Ethylene

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Gas phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Phase change data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
GT - Glushko Thermocenter, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfgas12.54kcal/molReviewChase, 1998Data last reviewed in September, 1965
Δfgas12.5 ± 0.1kcal/molReviewManion, 2002adopted recommendation of Gurvich, Veyts, et al., 1991; DRB
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δcgas-337.285 ± 0.072kcal/molCmRossini and Knowlton, 1937Reanalyzed by Cox and Pilcher, 1970, Original value = -337.230 ± 0.072 kcal/mol; Corresponding Δfgas = 12.55 kcal/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections); ALS
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
gas,1 bar52.419cal/mol*KReviewChase, 1998Data last reviewed in September, 1965

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

Cp,gas (cal/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
7.94950.Thermodynamics Research Center, 1997p=1 bar. Recommended entropies and heat capacities are in good agreement with those obtained from other statistical thermodynamics calculations [ Chao J., 1975, Gurvich, Veyts, et al., 1989] as well as with ab initio value of S(298.15 K)=219.14 J/mol*K [ East A.L.L., 1997].; GT
7.952100.
8.045150.
8.454200.
9.704273.15
10.25298.15
10.30300.
12.68400.
14.93500.
16.89600.
18.57700.
20.03800.
21.31900.
22.441000.
23.421100.
24.2851200.
25.0381300.
25.7001400.
26.2811500.
27.4401750.
28.2912000.
28.9272250.
29.4122500.
29.7852750.
30.0813000.

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

Cp,gas (cal/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
8.284 ± 0.062178.15Burcik E.J., 1941Other experimental values of heat capacity [ Haas M.E., 1932] are less accurate, see [ Chao J., 1975]. Please also see Eucken A., 1933.; GT
8.437 ± 0.062192.35
8.674 ± 0.065210.40
8.975 ± 0.067230.90
9.326 ± 0.069250.60
9.739 ± 0.005270.7
9.804 ± 0.074271.80
10.24 ± 0.076293.45
10.39 ± 0.041300.0
10.99 ± 0.01320.7
11.89 ± 0.088367.7
14.16 ± 0.11463.6

Gas Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)

Cp° = A + B*t + C*t2 + D*t3 + E/t2
H° − H°298.15= A*t + B*t2/2 + C*t3/3 + D*t4/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t2/2 + D*t3/3 − E/(2*t2) + G
    Cp = heat capacity (cal/mol*K)
    H° = standard enthalpy (kcal/mol)
    S° = standard entropy (cal/mol*K)
    t = temperature (K) / 1000.

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Temperature (K) 298. to 1200.1200. to 6000.
A -1.52674025.45660
B 44.073113.282171
C -27.00091-0.628222
D 6.8106910.041729
E 0.075416-6.248731
F 11.51370-8.451810
G 38.9954165.73671
H 12.5399012.53990
ReferenceChase, 1998Chase, 1998
Comment Data last reviewed in September, 1965 Data last reviewed in September, 1965

Phase change data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tboil169. ± 1.KAVGN/AAverage of 9 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tfus103.8KN/AStreng, 1971Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.2 K; TRC
Tfus103.7KN/AKistiakowsky, Romeyn, et al., 1935Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.5 K; TRC
Tfus103.7KN/AParks and Huffman, 1931Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 1. K; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Ttriple104.0 ± 0.1KAVGN/AAverage of 9 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Ptriple0.0012atmN/AJahangiri, Jacobsen, et al., 1986Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.00005 atm; TRC
Ptriple0.0012atmN/AJahangiri, 1984TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tc282.5 ± 0.5KAVGN/AAverage of 10 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Pc49.9 ± 0.5atmAVGN/AAverage of 10 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Vc0.1311l/molN/ATsonopoulos and Ambrose, 1996 
Vc0.13099l/molN/AJahangiri, 1984Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.00002 l/mol; TRC
Vc0.13098l/molN/ADouslin and Harrison, 1976Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.0001 l/mol; TRC
Vc0.12868l/molN/AAngus, Armstrong, et al., 1974Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.0001 l/mol; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ρc7.63 ± 0.004mol/lN/ATsonopoulos and Ambrose, 1996 
ρc7.6334mol/lN/AJahangiri, Jacobsen, et al., 1986Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.004 mol/l; TRC
ρc7.6341mol/lN/AHastings, Levelt Sengers, et al., 1980Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.0007 mol/l; PVT, Burnett apparatus, Unct. value one standard deviation from fitting.; TRC
ρc18.894mol/lN/AAngus, Armstrong, et al., 1974Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.007 mol/l; TRC
ρc7.6986mol/lN/AMathias, Crommelin, et al., 1929Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.02 mol/l; TRC

Enthalpy of vaporization

ΔvapH (kcal/mol) Temperature (K) Method Reference Comment
3.2371169.40N/AEgan and Kemp, 1937DH
3.35267.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 252. to 282. K.; AC
3.27258.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 170. to 273. K.; AC
3.44155.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 120. to 170. K.; AC
3.27196.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 169. to 211. K.; AC
3.25239.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 209. to 254. K.; AC
3.37167.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 120. to 182. K. See also Dykyj, 1970.; AC
3.35175.N/AMichels and Wassenaar, 1950Based on data from 150. to 190. K.; AC
3.42161.N/ALamb and Roper, 1940Based on data from 148. to 174. K.; AC
3.44156.N/AEgan and Kemp, 1937Based on data from 124. to 171. K.; AC

Entropy of vaporization

ΔvapS (cal/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
19.11169.40Egan and Kemp, 1937DH

Antoine Equation Parameters

log10(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (atm)
    T = temperature (K)

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Temperature (K) A B C Reference Comment
149.37 to 188.573.86690584.146-18.307Michels and Wassenaar, 1950Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.

Enthalpy of sublimation

ΔsubH (kcal/mol) Temperature (K) Method Reference Comment
4.4091.5A,MSStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 79. to 104. K. See also Tickner and Lossing, 1951.; AC
3.5977. to 103.N/AMenaucourt, 1982AC

Enthalpy of fusion

ΔfusH (kcal/mol) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
0.8009103.97Chao, Hall, et al., 1983DH
0.8009103.95Egan and Kemp, 1937DH
0.801104.Domalski and Hearing, 1996AC

Entropy of fusion

ΔfusS (cal/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
7.703103.97Chao, Hall, et al., 1983DH
7.703103.95Egan and Kemp, 1937DH

In addition to the Thermodynamics Research Center (TRC) data available from this site, much more physical and chemical property data is available from the following TRC products:


Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

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Additional Data

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Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce
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NIST MS number 18814

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Gas Chromatography

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal

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Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
CapillaryOV-120.166.Nijs and Jacobs, 1981He; Column length: 150. m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm
CapillarySqualane40.175.Matukuma, 1969N2; Column length: 91.4 m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSqualane27.177.Hively and Hinton, 1968He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSqualane49.177.Hively and Hinton, 1968He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSqualane67.178.Hively and Hinton, 1968He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSqualane86.178.Hively and Hinton, 1968He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryPetrocol DH-100178.1Haagen-Smit Laboratory, 1997He; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Program: 5C(10min) => 5C/min => 50C(48min) => 1.5C/min => 195C(91min)
CapillaryDB-1164.Hoekman, 199360. m/0.32 mm/1.0 μm, He; Program: -40 C for 12 min; -40 - 125 C at 3 deg.min; 125-185 C at 6 deg/min; 185 - 220 C at 20 deg/min; hold 220 C for 2 min

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryChromosorb 101183.Voorhees, Hileman, et al., 197510. K/min; Tstart: 0. C; Tend: 220. C

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryPetrocol DH158.Supelco, 2012100. m/0.25 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 20. C @ 15. min, 15. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min
CapillaryOV-101166.Zenkevich, 200525. m/0.20 mm/0.10 μm, N2/He, 6. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryOV-101165.Chupalov and Zenkevich, 1996N2, 3. K/min; Column length: 52. m; Column diameter: 0.26 mm; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 220. C

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryMethyl Silicone178.Chen and Feng, 2007Program: not specified
CapillaryPorapack Q180.Zenkevich and Rodin, 2004Program: not specified
CapillaryMethyl Silicone166.Zenkevich, 2000Program: not specified
CapillarySPB-1165.Flanagan, Streete, et al., 199760. m/0.53 mm/5. μm, He; Program: 40C(6min) => 5C/min => 80C => 10C/min => 200C
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxanes165.Zenkevich, 1997Program: not specified
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxanes165.Zenkevich, Chupalov, et al., 1996Program: not specified
CapillarySPB-1165.Strete, Ruprah, et al., 199260. m/0.53 mm/5.0 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (6 min) 5 0C/min -> 80 0C 10 0C/min -> 200 0C
PackedSE-30188.Robinson and Odell, 1971N2, Chromosorb W; Column length: 6.1 m; Program: 50C910min) => 20C/min => 90(6min) => 10C/min => 150C(hold)
PackedSqualane180.Robinson and Odell, 1971N2, Embacel; Column length: 3.0 m; Program: 25C(5min) => 2C/min => 35 => 4C/min => 95C(hold)

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Chase, 1998
Chase, M.W., Jr., NIST-JANAF Themochemical Tables, Fourth Edition, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Monograph 9, 1998, 1-1951. [all data]

Manion, 2002
Manion, J.A., Evaluated Enthalpies of Formation of the Stable Closed Shell C1 and C2 Chlorinated Hydrocarbons, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 2002, 31, 1, 123-172, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1420703 . [all data]

Gurvich, Veyts, et al., 1991
Thermodynamic Properties of Individual Substances, 4th edition, Volume 2, Gurvich, L.V.; Veyts, I.V.; Alcock, C.B.;, ed(s)., Hemisphere, New York, 1991. [all data]

Rossini and Knowlton, 1937
Rossini, F.d.; Knowlton, J.W., Calorimetric determination of the heats of combustion of ethylene and propylene, J. Res. NBS, 1937, 19, 249-262. [all data]

Cox and Pilcher, 1970
Cox, J.D.; Pilcher, G., Thermochemistry of Organic and Organometallic Compounds, Academic Press, New York, 1970, 1-636. [all data]

Thermodynamics Research Center, 1997
Thermodynamics Research Center, Selected Values of Properties of Chemical Compounds., Thermodynamics Research Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 1997. [all data]

Chao J., 1975
Chao J., Ideal gas thermodynamic properties of ethylene and propylene, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1975, 4, 251-261. [all data]

Gurvich, Veyts, et al., 1989
Gurvich, L.V.; Veyts, I.V.; Alcock, C.B., Thermodynamic Properties of Individual Substances, 4th ed.; Vols. 1 and 2, Hemisphere, New York, 1989. [all data]

East A.L.L., 1997
East A.L.L., Ab initio statistical thermodynamical models for the computation of third-law entropies, J. Chem. Phys., 1997, 106, 6655-6674. [all data]

Burcik E.J., 1941
Burcik E.J., The vibrational energy levels and specific heat of ethylene, J. Chem. Phys., 1941, 9, 118-119. [all data]

Haas M.E., 1932
Haas M.E., The heat capacity and free energy of formation of ethylene gas, J. Phys. Chem., 1932, 36, 2127-2132. [all data]

Eucken A., 1933
Eucken A., Molar heats and normal frequencies of ethane and ethylene, Z. Phys. Chem., 1933, B20, 184-194. [all data]

Streng, 1971
Streng, A.G., Miscibility and Compatibility of Some Liquid and Solidified Gases at Low Temperature, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1971, 16, 357. [all data]

Kistiakowsky, Romeyn, et al., 1935
Kistiakowsky, G.B.; Romeyn, H.; Ruhoff, J.R.; Smith, H.A.; Vaughan, W.E., Heats of Organic Reactions. I. The Apparatus and the Heat of Hydrogenation of Ethylene, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1935, 57, 65. [all data]

Parks and Huffman, 1931
Parks, G.S.; Huffman, H.M., Some fusion and transition data for hydrocarbons, Ind. Eng. Chem., 1931, 23, 1138-9. [all data]

Jahangiri, Jacobsen, et al., 1986
Jahangiri, M.; Jacobsen, R.T.; Stewart, R.B.; McCarty, R.D., Thermodynamic Properties of Ethylene from the Freezing Line to 450 K at Pressures to 260 MPa, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1986, 15, 593. [all data]

Jahangiri, 1984
Jahangiri, M., A thermodynamic property formulation for ethylene from the freezing line to 450 K at pressures to 260 MPa, Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. Idaho, Moscow, 1984. [all data]

Tsonopoulos and Ambrose, 1996
Tsonopoulos, C.; Ambrose, D., Vapor-Liquid Critical Properties of Elements and Compounds. 6. Unsaturated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1996, 41, 645-656. [all data]

Douslin and Harrison, 1976
Douslin, D.R.; Harrison, R.H., Pressure, Volume, Temperature Relations of Ethylene, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1976, 8, 301-330. [all data]

Angus, Armstrong, et al., 1974
Angus, S.; Armstrong, B.; de Reuck, K.M., International Thermodynamic Tables of the Fluid State - 2 Ethylene, Butterworths, London, 1974. [all data]

Hastings, Levelt Sengers, et al., 1980
Hastings, J.R.; Levelt Sengers, J.M.H.; Balfour, F.W., The critical=region equation of state of ethene and the effect of small impurities, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1980, 12, 1009-45. [all data]

Mathias, Crommelin, et al., 1929
Mathias, E.; Crommelin, C.-A.; Watts, H.G., Actes Veme Congress International Du Froid 2, 66, 1929. [all data]

Egan and Kemp, 1937
Egan, C.J.; Kemp, J.D., Ethylene. The heat capacity from 15°K to the boiling point. The heats of fusion and vaporization. The vapor pressure of the liquid. The entropy from thermal measurements compared with the entropy from spectroscopic data, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1937, 59, 1264-1268. [all data]

Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw, Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2 . [all data]

Dykyj, 1970
Dykyj, J., Petrochemica, 1970, 10, 2, 51. [all data]

Michels and Wassenaar, 1950
Michels, A.; Wassenaar, T., The vapour pressure of ethylene, Physica, 1950, 16, 3, 221-224, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-8914(50)90018-8 . [all data]

Lamb and Roper, 1940
Lamb, Arthur B.; Roper, Edwin E., The Vapor Pressures of Certain Unsaturated Hydrocarbons, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1940, 62, 4, 806-814, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01861a032 . [all data]

Tickner and Lossing, 1951
Tickner, A.W.; Lossing, F.P., The Measurement of Low Vapor Pressures by Means of a Mass Spectrometer., J. Phys. Chem., 1951, 55, 5, 733-740, https://doi.org/10.1021/j150488a013 . [all data]

Menaucourt, 1982
Menaucourt, J., Saturated vapor pressure of ethylene from 77 to 119 K, J. Chim. Phys. Phys.-Chim. Biol., 1982, 79, 6, 531. [all data]

Chao, Hall, et al., 1983
Chao, J.; Hall, K.R.; Yao, J.M., Thermodynamic properties of simple alkenes, Thermochim. Acta, 1983, 64(3), 285-303. [all data]

Domalski and Hearing, 1996
Domalski, Eugene S.; Hearing, Elizabeth D., Heat Capacities and Entropies of Organic Compounds in the Condensed Phase. Volume III, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1996, 25, 1, 1, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.555985 . [all data]

Nijs and Jacobs, 1981
Nijs, H.H.; Jacobs, P.A., On-Line Single Run Analysis of Effluents from a Fischer-Tropsch Reactor, J. Chromatogr. Sci., 1981, 19, 1, 40-45, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/19.1.40 . [all data]

Matukuma, 1969
Matukuma, A., Retention indices of alkanes through C10 and alkenes through C8 and relation between boiling points and retention data, Gas Chromatogr., Int. Symp. Anal. Instrum. Div Instrum Soc. Amer., 1969, 7, 55-75. [all data]

Hively and Hinton, 1968
Hively, R.A.; Hinton, R.E., Variation of the retention index with temperature on squalane substrates, J. Gas Chromatogr., 1968, 6, 4, 203-217, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/6.4.203 . [all data]

Haagen-Smit Laboratory, 1997
Haagen-Smit Laboratory, Procedure for the detailed hydrocarbon analysis of gasolines by single column high efficiency (capillary) column gas chromatography, SOP NO. MLD 118, Revision No. 1.1, California Environmental Protection Agency, Air Resources Board, El Monte, California, 1997, 22. [all data]

Hoekman, 1993
Hoekman, S.K., Improved gas chromatography procedure for speciated hydrocarbon measurements of vehicle emissions, J. Chromatogr., 1993, 639, 2, 239-253, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(93)80260-F . [all data]

Voorhees, Hileman, et al., 1975
Voorhees, K.J.; Hileman, F.D.; Einhorn, I.N., Generation of retention index standards by pyrolysis of hydrocarbons, Anal. Chem., 1975, 47, 14, 2385-2389, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60364a035 . [all data]

Supelco, 2012
Supelco, CatalogNo. 24160-U, Petrocol DH Columns. Catalog No. 24160-U, 2012, retrieved from http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/etc/medialib/docs/Supelco/Datasheet/1/w97949.Par.0001.File.tmp/w97949.pdf. [all data]

Zenkevich, 2005
Zenkevich, I.G., Experimentally measured retention indices., 2005. [all data]

Chupalov and Zenkevich, 1996
Chupalov, A.A.; Zenkevich, I.G., Chromatographic Characterization of Structural Transformations of Organic Compounds in Diels-Alder Reaction. Aliphatic Dienes and Dienophyls, Zh. Org. Khim., 1996, 32, 6, 675-684. [all data]

Chen and Feng, 2007
Chen, Y.; Feng, C., QSPR study on gas chromatography retention index of some organic pollutants, Comput. Appl. Chem. (China), 2007, 24, 10, 1404-1408. [all data]

Zenkevich and Rodin, 2004
Zenkevich, I.G.; Rodin, A.A., Gas chromatographic identification of some volatile toxic fluorine containing compounds by precalculated retention indices, J. Ecol. Chem. (Rus.), 2004, 13, 1, 22-28. [all data]

Zenkevich, 2000
Zenkevich, I.G., Mutual Correlation between Gas Chromatographic Retention Indices of Unsaturated and Saturated Hydrocarbons found by Molecular Dynamics, Z. Anal. Chem., 2000, 55, 10, 1091-1097. [all data]

Flanagan, Streete, et al., 1997
Flanagan, R.J.; Streete, P.J.; Ramsey, J.D., Volatile Substance Abuse, UNODC Technical Series, No 5, United Nations, Office on Drugs and Crime, Vienna International Centre, PO Box 500, A-1400 Vienna, Austria, 1997, 56, retrieved from http://www.odccp.org/pdf/technicalseries1997-01-011.pdf. [all data]

Zenkevich, 1997
Zenkevich, I.G., Influence of the Variations of Dynamics Molecular Parameterts on the Additivity of Chromatigraphic Retention Indices of Products of Organic Reactions Relative to Initial Reagents, Dokl. Akad. Nauk (Rus.), 1997, 353, 5, 625-627. [all data]

Zenkevich, Chupalov, et al., 1996
Zenkevich, I.G.; Chupalov, A.A.; Herzschuh, R., Correlation of the Increments of Gas Chromatographic Retention Indices with the Differences of Innermolecular Energies of Reagents and Products of Chemical Reactions, Zh. Org. Khim. (Rus.), 1996, 32, 11, 1685-1691. [all data]

Strete, Ruprah, et al., 1992
Strete, P.J.; Ruprah, M.; Ramsey, J.D.; Flanagan, R.J., Detection and identification of volatile substances by headspace capillary gas chromatography to aid the diagnosis of acute poisoning, Analyst, 1992, 117, 7, 1111-1127, https://doi.org/10.1039/an9921701111 . [all data]

Robinson and Odell, 1971
Robinson, P.G.; Odell, A.L., A system of standard retention indices and its uses. The characterisation of stationary phases and the prediction of retention indices, J. Chromatogr., 1971, 57, 1-10, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(71)80001-8 . [all data]


Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References