Ethane, 1,2-dichloro-

Data at NIST subscription sites:

NIST subscription sites provide data under the NIST Standard Reference Data Program, but require an annual fee to access. The purpose of the fee is to recover costs associated with the development of data collections included in such sites. Your institution may already be a subscriber. Follow the links above to find out more about the data in these sites and their terms of usage.


Condensed phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfliquid-167.2 ± 3.5kJ/molReviewManion, 2002weighted average of several measurements; DRB
Δfliquid-169.7kJ/molCcrHu and Sinke, 1969ALS
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δcliquid-1236.4kJ/molCcrHu and Sinke, 1969ALS
Δcliquid-1246.4 ± 8.4kJ/molCcbSmith, Bjellerup, et al., 1953Reanalyzed by Cox and Pilcher, 1970, Original value = -1244. ± 8. kJ/mol; ALS
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
liquid208.53J/mol*KN/APitzer, 1940DH

Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid

Cp,liquid (J/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
129.4298.15Hallen, 1993DH
128.81298.15Lainez, Roux-Desgranges, et al., 1985DH
128.99298.15Wilhelm, Faradjzadeh, et al., 1979DH
129.0298.15Wilhelm, Grolier, et al., 1979DH
128.99298.15Wilhelm, Grolier, et al., 1977DH
128.6298.15Wilhelm, Schano, et al., 1969T = 20, 30 40°C.; DH
129.2293.Rastorguev and Ganiev, 1967T = 293 to 353 K.; DH
129.54298.15Ruiter, 1955T = 7 to 50°C.; DH
129.70298.Staveley, Tupman, et al., 1955T = 284 to 348 K.; DH
124.3293.Sieg, Crtzen, et al., 1951DH
123.0298.Kurbatov, 1948T = -25 to 86°C, mean Cp, four temperatures.; DH
128.9298.15Pitzer, 1940T = 15 to 308 K.; DH
131.0300.Railing, 1939T = 90 to 320 K. Data graphically only. Value read from graph.; DH
122.2298.von Reis, 1881T = 290 to 364 K.; DH

IR Spectrum

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compiled by: Coblentz Society, Inc.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Data compiled by: Pamela M. Chu, Franklin R. Guenther, George C. Rhoderick, and Walter J. Lafferty


Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

Notice: This spectrum may be better viewed with a Javascript and HTML 5 enabled browser.

Mass spectrum
For Zoom
1.) Enter the desired X axis range (e.g., 100, 200)
2.) Check here for automatic Y scaling
3.) Press here to zoom

Additional Data

View image of digitized spectrum (can be printed in landscape orientation).

Due to licensing restrictions, this spectrum cannot be downloaded.

Owner NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center
Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce
on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
Origin NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, 1990.
NIST MS number 114952

All mass spectra in this site (plus many more) are available from the NIST/EPA/NIH Mass Spectral Library. Please see the following for information about the library and its accompanying search program.


Gas Chromatography

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
CapillaryHP-10.645.4Wang, Liu, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm
CapillaryHP-110.648.2Wang, Liu, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm
CapillaryHP-120.656.2Wang, Liu, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm
CapillaryHP-130.654.Wang, Liu, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm
CapillaryHP-140.650.1Wang, Liu, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm
CapillaryHP-150.647.7Wang, Liu, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm
CapillaryHP-160.644.8Wang, Liu, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm
CapillaryOV-170.632.Annino and Villalobos, 199922.6 m/0.53 mm/2.78 μm
CapillaryDB-160.630.Dewulf, Van Langenhove, et al., 199730. m/0.53 mm/5.0 μm, He
CapillaryOV-150.632.Villalobos, 199530. m/0.32 mm/0.96 μm
PackedOV-1100.638.Castello and Gerbino, 1988He, Chromosorb W DMCS; Column length: 3. m
PackedOV-1125.641.Castello and Gerbino, 1988He, Chromosorb W DMCS; Column length: 3. m
PackedOV-175.633.Castello and Gerbino, 1988He, Chromosorb W DMCS; Column length: 3. m
PackedSE-30150.645.Tiess, 1984Ar, Gas Chrom Q (80-100 mesh); Column length: 3. m
PackedSE-30100.640.Winskowski, 1983Gaschrom Q; Column length: 2. m

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryCBP-1629.Shimadzu, 200325. m/0.2 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 200. C
CapillarySE-54641.Rembold, Wallner, et al., 198930. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 0. C @ 12. min, 12. K/min; Tend: 250. C

Kovats' RI, polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
CapillaryCarbowax 20M70.1085.Annino and Villalobos, 199931.3 m/0.53 mm/0.54 μm
CapillaryCarbowax 20M50.1090.Villalobos, 199530. m/0.32 mm/0.54 μm, He
CapillarySupelcowax-1060.1080.Castello, Vezzani, et al., 1991N2; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.75 mm
PackedSP-1000100.1084.2Castello and Gerbino, 1988He, Chromosorb W DMCS; Column length: 3. m
PackedSP-1000125.1084.96Castello and Gerbino, 1988He, Chromosorb W DMCS; Column length: 3. m
PackedSP-100075.1077.64Castello and Gerbino, 1988He, Chromosorb W DMCS; Column length: 3. m
PackedCarbowax 20M75.1076.Goebel, 1982N2, Kieselgur (60-100 mesh); Column length: 2. m

Kovats' RI, polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryCBP-201072.Shimadzu, 200325. m/0.2 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 200. C

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryPetrocol DH620.White, Hackett, et al., 1992100. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 220. C
CapillarySE-54641.Weber, 198625. m/0.31 mm/0.17 μm, H2, 2. K/min; Tstart: 35. C
CapillarySE-54643.Weber, 198625. m/0.31 mm/0.17 μm, H2, 2. K/min; Tstart: 35. C
CapillarySE-54648.Weber, 198625. m/0.31 mm/0.17 μm, H2, 2. K/min; Tstart: 35. C
PackedOV-101660.0Zilka and Matucha, 1978Ar, Supelcoport, 8. K/min; Column length: 2. m; Tstart: 40. C
PackedSE-30628.6Zilka and Matucha, 1978Ar, Chromaton N-AW-DMCS, 8. K/min; Column length: 2. m; Tstart: 40. C

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
CapillaryMethyl Silicone60.606.Cao and Zhang, 2006Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillaryMethyl Silicone70.607.Cao and Zhang, 2006Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillaryMethyl Silicone80.610.Cao and Zhang, 2006Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillaryDB-160.632.Shimadzu, 2003, 260. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He
PackedSynachrom150.586.Dufka, Malinsky, et al., 1971Helium, Synachrom (60-80 mesh); Column length: 1.5 m
PackedSynachrom150.595.Dufka, Malinsky, et al., 1971Helium, Synachrom (60-80 mesh); Column length: 1.5 m

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryPetrocol DH621.Supelco, 2012100. m/0.25 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 20. C @ 15. min, 15. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min
CapillaryBP-1627.Health Safety Executive, 200050. m/0.22 mm/0.75 μm, He, 5. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 200. C

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxanes632.Zenkevich, Eliseenkov, et al., 2006Program: not specified
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxanes632.Zenkevich, 2003Program: not specified
CapillaryMethyl Silicone632.Zenkevich, 2001Program: not specified
CapillaryMethyl Silicone633.Zenkevich, 1998Program: not specified
CapillarySPB-1630.Flanagan, Streete, et al., 199760. m/0.53 mm/5. μm, He; Program: 40C(6min) => 5C/min => 80C => 10C/min => 200C
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxanes632.Zenkevich, Chupalov, et al., 1996Program: not specified
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxanes632.Zenkevich and Chupalov, 1996Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-5673.Sorimachi, Tanabe, et al., 1995He; Column length: 30. m; Program: not specified
CapillarySPB-1630.Strete, Ruprah, et al., 199260. m/0.53 mm/5.0 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (6 min) 5 0C/min -> 80 0C 10 0C/min -> 200 0C
CapillarySPB-1631.Strete, Ruprah, et al., 199260. m/0.53 mm/5.0 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
CapillaryCP Sil 8 CB649.Weller and Wolf, 198940. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 30 0C (1 min) 15 0C/min -> 45 0C 3 0C/min -> 120 0C
CapillaryOV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc.632.Waggott and Davies, 1984Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
CapillaryOV-1631.Ramsey and Flanagan, 1982Program: not specified
CapillarySE-30623.Heydanek and McGorrin, 1981He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm; Program: -10C (8min) => 12C/min => 26C => 3C/min => 170C (30min)
PackedApiezon L649.3Keiko, Prokop'ev, et al., 1972Program: not specified
PackedSqualane635.5Keiko, Prokop'ev, et al., 1972Program: not specified

Normal alkane RI, polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-Wax60.1093.Shimadzu, 2003, 250. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He

Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-Wax1088.Shimadzu, 201230. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 4. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 260. C
CapillaryDB-Wax1088.Shimadzu Corporation, 200330. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, He, 4. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 260. C
PackedCarbowax 20M-TPA1065.Szymanowski, Kusz, et al., 1990Chromosorb W AW DMCS, 100. C @ 1. min, 5. K/min; Column length: 1.6 m; Tend: 220. C
PackedCarbowax 20M-TPA1065.Szymanowski, Kusz, et al., 1989Ar, Chromosorb W AW DMCS, 100. C @ 1. min, 5. K/min; Column length: 1.6 m; Tend: 220. C

Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillarySuperox 0.6; Carbowax 20M1045.Waggott and Davies, 1984Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
CapillaryCarbowax 400, Carbowax 20M, Carbowax 1540, Carbowax 4000, Superox 06, PEG 20M, etc.1045.Waggott and Davies, 1984Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
CapillaryCarbowax 20M1051.Ramsey and Flanagan, 1982Program: not specified

References

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Manion, 2002
Manion, J.A., Evaluated Enthalpies of Formation of the Stable Closed Shell C1 and C2 Chlorinated Hydrocarbons, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 2002, 31, 1, 123-172, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1420703 . [all data]

Hu and Sinke, 1969
Hu, A.T.; Sinke, G.C., Combustion calorimetry of some chlorinated organic compounds, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1969, 1, 507-513. [all data]

Smith, Bjellerup, et al., 1953
Smith, L.; Bjellerup, L.; Krook, S.; Westermark, H., Heats of combustion of organic chloro compounds determined by the "quartz wool" method, Acta Chem. Scand., 1953, 7, 65. [all data]

Cox and Pilcher, 1970
Cox, J.D.; Pilcher, G., Thermochemistry of Organic and Organometallic Compounds, Academic Press, New York, 1970, 1-636. [all data]

Pitzer, 1940
Pitzer, K.S., The heat capacities, heats of transition and fusion, and entropies of ethylene dichloride and ethylene dibromide, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1940, 62, 331-335. [all data]

Hallen, 1993
Hallen, D., Enthalpies of solution and heat capacities for some a,w-dichloroalkanes in water, J. Chem. Thermodynam., 1993, 25, 519-524. [all data]

Lainez, Roux-Desgranges, et al., 1985
Lainez, A.; Roux-Desgranges, G.; Grolier, J.-P.E.; Wilhelm, E., Mixtures of alkanes with polar molecules showing integral rotation: an unusual composition dependence of CpE of 1,2-dichloroethane + an n-alkane, Fluid Phase Equilib., 1985, 20, 47-56. [all data]

Wilhelm, Faradjzadeh, et al., 1979
Wilhelm, E.; Faradjzadeh, A.; Grolier, J.-P.E., Molar excess heat capacities and excess volumes of 1,2-dichloroethane + cyclooctane, + mesitylene, and + tetrachloromethane, J. Chem. Thermodynam., 1979, 11, 979-984. [all data]

Wilhelm, Grolier, et al., 1979
Wilhelm, E.; Grolier, G.-P.E.; Karbalai Ghassemi, M.H., Molar heat capacity of binary liquid mixtures: 1,2-dichloroethane + cyclohexane and 1,2-dichloroethane + methylcyclohexane, Thermochim. Acta, 1979, 28, 59-69. [all data]

Wilhelm, Grolier, et al., 1977
Wilhelm, E.; Grolier, J.-P.E.; Karbalai Ghassemi, M.H., Molar heat capacities of binary liquid mixtures: 1,2-dichloroethane + benzene, + toluene, and + p-xylene, Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem., 1977, 81, 925-930. [all data]

Wilhelm, Schano, et al., 1969
Wilhelm, E.; Schano, R.; Becker, G.; Findenegg, G.H.; Kohler, F., Molar heat capacity at constant volume. Binary mixtures of 1,2-dichloroethane and 1,2-dibromoethane with cyclohexane, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1969, 65, 1443-1455. [all data]

Rastorguev and Ganiev, 1967
Rastorguev, Yu.L.; Ganiev, Yu.A., Study of the heat capacity of selected solvents, Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Neft Gaz. 10, 1967, No.1, 79-82. [all data]

Ruiter, 1955
Ruiter, L.H., Some thermodynamic properties of the system benzene 1,2-dichloroethane. Part II. The excess molar heat capacities, Rec. Trav. Chim., 1955, 74, 1467-1481. [all data]

Staveley, Tupman, et al., 1955
Staveley, L.A.K.; Tupman, W.I.; Hart, K.R., Some thermodynamice properties of the systems benzene + ethylene dichloride, benzene + carbon tetrachloride, acetone + chloroform, and acetone + carbon disulphide, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1955, 51, 323-342. [all data]

Sieg, Crtzen, et al., 1951
Sieg, L.; Crtzen, J.L.; Jost, W., Zur Thermodynamik von Mischphasen IX. Über das Verdampfungsgleichgewicht Benzol-1-2-Dichloraethan, Z. Phys. Chem., 1951, 198, 263-269. [all data]

Kurbatov, 1948
Kurbatov, V.Ya., Heat capacity of liquids. 2. Heat capacity and the temperature dependence of heat capacity from halogen derivatives of acylic hydrocarbons, Zh. Obshch. Kim., 1948, 18, 372-389. [all data]

Railing, 1939
Railing, W.E., The specific heat of some ethylene halides, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1939, 61, 3349-3353. [all data]

von Reis, 1881
von Reis, M.A., Die specifische Wärme flüssiger organischer Verbindungen und ihre Beziehung zu deren Moleculargewicht, Ann. Physik [3], 1881, 13, 447-464. [all data]

Wang, Liu, et al., 2005
Wang, Y.; Liu, J.; Li, N.; Shi, G.; Jiang, G.; Ma, W., Preliminary study of the retention behavior for different compounds using cryogenic chromatography at different initial temperatures, Microchem. J., 2005, 81, 2, 184-190, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2005.02.003 . [all data]

Annino and Villalobos, 1999
Annino, R.; Villalobos, R., A strategy for the simplification and solution of complex chromatographic analysis problems utilizing two-dimensional mapping of retention indexes followed by computer modeling of heart cuts from serially coupled columns containing different stationary phases, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr., 1999, 22, 10, 589-593. [all data]

Dewulf, Van Langenhove, et al., 1997
Dewulf, J.; Van Langenhove, H.; Everaert, M., Solid-phase microextraction of volatile organic compounds estimation of the sorption equilibrium from the Kováts index, effect of salinity and humic acids and the study of the kinetics by the development of an agitated/static layer model, J. Chromatogr. A, 1997, 761, 1-2, 205-217, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(96)00810-2 . [all data]

Villalobos, 1995
Villalobos, R., A window diagram for key component analysis in on-line gas chromatography, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr., 1995, 18, 6, 343-347, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240180604 . [all data]

Castello and Gerbino, 1988
Castello, G.; Gerbino, T.C., Effect of Temperature on the Gas Chromatographic Separation of Halogenated Compounds on Polar and Non-Polar Stationary Phases, J. Chromatogr., 1988, 437, 33-45, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)90369-8 . [all data]

Tiess, 1984
Tiess, D., Gaschromatographische Retentionsindices von 125 leicht- bis mittelflüchtigen organischen Substanzen toxikologisch-analytischer Relevanz auf SE-30, Wiss. Z. Wilhelm-Pieck-Univ. Rostock Math. Naturwiss. Reihe, 1984, 33, 6-9. [all data]

Winskowski, 1983
Winskowski, J., Gaschromatographische Identifizierung von Stoffen anhand von Indexziffem und unterschiedlichen Detektoren, Chromatographia, 1983, 17, 3, 160-165, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02271041 . [all data]

Shimadzu, 2003
Shimadzu, Gas chromatography analysis of organic solvents using capillary columns (No. 2), 2003, retrieved from http://www.shimadzu.com/apps/form.cfm. [all data]

Rembold, Wallner, et al., 1989
Rembold, H.; Wallner, P.; Nitz, S.; Kollmannsberger, H.; Drawert, F., Volatile components of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seed, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1989, 37, 3, 659-662, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00087a018 . [all data]

Castello, Vezzani, et al., 1991
Castello, G.; Vezzani, S.; Gerbino, T., Gas chromatographic separation and automatic identification of complex mixtures of organic solvents in indrustrial wates, J. Chromatogr., 1991, 585, 2, 273-280, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(91)85088-W . [all data]

Goebel, 1982
Goebel, K.-J., Gaschromatographische Identifizierung Niedrig Siedender Substanzen Mittels Retentionsindices und Rechnerhilfe, J. Chromatogr., 1982, 235, 1, 119-127, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)95793-5 . [all data]

White, Hackett, et al., 1992
White, C.M.; Hackett, J.; Anderson, R.R.; Kail, S.; Spock, P.S., Linear temperature programmed retention indices of gasoline range hydrocarbons and chlorinated hydrocarbons on cross-linked polydimethylsiloxane, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr., 1992, 15, 2, 105-120, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240150211 . [all data]

Weber, 1986
Weber, L., Utilization of the Sadtler standard RI system in micropollution analyses, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Comm., 1986, 9, 8, 446-451, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240090806 . [all data]

Zilka and Matucha, 1978
Zilka, L.; Matucha, M., Gas chromatographic analysis of chlorinated ethanes, J. Chromatogr., 1978, 148, 1, 229-235, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)99342-7 . [all data]

Cao and Zhang, 2006
Cao, J.; Zhang, H., Inquire into qualitative analysis of epoxyalkyl isomeride, Contemporary Chem. Ind. (Chinese), 2006, 35, 5, 374-377. [all data]

Shimadzu, 2003, 2
Shimadzu, Gas chromatography analysis of organic solvents using capillary columns (No. 3), 2003, retrieved from http://www.shimadzu.com/apps/form.cfm. [all data]

Dufka, Malinsky, et al., 1971
Dufka, O.; Malinsky, J.; Vladyka, J., Sorpcni materialy pro plynovou chromatographii - III, Chemicky promysl., 1971, 21/46, 9, 459-463. [all data]

Supelco, 2012
Supelco, CatalogNo. 24160-U, Petrocol DH Columns. Catalog No. 24160-U, 2012, retrieved from http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/etc/medialib/docs/Supelco/Datasheet/1/w97949.Par.0001.File.tmp/w97949.pdf. [all data]

Health Safety Executive, 2000
Health Safety Executive, MDHS 96 Volatile organic compounds in air - Laboratory method using pumed solid sorbent tubes, solvent desorption and gas chromatography in Methods for the Determination of Hazardous Substances (MDHS) guidance, Crown, Colegate, Norwich, 2000, 1-24, retrieved from http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/mdhs/pdfs/mdhs96.pdf. [all data]

Zenkevich, Eliseenkov, et al., 2006
Zenkevich, I.G.; Eliseenkov, E.V.; Kasatochkin, A.N., Application of Retention Indices in GC-MS Identification of Halogenated Organic Compounds, Mass Spectromery (Rus.), 2006, 3, 2, 131-140. [all data]

Zenkevich, 2003
Zenkevich, I.G., Criteria for Evaluation of Elution Order of Isomeric Organic Compounds, Zh. Phys. Khim. (Rus.), 2003, 77, 1, 92-98. [all data]

Zenkevich, 2001
Zenkevich, I.G., Interpretation of Gas Chromatographic Retention Indices in estimation of Structures of Isomeric Products of Radical Chlorinating of Alkyl Arenes, Zh. Org. Khim., 2001, 37, 2, 283-293. [all data]

Zenkevich, 1998
Zenkevich, I.G., Reciprocally Unambiguous Conformity Between GC Retention Indices and Boiling Points within Two- and Multidimensional Taxonomic Groups of Organic Compounds, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr., 1998, 21, 10, 565-568, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1521-4168(19981001)21:10<565::AID-JHRC565>3.0.CO;2-6 . [all data]

Flanagan, Streete, et al., 1997
Flanagan, R.J.; Streete, P.J.; Ramsey, J.D., Volatile Substance Abuse, UNODC Technical Series, No 5, United Nations, Office on Drugs and Crime, Vienna International Centre, PO Box 500, A-1400 Vienna, Austria, 1997, 56, retrieved from http://www.odccp.org/pdf/technicalseries1997-01-011.pdf. [all data]

Zenkevich, Chupalov, et al., 1996
Zenkevich, I.G.; Chupalov, A.A.; Herzschuh, R., Correlation of the Increments of Gas Chromatographic Retention Indices with the Differences of Innermolecular Energies of Reagents and Products of Chemical Reactions, Zh. Org. Khim. (Rus.), 1996, 32, 11, 1685-1691. [all data]

Zenkevich and Chupalov, 1996
Zenkevich, I.G.; Chupalov, A.A., New Possibilities of Chromato Mass Pectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds Using Increments of Gas Chromatographic Retention Indices of Molecular Structural Fragments, Zh. Org. Khim. (Rus.), 1996, 32, 5, 656-666. [all data]

Sorimachi, Tanabe, et al., 1995
Sorimachi, J.; Tanabe, A.; Mitobe, H.; Kuniaki, K.; Masaaki, S., Programmed temperature retention indices for volatile organic compounds on headspace GC/MS analysis, Niigata-ken Eisei Kogai Kenkyusho Nenpo, 1995, 11, 75-79. [all data]

Strete, Ruprah, et al., 1992
Strete, P.J.; Ruprah, M.; Ramsey, J.D.; Flanagan, R.J., Detection and identification of volatile substances by headspace capillary gas chromatography to aid the diagnosis of acute poisoning, Analyst, 1992, 117, 7, 1111-1127, https://doi.org/10.1039/an9921701111 . [all data]

Weller and Wolf, 1989
Weller, J.-P.; Wolf, M., Massenspektroskopie und Headspace-GC, Beitr. Gerichtl. Med., 1989, 47, 525-532. [all data]

Waggott and Davies, 1984
Waggott, A.; Davies, I.W., Identification of organic pollutants using linear temperature programmed retention indices (LTPRIs) - Part II, 1984, retrieved from http://dwi.defra.gov.uk/research/completed-research/reports/dwi0383.pdf. [all data]

Ramsey and Flanagan, 1982
Ramsey, J.D.; Flanagan, R.J., Detection and Identification of Volatile Organic Compounds in Blood by Headspace Gas Chromatography as an Aid to the Diagnosis of Solvent Abuse, J. Chromatogr., 1982, 240, 2, 423-444, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)99622-5 . [all data]

Heydanek and McGorrin, 1981
Heydanek, M.G.; McGorrin, R.J., Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy investigations on the flavor chemistry of oat groats, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1981, 29, 5, 950-954, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00107a016 . [all data]

Keiko, Prokop'ev, et al., 1972
Keiko, V.V.; Prokop'ev, B.V.; Kuz'menko, L.P.; Kalinina, N.A.; Modonov, V.B., The use of an additive scheme of calculation of the indices of retention in gas-liquid chromatography communication. 3. Some regularities in the manifestation of the inductive effect, Izv. Akad. Nauk Kaz. SSR Ser. Khim., 1972, 12, 2629-2633. [all data]

Shimadzu, 2012
Shimadzu, Pharmaceutical Related, Analysis of pharmaceutical residual solvent (observation of separation) (1) - GC, 2012, retrieved from www.shimadzu.ru/applications/Applicationspdf/GC/Pharma/Pharmaceutical residual solvents GC.pdf. [all data]

Shimadzu Corporation, 2003
Shimadzu Corporation, Analysis of pharmaceutical residual solvent (observation of separation), 2003, retrieved from http://www.shimadzu.com.br/analitica/aplicacoes/book/pharm69.pdf. [all data]

Szymanowski, Kusz, et al., 1990
Szymanowski, J.; Kusz, P.; Dziwinski, E., Degradation and analysis of commercial polyoxyethylene glycol mono(4-alkylphenyl) ethers, J. Chromatogr., 1990, 511, 325-332, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)93295-9 . [all data]

Szymanowski, Kusz, et al., 1989
Szymanowski, J.; Kusz, P.; Dziwinski, E.; Szewczyk, H.; Pyzalski, K., Degradation and Analysis of Polyoxyethylene Monoalkyl Ethers in the Presence of Acetyl Chloride and Ferric Chloride, J. Chromatogr., 1989, 469, 197-208, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)96455-6 . [all data]


Notes

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References