Methane

• Formula: CH₄
• Molecular weight: 16.0425
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/CH4/h1H4 Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 74-82-8
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
  The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
• Other names: Marsh gas; Methyl hydride; CH4; Fire Damp; R 50; Biogas; R 50 (refrigerant)
• Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
• Information on this page:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Reaction thermochemistry data (reactions 1 to 50)
  • IR Spectrum
  • References
  • Notes
• Other data available:
  • Phase change data
  • Reaction thermochemistry data: reactions 51 to 100, reactions 101 to 112
  • Henry's Law data
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • Ion clustering data
  • Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
  • Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels
  • Fluid Properties
• Data at other public NIST sites:
  • Microwave spectra (on physics lab web site)
  • Electron-Impact Ionization Cross Sections (on physics web site)
  • Gas Phase Kinetics Database
• Options:
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Gas phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
GT - Glushko Thermocenter, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

Gas Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)

C_p° = A + B*t + C*t² + D*t³ + E/t²
H° − H°_298.15= A*t + B*t²/2 + C*t³/3 + D*t⁴/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t²/2 + D*t³/3 − E/(2*t²) + G
    C_p = heat capacity (cal/mol*K)
    H° = standard enthalpy (kcal/mol)
    S° = standard entropy (cal/mol*K)
    t = temperature (K) / 1000.

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Reaction thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
MS - José A. Martinho Simões
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Reactions 1 to 50

CH₃^- +  =

By formula: CH₃^- + H⁺ = CH₄

(CH₅⁺ • ) +  = (CH₅⁺ • 2)

By formula: (CH₅⁺ • CH₄) + CH₄ = (CH₅⁺ • 2CH₄)

CH₅⁺ +  = (CH₅⁺ • )

By formula: CH₅⁺ + CH₄ = (CH₅⁺ • CH₄)

C₂H₅⁺ +  = (C₂H₅⁺ • )

By formula: C₂H₅⁺ + CH₄ = (C₂H₅⁺ • CH₄)

( • 2) +  = ( • 3)

By formula: (Co⁺ • 2CH₄) + CH₄ = (Co⁺ • 3CH₄)

Enthalpy of reaction

Free energy of reaction

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Co⁺ + CH₄ = (Co⁺ • CH₄)

Enthalpy of reaction

( • ) +  = ( •  • )

By formula: (Co⁺ • CH₄) + H₂ = (Co⁺ • H₂ • CH₄)

Enthalpy of reaction

( • ) +  = ( •  • )

By formula: (Co⁺ • H₂) + CH₄ = (Co⁺ • CH₄ • H₂)

Enthalpy of reaction

 (g) = C₅MnO₅ (g) +  (g)

By formula: C₆H₃MnO₅ (g) = C₅MnO₅ (g) + CH₄ (g)

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (Co⁺ • CH₄) + CH₄ = (Co⁺ • 2CH₄)

Enthalpy of reaction

(CH₅⁺ • 2) +  = (CH₅⁺ • 3)

By formula: (CH₅⁺ • 2CH₄) + CH₄ = (CH₅⁺ • 3CH₄)

(CH₅⁺ • 3) +  = (CH₅⁺ • 4)

By formula: (CH₅⁺ • 3CH₄) + CH₄ = (CH₅⁺ • 4CH₄)

 (g) + CH₃BrMg (solution) =  (solution) + Br₂Mg (solution)

By formula: HBr (g) + CH₃BrMg (solution) = CH₄ (solution) + Br₂Mg (solution)

( • ) +  = ( •  • )

By formula: (Co⁺ • CH₄) + C₂H₆ = (Co⁺ • C₂H₆ • CH₄)

Enthalpy of reaction

C₆₃H₉₁CoN₁₃O₁₄P (solution) =  (solution) +  (solution)

By formula: C₆₃H₉₁CoN₁₃O₁₄P (solution) = C₆₃H₈₈CoN₁₄O₁₄P (solution) + CH₄ (solution)

C₃H₇⁺ +  = (C₃H₇⁺ • )

By formula: C₃H₇⁺ + CH₄ = (C₃H₇⁺ • CH₄)

 +  =  + 

By formula: HI + CH₃I = CH₄ + I₂

(C₂H₅⁺ • 9) +  = (C₂H₅⁺ • 10)

By formula: (C₂H₅⁺ • 9CH₄) + CH₄ = (C₂H₅⁺ • 10CH₄)

(C₃H₇⁺ • 7) +  = (C₃H₇⁺ • 8)

By formula: (C₃H₇⁺ • 7CH₄) + CH₄ = (C₃H₇⁺ • 8CH₄)

(C₄H₉⁺ • 8) +  = (C₄H₉⁺ • 9)

By formula: (C₄H₉⁺ • 8CH₄) + CH₄ = (C₄H₉⁺ • 9CH₄)

(CH₅⁺ • 8) +  = (CH₅⁺ • 9)

By formula: (CH₅⁺ • 8CH₄) + CH₄ = (CH₅⁺ • 9CH₄)

( • ) +  = ( •  • )

By formula: (Co⁺ • H₂O) + CH₄ = (Co⁺ • CH₄ • H₂O)

Enthalpy of reaction

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (H₃O⁺ • CH₄) + CH₄ = (H₃O⁺ • 2CH₄)

( • ) +  = ( •  • )

By formula: (Co⁺ • C₂H₆) + CH₄ = (Co⁺ • CH₄ • C₂H₆)

Enthalpy of reaction

 +  = ( • )

By formula: H₄N⁺ + CH₄ = (H₄N⁺ • CH₄)

 (g) +  (cr) =  (g) +  (cr)

By formula: HBr (g) + CH₃Li (cr) = CH₄ (g) + BrLi (cr)

2 +  =  + 2

By formula: 2H₂ + CH₂Cl₂ = CH₄ + 2HCl

 (l) + ( • 100) (solution) = 2 (g) + ( • 100) (solution)

By formula: C₂H₆Zn (l) + (H₂O₄S • 100H₂O) (solution) = 2CH₄ (g) + (O₄SZn • 100H₂O) (solution)

(CH₅⁺ • 4) +  = (CH₅⁺ • 5)

By formula: (CH₅⁺ • 4CH₄) + CH₄ = (CH₅⁺ • 5CH₄)

(CH₅⁺ • 5) +  = (CH₅⁺ • 6)

By formula: (CH₅⁺ • 5CH₄) + CH₄ = (CH₅⁺ • 6CH₄)

(CH₅⁺ • 6) +  = (CH₅⁺ • 7)

By formula: (CH₅⁺ • 6CH₄) + CH₄ = (CH₅⁺ • 7CH₄)

(CH₅⁺ • 7) +  = (CH₅⁺ • 8)

By formula: (CH₅⁺ • 7CH₄) + CH₄ = (CH₅⁺ • 8CH₄)

(C₂H₅⁺ • 2) +  = (C₂H₅⁺ • 3)

By formula: (C₂H₅⁺ • 2CH₄) + CH₄ = (C₂H₅⁺ • 3CH₄)

(C₂H₅⁺ • 3) +  = (C₂H₅⁺ • 4)

By formula: (C₂H₅⁺ • 3CH₄) + CH₄ = (C₂H₅⁺ • 4CH₄)

(C₂H₅⁺ • 4) +  = (C₂H₅⁺ • 5)

By formula: (C₂H₅⁺ • 4CH₄) + CH₄ = (C₂H₅⁺ • 5CH₄)

(C₂H₅⁺ • 5) +  = (C₂H₅⁺ • 6)

By formula: (C₂H₅⁺ • 5CH₄) + CH₄ = (C₂H₅⁺ • 6CH₄)

(C₂H₅⁺ • 6) +  = (C₂H₅⁺ • 7)

By formula: (C₂H₅⁺ • 6CH₄) + CH₄ = (C₂H₅⁺ • 7CH₄)

(C₂H₅⁺ • 7) +  = (C₂H₅⁺ • 8)

By formula: (C₂H₅⁺ • 7CH₄) + CH₄ = (C₂H₅⁺ • 8CH₄)

(C₂H₅⁺ • 8) +  = (C₂H₅⁺ • 9)

By formula: (C₂H₅⁺ • 8CH₄) + CH₄ = (C₂H₅⁺ • 9CH₄)

(C₃H₇⁺ • 2) +  = (C₃H₇⁺ • 3)

By formula: (C₃H₇⁺ • 2CH₄) + CH₄ = (C₃H₇⁺ • 3CH₄)

(C₃H₇⁺ • 3) +  = (C₃H₇⁺ • 4)

By formula: (C₃H₇⁺ • 3CH₄) + CH₄ = (C₃H₇⁺ • 4CH₄)

(C₃H₇⁺ • 4) +  = (C₃H₇⁺ • 5)

By formula: (C₃H₇⁺ • 4CH₄) + CH₄ = (C₃H₇⁺ • 5CH₄)

(C₃H₇⁺ • 5) +  = (C₃H₇⁺ • 6)

By formula: (C₃H₇⁺ • 5CH₄) + CH₄ = (C₃H₇⁺ • 6CH₄)

(C₃H₇⁺ • 6) +  = (C₃H₇⁺ • 7)

By formula: (C₃H₇⁺ • 6CH₄) + CH₄ = (C₃H₇⁺ • 7CH₄)

(C₄H₉⁺ • 2) +  = (C₄H₉⁺ • 3)

By formula: (C₄H₉⁺ • 2CH₄) + CH₄ = (C₄H₉⁺ • 3CH₄)

(C₄H₉⁺ • 3) +  = (C₄H₉⁺ • 4)

By formula: (C₄H₉⁺ • 3CH₄) + CH₄ = (C₄H₉⁺ • 4CH₄)

(C₄H₉⁺ • 4) +  = (C₄H₉⁺ • 5)

By formula: (C₄H₉⁺ • 4CH₄) + CH₄ = (C₄H₉⁺ • 5CH₄)

(C₄H₉⁺ • 5) +  = (C₄H₉⁺ • 6)

By formula: (C₄H₉⁺ • 5CH₄) + CH₄ = (C₄H₉⁺ • 6CH₄)

(C₄H₉⁺ • 6) +  = (C₄H₉⁺ • 7)

By formula: (C₄H₉⁺ • 6CH₄) + CH₄ = (C₄H₉⁺ • 7CH₄)

(C₄H₉⁺ • 7) +  = (C₄H₉⁺ • 8)

By formula: (C₄H₉⁺ • 7CH₄) + CH₄ = (C₄H₉⁺ • 8CH₄)

IR Spectrum

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Data compiled by: Coblentz Society, Inc.

• GAS (150 mmHg DILUTED TO A TOTAL PRESSURE OF 600 mmHg WITH N2); DOW KBr FOREPRISM; DIGITIZED BY NIST FROM HARD COPY (FROM TWO SEGMENTS); 4 cm^-1 resolution

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

• gas

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

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Ellison, G.B.; Engelking, P.C.; Lineberger, W.C., An experimental determination of the geometry and electron affinity of CH₃, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1978, 100, 2556. [all data]

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Graul, S.T.; Squires, R.R., Gas-Phase Acidities Derived from Threshold Energies for Activated Reactions, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1990, 112, 7, 2517, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00163a007 . [all data]

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Check, C.E.; Faust, T.O.; Bailey, J.M.; Wright, B.J.; Gilbert, T.M.; Sunderlin, L.S., Addition of Polarization and Diffuse Functions to the LANL2DZ Basis Set for P-Block Elements, J. Phys. Chem. A,, 2001, 105, 34, 8111, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp011945l . [all data]

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Notes

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• Symbols used in this document:
  

  Cp,gas	Constant pressure heat capacity of gas
  S°gas	Entropy of gas at standard conditions
  S°gas,1 bar	Entropy of gas at standard conditions (1 bar)
  T	Temperature
  ΔcH°gas	Enthalpy of combustion of gas at standard conditions
  ΔfH°gas	Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions
  ΔrG°	Free energy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔrH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔrS°	Entropy of reaction at standard conditions

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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