NH4+
- Formula: H4N+
- Molecular weight: 18.0379
- IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/H3N/h1H3/p+1
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O
- CAS Registry Number: 14798-03-9
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript. - Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
- Information on this page:
- Other data available:
- Reaction thermochemistry data: reactions 51 to 93
- Ion clustering data
- Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels
- Options:
Reaction thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.
Reactions 1 to 50
( • 3
) +
= (
• 4
)
By formula: (H4N+ • 3H3N) + H3N = (H4N+ • 4H3N)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 51. ± 4. | kJ/mol | AVG | N/A | Average of 5 out of 10 values; Individual data points |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 118. ± 8. | J/mol*K | AVG | N/A | Average of 3 out of 7 values; Individual data points |
Free energy of reaction
| ΔrG° (kJ/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 14. | 296. | FA | Fehsenfeld and Ferguson, 1973 | gas phase |
( • 2
) +
= (
• 3
)
By formula: (H4N+ • 2H3N) + H3N = (H4N+ • 3H3N)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 50. ± 20. | kJ/mol | AVG | N/A | Average of 6 out of 9 values; Individual data points |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 105. ± 5. | J/mol*K | AVG | N/A | Average of 4 out of 7 values; Individual data points |
Free energy of reaction
| ΔrG° (kJ/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 27. | 296. | FA | Fehsenfeld and Ferguson, 1973 | gas phase |
| 27. | 296. | SAMS | Puckett and Teague, 1971 | gas phase |
( •
) +
= (
• 2
)
By formula: (H4N+ • H3N) + H3N = (H4N+ • 2H3N)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 70. ± 5. | kJ/mol | AVG | N/A | Average of 5 out of 8 values; Individual data points |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 100. | J/mol*K | HPMS | Tang and Castleman, 1975 | gas phase |
| ΔrS° | 99.2 | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Arshadi and Futrell, 1974 | gas phase |
| ΔrS° | 104. | J/mol*K | DT | Long and Franklin, 1973 | gas phase |
| ΔrS° | 112. | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Searles and Kebarle, 1968 | gas phase |
| ΔrS° | 95.8 | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973 | gas phase; typographical error in ΔrH |
Free energy of reaction
| ΔrG° (kJ/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 41. | 296. | FA | Fehsenfeld and Ferguson, 1973 | gas phase; DG> |
| 42.3 | 296. | SAMS | Puckett and Teague, 1971 | gas phase |
| 23. | 400. | HPMS | Wincel, 1972 | gas phase |
+
= (
•
)
By formula: H4N+ + H3N = (H4N+ • H3N)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 107. ± 6. | kJ/mol | AVG | N/A | Average of 4 out of 9 values; Individual data points |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 111. ± 10. | J/mol*K | AVG | N/A | Average of 4 out of 6 values; Individual data points |
Free energy of reaction
| ΔrG° (kJ/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 26. | 400. | HPMS | Wincel, 1972 | gas phase |
( •
) +
= (
• 2
)
By formula: (H4N+ • H2O) + H2O = (H4N+ • 2H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 72.8 | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986 | gas phase; ΔrH?, Entropy change is questionable, appear out of line |
| ΔrH° | 57.3 | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; ΔrH of 51.9 kJ/mol from plot is too small |
| ΔrH° | 61.5 | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 120. | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986 | gas phase; ΔrH?, Entropy change is questionable, appear out of line |
| ΔrS° | 92.0 | J/mol*K | N/A | Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; ΔrH of 51.9 kJ/mol from plot is too small |
| ΔrS° | 91.6 | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrG° | 37. | kJ/mol | HPMS | Banic and Iribarne, 1985 | gas phase; electric fields |
Free energy of reaction
| ΔrG° (kJ/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 19. | 414. | PHPMS | Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; ΔrH of 51.9 kJ/mol from plot is too small |
( • 4
) +
= (
• 5
)
By formula: (H4N+ • 4H3N) + H3N = (H4N+ • 5H3N)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 29. | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Arshadi and Futrell, 1974 | gas phase |
| ΔrH° | 31. | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Searles and Kebarle, 1968 | gas phase |
| ΔrH° | 30. | kJ/mol | MKER | Wei, Tzeng, et al., 1990 | gas phase; from graph |
| ΔrH° | 12. | kJ/mol | TPEPICO | Kamke, Herrmann, et al., 1988 | gas phase |
| ΔrH° | 40. | kJ/mol | DT | Long and Franklin, 1973 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 90.0 | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Arshadi and Futrell, 1974 | gas phase |
| ΔrS° | 100. | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Searles and Kebarle, 1968 | gas phase |
| ΔrS° | 130. | J/mol*K | DT | Long and Franklin, 1973 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrG° | 2. | kJ/mol | HPMS | Hogg, Haynes, et al., 1966 | gas phase |
( • 2
) +
= (
• 3
)
By formula: (H4N+ • 2H2O) + H2O = (H4N+ • 3H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 57.3 | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986 | gas phase |
| ΔrH° | 56.1 | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973 | gas phase |
| ΔrH° | 51.0 | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 104. | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986 | gas phase |
| ΔrS° | 105. | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973 | gas phase |
| ΔrS° | 88.7 | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrG° | 27. | kJ/mol | HPMS | Banic and Iribarne, 1985 | gas phase; electric fields |
+
= (
•
)
By formula: H4N+ + H2O = (H4N+ • H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 86.2 | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986 | gas phase |
| ΔrH° | 83.3 | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984 | gas phase |
| ΔrH° | 72.4 | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 103. | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986 | gas phase |
| ΔrS° | 96.7 | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984 | gas phase |
| ΔrS° | 82.4 | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973 | gas phase |
( • 3
•
) +
= (
• 4
•
)
By formula: (H4N+ • 3CHN • H3N) + CHN = (H4N+ • 4CHN • H3N)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 36. | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Deakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, T = 392 in paper is error |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 84. | J/mol*K | N/A | Deakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, T = 392 in paper is error |
Free energy of reaction
| ΔrG° (kJ/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 11. | 292. | PHPMS | Deakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, T = 392 in paper is error |
( • 3
) +
= (
• 4
)
By formula: (H4N+ • 3H2O) + H2O = (H4N+ • 4H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 45.2 | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984 | gas phase |
| ΔrH° | 51.0 | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 96.2 | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984 | gas phase |
| ΔrS° | 114. | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrG° | 21. | kJ/mol | HPMS | Banic and Iribarne, 1985 | gas phase; electric fields |
+
= (
•
)
By formula: H4N+ + C2N2 = (H4N+ • C2N2)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 43.5 | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Speller and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, DG<, ΔrH< |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 96. | J/mol*K | N/A | Speller and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, DG<, ΔrH< |
Free energy of reaction
| ΔrG° (kJ/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 13. | 315. | PHPMS | Speller and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, DG<, ΔrH< |
+
= (
•
)
By formula: H4N+ + C6H12 = (H4N+ • C6H12)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 40. | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Deakyne and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, DG<, ΔrH< |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 84. | J/mol*K | N/A | Deakyne and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, DG<, ΔrH< |
Free energy of reaction
| ΔrG° (kJ/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12. | 317. | PHPMS | Deakyne and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, DG<, ΔrH< |
( •
• 2
) +
= (
• 2
• 2
)
By formula: (H4N+ • H3N • 2CHN) + H3N = (H4N+ • 2H3N • 2CHN)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 54.0 | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Deakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 84. | J/mol*K | N/A | Deakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated |
Free energy of reaction
| ΔrG° (kJ/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 28. | 315. | PHPMS | Deakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated |
( •
• 2
) +
= (
• 2
• 2
)
By formula: (H4N+ • CHN • 2H3N) + CHN = (H4N+ • 2CHN • 2H3N)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 46.9 | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Deakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 84. | J/mol*K | N/A | Deakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated |
Free energy of reaction
| ΔrG° (kJ/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 21. | 315. | PHPMS | Deakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated |
( •
) +
= (
•
•
)
By formula: (H4N+ • CHN) + H3N = (H4N+ • H3N • CHN)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 78.7 | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Deakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 92. | J/mol*K | N/A | Deakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated |
Free energy of reaction
| ΔrG° (kJ/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 39. | 429. | PHPMS | Deakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated |
( • 4
) +
= (
• 5
)
By formula: (H4N+ • 4C3H6O) + C3H6O = (H4N+ • 5C3H6O)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 42.3 | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1996 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 100. | J/mol*K | N/A | Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1996 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated |
Free energy of reaction
| ΔrG° (kJ/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 19. | 215. | PHPMS | Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1996 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated |
+
= (
•
)
By formula: H4N+ + C4H8 = (H4N+ • C4H8)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 146. | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sieck, 1991 | gas phase; condensation |
| ΔrH° | 146. | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sieck, 1990 | gas phase; forms t-C4H9NH3+ |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 155. | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sieck, 1991 | gas phase; condensation |
| ΔrS° | 164. | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sieck, 1990 | gas phase; forms t-C4H9NH3+ |
+
= (
•
)
By formula: H4N+ + C6H4F2 = (H4N+ • C6H4F2)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 54. | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Deakyne and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 84. | J/mol*K | N/A | Deakyne and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated |
Free energy of reaction
| ΔrG° (kJ/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 21. | 395. | PHPMS | Deakyne and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated |
+
= (
•
)
By formula: H4N+ + C2H4 = (H4N+ • C2H4)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 42. | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Deakyne and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 84. | J/mol*K | N/A | Deakyne and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated |
Free energy of reaction
| ΔrG° (kJ/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15. | 294. | PHPMS | Deakyne and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated |
( • 4
) +
= (
• 5
)
By formula: (H4N+ • 4H2O) + H2O = (H4N+ • 5H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 44.4 | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984 | gas phase |
| ΔrH° | 41. | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 113. | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984 | gas phase |
| ΔrS° | 93.7 | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973 | gas phase |
( • 5
) +
= (
• 6
)
By formula: (H4N+ • 5H3N) + H3N = (H4N+ • 6H3N)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 27. | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Arshadi and Futrell, 1974 | gas phase |
| ΔrH° | 30. | kJ/mol | MKER | Wei, Tzeng, et al., 1990 | gas phase; from graph |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 91.6 | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Arshadi and Futrell, 1974 | gas phase |
( • 5
) +
= (
• 6
)
By formula: (H4N+ • 5H2O) + H2O = (H4N+ • 6H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 38. | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 92. | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984 | gas phase |
Free energy of reaction
| ΔrG° (kJ/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 13. | 266. | PHPMS | Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984 | gas phase |
( • 6
) +
= (
• 7
)
By formula: (H4N+ • 6H2O) + H2O = (H4N+ • 7H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 35. | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 92. | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984 | gas phase |
Free energy of reaction
| ΔrG° (kJ/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12. | 254. | PHPMS | Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984 | gas phase |
+
= (
•
)
By formula: H4N+ + CHN = (H4N+ • CHN)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 91.6 | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Deakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994 | gas phase |
| ΔrH° | 85.8 | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Speller and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 97.9 | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Deakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994 | gas phase |
| ΔrS° | 84.5 | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Speller and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985 | gas phase |
( • 2
) +
= (
•
• 2
)
By formula: (H4N+ • 2H3N) + CHN = (H4N+ • CHN • 2H3N)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 56.1 | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Deakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 76.6 | J/mol*K | N/A | Deakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated |
( •
• 2
) +
= (
• 2
• 2
)
By formula: (H4N+ • H3N • 2H2O) + H3N = (H4N+ • 2H3N • 2H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 65.7 | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 142. | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973 | gas phase |
( •
• 2
) +
= (
• 2
• 2
)
By formula: (H4N+ • H2O • 2H3N) + H2O = (H4N+ • 2H2O • 2H3N)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 49.0 | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 116. | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973 | gas phase |
( • 2
•
) +
= (
• 3
•
)
By formula: (H4N+ • 2H3N • H2O) + H3N = (H4N+ • 3H3N • H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 62.8 | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 144. | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973 | gas phase |
( • 2
•
) +
= (
• 3
•
)
By formula: (H4N+ • 2H2O • H3N) + H2O = (H4N+ • 3H2O • H3N)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 51.0 | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 119. | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973 | gas phase |
( •
•
) +
= (
• 2
•
)
By formula: (H4N+ • H3N • H2O) + H3N = (H4N+ • 2H3N • H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 71.5 | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 133. | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973 | gas phase |
( •
•
) +
= (
• 2
•
)
By formula: (H4N+ • H2O • H3N) + H2O = (H4N+ • 2H2O • H3N)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 53.1 | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 105. | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973 | gas phase |
( • 2
) +
= (
•
• 2
)
By formula: (H4N+ • 2H3N) + H2O = (H4N+ • H2O • 2H3N)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 51.9 | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 103. | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973 | gas phase |
( • 2
) +
= (
•
• 2
)
By formula: (H4N+ • 2H2O) + H3N = (H4N+ • H3N • 2H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 76.1 | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 127. | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973 | gas phase |
( • 3
) +
= (
•
• 3
)
By formula: (H4N+ • 3H3N) + H2O = (H4N+ • H2O • 3H3N)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 49.0 | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 117. | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973 | gas phase |
( • 3
) +
= (
•
• 3
)
By formula: (H4N+ • 3H2O) + H3N = (H4N+ • H3N • 3H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 72.4 | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 147. | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973 | gas phase |
( • 2
•
) +
= (
• 3
•
)
By formula: (H4N+ • 2H2O • O2S) + H2O = (H4N+ • 3H2O • O2S)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrG° | 22. | kJ/mol | HPMS | Banic and Iribarne, 1985 | gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction, electric fields |
( •
) +
= (
•
•
)
By formula: (H4N+ • H3N) + H2O = (H4N+ • H2O • H3N)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 54.0 | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 84.9 | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973 | gas phase |
( •
•
) +
= (
• 2
•
)
By formula: (H4N+ • H2O • O2S) + H2O = (H4N+ • 2H2O • O2S)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrG° | 31. | kJ/mol | HPMS | Banic and Iribarne, 1985 | gas phase; From thermochemical cycle,switching reaction, electric fields |
( •
) +
= (
•
•
)
By formula: (H4N+ • H2O) + H3N = (H4N+ • H3N • H2O)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 77.0 | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 96.2 | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973 | gas phase |
( •
) +
= (
•
•
)
By formula: (H4N+ • C4H10O2) + H3N = (H4N+ • H3N • C4H10O2)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 58.6 | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1996 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 81.2 | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1996 | gas phase |
+
= (
•
)
By formula: H4N+ + C4H10O2 = (H4N+ • C4H10O2)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 160. ± 10. | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1996 | gas phase; possible ether decomposition |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 150. | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1996 | gas phase; possible ether decomposition |
+
= (
•
)
By formula: H4N+ + CH4 = (H4N+ • CH4)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 15. | kJ/mol | HPMS | Bennet and Field, 1972 | gas phase; Entropy change is questionable |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 64.9 | J/mol*K | HPMS | Bennet and Field, 1972 | gas phase; Entropy change is questionable |
+
= (
•
)
By formula: H4N+ + H2S = (H4N+ • H2S)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 47.7 | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sieck, 1985 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 69.9 | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sieck, 1985 | gas phase |
( • 2
•
) +
= (
• 3
•
)
By formula: (H4N+ • 2CHN • H3N) + CHN = (H4N+ • 3CHN • H3N)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 53.6 | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Deakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 101. | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Deakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994 | gas phase |
( •
•
) +
= (
• 2
•
)
By formula: (H4N+ • CHN • H3N) + CHN = (H4N+ • 2CHN • H3N)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 51.0 | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Deakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994 | gas phase |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrS° | 81.2 | J/mol*K | PHPMS | Deakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994 | gas phase |
( • 2
•
) +
= (
• 3
•
)
By formula: (H4N+ • 2H3N • C2H3N) + H3N = (H4N+ • 3H3N • C2H3N)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 56.9 | kJ/mol | MKER | Tzeng, Wei, et al., 1991 | gas phase; from graph |
( • 3
•
) +
= (
• 4
•
)
By formula: (H4N+ • 3H3N • C2H3N) + H3N = (H4N+ • 4H3N • C2H3N)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 31. | kJ/mol | MKER | Tzeng, Wei, et al., 1991 | gas phase; from graph |
( • 4
•
) +
= (
• 5
•
)
By formula: (H4N+ • 4H3N • C2H3N) + H3N = (H4N+ • 5H3N • C2H3N)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 29. | kJ/mol | MKER | Tzeng, Wei, et al., 1991 | gas phase; from graph |
( • 5
•
) +
= (
• 6
•
)
By formula: (H4N+ • 5H3N • C2H3N) + H3N = (H4N+ • 6H3N • C2H3N)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 25. | kJ/mol | MKER | Tzeng, Wei, et al., 1991 | gas phase; from graph |
( • 6
•
) +
= (
• 7
•
)
By formula: (H4N+ • 6H3N • C2H3N) + H3N = (H4N+ • 7H3N • C2H3N)
Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 23. | kJ/mol | MKER | Tzeng, Wei, et al., 1991 | gas phase; from graph |
References
Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Fehsenfeld and Ferguson, 1973
Fehsenfeld, F.C.; Ferguson, E.E.,
Thermal Energy Positive Ion Reactions in a Wet Atmosphere Containing Ammonia,
J. Chem. Phys., 1973, 59, 12, 6272, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1680006
. [all data]
Puckett and Teague, 1971
Puckett, L.J.; Teague, M.W.,
Ion-Molecule Reactions in NO - NH3 Gas Mixtures,
J. Chem. Phys., 1971, 54, 11, 4860, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1674763
. [all data]
Tang and Castleman, 1975
Tang, I.N.; Castleman, A.W.,
Gas - Phase Solvation of the Ammonium Ion in Ammonia,
J. Chem. Phys., 1975, 62, 11, 4576, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.430331
. [all data]
Arshadi and Futrell, 1974
Arshadi, M.R.; Futrell, J.H.,
Studies in High - Pressure Mass Spectrometry. V. Thermodynamics of Solvation Reactions. NH4+ - NH3,
J. Phys. Chem., 1974, 78, 15, 1482, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100608a008
. [all data]
Long and Franklin, 1973
Long, J.W.; Franklin, J.L.,
Ion-Cluster Reactions in a Drift Tube Ion Source,
Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys, 1973, 12, 5, 403, https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7381(73)80025-7
. [all data]
Searles and Kebarle, 1968
Searles, S.K.; Kebarle, P.,
Ion-Solvent-Molecule Interactions in the Gas Phase. Enthalpies and Entropies for the Reactions NH4+(NH3)(n-1) + NH3 = NH4+(NH3)n,
J. Phys. Chem., 1968, 72, 2, 742, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100848a061
. [all data]
Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973
Payzant, J.D.; Cunningham, A.J.; Kebarle, P.,
Gas - Phase Solvation of Ammonium Ion by NH3 and H2O and Stabilities of Mixed Clusters NH4+(NH3)n(H2O)w,
Can. J. Chem., 1973, 51, 19, 3242, https://doi.org/10.1139/v73-485
. [all data]
Wincel, 1972
Wincel, H.,
Ion-Molecule Reactions in Ammonia at High Pressures,
Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1972, 9, 3, 267, https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7381(72)80053-6
. [all data]
Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1986
Meot-Ner (Mautner), M.; Speller, C.V.,
The Filling of Solvent Shells in Cluster Ions: Thermochemical Criteria nd the Effects of Isomeric Clusters,
J. Phys. Chem., 1986, 90, 25, 6616, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100283a006
. [all data]
Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1984
Meot-Ner (Mautner), M.,
The Ionic Hydrogen Bond and Ion Solvation. 2. Hydration of Onium Ions by 1 - 7 H2O Molecules. Relations Between Monomolecular, Specific and Bulk Hydration,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1984, 106, 5, 1265, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00317a016
. [all data]
Banic and Iribarne, 1985
Banic, C.M.; Iribarne, J.V.,
Equilibrium Constants for Clustering of Neutral Molecules about Gaseous Ions,
J. Chem. Phys., 1985, 83, 12, 6432, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.449543
. [all data]
Wei, Tzeng, et al., 1990
Wei, S.; Tzeng, W.B.; Castleman, A.W.,
Kinetic Energy Release Measurements of Ammonia Cluster Ions During Metastable Decomposition and Determination of Cluster Ion Binding Energies,
J. Chem. Phys., 1990, 92, 1, 332, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.458434
. [all data]
Kamke, Herrmann, et al., 1988
Kamke, W.; Herrmann, R.; Wang, Z.; Hertel, I.V.,
On the Photoionization and Fragmentation of Ammonia Clusters using TPEPICO,
Z. Phys. D., 1988, 10, 4, 491, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01425768
. [all data]
Hogg, Haynes, et al., 1966
Hogg, A.M.; Haynes, R.M.; Kebarle, P.,
Ion-Solvent Molecule Interactions Studied in the Gas Phase. Heats and Entropies of Individual Steps. NH4+.(n-1)NH3 = NH4+.nNH3,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1966, 88, 1, 28, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00953a006
. [all data]
Deakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994
Deakyne, C.A.; Knuth, D.M.; Speller, C.V.; Meot-Ner (Mautner), M.; Sieck, L.W.,
Filling of Solvent Shells about Ions. Part 3. Isomeric Clusters of (HCN)n(NH3)mH+,
J. Mol. Structure (Theochem), 1994, 307, 217, https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-1280(94)80130-4
. [all data]
Speller and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985
Speller, C.V.; Meot-Ner (Mautner), M.,
The Ionic Hydrogen Bond and Ion Solvation. 3. Bonds Involving Cyanides. Correlations with Proton Affinites,
J. Phys. Chem., 1985, 81, 24, 5217, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100270a020
. [all data]
Deakyne and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985
Deakyne, C.A.; Meot-Ner (Mautner), M.,
Unconventional Ionic Hydrogen Bonds. 2. NH+ pi. Complexes of Onium Ions with Olefins and Benzene Derivatives,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1985, 107, 2, 474, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00288a034
. [all data]
Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1996
Meot-Ner (Mautner), M.; Sieck, L.W.; Liebman, J.F.; Scheiner, S.,
Complexing of the Ammonium Ion by Polyethers. Comparative Complexing Thermochemistry of Ammonium, Hydronium, and Alkali Cations,
J. Phys. Chem., 1996, 100, 16, 6445, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp9514943
. [all data]
Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sieck, 1991
Meot-Ner (Mautner), M.; Sieck, L.W.,
Proton affinity ladders from variable-temperature equilibrium measurements. 1. A reevaluation of the upper proton affinity range,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1991, 113, 12, 4448, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00012a012
. [all data]
Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sieck, 1990
Meot-Ner (Mautner), M.; Sieck, L.W.,
Ion Thermochemistry at High Temperatures. 1. Thermochemistry of the Ammonium Ion from Variable - Temperature Equilibrium Measurements. Proton Transfer, Association, and Decomposition Reactions in Ammonia, Isobutene, and t-Butylamine,
J. Phys. Chem., 1990, 94, 19, 7730, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100382a076
. [all data]
Bennet and Field, 1972
Bennet, S.L.; Field, F.H.,
Reversible Reactions of Gaseous Ions. VI. The NH3 - CH4, H2S - CH4 and CF4 - CH4 Systems at Low Temperatures,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1972, 94, 18, 6305, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00773a009
. [all data]
Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sieck, 1985
Meot-Ner (Mautner), M.; Sieck, L.W.,
The Ionic Hydrogen Bond and Ion Solvation. 4. SH+ O and NH+ S Bonds. Correlations with Proton Affinity. Mutual Effects of Weak and Strong Ligands in Mixed Clusters,
J. Phys. Chem., 1985, 89, 24, 5222, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100270a021
. [all data]
Tzeng, Wei, et al., 1991
Tzeng, W.B.; Wei, S.; Castleman, A.W.,
Stability, Structure and Binding - Energies of Solvated Cluster Ions - Ammonia Acetonitrile and Ammonia Acetaldehyde Systems,
J. Phys. Chem., 1991, 95, 15, 5757, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100168a011
. [all data]
Notes
Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, References
- Symbols used in this document:
T Temperature ΔrG° Free energy of reaction at standard conditions ΔrH° Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions ΔrS° Entropy of reaction at standard conditions - Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
- The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database.
- Customer support for NIST Standard Reference Data products.