Acenaphthylene

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IR Spectrum

Go To: Top, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compiled by: Coblentz Society, Inc.

Data compiled by: Timothy J. Johnson, Tanya L. Myers, Yin-Fong Su, Russell G. Tonkyn, Molly Rose K. Kelly-Gorham, and Tyler O. Danby

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director


Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

Go To: Top, IR Spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

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Additional Data

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Owner NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center
Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce
on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
Origin Japan AIST/NIMC Database- Spectrum MS-NW-6148
NIST MS number 228341

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Gas Chromatography

Go To: Top, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal

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Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-1135.1424.62Vickers, Kuhn, et al., 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He
CapillaryDB-1170.1457.55Kuhn, 200130. m/0.53 mm/3. μm, He
CapillaryOV-1150.1495.Zhang, Chen, et al., 199725. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, N2

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryOV-11460.0Gautzsch and Zinn, 19968. K/min; Tstart: 35. C; Tend: 300. C
CapillaryDB-11408.9Farkas, Le Quere, et al., 199430. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, H2, 2. K/min; Tstart: 35. C; Tend: 259. C
CapillaryUltra-11409.0Farkas, Le Quere, et al., 199450. m/0.32 mm/0.52 μm, H2, 2. K/min; Tstart: 35. C; Tend: 259. C
CapillaryDB-51456.Rostad and Pereira, 198630. m/0.26 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 4. min, 6. K/min, 300. C @ 20. min
CapillarySE-521426.Beernaert, 1979He, 50. C @ 5. min, 6. K/min; Column length: 33.3 m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm; Tend: 320. C
CapillarySE-521425.03Lee, Vassilaros, et al., 197912. m/0.3 mm/0.34 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 250. C
CapillarySE-521413.Lee, Vassilaros, et al., 197912. m/0.28 mm/0.17 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 250. C

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryHP-11418.54Dimitriou-Christidis, Harris, et al., 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 60C => 7C/min => 225C => 15C/min => 300C(11.43min)
CapillaryHP-51453.37Dimitriou-Christidis, Harris, et al., 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 60C => 7C/min => 225C => 15C/min => 300C(11.43min)
CapillaryDB-51470.Havenga and Rohwer, 199930. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 60 0C 7 0C/min -> 130 0C 5 0C/min -> 200 0C 6 0C/min -> 260 0C 20 0C/min -> 320 0C (4 min)
CapillaryMethyl Silicone1419.Oda, Ichikawa, et al., 1996Program: 50C (2min) => 20C/min => 160C => 5C/min => 210C => 10C/min => 300C

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, isothermal

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Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
CapillaryOV-101120.1428.Nabivach and Gerasimenko, 1996 

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryHP-51470.Piyachaiseth, Jirapakkul, et al., 201160. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 35. C @ 1. min, 10. K/min, 220. C @ 15. min
CapillaryHP-5 MS1454.Radulovic, Blagojevic, et al., 201030. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 5. K/min, 290. C @ 10. min; Tstart: 70. C
CapillaryHP-51450.7Leffingwell and Alford, 200560. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 30. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min, 260. C @ 28. min
CapillaryC103H2081453.Dumitrescu, Buda, et al., 2000H2, 5. K/min; Phase thickness: 0.25 μm; Tstart: 80. C; Tend: 275. C
CapillaryC103H2081455.Dumitrescu, Buda, et al., 2000H2, 4. K/min; Phase thickness: 0.25 μm; Tstart: 100. C; Tend: 275. C
CapillaryUltra-11422.Elizalde-González, Hutfliess, et al., 199650. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, H2, 3. K/min, 300. C @ 35. min; Tstart: 60. C
CapillaryDB-51447.Andersson and Weis, 199430. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, H2, 80. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 270. C @ 5. min
CapillaryUltra-11403.Okumura, 199125. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 80. C; Tend: 260. C
CapillarySE-541438.Harland, Cumming, et al., 1986He, 50. C @ 2. min, 8. K/min, 250. C @ 12. min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillarySLB-5 MS1460.Mondello, 201230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
CapillarySLB-5 MS1466.Mondello, 201230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
CapillarySolgel-1 (SGE)1433.SGE Co., 200830. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: not specified
CapillarySolgel-1 (SGE)1434.SGE Co., 200830. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: not specified
CapillarySolgel-1 (SGE)1434.SGE Co., 200830. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: not specified
CapillaryHP-5MS1483.Vichi, Pizzale, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 40C(3min) => 4C/min => 75C => 8C/min => 250C
CapillaryCP-Sil5 CB MS1445.Tirillini, Verdelli, et al., 200050. m/0.32 mm/0.4 μm; Program: 0C (3min) => 3C/min => 50C => 5C/min => 220C (30min)

Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryFFAP2193.Piyachaiseth, Jirapakkul, et al., 201160. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 45. C @ 1. min, 5. K/min, 220. C @ 5. min

Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillarySupelcowax-102188.Vichi, Pizzale, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 40C(3min) => 4C/min => 75C => 8C/min => 250C

Lee's RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryPE-5247.8Jamoussi, Kanzari, et al., 200720. m/0.18 mm/0.18 μm, 50. C @ 1.5 min, 8. K/min; Tend: 345. C
Capillary5 % Phenyl methyl siloxane244.63Skrbic and Onjia, 20062. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 250. C
Capillary5 % Phenyl methyl siloxane247.40Skrbic and Onjia, 200680. C @ 2. min, 8. K/min, 300. C @ 10. min
CapillaryHP-5248.47Pedersen, Durant, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 50. C @ 1.5 min, 6. K/min, 310. C @ 10. min
CapillaryDB-5MS248.88Chen, Keeran, et al., 200230. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, 40. C @ 1. min, 10. K/min; Tend: 310. C
CapillaryDB-5MS248.48Chen, Keeran, et al., 200230. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, 40. C @ 1. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 310. C
CapillaryPTE-5248.29Wang, Jia, et al., 200030. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 60. C @ 1.5 min, 8. K/min, 300. C @ 12.5 min
CapillaryHP-5247.93Piao, Chu, et al., 199930. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 50. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 280. C @ 20. min
CapillaryDB-5245.4Durlak, Biswas, et al., 199830. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 15. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 300. C
CapillaryDB-5245.4Durlak, Biswas, et al., 199830. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 15. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 300. C
CapillaryDB-5249.0Durlak, Biswas, et al., 199830. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 15. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 300. C
CapillaryHT-5249.04Williams and Williams, 199840. C @ 8. min, 5. K/min, 400. C @ 20. min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillarySE-52245.83Wang, Peng, et al., 19974. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.30 mm; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 250. C
CapillarySE-54245.36Chen, 19964. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 300. C
CapillaryDB-5249.19Andersson and Weis, 199430. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, H2, 80. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 270. C @ 5. min
CapillaryDB-5248.9Donnelly, Abdel-Hamid, et al., 199330. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 3. min, 8. K/min, 285. C @ 29.5 min
CapillarySE-54247.82Guillén, Blanco, et al., 198920. m/0.22 mm/0.20 μm, He, 4. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 300. C
CapillaryDB-5244.79Sye, Lin, et al., 198830. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, 80. C @ 1. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 290. C
CapillaryDB-5247.65Wise, Benner, et al., 198830. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 280. C @ 5. min
CapillarySE-52244.63Boenke and Ballschmiter, 1987Hydrogen, 3. K/min; Column length: 12. m; Tstart: 120. C; Tend: 285. C
CapillaryDB-5248.75Rostad and Pereira, 198630. m/0.26 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 4. min, 6. K/min, 300. C @ 20. min
CapillaryDB-5243.59Tong, Centen, et al., 1985He, 4. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tstart: 90. C; Tend: 325. C
CapillaryDB-5242.459Tong, Shore, et al., 1984He, 80. C @ 1. min, 3. K/min, 300. C @ 10. min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillarySE-52246.92Vassilaros, Kong, et al., 198220. m/0.30 mm/0.25 μm, H2, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 265. C
CapillarySE-52244.63Lee, Vassilaros, et al., 197912. m/0.3 mm/0.34 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 250. C

Lee's RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-5249.2Fuentes, Font, et al., 2007Column length: 60. m; Program: not specified
CapillaryHP-5MS248.27Wang, Li, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 60C(2min) => 6C/min => 258C => 2C/min => 300C(4min)
CapillaryHP-5MS247.65Wang, Li, et al., 2007, 230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: not specified
CapillaryHP-5MS248.27Wang, Li, et al., 2007, 230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-5MS249.2Aracil, Font, et al., 2005Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Program: not specified
CapillaryLM-5240.45Ré-Poppi and Santiago-Silva, 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 60C(2min) => 15C/min => 180C => 5C/min => 280C (10min)
CapillaryLM-5240.53Ré-Poppi and Santiago-Silva, 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 60C(2min) => 15C/min => 180C => 5C/min => 280C (10min)
CapillaryUltra-1244.6Sremac, Skrbic, et al., 200550. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, Nitrogen; Program: 40-100 0C 3-15 0C/min -> 290 0C
CapillaryUltra-1247.4Sremac, Skrbic, et al., 200550. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, Nitrogen; Program: 40-100 0C 3-15 0C/min -> 290 0C
CapillaryUltra-1247.7Sremac, Skrbic, et al., 200550. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, Nitrogen; Program: 40-100 0C 3-15 0C/min -> 290 0C
CapillaryDB-5247.4Lundstedt, Haglund, et al., 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: not specified
CapillaryLM-5240.52Ré-Poppi and Santiago-Silva, 200230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 60C(2min) => 15C/min => 180C => 5C/min => 280C(5min)
CapillaryLM-5240.53Ré-Poppi and Santiago-Silva, 200230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 60C(2min) => 15C/min => 180C => 5C/min => 280C(5min)
CapillarySE-52244.63Wang, Peng, et al., 1997Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.30 mm; Program: not specified
CapillarySE-54244.63Chen, 1996Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Program: not specified
CapillarySE-54253.15Guillen, Iglesias, et al., 1992Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-5249.5Paschke, Herbel, et al., 199230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 60 0C (3 min) 10 0C/min -> 100 0C (3 min) 5 0C/min -> 300 0C
CapillaryOV-101244.0Tucminen, Wickstrom, et al., 1986Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-5244.63Tong, Centen, et al., 1985He; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Program: not specified

Lee's RI, polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-Wax249.77Andersson and Weis, 199430. m/0.2 mm/0.15 μm, H2, 80. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 270. C @ 5. min

References

Go To: Top, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Vickers, Kuhn, et al., 2003
Vickers, A.K.; Kuhn, E.; Lautamo, R., A novel, inert, low bleed column for GC-MS, 2003, retrieved from http://www.chem.agilent.com/cag/cabu/gcapps.htm. [all data]

Kuhn, 2001
Kuhn, E.R., Selectivity vs. polarity: the fundamentals of chromatographic separation, J. Sep. Sci., 2001, 24, 6, 473-476, https://doi.org/10.1002/1615-9314(20010601)24:6<473::AID-JSSC473>3.0.CO;2-Y . [all data]

Zhang, Chen, et al., 1997
Zhang, M.; Chen, B.; Shen, S.; Chen, S., Compositional studies of high-temperature coal tar by g.c.-FT-i.r. analysis of middle oil fractions, Fuel, 1997, 76, 5, 415-423, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-2361(97)85518-4 . [all data]

Gautzsch and Zinn, 1996
Gautzsch, R.; Zinn, P., Use of incremental models to estimate the retention indexes of aromatic compounds, Chromatographia, 1996, 43, 3/4, 163-176, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02292946 . [all data]

Farkas, Le Quere, et al., 1994
Farkas, P.; Le Quere, J.M.; Maarse, H.; Kovac, M., The standard GC retention index library of flavour compounds in Trends in flavour research. Proceedings of the 7th Weurman Flavour Research Symposium, Maarse,H.; van der Heij,D.G., ed(s)., Weurman Flavour Research Symposium, Noordwijkerhout, Netherlands, 1994, 145-149. [all data]

Rostad and Pereira, 1986
Rostad, C.E.; Pereira, W.E., Kovats and Lee retention indices determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for organic compounds of environmental interest, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Comm., 1986, 9, 6, 328-334, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240090603 . [all data]

Beernaert, 1979
Beernaert, H., Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Polyclylic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, J. Chromatogr., 1979, 173, 1, 109-118, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)80450-7 . [all data]

Lee, Vassilaros, et al., 1979
Lee, M.L.; Vassilaros, D.L.; White, C.M.; Novotny, M., Retention Indices for Programmed-Temperature Capillary-Column Gas Chromatography of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Anal. Chem., 1979, 51, 6, 768-773, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50042a043 . [all data]

Dimitriou-Christidis, Harris, et al., 2003
Dimitriou-Christidis, P.; Harris, B.C.; McDonald, T.J.; Reese, E.; Autenrieth, R.L., Estimation of selected physicochemical properties for methylated naphthalene compounds, Chemosphere, 2003, 52, 5, 869-881, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(03)00288-1 . [all data]

Havenga and Rohwer, 1999
Havenga, W.J.; Rohwer, E.R., Chemical Characterization and Screening of Hydrocarbon Pollution in Industrial Soils by Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction, J. Chromatogr., 1999, 848, 1-2, 279-295, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(99)00522-1 . [all data]

Oda, Ichikawa, et al., 1996
Oda, J.; Ichikawa, S.; Mori, T., Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in airborne particulates by capillary GC/MS method with programmed temperature relative retention index, Bunseki Kagaku, 1996, 45, 9, 825-835, https://doi.org/10.2116/bunsekikagaku.45.825 . [all data]

Nabivach and Gerasimenko, 1996
Nabivach, V.M.; Gerasimenko, V.A., Gas chromatographic retention characteristics of bicyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Coke and Chemistry (Rus), 1996, 6, 27-31. [all data]

Piyachaiseth, Jirapakkul, et al., 2011
Piyachaiseth, T.; Jirapakkul, W.; Chaiseri, S., Aroma compounds of flash-fried rice, Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.), 2011, 45, 717-729. [all data]

Radulovic, Blagojevic, et al., 2010
Radulovic, N.; Blagojevic, P.; Palic, R., Comparative study of the leaf volatiles of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. and Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. (Ericaceae), Molecules, 2010, 15, 9, 6168-6185, https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules15096168 . [all data]

Leffingwell and Alford, 2005
Leffingwell, J.C.; Alford, E.D., Volatile constituents of Perique tobacco, Electron. J. Environ. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 4, 2, 899-915. [all data]

Dumitrescu, Buda, et al., 2000
Dumitrescu, V.; Buda, W.; Medvedovici, A., Evaluation of new stationary phases for capillary gas chromatography, Rev. Roum. Chim., 2000, 45, 4, 313-318. [all data]

Elizalde-González, Hutfliess, et al., 1996
Elizalde-González, M.P.; Hutfliess, M.; Hedden, K., Retention index system, adsorption characteristics, and sructure correlations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in fuels, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr., 1996, 19, 6, 345-352, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190608 . [all data]

Andersson and Weis, 1994
Andersson, J.T.; Weis, U., Gas Chromatographic Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds with Fluorinated Analogues as Internal Standards, J. Chromatogr. A, 1994, 659, 1, 151-161, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(94)85017-8 . [all data]

Okumura, 1991
Okumura, T., retention indices of environmental chemicals on methyl silicone capillary column, Journal of Environmental Chemistry (Japan), 1991, 1, 2, 333-358, https://doi.org/10.5985/jec.1.333 . [all data]

Harland, Cumming, et al., 1986
Harland, B.J.; Cumming, R.I.; Gillings, E., The Kovats indexes of some organic micropollutants on an SE54 capillary column, EUR, I Org. Micropollut. Aquat. Environ., 1986, EUR 10388, 123-127. [all data]

Mondello, 2012
Mondello, L., HS-SPME-GCxGC-MS analysis of Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) in Shimadzu GC-GC application compendium of comprehensive 2D GC, Vol. 1-5, Shimadzu Corp., 2012, 1-29. [all data]

SGE Co., 2008
SGE Co., The Importance of Low Bleed Columns for GC-MS; Technical Article, The Importance of Low Bleed Columns for GC-MS, SGE Co., 2008, 2, retrieved from http://www.sge-com. [all data]

Vichi, Pizzale, et al., 2005
Vichi, S.; Pizzale, L.; Conte, L.S.; Buxaderas, S.; L´opez-Tamames, E., Simultaneous determination of volatile and semi-volatile aromatic hydrocarbons in virgin olive oil by headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. A, 2005, 1090, 1-2, 146-154, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2005.07.007 . [all data]

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Tirillini, B.; Verdelli, G.; Paolocci, F.; Ciccioli, P.; Frattoni, M., The volatile organic compounds from the mycelium of Tuber borchii Vitt., Phytochemistry, 2000, 55, 8, 983-985, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)00308-3 . [all data]

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Jamoussi, B.; Kanzari, F.; Hassine, B.B.; Abderrabba, A., Using Bezier curves for the calculation of retention indices of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the so-called Lee's scale in temperature-programmed gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detection, J. Chromatogr. Sci., 2007, 45, 1, 22-27, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/45.1.22 . [all data]

Skrbic and Onjia, 2006
Skrbic, B.; Onjia, A., Prediction of Lee Retention Indices of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Artificial Neural Networks, J. Chromatorg. A, 2006, 1108, 2, 279-284, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2006.01.080 . [all data]

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Pedersen, D.U.; Durant, J.L.; Taghizadeh, K.; Hemond, H.F.; Lafleur, A.L.; Cass, G.R., Human cell mutagenes in respirable airborne particles from the Northeastern United States. 2. Quantification of mutagenes and other organic compounds., Environ. Sci. Technol., 2005, 39, 24, 9547-9560, https://doi.org/10.1021/es050886c . [all data]

Chen, Keeran, et al., 2002
Chen, P.H.; Keeran, W.S.; Van Ausdale, W.A.; Schindler, D.R.; Roberts, D.W., Application of Lee retention indices to the confirmation of tentatively identified compounds from GC/MS analysis of environmental samples, Technical paper, Analytical Services Division, Environmental ScienceEngineering, Inc, PO Box 1703, Gainesville, FL 32602, 2002, 11. [all data]

Wang, Jia, et al., 2000
Wang, J.; Jia, C.R.; Wong, C.K.; Wong, P.K., Characterization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons created in lubricating oils, Water Air Soil Poll., 2000, 120, 3/4, 381-396, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005251618062 . [all data]

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Piao, M.; Chu, S.; Zheng, M.; Xu, X., Characterization of the combustion products of polyethylene, Chemosphere, 1999, 39, 9, 1497-1512, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(99)00054-5 . [all data]

Durlak, Biswas, et al., 1998
Durlak, S.K.; Biswas, P.; Shi, J.; Bernhard, M.J., Characterization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon particulate and gaseous emissions from polystyrene combustion, Environ. Sci. Technol., 1998, 32, 15, 2301-2307, https://doi.org/10.1021/es9709031 . [all data]

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Williams, P.T.; Williams, E.A., Recycling plastic waste by pyrolysis, J. Inst. Energy, 1998, 71, 81-93. [all data]

Wang, Peng, et al., 1997
Wang, Y.; Peng, P.; Cui, S.; Zhang, Y., Identification of PAH in the Suzhou River bed sediments by GC/MS and PAH retention index system, J. Nanjing Norm. Univ. (Nat. Sci.), 1997, 20, 2, 47-68. [all data]

Chen, 1996
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Notes

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