carbon

• Formula: C
• Molecular weight: 12.0107
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 7440-44-0
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file
• Species with the same structure:
  • diamond
  • Graphite
  • Carbon
• Other names: activated carbon
• Information on this page:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Reaction thermochemistry data
  • References
  • Notes
• Other data available:
  • Condensed phase thermochemistry data
  • Phase change data
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • Ion clustering data
• Data at other public NIST sites:
  • NIST Atomic Spectra Database - Lines Holdings (on physics web site)
  • NIST Atomic Spectra Database - Levels Holdings (on physics web site)
  • NIST Atomic Spectra Database - Ground states and ionization energies (on physics web site)
  • Electron-Impact Ionization Cross Sections (on physics web site)
  • Gas Phase Kinetics Database
  • X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Database, version 5.0
  • X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Database, version 5.0
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Gas phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Gas Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)

C_p° = A + B*t + C*t² + D*t³ + E/t²
H° − H°_298.15= A*t + B*t²/2 + C*t³/3 + D*t⁴/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t²/2 + D*t³/3 − E/(2*t²) + G
    C_p = heat capacity (cal/mol*K)
    H° = standard enthalpy (kcal/mol)
    S° = standard entropy (cal/mol*K)
    t = temperature (K) / 1000.

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Reaction thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
B - John E. Bartmess
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

( • 8) +  = ( • 9)

By formula: (C⁺ • 8C) + C = (C⁺ • 9C)

( • 6) +  = ( • 7)

By formula: (C⁺ • 6C) + C = (C⁺ • 7C)

(C₄^- • 4294967295) +  = C₄^-

By formula: (C₄^- • 4294967295C) + C = C₄^-

4 +  = 2 +  + 3

By formula: 4Na + C₂ClF₃ = 2C + ClNa + 3FNa

(C₆^- • 4294967295) +  = C₆^-

By formula: (C₆^- • 4294967295C) + C = C₆^-

(C₇^- • 4294967295) +  = C₇^-

By formula: (C₇^- • 4294967295C) + C = C₇^-

(C₃^- • 4294967295) +  = C₃^-

By formula: (C₃^- • 4294967295C) + C = C₃^-

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (C⁺ • C) + C = (C⁺ • 2C)

( • 2) +  = ( • 3)

By formula: (C^- • 2C) + C = (C^- • 3C)

( • 3) +  = ( • 4)

By formula: (C^- • 3C) + C = (C^- • 4C)

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (C^- • C) + C = (C^- • 2C)

( • 2) +  = ( • 3)

By formula: (C⁺ • 2C) + C = (C⁺ • 3C)

( • 3) +  = ( • 4)

By formula: (C⁺ • 3C) + C = (C⁺ • 4C)

( • 4) +  = ( • 5)

By formula: (C⁺ • 4C) + C = (C⁺ • 5C)

( • 5) +  = ( • 6)

By formula: (C⁺ • 5C) + C = (C⁺ • 6C)

( • 7) +  = ( • 8)

By formula: (C⁺ • 7C) + C = (C⁺ • 8C)

( • 4) +  = ( • 5)

By formula: (C^- • 4C) + C = (C^- • 5C)

( • 5) +  = ( • 6)

By formula: (C^- • 5C) + C = (C^- • 6C)

( • 6) +  = ( • 7)

By formula: (C^- • 6C) + C = (C^- • 7C)

( • 7) +  = ( • 8)

By formula: (C^- • 7C) + C = (C^- • 8C)

( • 8) +  = ( • 9)

By formula: (C^- • 8C) + C = (C^- • 9C)

 + 4 = 4 + 8

By formula: C₄F₈ + 4Na = 4C + 8FNa

 +  = ( • )

By formula: C⁺ + C = (C⁺ • C)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: C^- + C = (C^- • C)

( • 6) +  = ( •  • 6)

By formula: (C⁺ • 6C) + C₃ = (C⁺ • C₃ • 6C)

( • 7) +  = ( •  • 7)

By formula: (C⁺ • 7C) + C₃ = (C⁺ • C₃ • 7C)

( • 4294967295) +  =

By formula: (CH^- • 4294967295C) + C = CH^-

( • 2) +  = ( •  • 2)

By formula: (C⁺ • 2C) + C₂ = (C⁺ • C₂ • 2C)

( • 2) +  = ( •  • 2)

By formula: (C⁺ • 2C) + C₃ = (C⁺ • C₃ • 2C)

( • 3) +  = ( •  • 3)

By formula: (C⁺ • 3C) + C₃ = (C⁺ • C₃ • 3C)

( • 4) +  = ( •  • 4)

By formula: (C⁺ • 4C) + C₃ = (C⁺ • C₃ • 4C)

( • 5) +  = ( •  • 5)

By formula: (C⁺ • 5C) + C₃ = (C⁺ • C₃ • 5C)

(CAS Reg. No. 146831-35-8 • 4294967295) +  = CAS Reg. No. 146831-35-8

By formula: (CAS Reg. No. 146831-35-8 • 4294967295C) + C = CAS Reg. No. 146831-35-8

( • 9) +  = ( • 10)

By formula: (C⁺ • 9C) + C = (C⁺ • 10C)

 + 2 = 2 + 4

By formula: C₂F₄ + 2H₂ = 2C + 4HF

4 +  =  + 4

By formula: 4Na + CF₄ = C + 4FNa

8 +  = 3 + 8

By formula: 8Na + C₃F₈ = 3C + 8FNa

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Cox, Wagman, et al., 1984
Cox, J.D.; Wagman, D.D.; Medvedev, V.A., CODATA Key Values for Thermodynamics, Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, 1984, 1. [all data]

Chase, 1998
Chase, M.W., Jr., NIST-JANAF Themochemical Tables, Fourth Edition, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Monograph 9, 1998, 1-1951. [all data]

Pargellis, 1990
Pargellis, A.N., Estimating Carbon Cluster Binding Energies from Measured Cn Distributions, n <= 10, J. Chem. Phys., 1990, 93, 3, 2099, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.459035 . [all data]

Radi, Rincon, et al., 1989
Radi, P.P.; Rincon, M.E.; Hsu, M.T.; Brodbelt-Lustig, J.; Kemper, P.; Bowers, M.T., Structure, Reactivity and Energetics of Covalently Bound Carbon Cluster Ions, C5+ to C11+: Experiment and Theory, J. Phys. Chem., 1989, 93, 16, 6187, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100353a045 . [all data]

Arnold, Bradforth, et al., 1991
Arnold, D.W.; Bradforth, S.E.; Kitsopoulos, T.N.; Neumark, D.M., Vibrationally Resolved Spectra of C2-C11 by Anion Photoelectron Spectroscopy, J. Chem. Phys., 1991, 95, 12, 8753, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.461211 . [all data]

Zhao, de Beer, et al., 1996
Zhao, Y.; de Beer, E.; Xu, C.; Taylor, T.; Neumark, D.M., Spectroscopy and Electron Detachment Dynamics of C4-, C6- and C8-, J. Chem. Phys., 1996, 105, 12, 4905, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.472341 . [all data]

Kolesov, Zenkov, et al., 1963
Kolesov, V.P.; Zenkov, I.D.; Skuratov, S.M., Standard enthalpy of formation of chlorotrifluoroethylene, Russ. J. Phys. Chem. (Engl. Transl.), 1963, 37, 115-116. [all data]

Cox and Pilcher, 1970
Cox, J.D.; Pilcher, G., Thermochemistry of Organic and Organometallic Compounds, Academic Press, New York, 1970, 1-636. [all data]

Arnold, Zhao, et al., 1992
Arnold, C.C.; Zhao, Y.X.; Kitsopoulos, T.N.; Neumark, D.M., Study of C6(-) and C6 with Threshold Photodetachment Spectroscopy and Autodetachment Spectroscopy, J. Chem. Phys., 1992, 97, 9, 6121, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.463722 . [all data]

Kolesov, Talakin, et al., 1968
Kolesov, V.P.; Talakin, O.G.; Skuratov, S.M., Enthalpy of formation of some specimens of amorphous carbon, Russ. J. Phys. Chem. (Engl. Transl.), 1968, 42, 1218-1220. [all data]

Kolesov, Talakin, et al., 1964
Kolesov, V.P.; Talakin, O.G.; Skuratov, S.M., Standard enthalpy of formation of perfluorocyclobutane, Russ. J. Phys. Chem. (Engl. Transl.), 1964, 38, 930-931. [all data]

Kasdan, Herbst, et al., 1975
Kasdan, A.; Herbst, E.; Lineberger, W.C., Laser photoelectron spectrometry of CH₂^-, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1975, 31, 78. [all data]

Kitsopoulos, Chick, et al., 1991
Kitsopoulos, T.N.; Chick, C.J.; Zhao, Y.; Neumark, D.M., Threshold Photodetachment Spectroscopy of C-5(-), J. Chem. Phys., 1991, 95, 7, 5479, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.461664 . [all data]

Neugebauer and Margrave, 1956
Neugebauer, C.A.; Margrave, J.L., The heats of formation of tetrafluoroethylene, tetrafluoromethane and 1,1-difluoroethylene, J. Phys. Chem., 1956, 60, 1318-1321. [all data]

Vorob'ev and Skuratov, 1960
Vorob'ev, A.F.; Skuratov, S.M., Standard enthalpies of formation of CF₄, Zh. Neorg. Khim., 1960, 5, 1398-1401. [all data]

Kolesov, Talakin, et al., 1967
Kolesov, V.P.; Talakin, O.G.; Skuratov, S.M., Standard enthalpy of formation of perfluoropropane and enthalpies of formation of normal perfluoroalkanes, Vestn. Mosk. Univ. Khim., 1967, 22, 38-42. [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, References

• Symbols used in this document:
  

  S°gas,1 bar	Entropy of gas at standard conditions (1 bar)
  ΔfH°gas	Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions
  ΔrH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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