Formic acid

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Gas phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
GT - Glushko Thermocenter, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfgas-378.6kJ/molCmGuthrie, 1974Heat of hydrolysis; ALS
Δfgas-379.0kJ/molN/ALebedeva, 1964Value computed using ΔfHliquid° value of -425.5±0.3 kj/mol from Lebedeva, 1964 and ΔvapH° value of 46.5 kj/mol from Guthrie, 1974.; DRB
Δfgas-379.2 ± 0.6kJ/molCcbLebedeva, 1964Value computed using ΔfHliquid° from Lebedeva, 1964 and ΔvapH° value of 46.3 kJ/mol from Konicek and Wadso, 1970.; DRB
Δfgas-378.3kJ/molN/ASinke, 1959Value computed using ΔfHliquid° value of -424.8±0.3 kj/mol from Sinke, 1959 and ΔvapH° value of 46.5 kj/mol from Guthrie, 1974.; DRB
Δfgas-378.5 ± 0.6kJ/molCcbSinke, 1959Value computed using ΔfHliquid° from Sinke, 1959 and ΔvapH° value of 46.3 kJ/mol from Konicek and Wadso, 1970.; DRB
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
gas248.70 ± 0.42J/mol*KN/AMillikan R.C., 1957Other third-law S(298.15 K) value is 248.11(1.26) J/mol*K [ Halford J.O., 1942, Millikan R.C., 1957]. Please also see Waring W., 1952.; GT

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

Cp,gas (J/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
33.2650.Chao J., 1986p=1 bar. Selected entropies and heat capacities are in close agreement with statistically calculated values [ Fukushima K., 1971] and value of S(298.15 K) calculated by ab initio method [ East A.L.L., 1997]. Maximum discrepancies with other statistical calculations [ Waring W., 1952, Green J.H.S., 1961, Gurvich, Veyts, et al., 1989] amount to 1.1-3.9 J/mol*K for S(T) and 3.0-5.9 J/mol*K for Cp(T). Please also see Chao J., 1978.; GT
33.44100.
34.91150.
37.83200.
43.54273.15
45.68 ± 0.07298.15
45.84300.
54.52400.
62.63500.
69.81600.
76.04700.
81.34800.
85.77900.
89.401000.
92.331100.
94.651200.
96.481300.
97.911400.
99.021500.

Reaction thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

Chlorine anion + Formic acid = (Chlorine anion • Formic acid)

By formula: Cl- + CH2O2 = (Cl- • CH2O2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr115. ± 8.4kJ/molTDAsFrench, Ikuta, et al., 1982gas phase; B,M
Δr116. ± 8.8kJ/molCIDTWalker and Sunderlin, 1999gas phase; B
Δr107. ± 8.4kJ/molIMRELarson and McMahon, 1984gas phase; B,M
Δr156. ± 8.4kJ/molTDAsYamdagni and Kebarle, 1971gas phase; In serious disagreement with other's values. Source of error not obvious.; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr103.J/mol*KPHPMSFrench, Ikuta, et al., 1982gas phase; M
Δr101.J/mol*KN/ALarson and McMahon, 1984, 2gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)t-C4H9OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; French, Ikuta, et al., 1982; M
Δr166.J/mol*KPHPMSYamdagni and Kebarle, 1971gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr84.1 ± 8.4kJ/molTDAsFrench, Ikuta, et al., 1982gas phase; B
Δr77.0 ± 8.4kJ/molIMRELarson and McMahon, 1984gas phase; B,M
Δr106. ± 8.4kJ/molTDAsYamdagni and Kebarle, 1971gas phase; In serious disagreement with other's values. Source of error not obvious.; B

HCO2 anion + Hydrogen cation = Formic acid

By formula: CHO2- + H+ = CH2O2

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1449. ± 5.0kJ/molD-EAKim, Bradforth, et al., 1995gas phase; dHacid(0K) = 344.67±0.62 kcal/mol; B
Δr1445. ± 9.2kJ/molG+TSCaldwell, Renneboog, et al., 1989gas phase; B
Δr1445. ± 9.2kJ/molG+TSFujio, McIver, et al., 1981gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B
Δr1444. ± 12.kJ/molG+TSCumming and Kebarle, 1978gas phase; B
Δr1423. ± 19.kJ/molEIAEMuftakhov, Vasil'ev, et al., 1999gas phase; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1419. ± 6.3kJ/molH-TSKim, Bradforth, et al., 1995gas phase; dHacid(0K) = 344.67±0.62 kcal/mol; B
Δr1415. ± 8.4kJ/molIMRECaldwell, Renneboog, et al., 1989gas phase; B
Δr1416. ± 8.4kJ/molIMREFujio, McIver, et al., 1981gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B
Δr1415. ± 8.4kJ/molIMRECumming and Kebarle, 1978gas phase; B

Fluorine anion + Formic acid = (Fluorine anion • Formic acid)

By formula: F- + CH2O2 = (F- • CH2O2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr190. ± 8.4kJ/molIMRELarson and McMahon, 1983gas phase; These relative affinities are ca. 10 kcal/mol weaker than threshold values (see Wenthold and Squires, 1995) for donors greater than ca. 27 kcal/mol in free energy. This discrepancy has not yet been resolved, though the stronger value appears preferable.; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr101.J/mol*KN/ALarson and McMahon, 1983gas phase; switching reaction(F-)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr159. ± 8.4kJ/molIMRELarson and McMahon, 1983gas phase; These relative affinities are ca. 10 kcal/mol weaker than threshold values (see Wenthold and Squires, 1995) for donors greater than ca. 27 kcal/mol in free energy. This discrepancy has not yet been resolved, though the stronger value appears preferable.; B,M

CH5O+ + Formic acid = (CH5O+ • Formic acid)

By formula: CH5O+ + CH2O2 = (CH5O+ • CH2O2)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds of the type OH-O between organics

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr134.kJ/molICRLarson and McMahon, 1982gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2OH+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr116.J/mol*KN/ALarson and McMahon, 1982gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2OH+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr99.6kJ/molICRLarson and McMahon, 1982gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2OH+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M

Iodide + Formic acid = (Iodide • Formic acid)

By formula: I- + CH2O2 = (I- • CH2O2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr79.1 ± 4.2kJ/molTDAsCaldwell and Kebarle, 1984gas phase; B,M
Δr54.0 ± 8.8kJ/molCIDTWalker and Sunderlin, 1999gas phase; Authors suggest real value somewhere between this and Caldwell and Kebarle, 1984; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr86.6J/mol*KPHPMSCaldwell and Kebarle, 1984gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr53.1 ± 4.2kJ/molTDAsCaldwell and Kebarle, 1984gas phase; B

(Chlorine anion • Formic acid) + Formic acid = (Chlorine anion • 2Formic acid)

By formula: (Cl- • CH2O2) + CH2O2 = (Cl- • 2CH2O2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr46.9 ± 8.8kJ/molCIDTWalker and Sunderlin, 1999gas phase; B
Δr143. ± 13.kJ/molN/ALuczynski, Wlodek, et al., 1978gas phase; Buffer gas: H2. Value too bound based on French, Ikuta, et al., 1982, by Grimsrud fractionation factor ( Williamson, Knighton, et al., 1996).; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr230.J/mol*KHPMSLuczynski, Wlodek, et al., 1978gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M

(Chlorine anion • 4Formic acid) + Formic acid = (Chlorine anion • 5Formic acid)

By formula: (Cl- • 4CH2O2) + CH2O2 = (Cl- • 5CH2O2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr42.3 ± 8.4kJ/molN/ALuczynski, Wlodek, et al., 1978gas phase; Buffer gas: H2. Value too bound based on French, Ikuta, et al., 1982, by Grimsrud fractionation factor ( Williamson, Knighton, et al., 1996).; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr48.1J/mol*KHPMSLuczynski, Wlodek, et al., 1978gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M

(Chlorine anion • 2Formic acid) + Formic acid = (Chlorine anion • 3Formic acid)

By formula: (Cl- • 2CH2O2) + CH2O2 = (Cl- • 3CH2O2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr93. ± 11.kJ/molN/ALuczynski, Wlodek, et al., 1978gas phase; Buffer gas: H2. Value too bound based on French, Ikuta, et al., 1982, by Grimsrud fractionation factor ( Williamson, Knighton, et al., 1996).; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr150.J/mol*KHPMSLuczynski, Wlodek, et al., 1978gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M

HCO2 anion + Formic acid = (HCO2 anion • Formic acid)

By formula: CHO2- + CH2O2 = (CHO2- • CH2O2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr154. ± 4.2kJ/molN/AMeot-Ner and Sieck, 1986gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr164.J/mol*KPHPMSMeot-Ner and Sieck, 1986gas phase; large ΔrH, ΔrS,; cyclic structure? pyrolysis?; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr105. ± 6.7kJ/molTDAsMeot-Ner and Sieck, 1986gas phase; B

(HCO2 anion • 4Formic acid) + Formic acid = (HCO2 anion • 5Formic acid)

By formula: (CHO2- • 4CH2O2) + CH2O2 = (CHO2- • 5CH2O2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr42.3 ± 8.4kJ/molN/ALuczynski, Wlodek, et al., 1978gas phase; Buffer gas H2. There may be appreciable fractionation of neutral gases: Williamson, Knighton, et al., 1996; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr50.J/mol*KHPMSLuczynski, Wlodek, et al., 1978gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M

(Chlorine anion • 3Formic acid) + Formic acid = (Chlorine anion • 4Formic acid)

By formula: (Cl- • 3CH2O2) + CH2O2 = (Cl- • 4CH2O2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr59.0 ± 9.2kJ/molN/ALuczynski, Wlodek, et al., 1978gas phase; Buffer gas: H2. Value too bound based on French, Ikuta, et al., 1982, by Grimsrud fractionation factor ( Williamson, Knighton, et al., 1996).; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr84.J/mol*KHPMSLuczynski, Wlodek, et al., 1978gas phase; M

(HCO2 anion • 3Formic acid) + Formic acid = (HCO2 anion • 4Formic acid)

By formula: (CHO2- • 3CH2O2) + CH2O2 = (CHO2- • 4CH2O2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr59.4 ± 8.8kJ/molN/ALuczynski, Wlodek, et al., 1978gas phase; Buffer gas H2. There may be appreciable fractionation of neutral gases: Williamson, Knighton, et al., 1996; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr90.0J/mol*KHPMSLuczynski, Wlodek, et al., 1978gas phase; M

(HCO2 anion • 2Formic acid) + Formic acid = (HCO2 anion • 3Formic acid)

By formula: (CHO2- • 2CH2O2) + CH2O2 = (CHO2- • 3CH2O2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr84. ± 11.kJ/molN/ALuczynski, Wlodek, et al., 1978gas phase; Buffer gas H2. There may be appreciable fractionation of neutral gases: Williamson, Knighton, et al., 1996; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr130.J/mol*KHPMSLuczynski, Wlodek, et al., 1978gas phase; M

(HCO2 anion • Formic acid) + Formic acid = (HCO2 anion • 2Formic acid)

By formula: (CHO2- • CH2O2) + CH2O2 = (CHO2- • 2CH2O2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr109. ± 13.kJ/molN/ALuczynski, Wlodek, et al., 1978gas phase; Buffer gas H2. There may be appreciable fractionation of neutral gases: Williamson, Knighton, et al., 1996; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr140.J/mol*KHPMSLuczynski, Wlodek, et al., 1978gas phase; M

CH6N+ + Formic acid = (CH6N+ • Formic acid)

By formula: CH6N+ + CH2O2 = (CH6N+ • CH2O2)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds of the type NH+-O between organics

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr79.5kJ/molPHPMSMeot-Ner, 1984gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr101.J/mol*KPHPMSMeot-Ner, 1984gas phase; M

CH2NO5- + Water + Formic acid = CH4NO6-

By formula: CH2NO5- + H2O + CH2O2 = CH4NO6-

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr18.4 ± 0.84kJ/molIMREViidanoja, Reiner, et al., 2000gas phase; B

Bromine anion + Formic acid = CH2BrO2-

By formula: Br- + CH2O2 = CH2BrO2-

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr72.0 ± 7.1kJ/molCIDTWalker and Sunderlin, 1999gas phase; B

CH2IO2- + 2Formic acid = C2H4IO4-

By formula: CH2IO2- + 2CH2O2 = C2H4IO4-

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr41.8 ± 8.8kJ/molCIDTWalker and Sunderlin, 1999gas phase; B

NO3 anion + Formic acid = CH2NO5-

By formula: NO3- + CH2O2 = CH2NO5-

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr47.70 ± 0.84kJ/molIMREViidanoja, Reiner, et al., 1998gas phase; B

CH2BrO2- + 2Formic acid = C2H4BrO4-

By formula: CH2BrO2- + 2CH2O2 = C2H4BrO4-

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr40. ± 7.1kJ/molCIDTWalker and Sunderlin, 1999gas phase; B

IR Spectrum

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Data compiled by: Coblentz Society, Inc.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director


Gas Chromatography

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-1543.Helmig, Pollock, et al., 199630. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, 6. K/min; Tstart: -50. C; Tend: 180. C

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryMethyl Silicone512.Peng, Yang, et al., 1991Program: not specified
PackedSE-30512.Peng, Ding, et al., 1988Supelcoport; Chromosorb; Column length: 3.05 m; Program: 40C(5min) => 10C/min => 200C or 250C (60min)

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-Wax1510.Mahajan, Goddik, et al., 200430. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min, 230. C @ 10. min

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryStabilwax1528.Natali N., Chinnici F., et al., 200630. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C => 3C/min => 100C => 5C/min => 240C(10min)
CapillaryDB-Wax1543.6Yang, Chyau, et al., 1998He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: 50C => 2.5C/min => 150C => 1.5C/min => 210C

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryHP-1495.Castel, Fernandez, et al., 200650. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, He, 60. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min, 250. C @ 30. min

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryMethyl Silicone490.Zenkevich, Korolenko, et al., 1995Program: not specified

Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-Wax1470.Guo, Wu, et al., 200830. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 60. C @ 2. min, 10. K/min, 250. C @ 10. min
CapillaryDB-Wax1470.Guo, Wu, et al., 200830. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 60. C @ 2. min, 10. K/min, 250. C @ 10. min
CapillaryDB-Wax1470.Guo, Wu, et al., 200830. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 60. C @ 2. min, 10. K/min, 250. C @ 10. min
CapillaryRTX-Wax1485.Prososki, Etzel, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 10. K/min, 220. C @ 10. min
CapillarySupelcowax-101521.Vichi, Castellote, et al., 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryDB-Wax1492.Sekiwa, Kubota, et al., 1997He, 2. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 180. C
CapillaryDB-Wax1499.Umano, Hagi, et al., 1995He, 40. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryFFAP1505.Vernin, Metzger, et al., 1988He, 60. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm; Tend: 240. C

Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-Wax1501.Gonzalez-Rios, Suarez-Quiroz, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Hydrogen; Program: 44 0C 3 0C/min -> 170 0C 8 0C/min -> 250 0C
CapillaryCP-Wax 52CB1532.Muresan, Eillebrecht, et al., 200050. m/0.32 mm/1.2 μm; Program: 40C(10min) => 3C/min => 190C => 10C/min => 250C(5min)
CapillaryPolyethylene Glycol1533.Zenkevich, Korolenko, et al., 1995Program: not specified

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, Gas Chromatography, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Guthrie, 1974
Guthrie, J.P., Hydration of carboxamides. Evaluation of the free energy change for addition of water to acetamide and formamide derivatives, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1974, 96, 3608-3615. [all data]

Lebedeva, 1964
Lebedeva, N.D., Heats of combustion of monocarboxylic acids, Russ. J. Phys. Chem. (Engl. Transl.), 1964, 38, 1435-1437. [all data]

Konicek and Wadso, 1970
Konicek, J.; Wadso, I., Enthalpies of vaporization of organic compounds. VII. Some carboxylic acids, Acta Chem. Scand., 1970, 24, 2612-26. [all data]

Sinke, 1959
Sinke, G.C., The heat of formation of formic acid, J. Phys. Chem., 1959, 63, 2063. [all data]

Millikan R.C., 1957
Millikan R.C., Infrared spectra and vibrational assignment of monomeric formic acid, J. Chem. Phys., 1957, 27, 1305-1308. [all data]

Halford J.O., 1942
Halford J.O., Entropy of the monomeric forms of formic acid and acetic acid, J. Chem. Phys., 1942, 10, 582-584. [all data]

Waring W., 1952
Waring W., Some thermodynamic properties of formic acid, Chem. Rev., 1952, 51, 171-183. [all data]

Chao J., 1986
Chao J., Thermodynamic properties of key organic oxygen compounds in the carbon range C1 to C4. Part 2. Ideal gas properties, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1986, 15, 1369-1436. [all data]

Fukushima K., 1971
Fukushima K., Normal coordinate treatment and thermodynamic properties of the cis-trans isomers of formic acid and its deutero-analog, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1971, 3, 553-562. [all data]

East A.L.L., 1997
East A.L.L., Ab initio statistical thermodynamical models for the computation of third-law entropies, J. Chem. Phys., 1997, 106, 6655-6674. [all data]

Green J.H.S., 1961
Green J.H.S., Thermodynamic properties of organic oxygen compounds. Part III. Formic acid, J. Chem. Soc., 1961, 2241-2242. [all data]

Gurvich, Veyts, et al., 1989
Gurvich, L.V.; Veyts, I.V.; Alcock, C.B., Thermodynamic Properties of Individual Substances, 4th ed.; Vols. 1 and 2, Hemisphere, New York, 1989. [all data]

Chao J., 1978
Chao J., Ideal gas thermodynamic properties of methanoic and ethanoic acids, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1978, 7, 363-377. [all data]

French, Ikuta, et al., 1982
French, M.A.; Ikuta, S.; Kebarle, P., Hydrogen bonding of O-H and C-H hydrogen donors to Cl-. Results from mass spectrometric measurement of the ion-molecule equilibria RH + Cl- = RHCl-, Can. J. Chem., 1982, 60, 1907. [all data]

Walker and Sunderlin, 1999
Walker, B.W.; Sunderlin, L.S., The thermochemistry of formic acid halide anion clusters, Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 1999, 184, 2-3, 183-189, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1387-3806(99)00008-1 . [all data]

Larson and McMahon, 1984
Larson, J.W.; McMahon, T.B., Hydrogen bonding in gas phase anions. An experimental investigation of the interaction between chloride ion and bronsted acids from ICR chloride exchange equilibria, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1984, 106, 517. [all data]

Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1971
Yamdagni, R.; Kebarle, P., Hydrogen bonding energies to negative ions from gas phase measurements of ionic equilibria, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1971, 93, 7139. [all data]

Larson and McMahon, 1984, 2
Larson, J.W.; McMahon, T.B., Gas phase negative ion chemistry of alkylchloroformates, Can. J. Chem., 1984, 62, 675. [all data]

Kim, Bradforth, et al., 1995
Kim, E.H.; Bradforth, S.E.; Arnold, D.W.; Metz, R.B.; Neumark, D.M., Study of HCO2 and DCO2 by Negative Ion Photoelectron Spectroscopy, J. Chem. Phys., 1995, 103, 18, 7801, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.470196 . [all data]

Caldwell, Renneboog, et al., 1989
Caldwell, G.; Renneboog, R.; Kebarle, P., Gas Phase Acidities of Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids, Based on Measurements of Proton Transfer Equilibria, Can. J. Chem., 1989, 67, 4, 661, https://doi.org/10.1139/v89-092 . [all data]

Fujio, McIver, et al., 1981
Fujio, M.; McIver, R.T., Jr.; Taft, R.W., Effects on the acidities of phenols from specific substituent-solvent interactions. Inherent substituent parameters from gas phase acidities, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1981, 103, 4017. [all data]

Cumming and Kebarle, 1978
Cumming, J.B.; Kebarle, P., Summary of gas phase measurements involving acids AH. Entropy changes in proton transfer reactions involving negative ions. Bond dissociation energies D(A-H) and electron affinities EA(A), Can. J. Chem., 1978, 56, 1. [all data]

Muftakhov, Vasil'ev, et al., 1999
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Notes

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