Stidy on the relationships between structures and gas chromatographic retention indices of alcohols, Comput. Appl. Chem. (Chinese), 2006, 23, 7, 651-654. [all data]

Blunden, Aneja, et al., 2005
Blunden, J.; Aneja, V.P.; Lonneman, W.A., Characterization of non-methane volatile organic compounds at swine facilities in eastern North Carolina, Atm. Environ., 2005, 39, 36, 6707-6718, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.03.053 . [all data]

Thierry, Maillard, et al., 2005
Thierry, A.; Maillard, M.-B.; Bonnarme, P.; Roussel, E., The addition of Propionibacterium freudenreichii to raclette cheese induces biochemical changes and enhances flavor development, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 53, 10, 4157-4165, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0481195 . [all data]

Fu and Wang, 2004
Fu, S.-P.; Wang, Y.-Q., Estimation and prediction of gas chromatographic retention indices of alcohols by molecular electronegativity-distance vector, J. Chongqing Univ., 2004, 27, 6, 106-109. [all data]

Vinogradov, 2004
Vinogradov, B.A., Production, composition, properties and application of essential oils, 2004, retrieved from http://viness.narod.ru. [all data]

Spanier, Shahidi, et al., 2001
Spanier, A.M.; Shahidi, F.; Par; iment, T.H.; Mussinan, C., Food Flavors and Chemistry. Advances of the New Millenium, Royal Soc. Chem., 2001, 666. [all data]

Zenkevich, 1999
Zenkevich, I.G., New Application of the Retention Index Concept in Gas and High Performance Liquid Chromatography, Fresenius' J. Anal. Chem., 1999, 365, 4, 305-309, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002160051491 . [all data]

Zenkevich, 1998
Zenkevich, I.G., The Principle of Structural Analogy in the Calculation of Gas Chromatographic Retention Indices using Physico-Chemical Constants of Organic Compounds, Zh. Anal. Khim. (Rus.), 1998, 53, 1, 43-49. [all data]

Flanagan, Streete, et al., 1997
Flanagan, R.J.; Streete, P.J.; Ramsey, J.D., Volatile Substance Abuse, UNODC Technical Series, No 5, United Nations, Office on Drugs and Crime, Vienna International Centre, PO Box 500, A-1400 Vienna, Austria, 1997, 56, retrieved from http://www.odccp.org/pdf/technical_series₁997-01-01₁.pdf. [all data]

Zenkevich, Korolenko, et al., 1995
Zenkevich, I.G.; Korolenko, L.I.; Khralenkova, N.B., Desorption with solvent vapor as a method of sample preparation in the sorption preconcentration of organic-compounds from the air of a working area and from industrial-waste gases, J. Appl. Chem. USSR (Engl. Transl.), 1995, 50, 10, 937-944. [all data]

Strete, Ruprah, et al., 1992
Strete, P.J.; Ruprah, M.; Ramsey, J.D.; Flanagan, R.J., Detection and identification of volatile substances by headspace capillary gas chromatography to aid the diagnosis of acute poisoning, Analyst, 1992, 117, 7, 1111-1127, https://doi.org/10.1039/an9921701111 . [all data]

Binder, Flath, et al., 1989
Binder, R.G.; Flath, R.A.; Mon, T.R., Volatile components of bittermelon, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1989, 37, 2, 418-420, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00086a032 . [all data]

Weller and Wolf, 1989
Weller, J.-P.; Wolf, M., Massenspektroskopie und Headspace-GC, Beitr. Gerichtl. Med., 1989, 47, 525-532. [all data]

Schultz, Flath, et al., 1988
Schultz, T.H.; Flath, R.A.; Stern, D.J.; Mon, T.R.; Teranishi, R.; McKenna Kruse, S.; Butlder, B.; Howard, W.E., Coyote estrous urine volatiles, J. Chem. Ecol., 1988, 14, 2, 701-712, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01013917 . [all data]

Takeoka, Flath, et al., 1988
Takeoka, G.R.; Flath, R.A.; Güntert, M.; Jennings, W., Nectarine volatiles: vacuum steam distillation versus headspace sampling, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1988, 36, 3, 553-560, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00081a037 . [all data]

Shibamoto, 1987
Shibamoto, T., Retention Indices in Essential Oil Analysis in Capillary Gas Chromatography in Essential Oil Analysis, Sandra, P.; Bicchi, C., ed(s)., Hutchig Verlag, Heidelberg, New York, 1987, 259-274. [all data]

Sun, Siepmann, et al., 2006
Sun, L.; Siepmann, J.I.; Klotz, W.L.; Schure, M.R., retention in gas-liquid chromatography with a polyethylene oxide stationary phase: molecular simulation and experiment, J. Chromatogr. A, 2006, 1126, 1-2, 373-380, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2006.05.084 . [all data]

Hayata, Sakamoto, et al., 2002
Hayata, Y.; Sakamoto, T.; Kozuka, H.; Sakamoto, K.; Osajima, Y., Analysis of aromatic volatile compounds in 'Miyabi' melon (Cucumis melo L.) using the Porapak Q column, J. Jpn. Soc. Hortic. Sci., 2002, 71, 4, 517-525, https://doi.org/10.2503/jjshs.71.517 . [all data]

Qian and Reineccius, 2002
Qian, M.; Reineccius, G., Identification of aroma compounds in Parmigiano-Reggiano cheese by gas chromatography/olfactometry, J. Dairy Sci., 2002, 85, 6, 1362-1369, https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(02)74202-1 . [all data]

Suhardi, Suzuki, et al., 2002
Suhardi, S.; Suzuki, M.; Yoshida, K.; Muto, T.; Fujita, A.; Watanbe, N., Changes in the volatile compounds and in the chemical and physical properties of snake fruit (Salacca edulis Reinw) Cv. Pondoh during maturation, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2002, 50, 26, 7627-7633, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf020620e . [all data]

Chyau and Mau, 1999
Chyau, C.-C.; Mau, J.-L., Release of volatile compounds from microwave heating of garlic juice with 2,4-decadienals, Food Chem., 1999, 64, 4, 531-535, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(98)00162-9 . [all data]

Vernin, Metzger, et al., 1988
Vernin, G.; Metzger, J.; Obretenov, T.; Suon, K.-N.; Fraisse, D., GC/MS (EI,PCI,SIM)-data bank analysis of volatile compounds arising from thermal degradation of glucose-valine amadori intermediates in Flavors and Fragrances: A World Perspective. Proceedings of the 10th International Congress of Essential Oils, Fragrances and Flavors, Lawrence,B.M.; Mookherjee,B.D.; Willis,B.J., ed(s)., Elsevier, New York, 1988, 999-1028. [all data]

Gyawali and Kim, 2012
Gyawali, R.; Kim, K.-S., Bioactive volatile compounds of three medicinal plants from Nepal, Kathmandu Univ. J. Sci., Engineering and Technol., 2012, 8, 1, 51-62. [all data]

Welke, Manfroi, et al., 2012
Welke, J.E.; Manfroi, V.; Zanus, M.; Lazarotto, M.; Zini, C.A., Characterization of the volatile profile of Brazilian merlot wines through comprehensive two dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometric detection, J. Chromatogr. A, 2012, 1226, 124-139, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2012.01.002 . [all data]

Kadar, Juan-Borras, et al., 2010
Kadar, M.; Juan-Borras, M.; Hellebrandova, M.; Domenech, E.; Escriche, I., Volatile fraction composition of Acacia (Robinia pseudoacacia) honey from Romania, Spain, and Check Republic, Bull. USAMV Agriculture, 2010, 67, 2, 259-265. [all data]

Berard, Bianchi, et al., 2007
Berard, J.; Bianchi, F.; Careri, M.; Chatel, A.; Mangia, A.; Musci, M., Characterization of the volatile fraction and of free fatty acids of Fontina Valle d'Aosta, a protected designation of origin Italian cheese, Food Chem., 2007, 105, 1, 293-300, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.11.041 . [all data]

Mattheis, Fan, et al., 2005
Mattheis, J.P.; Fan, X.; Argenta, L.C., Interactive Responses of Gala Apple Fruit Volatile Production to Controlled Atmosphere Storage and Chemical Inhibition of Ethylene Action, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 53, 11, 4510-4516, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf050121o . [all data]

Kim. J.H., Ahn, et al., 2004
Kim. J.H.; Ahn, H.J.; Yook, H.S.; Kim, K.S.; Rhee, M.S.; Ryu, G.H.; Byun, M.W., Color, flavor, and sensory characteristics of gamma-irradiated salted and fermented anchovy sauce, Radiation Phys. Chem., 2004, 69, 2, 179-187, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0969-806X(03)00400-6 . [all data]

Mattheis, Buchanan, et al., 1992
Mattheis, J.P.; Buchanan, D.A.; Fellman, J.K., Volatile compounds emitted by sweet cherries (Prunus avium Cv. Bing) during fruit development and ripening, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1992, 40, 3, 471-474, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00015a022 . [all data]

Peng, Yang, et al., 1991
Peng, C.T.; Yang, Z.C.; Ding, S.F., Prediction of rentention idexes. II. Structure-retention index relationship on polar columns, J. Chromatogr., 1991, 586, 1, 85-112, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(91)80028-F . [all data]

Waggott and Davies, 1984
Waggott, A.; Davies, I.W., Identification of organic pollutants using linear temperature programmed retention indices (LTPRIs) - Part II, 1984, retrieved from http://dwi.defra.gov.uk/research/completed-research/reports/dwi0383.pdf. [all data]

Ramsey and Flanagan, 1982
Ramsey, J.D.; Flanagan, R.J., Detection and Identification of Volatile Organic Compounds in Blood by Headspace Gas Chromatography as an Aid to the Diagnosis of Solvent Abuse, J. Chromatogr., 1982, 240, 2, 423-444, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)99622-5 . [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References

• Symbols used in this document:
  

  Cp,gas	Constant pressure heat capacity of gas
  Cp,liquid	Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid
  Pc	Critical pressure
  S°liquid	Entropy of liquid at standard conditions
  Tboil	Boiling point
  Tc	Critical temperature
  Tfus	Fusion (melting) point
  Ttriple	Triple point temperature
  Vc	Critical volume
  ΔcH°liquid	Enthalpy of combustion of liquid at standard conditions
  ΔfH°gas	Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions
  ΔfH°liquid	Enthalpy of formation of liquid at standard conditions
  ΔfusH	Enthalpy of fusion
  ΔfusS	Entropy of fusion
  ΔvapH	Enthalpy of vaporization
  ΔvapH°	Enthalpy of vaporization at standard conditions
  ρc	Critical density

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
• The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database.
• Customer support for NIST Standard Reference Data products.