Ethane

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Gas phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
GT - Glushko Thermocenter, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfgas-20. ± 0.1kcal/molReviewManion, 2002adopted recommendation of Gurvich, Veyts, et al., 1991; DRB
Δfgas-20.04 ± 0.07kcal/molCcbPittam and Pilcher, 1972ALS
Δfgas-20.24 ± 0.12kcal/molCcbProsen and Rossini, 1945Hf derived from Heat of Hydrogenation; ALS
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δcgas-373.01 ± 0.06kcal/molCcbPittam and Pilcher, 1972Corresponding Δfgas = -20.04 kcal/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections); ALS
Δcgas-372.82 ± 0.11kcal/molCcbProsen and Rossini, 1945Hf derived from Heat of Hydrogenation; Corresponding Δfgas = -20.23 kcal/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections); ALS
Δcgas-372.81 ± 0.11kcal/molCcbRossini, 1934Corresponding Δfgas = -20.24 kcal/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections); ALS

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

Cp,gas (cal/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
8.533100.Gurvich, Veyts, et al., 1989p=1 bar. Recommended entropies and heat capacities are in good agreement with those obtained from other statistical thermodynamic calculations [ Pitzer K.S., 1944, Chao J., 1973, Pamidimukkala K.M., 1982].; GT
10.11200.
12.55298.15
12.60300.
15.65400.
18.63500.
21.32600.
23.70700.
25.798800.
27.655900.
29.2901000.
30.7241100.
31.9791200.
33.0761300.
34.0341400.
34.8711500.
35.6071600.
36.2501700.
36.8161800.
37.3181900.
37.7632000.
38.1572100.
38.5092200.
38.8222300.
39.1042400.
39.3572500.
39.5872600.
39.7922700.
39.9812800.
40.1532900.
40.3083000.

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

Cp,gas (cal/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
9.957 ± 0.074189.20Halford J.O., 1957Please also see Eucken A., 1933, Kistiakowsky G.B., 1939, Dailey B.P., 1943.; GT
10.34 ± 0.076209.30
10.77 ± 0.081229.65
11.30 ± 0.084249.90
11.27 ± 0.084250.15
11.87 ± 0.088272.00
11.83 ± 0.01272.07
12.11 ± 0.10279.00
12.46 ± 0.093292.00
12.73 ± 0.02302.70
13.72 ± 0.01335.82
14.08347.65
14.43359.75
14.59 ± 0.024364.78
14.84 ± 0.11373.60
15.27387.55
17.31451.95
19.14520.55
20.62561.65
21.62603.25

Condensed phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
liquid30.28cal/mol*KN/AWitt and Kemp, 1937Entropy from 0 to 15 K calculated using a Debye function.

Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid

Cp,liquid (cal/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
16.41100.Atake and Chihara, 1976T = 50 to 100 K. Data given graphically. Cp = 0.69933 (T/K) - 2.385 J/mol*K (50 to 70 K, for solid).
16.494.Roder, 1976From data 90.3 to 94 K. Average value over range.
16.36100.32Roder, 1976, 2T = 93 to 301 K (saturation line), 91 to 330 K, pressures from 0 to 33 MPa.
17.26180.Witt and Kemp, 1937T = 15 to 185 K.
17.80200.Wiebe, Hubbard, et al., 1930T = 67 to 305.2 K. Heat capacity of saturated liquid given to 295 K is 136.1 J/mol*K.

Phase change data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tboil184.6 ± 0.6KAVGN/AAverage of 23 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tfus101.KN/AStreng, 1971Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 1. K; TRC
Tfus89.2KN/ATimmermans, 1935Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 1.5 K; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Ttriple91. ± 6.KAVGN/AAverage of 10 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Ptriple0.000011atmN/AYounglove and Ely, 1987Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 5.×10-9 atm; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tc305.3 ± 0.3KAVGN/AAverage of 41 out of 46 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Pc49. ± 1.atmAVGN/AAverage of 28 out of 29 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Vc0.147 ± 0.002l/molAVGN/AAverage of 6 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ρc6.9 ± 0.4mol/lAVGN/AAverage of 19 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δvap2.33kcal/molN/AMajer and Svoboda, 1985 

Enthalpy of vaporization

ΔvapH (kcal/mol) Temperature (K) Method Reference Comment
3.5141184.1N/AWitt and Kemp, 1937DH
3.66288.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 273. to 305. K.; AC
3.75170.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 154. to 185. K.; AC
4.23114.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 95. to 129. K.; AC
3.56214.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 185. to 229. K.; AC
3.56259.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 228. to 274. K.; AC
4.09129.N/ACarruth and Kobayashi, 1973Based on data from 91. to 144. K.; AC
3.51210.N/AReid, 1972AC
3.51184.N/AWitt and Kemp, 1937AC
3.66185.N/ALoomis and Walters, 1926Based on data from 136. to 200. K.; AC

Enthalpy of vaporization

ΔvapH = A exp(-βTr) (1 − Tr)β
    ΔvapH = Enthalpy of vaporization (at saturation pressure) (kcal/mol)
    Tr = reduced temperature (T / Tc)

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Temperature (K) A (kcal/mol) β Tc (K) Reference
289. to 301.7.0340.3696305.4Majer and Svoboda, 1985

Entropy of vaporization

ΔvapS (cal/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
19.09184.1Witt and Kemp, 1937DH

Antoine Equation Parameters

log10(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (atm)
    T = temperature (K)

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Temperature (K) A B C Reference Comment
91.33 to 144.134.50135791.3-6.422Carruth and Kobayashi, 1973Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.
135.74 to 199.913.93264659.739-16.719Loomis and Walters, 1926Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.

Enthalpy of sublimation

ΔsubH (kcal/mol) Temperature (K) Method Reference Comment
5.4085.N/ARegnier, 1972Based on data from 80. to 90. K.; AC
4.9090.BBondi, 1963AC

Enthalpy of fusion

ΔfusH (kcal/mol) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
0.13990.341Atake and Chihara, 1976Triple point.; DH
0.66789.5Domalski and Hearing, 1996AC
0.1490.3Atake and Chihara, 1976AC

Entropy of fusion

ΔfusS (cal/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
1.5490.341Atake and Chihara, 1976Triple; DH

Enthalpy of phase transition

ΔHtrs (kcal/mol) Temperature (K) Initial Phase Final Phase Reference Comment
0.545489.813crystaline, IIcrystaline, IAtake and Chihara, 1976DH
0.682889.87crystaline, IliquidWitt and Kemp, 1937DH
0.667589.50crystaline, IliquidWiebe, Hubbard, et al., 1930DH
0.5825889.77crystaline, IIcrystaline, IRoder, 1976DH

Entropy of phase transition

ΔStrs (cal/mol*K) Temperature (K) Initial Phase Final Phase Reference Comment
6.09089.813crystaline, IIcrystaline, IAtake and Chihara, 1976DH
7.6089.87crystaline, IliquidWitt and Kemp, 1937DH
7.4689.50crystaline, IliquidWiebe, Hubbard, et al., 1930DH
6.48989.77crystaline, IIcrystaline, IRoder, 1976DH

In addition to the Thermodynamics Research Center (TRC) data available from this site, much more physical and chemical property data is available from the following TRC products:


IR Spectrum

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes

Data compiled by: Coblentz Society, Inc.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director


Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, IR Spectrum, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

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Mass spectrum
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Additional Data

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NIST MS number 23

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References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Manion, 2002
Manion, J.A., Evaluated Enthalpies of Formation of the Stable Closed Shell C1 and C2 Chlorinated Hydrocarbons, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 2002, 31, 1, 123-172, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1420703 . [all data]

Gurvich, Veyts, et al., 1991
Thermodynamic Properties of Individual Substances, 4th edition, Volume 2, Gurvich, L.V.; Veyts, I.V.; Alcock, C.B.;, ed(s)., Hemisphere, New York, 1991. [all data]

Pittam and Pilcher, 1972
Pittam, D.A.; Pilcher, G., Measurements of heats of combustion by flame calorimetry. Part 8.-Methane, ethane, propane, n-butane and 2-methylpropane, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 1, 1972, 68, 2224-2229. [all data]

Prosen and Rossini, 1945
Prosen, E.J.; Rossini, F.D., Heats of combustion and formation of the paraffin hydrocarbons at 25° C, J. Res. NBS, 1945, 263-267. [all data]

Rossini, 1934
Rossini, F.D., Calorimetric determination of the heats of combustion of ethane, propane, normal butane, and normal pentane, J. Res. NBS, 1934, 12, 735-750. [all data]

Gurvich, Veyts, et al., 1989
Gurvich, L.V.; Veyts, I.V.; Alcock, C.B., Thermodynamic Properties of Individual Substances, 4th ed.; Vols. 1 and 2, Hemisphere, New York, 1989. [all data]

Pitzer K.S., 1944
Pitzer K.S., Thermodynamics of gaseous paraffins. Specific heat and related properties, Ind. Eng. Chem., 1944, 36, 829-831. [all data]

Chao J., 1973
Chao J., Ideal gas thermodynamic properties of ethane and propane, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1973, 2, 427-438. [all data]

Pamidimukkala K.M., 1982
Pamidimukkala K.M., Ideal gas thermodynamic properties of CH3, CD3, CD4, C2D2, C2D4, C2D6, C2H6, CH3N2CH3, and CD3N2CD3, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1982, 11, 83-99. [all data]

Halford J.O., 1957
Halford J.O., Standard heat capacities of gaseous methanol, ethanol, methane and ethane at 279 K by thermal conductivity, J. Phys. Chem., 1957, 61, 1536-1539. [all data]

Eucken A., 1933
Eucken A., Molar heats and normal frequencies of ethane and ethylene, Z. Phys. Chem., 1933, B20, 184-194. [all data]

Kistiakowsky G.B., 1939
Kistiakowsky G.B., Gaseous heat capacities. I. The method and the heat capacities of C2H6 and C2D6, J. Chem. Phys., 1939, 7, 281-288. [all data]

Dailey B.P., 1943
Dailey B.P., The heat capacities at higher temperatures of ethane and propane, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1943, 65, 42-44. [all data]

Witt and Kemp, 1937
Witt, R.K.; Kemp, J.D., The heat capacity of ethane from 15°K to the boiling point. The heat of fusion and the heat of vaporization, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1937, 59, 273-276. [all data]

Atake and Chihara, 1976
Atake, T.; Chihara, H., Calorimetric study of the phase changes in solid ethane, Chem. Lett., 1976, (7), 683-688. [all data]

Roder, 1976
Roder, H.M., The heats of transition of solid ethane, J. Chem. Phys., 1976, 65, 1371-1373. [all data]

Roder, 1976, 2
Roder, H.M., Measurements of the specific heats, Ca, and Cv, of dense gaseous and liquid ethane, J. Res., 1976, NBS 80A, 739-759. [all data]

Wiebe, Hubbard, et al., 1930
Wiebe, R.; Hubbard, K.H.; Brevoort, M.J., The heat capacity of saturated liquid ethane from the boiling point to the critical temperature and heat fusion of the solid, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1930, 52, 611-622. [all data]

Streng, 1971
Streng, A.G., Miscibility and Compatibility of Some Liquid and Solidified Gases at Low Temperature, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1971, 16, 357. [all data]

Timmermans, 1935
Timmermans, J., Researches in Stoichiometry. I. The Heat of Fusion of Organic Compounds., Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg., 1935, 44, 17-40. [all data]

Younglove and Ely, 1987
Younglove, B.A.; Ely, J.F., Thermophysical Properties of Fluids II. Methane, Ethane, Propane, Isobutane, and Normal Butane, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1987, 16, 577. [all data]

Majer and Svoboda, 1985
Majer, V.; Svoboda, V., Enthalpies of Vaporization of Organic Compounds: A Critical Review and Data Compilation, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1985, 300. [all data]

Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw, Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2 . [all data]

Carruth and Kobayashi, 1973
Carruth, Grant F.; Kobayashi, Riki, Vapor pressure of normal paraffins ethane through n-decane from their triple points to about 10 mm mercury, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1973, 18, 2, 115-126, https://doi.org/10.1021/je60057a009 . [all data]

Reid, 1972
Reid, Robert C., Handbook on vapor pressure and heats of vaporization of hydrocarbons and related compounds, R. C. Wilhort and B. J. Zwolinski, Texas A Research Foundation. College Station, Texas(1971). 329 pages.$10.00, AIChE J., 1972, 18, 6, 1278-1278, https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180637 . [all data]

Loomis and Walters, 1926
Loomis, A.G.; Walters, J.E., THE VAPOR PRESSURE OF ETHANE NEAR THE NORMAL BOILING POINT 1, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1926, 48, 8, 2051-2055, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01419a006 . [all data]

Regnier, 1972
Regnier, J., J. Chim. Phys. Phys.-Chim. Biol., 1972, 69, 6, 942. [all data]

Bondi, 1963
Bondi, A., Heat of Siblimation of Molecular Crystals: A Catalog of Molecular Structure Increments., J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1963, 8, 3, 371-381, https://doi.org/10.1021/je60018a027 . [all data]

Domalski and Hearing, 1996
Domalski, Eugene S.; Hearing, Elizabeth D., Heat Capacities and Entropies of Organic Compounds in the Condensed Phase. Volume III, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1996, 25, 1, 1, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.555985 . [all data]


Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References