1,3-Butadiene
- Formula: C4H6
- Molecular weight: 54.0904
- IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C4H6/c1-3-4-2/h3-4H,1-2H2
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 106-99-0
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript. - Other names: α,γ-Butadiene; Biethylene; Bivinyl; Buta-1,3-diene; Butadiene; Divinyl; Erythrene; Pyrrolylene; Vinylethylene; CH2=CHCH=CH2; Butadieen; Buta-1,3-dieen; Butadien; Buta-1,3-dien; NCI-C50602
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Gas phase thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
GT - Glushko Thermocenter, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔfH°gas | 108.8 ± 0.79 | kJ/mol | Cm | Prosen, Maron, et al., 1951 | ALS |
| ΔfH°gas | 111.9 ± 0.96 | kJ/mol | Ccb | Prosen and Rossini, 1945 | ALS |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔcH°gas | -2540.4 ± 0.75 | kJ/mol | Cm | Prosen, Maron, et al., 1951 | Corresponding ΔfHºgas = 108.8 kJ/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections); ALS |
Constant pressure heat capacity of gas
| Cp,gas (J/mol*K) | Temperature (K) | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| 35.09 | 50. | Thermodynamics Research Center, 1997 | p=1 bar. Recommended values are in excellent agreement with experiment and other statistically calculated values [ Sverdlov L.M., 1962, Compton D.A.C., 1976]. Discrepancies with earlier calculations [ Aston J.D., 1946] and [ Godnev I., 1947] amount to 4.7 and 2.7 J/mol*K, respectively, in S(T) and 3.6 and 2.4 J/mol*K in Cp(T).; GT |
| 41.31 | 100. | ||
| 48.28 | 150. | ||
| 57.14 | 200. | ||
| 73.70 | 273.15 | ||
| 79.81 | 298.15 | ||
| 80.27 | 300. | ||
| 103.44 | 400. | ||
| 122.09 | 500. | ||
| 136.51 | 600. | ||
| 148.04 | 700. | ||
| 157.67 | 800. | ||
| 165.92 | 900. | ||
| 173.10 | 1000. | ||
| 179.36 | 1100. | ||
| 184.84 | 1200. | ||
| 189.64 | 1300. | ||
| 193.85 | 1400. | ||
| 197.54 | 1500. |
Reaction thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
B - John E. Bartmess
RCD - Robert C. Dunbar
Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.
Individual Reactions
+ 2
=
By formula: C4H6 + 2H2 = C4H10
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | -236.7 ± 0.42 | kJ/mol | Chyd | Kistiakowsky, Ruhoff, et al., 1936 | gas phase; Reanalyzed by Cox and Pilcher, 1970, Original value = -238.8 ± 0.4 kJ/mol; At 355 °K; ALS |
C4H5- + =
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 1672. ± 13. | kJ/mol | G+TS | Devisser, Dekoning, et al., 1995 | gas phase; B |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔrG° | 1637. ± 13. | kJ/mol | IMRB | Devisser, Dekoning, et al., 1995 | gas phase; B |
+
= (
•
)
By formula: Na+ + C4H6 = (Na+ • C4H6)
Free energy of reaction
| ΔrG° (kJ/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 43.1 | 298. | IMRE | McMahon and Ohanessian, 2000 | Anchor alanine=39.89; RCD |
(CAS Reg. No. 88032-19-3 • 4294967295) +
= CAS Reg. No. 88032-19-3
By formula: (CAS Reg. No. 88032-19-3 • 4294967295C4H6) + C4H6 = CAS Reg. No. 88032-19-3
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 61.5 ± 8.8 | kJ/mol | N/A | DePuy, Gronert, et al., 1989 | gas phase; B |
=
+
By formula: C8H8O3 = C4H6 + C4H2O3
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 283.62 ± 0.96 | kJ/mol | Cm | Ghitau, Ciopec, et al., 1983 | solid phase; At 65 to 90°C; ALS |
+
=
By formula: C4H6 + O2S = C4H6O2S
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | -74.9 | kJ/mol | Eqk | Mackle and McNally, 1969 | gas phase; ALS |
+
=
By formula: C4H6 + C4H2O3 = C8H8O3
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | -283.62 | kJ/mol | Cm | Ghitau, Ciopec, et al., 1983 | liquid phase; ALS |
+
=
By formula: C4H6 + O2S = C4H6O2S
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | -69.0 | kJ/mol | Eqk | Mackle and McNally, 1969 | gas phase; ALS |
=
By formula: C4H6 = C4H6
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | 53.47 ± 0.67 | kJ/mol | Ccb | Prosen, Maron, et al., 1949 | gas phase; ALS |
+
= (
•
)
By formula: Au+ + C4H6 = (Au+ • C4H6)
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | >310. | kJ/mol | IMRB | Schroeder, Hrusak, et al., 1995 | RCD |
IR Spectrum
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compiled by: Coblentz Society, Inc.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Data compiled by: Pamela M. Chu, Franklin R. Guenther, George C. Rhoderick, and Walter J. Lafferty
- gas; IFS66V (Bruker); 3-Term B-H Apodization
0.1250, 0.2410, 0.4820, 0.9640, 1.9290 cm-1 resolution - gas; IFS66V (Bruker); Boxcar Apodization
0.1250, 0.2410, 0.4820, 0.9640, 1.9290 cm-1 resolution - gas; IFS66V (Bruker); Happ Genzel Apodization
0.1250, 0.2410, 0.4820, 0.9640, 1.9290 cm-1 resolution - gas; IFS66V (Bruker); NB Strong Apodization
0.1250, 0.2410, 0.4820, 0.9640, 1.9290 cm-1 resolution - gas; IFS66V (Bruker); Triangular Apodization
0.1250, 0.2410, 0.4820, 0.9640, 1.9290 cm-1 resolution
Gas Chromatography
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal
| Column type | Active phase | Temperature (C) | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | BPX-5 | 30. | 400. | Aflalaye, Sternberg, et al., 1995 | 12. m/0.15 mm/0.25 μm, H2 |
| Capillary | BPX-5 | 30. | 400. | Aflalaye, Sternberg, et al., 1995 | 12. m/0.15 mm/0.25 μm, H2 |
| Capillary | CP Sil 5 CB | 20. | 394.3 | Do and Raulin, 1992 | 25. m/0.15 mm/2. μm, H2 |
| Capillary | SE-30 | 60. | 397. | Bredael, 1982 | Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm |
| Capillary | Squalane | 50. | 385.6 | Schröder, 1980 | |
| Packed | Squalane | 27. | 386. | Hively and Hinton, 1968 | He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
| Packed | Squalane | 49. | 386. | Hively and Hinton, 1968 | He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
| Packed | Squalane | 67. | 387. | Hively and Hinton, 1968 | He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
| Packed | Squalane | 86. | 388. | Hively and Hinton, 1968 | He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
| Packed | SE-30 | 70. | 405. | Widmer, 1967 | Diatoport S; Column length: 7.9 m |
| Packed | Squalane | 26. | 389. | Zulaïca and Guiochon, 1966 | Column length: 10. m |
Kovats' RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program
| Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | Petrocol DH-100 | 393. | Haagen-Smit Laboratory, 1997 | He; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Program: 5C(10min) => 5C/min => 50C(48min) => 1.5C/min => 195C(91min) |
| Capillary | DB-1 | 395. | Hoekman, 1993 | 60. m/0.32 mm/1.0 μm, He; Program: -40 C for 12 min; -40 - 125 C at 3 deg.min; 125-185 C at 6 deg/min; 185 - 220 C at 20 deg/min; hold 220 C for 2 min |
Kovats' RI, polar column, isothermal
| Column type | Active phase | Temperature (C) | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Packed | Carbowax 20M | 130. | 507. | Widmer, 1967 | Diatoport P; Column length: 7.9 m |
| Packed | Carbowax 20M | 70. | 487. | Widmer, 1967 | Diatoport P; Column length: 7.9 m |
Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
| Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | Petrocol DH | 403. | White, Hackett, et al., 1992 | 100. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 220. C |
| Packed | SE-30 | 395. | Fischer and Kusch, 1990 | Chromosorb W AW (80-100 mesh), 5. K/min; Column length: 1.5 m; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 280. C |
Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program
| Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Packed | SE-30 | 395. | Peng, Ding, et al., 1988 | Supelcoport; Chromosorb; Column length: 3.05 m; Program: 40C(5min) => 10C/min => 200C or 250C (60min) |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, isothermal
| Column type | Active phase | Temperature (C) | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | Squalane | 70. | 390. | Schomburg, 1966 | |
| Packed | Methyl Silicone | 50. | 412. | Huguet, 1961 | Nitrogen, Celite C-22; Column length: 2.5 m |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
| Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | Polydimethyl siloxane: CP-Sil 5 CB | 394. | Bramston-Cook, 2013 | 60. m/0.25 mm/1.0 μm, Helium, 45. C @ 1.45 min, 3.6 K/min, 210. C @ 2.72 min |
| Capillary | Ultra-ALLOY-5 | 395. | Tsuge, Ohtan, et al., 2011 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 2. min, 20. K/min, 320. C @ 13. min |
| Capillary | OV-101 | 389. | Zenkevich, 2005 | 25. m/0.20 mm/0.10 μm, N2/He, 6. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 250. C |
| Capillary | OV-101 | 398. | Chupalov and Zenkevich, 1996 | N2, 3. K/min; Column length: 52. m; Column diameter: 0.26 mm; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 220. C |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program
| Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 395. | Blunden, Aneja, et al., 2005 | 60. m/0.32 mm/1.0 μm, Helium; Program: -50 0C (2 min) 8 0C/min -> 200 0C (7.75 min) 25 0C -> 225 0C (8 min) |
| Capillary | PONA | 396. | Perkin Elmer Instruments, 2002 | Column length: 100. m; Phase thickness: 0.50 μm; Program: not specified |
| Capillary | OV-101 | 390. | Zenkevich, 1998 | He; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm; Program: not specified |
| Capillary | OV-101 | 392. | Zenkevich, 1998 | He; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm; Program: not specified |
| Capillary | SPB-1 | 393. | Flanagan, Streete, et al., 1997 | 60. m/0.53 mm/5. μm, He; Program: 40C(6min) => 5C/min => 80C => 10C/min => 200C |
| Packed | SE-30 | 395. | Robinson and Odell, 1971 | N2, Chromosorb W; Column length: 6.1 m; Program: 50C910min) => 20C/min => 90(6min) => 10C/min => 150C(hold) |
| Packed | Squalane | 404. | Robinson and Odell, 1971 | N2, Embacel; Column length: 3.0 m; Program: 25C(5min) => 2C/min => 35 => 4C/min => 95C(hold) |
References
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, Gas Chromatography, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Prosen, Maron, et al., 1951
Prosen, E.J.; Maron, F.W.; Rossini, F.D.,
Heats of combustion, formation, and insomerization of ten C4 hydrocarbons,
J. Res. NBS, 1951, 46, 106-112. [all data]
Prosen and Rossini, 1945
Prosen, E.J.; Rossini, F.D.,
Heats of formation and combustion of 1,3-butadiene and styrene,
J. Res. NBS, 1945, 34, 59-63. [all data]
Thermodynamics Research Center, 1997
Thermodynamics Research Center,
Selected Values of Properties of Chemical Compounds., Thermodynamics Research Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 1997. [all data]
Sverdlov L.M., 1962
Sverdlov L.M.,
Calculation of thermodynamic functions of gaseous 1,3-butadiene from spectroscopic data,
Zh. Fiz. Khim., 1962, 36, 2765-2767. [all data]
Compton D.A.C., 1976
Compton D.A.C.,
Conformations of conjugated hydrocarbons. Part 1. A spectroscopic and thermodynamic study of buta-1,3-diene and 2-methylbuta-1,3-diene,
J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 2, 1976, 1666-1671. [all data]
Aston J.D., 1946
Aston J.D.,
Thermodynamic properties of gaseous 1,3-butadiene and normal butenes above 25 C. Equilibria in the system 1,3-butadiene, n-butenes, and n-butane,
J. Chem. Phys., 1946, 14, 67-79. [all data]
Godnev I., 1947
Godnev I.,
Thermodynamic functions of divinyl and equilibrium constant of formation of divinyl from alcohol,
Zh. Fiz. Khim., 1947, 21, 799-809. [all data]
Kistiakowsky, Ruhoff, et al., 1936
Kistiakowsky, G.B.; Ruhoff, J.R.; Smith, H.A.; Vaughan, W.E.,
Heats of organic reactions. IV. Hydrogenation of some dienes and of benzene,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1936, 58, 146-153. [all data]
Cox and Pilcher, 1970
Cox, J.D.; Pilcher, G.,
Thermochemistry of Organic and Organometallic Compounds, Academic Press, New York, 1970, 1-636. [all data]
Devisser, Dekoning, et al., 1995
Devisser, S.P.; Dekoning, L.J.; Vanderhart, W.J.; Nibbering, N.M.M.,
Chemical properties of butadienyl anions in the gas-phase,
Recl. Trav. Chim. Pays-Bas, 1995, 114, 6, 267, https://doi.org/10.1002/recl.19951140603
. [all data]
McMahon and Ohanessian, 2000
McMahon, T.B.; Ohanessian, G.,
An Experimental and Ab Initio Study of the Nature of the Binding in Gas-Phase Complexes of Sodium Ions,
Chem. Eur. J., 2000, 6, 16, 2931, https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-3765(20000818)6:16<2931::AID-CHEM2931>3.0.CO;2-7
. [all data]
DePuy, Gronert, et al., 1989
DePuy, C.H.; Gronert, S.; Barlow, S.E.; Bierbaum, V.M.; Damrauer, R.,
The Gas Phase Acidities of the Alkanes,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1989, 111, 6, 1968, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00188a003
. [all data]
Ghitau, Ciopec, et al., 1983
Ghitau, M.; Ciopec, M.; Pintea, O.,
Study on Diels-Alder reaction for the synthesis of tetrahydrophthalic anhydride,
Rev. Chim. (Bucharest), 1983, 34, 299-305. [all data]
Mackle and McNally, 1969
Mackle, H.; McNally, D.V.,
Studies in the thermochemistry of sulphones. Part 9 - Thermochemistry of the butadiene and isoprene sulphones,
Trans. Faraday Soc., 1969, 65, 1738-1741. [all data]
Prosen, Maron, et al., 1949
Prosen, E.J.; Maron, F.W.; Rossini, F.D.,
Heat of isomerization of the two butadienes,
J. Res. NBS, 1949, 42, 269-275. [all data]
Schroeder, Hrusak, et al., 1995
Schroeder, D.; Hrusak, J.; Hertwig, R.H.; Koch, W.; Schwerdtfeger, P.; Schwarz, H.,
Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Gold(I) Complexes Au(L)+ (L=H2O, CO, NH3, C2H4, C3H6, C4H6, C6H6, C6F6),
Organometallics, 1995, 14, 1, 312, https://doi.org/10.1021/om00001a045
. [all data]
Aflalaye, Sternberg, et al., 1995
Aflalaye, A.; Sternberg, R.; Raulin, F.; Vidal-Madjar, C.,
Gas chromatography of Titan's atmosphere. VI. Analysis of low-molecular-mass hydrocarbons and nitriles with BPX5 capillary columns,
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. [all data]
Do and Raulin, 1992
Do, L.; Raulin, F.,
Gas chromatography of Titan's atmosphere. III. Analysis of low-molecular-weight hydrocarbons and nitriles with a CP-Sil-5 CB WCOT capillary column,
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. [all data]
Bredael, 1982
Bredael, P.,
Retention indices of hydrocarbons on SE-30,
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. [all data]
Schröder, 1980
Schröder, I.H.,
Retention Indices of Hydrocarbons up to C14 for the Stationary Phase Squalane,
J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Comm., 1980, 3, 1, 38-44, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240030115
. [all data]
Hively and Hinton, 1968
Hively, R.A.; Hinton, R.E.,
Variation of the retention index with temperature on squalane substrates,
J. Gas Chromatogr., 1968, 6, 4, 203-217, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/6.4.203
. [all data]
Widmer, 1967
Widmer, H.,
Gas chromatographic identification of hydrocarbons using retention indices,
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. [all data]
Zulaïca and Guiochon, 1966
Zulaïca, J.; Guiochon, G.,
Analyse des hauts polymères par chromatographie en phase gazeuse de leurs produits de pyrolyse. II. Application à quelques hydrocarbures macromoléculaires purs,
Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr., 1966, 4, 1351-1363. [all data]
Haagen-Smit Laboratory, 1997
Haagen-Smit Laboratory,
Procedure for the detailed hydrocarbon analysis of gasolines by single column high efficiency (capillary) column gas chromatography, SOP NO. MLD 118, Revision No. 1.1, California Environmental Protection Agency, Air Resources Board, El Monte, California, 1997, 22. [all data]
Hoekman, 1993
Hoekman, S.K.,
Improved gas chromatography procedure for speciated hydrocarbon measurements of vehicle emissions,
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. [all data]
White, Hackett, et al., 1992
White, C.M.; Hackett, J.; Anderson, R.R.; Kail, S.; Spock, P.S.,
Linear temperature programmed retention indices of gasoline range hydrocarbons and chlorinated hydrocarbons on cross-linked polydimethylsiloxane,
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. [all data]
Fischer and Kusch, 1990
Fischer, W.G.; Kusch, P.,
Automatic sampler for Curie-point pyrolysis-gas chromatography with on-column introduction of pyrolysates,
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. [all data]
Peng, Ding, et al., 1988
Peng, C.T.; Ding, S.F.; Hua, R.L.; Yang, Z.C.,
Prediction of Retention Indexes I. Structure-Retention Index Relationship on Apolar Columns,
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. [all data]
Schomburg, 1966
Schomburg, G.,
Gaschromatographische Retentionsdaten und Struktur Chemischer Verbindungen. II. Methylverzweigungen und Doppelbindungen in Offenkettigen Kohlenwasserstoffen,
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. [all data]
Huguet, 1961
Huguet, M.,
Kovats retention indices in the qualitative analysis of light hydrocarbons by gas chromatography, Journees internationales d'etude des methodes de separation immediate et de chromatographie, 1961, 69. [all data]
Bramston-Cook, 2013
Bramston-Cook, R.,
Kovats indices for C2-C13 hydrocarbons and selected oxygenated/halocarbons with 100 % dimethylpolysiloxane columns, 2013, retrieved from http://lotusinstruments.com/monographs/List .... [all data]
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Tsuge, S.; Ohtan, H.; Watanabe, C.,
Pyrolysis - GC/MS Data Book of Synthetic Polymers, Elsevier, 2011, 420. [all data]
Zenkevich, 2005
Zenkevich, I.G.,
Experimentally measured retention indices., 2005. [all data]
Chupalov and Zenkevich, 1996
Chupalov, A.A.; Zenkevich, I.G.,
Chromatographic Characterization of Structural Transformations of Organic Compounds in Diels-Alder Reaction. Aliphatic Dienes and Dienophyls,
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Blunden, Aneja, et al., 2005
Blunden, J.; Aneja, V.P.; Lonneman, W.A.,
Characterization of non-methane volatile organic compounds at swine facilities in eastern North Carolina,
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. [all data]
Perkin Elmer Instruments, 2002
Perkin Elmer Instruments,
Detailed hydrocarbon analysis (DHAX) Model 4015, 2002, retrieved from http://www.perkinelmer.com/instruments. [all data]
Zenkevich, 1998
Zenkevich, I.G.,
Application of Methods of Molecular Dynamics in Chromato-Spectral Identification of ISomeric Products of Organic reactions (in Russian),
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Flanagan, Streete, et al., 1997
Flanagan, R.J.; Streete, P.J.; Ramsey, J.D.,
Volatile Substance Abuse, UNODC Technical Series, No 5, United Nations, Office on Drugs and Crime, Vienna International Centre, PO Box 500, A-1400 Vienna, Austria, 1997, 56, retrieved from http://www.odccp.org/pdf/technicalseries1997-01-011.pdf. [all data]
Robinson and Odell, 1971
Robinson, P.G.; Odell, A.L.,
A system of standard retention indices and its uses. The characterisation of stationary phases and the prediction of retention indices,
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. [all data]
Notes
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References
- Symbols used in this document:
Cp,gas Constant pressure heat capacity of gas T Temperature ΔcH°gas Enthalpy of combustion of gas at standard conditions ΔfH°gas Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions ΔrG° Free energy of reaction at standard conditions ΔrH° Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions - Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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