Biphenyl

Formula: C₁₂H₁₀
Molecular weight: 154.2078
IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C12H10/c1-3-7-11(8-4-1)12-9-5-2-6-10-12/h1-10H
IUPAC Standard InChIKey: ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Registry Number: 92-52-4
Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
Isotopologues:
- Biphenyl-d10
Other names: 1,1'-Biphenyl; Bibenzene; Diphenyl; Phenylbenzene; 1,1'-Diphenyl; Lemonene; Phenador-X; PhPh; Xenene; Carolid AL; Tetrosin LY; NSC 14916; 1,1-Biphenyl
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Gas phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
GT - Glushko Thermocenter, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_fH°_gas	43.1 ± 0.7	kcal/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 6 values; Individual data points

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

C_p,gas (cal/mol*K)	Temperature (K)	Reference	Comment
12.03	50.	Dorofeeva O.V., 1997	None of the statistically calculated values of S(T) known from literature [ Trevissoi C., 1955, Katon J.E., 1959, Aleman H., 1973, Thermodynamics Research Center, 1997] is in full accord with experimental data (see also discussion in [ Chirico R.D., 1989]). Recommended values agree with experimental values within their uncertainties except for temperature range 340-460 K where discrepancies amount to 0.4-0.6 J/mol*K.; GT
15.49	100.
20.14	150.
26.030	200.
36.202	273.15
39.84 ± 0.24	298.15
40.105	300.
53.903	400.
65.397	500.
74.517	600.
81.773	700.
87.655	800.
92.512	900.
96.573	1000.
100.00	1100.
102.93	1200.
105.43	1300.
107.57	1400.
109.43	1500.

Reaction thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
MS - José A. Martinho Simões
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

C₁₀H₈⁺ + Biphenyl = (C₁₀H₈⁺ • )

By formula: C₁₀H₈⁺ + C₁₂H₁₀ = (C₁₀H₈⁺ • C₁₂H₁₀)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1980	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	28.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1980	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.2	297.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1980	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C₁₂H₈⁺ + Biphenyl = (C₁₂H₈⁺ • )

By formula: C₁₂H₈⁺ + C₁₂H₁₀ = (C₁₂H₈⁺ • C₁₂H₁₀)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	13.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1980	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	28.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1980	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
5.5	279.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1980	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C₁₇H₂₄F₃N₃O₃RuS (solution) + Biphenyl (solution) = C₂₃H₂₅F₃O₃RuS (solution) + 3 (solution)

By formula: C₁₇H₂₄F₃N₃O₃RuS (solution) + C₁₂H₁₀ (solution) = C₂₃H₂₅F₃O₃RuS (solution) + 3C₂H₃N (solution)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	-3.61 ± 0.1	kcal/mol	RSC	Nolan, Martin, et al., 1992	solvent: Tetrahydrofuran; MS

3 + Biphenyl =

By formula: 3H₂ + C₁₂H₁₀ = C₁₂H₁₆

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	-54.	kcal/mol	Eqk	Frye, 1962	liquid phase; ALS

IR Spectrum

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compiled by: Coblentz Society, Inc.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Gas Chromatography

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, References, Notes

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal

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Column type	Active phase	Temperature (C)	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	OV-1	150.	1369.	Zhang, Chen, et al., 1997	25. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, N2
Capillary	OV-1	150.	1369.	Zhang, Chen, et al., 1997	25. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, N2
Capillary	OV-1	150.	1370.	Zhang, Chen, et al., 1997	25. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, N2
Capillary	OV-1	160.	1378.	Zhang, Chen, et al., 1997	25. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, N2
Capillary	SE-33	120.	1353.	Juvancz, Cserháti, et al., 1994	10. m/0.20 mm/0.15 μm, H2
Capillary	HP-1	100.	1340.	Zhang, Li, et al., 1992	N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm
Capillary	HP-1	100.	1340.	Zhang, Li, et al., 1992	N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm
Capillary	SE-54	120.	1382.	Juvancz, Pulsipher, et al., 1989	10. m/0.20 mm/0.15 μm, He
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	125.	1351.	Bemgård, Blomberg, et al., 1987	Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Phase thickness: 0.25 μm
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	125.	1351.	Bemgård, Blomberg, et al., 1987	Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Phase thickness: 0.25 μm
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	125.	1351.	Bemgård, Blomberg, et al., 1987	Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Phase thickness: 0.25 μm
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	125.	1352.	Bemgård, Blomberg, et al., 1987	Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Phase thickness: 0.25 μm
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	125.	1352.	Bemgård, Blomberg, et al., 1987	Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Phase thickness: 0.25 μm
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	125.	1352.	Bemgård, Blomberg, et al., 1987	Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Phase thickness: 0.25 μm
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	125.	1352.	Bemgård, Blomberg, et al., 1987	Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Phase thickness: 0.25 μm
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	125.	1352.	Bemgård, Blomberg, et al., 1987	Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Phase thickness: 0.25 μm
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	125.	1352.	Bemgård, Blomberg, et al., 1987	Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Phase thickness: 0.25 μm
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	125.	1352.	Bemgård, Blomberg, et al., 1987	Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Phase thickness: 0.25 μm
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	125.	1354.	Bemgård, Blomberg, et al., 1987	Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Phase thickness: 0.25 μm
Capillary	SE-30	180.	1387.	Korhonen and Lind, 1985	N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.33 mm
Capillary	SE-30	130.	1359.	Bredael, 1982	Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm
Capillary	OV-101	140.	1366.3	Gerasimenko, Kirilenko, et al., 1981	N2; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm
Capillary	OV-101	160.	1377.9	Gerasimenko, Kirilenko, et al., 1981	N2; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm
Packed	OV-101	200.	1396.	Albro, Haseman, et al., 1977	Chromosorb W HP (80-100 mesh); Column length: 3. m
Packed	SE-30	150.	1373.	Shlyakhov, Anvaer, et al., 1975
Packed	SE-30	200.	1405.	Shlyakhov, Anvaer, et al., 1975
Packed	Polymethylsiloxane, (PMS-20000)	50.	1398.7	Ainshtein and Shulyatieva, 1972	He, Chromosorb W; Column length: 2. m
Packed	SE-30	130.	1354.	Antheaume and Guiochon, 1965
Packed	SE-30	170.	1380.	Antheaume and Guiochon, 1965
Packed	SE-30	184.	1399.	Antheaume and Guiochon, 1965
Packed	Methyl Silicone	130.	1354.	Antheaume and Guiochon, 1965

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	DB-1	1345.	Takeoka, Buttery, et al., 1992	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 30. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; T_end: 210. C
Capillary	DB-1	1346.	Takeoka, Buttery, et al., 1992	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 30. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; T_end: 210. C
Capillary	DB-1	1349.	Takeoka, Buttery, et al., 1992	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 30. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; T_end: 210. C
Capillary	OV-101	1350.	Hayes and Pitzer, 1982	110. m/0.25 mm/0.20 μm, He, 1. K/min; T_start: 35. C; T_end: 200. C

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Packed	SE-30	1389.	Ramsey, Lee, et al., 1980	He, Chromosorb G HP (80-100 mesh); Column length: 1.5 m; Program: not specified

Kovats' RI, polar column, isothermal

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Column type	Active phase	Temperature (C)	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	SP-1000	200.	2029.	Kríz, Popl, et al., 1974	N2; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	DB-5	1377.3	Song, Lai, et al., 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 4. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 310. C
Capillary	DB-5	1375.4	Song, Lai, et al., 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; T_end: 310. C
Capillary	DB-5	1368.5	Song, Lai, et al., 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 310. C
Capillary	DB-5	1377.3	Song, Lai, et al., 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 4. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 310. C
Capillary	DB-5	1381.8	Song, Lai, et al., 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 6. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 310. C
Capillary	DB-1	1338.4	Sun and Stremple, 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 325. C
Capillary	OV-1	1392.2	Zhang, Shen, et al., 2000	25. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, 5. K/min; T_start: 100. C; T_end: 180. C
Capillary	HP-5MS	1387.	Nahir, 1999	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 10. K/min; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 300. C
Capillary	DB-5	1368.5	Lai and Song, 1995	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 310. C
Capillary	DB-5	1377.3	Lai and Song, 1995	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 4. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 310. C
Capillary	DB-5	1381.8	Lai and Song, 1995	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 6. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 310. C
Capillary	DB-5	1375.4	Lai and Song, 1995	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; T_end: 310. C
Capillary	DB-5	1381.	Gómez, Ledbetter, et al., 1993	He, 4. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	SP-2100	1375.78	Podmaniczky, Szepesy, et al., 1986	H2, 2. K/min; T_start: 170. C
Capillary	SP-2100	1377.20	Podmaniczky, Szepesy, et al., 1986	H2, 4. K/min; T_start: 170. C
Capillary	SP-2100	1377.91	Podmaniczky, Szepesy, et al., 1986	H2, 6. K/min; T_start: 170. C
Capillary	SP-2100	1396.81	Podmaniczky, Szepesy, et al., 1986	H2, 2. K/min; T_start: 170. C
Capillary	SP-2100	1392.	Podmaniczky, Szepesy, et al., 1986	H2, 4. K/min; T_start: 170. C
Capillary	SP-2100	1392.64	Podmaniczky, Szepesy, et al., 1986	H2, 6. K/min; T_start: 170. C
Capillary	CP Sil 5 CB	1390.72	Podmaniczky, Szepesy, et al., 1986	H2, 4. K/min; T_start: 170. C
Capillary	DB-5	1384.	Rostad and Pereira, 1986	30. m/0.26 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 4. min, 6. K/min, 300. C @ 20. min
Capillary	SE-30	1374.	Korhonen and Lind, 1985	N2, 10. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.33 mm; T_start: 100. C; T_end: 320. C
Capillary	SE-30	1378.	Korhonen and Lind, 1985	N2, 6. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.33 mm; T_start: 140. C; T_end: 320. C
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	1349.	Kozloski, 1985	He, 5. K/min; Column length: 10. m; Column diameter: 0.21 mm; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 210. C
Capillary	OV-101	1350.	Hayes and Pitzer, 1981	108. m/0.25 mm/0.2 μm, 1. K/min; T_start: 35. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	SE-52	1364.	Beernaert, 1979	He, 50. C @ 5. min, 6. K/min; Column length: 33.3 m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm; T_end: 320. C
Capillary	SE-52	1373.	Carugno and Rossi, 1967	N2, 1.8 K/min; Column length: 65. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm; T_start: 100. C; T_end: 300. C
Capillary	SE-52	1362.	Cantuti, Cartoni, et al., 1965	N2, 2.5 K/min; Column length: 50. m; T_start: 100. C; T_end: 300. C

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	DB-5	1397.	Havenga and Rohwer, 1999	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 60 0C 7 0C/min -> 130 0C 5 0C/min -> 200 0C 6 0C/min -> 260 0C 20 0C/min -> 320 0C (4 min)
Capillary	5 % Phenyl methyl siloxane	1371.	Yasuhara, Shiraishi, et al., 1997	25. m/0.31 mm/0.52 μm, He; Program: 50C(2min) => (20C/min) => 120C => (7C/min) => 310C(10min)
Packed	SE-30	1375.	Peng, Ding, et al., 1988	Supelcoport; Chromosorb; Column length: 3.05 m; Program: 40C(5min) => 10C/min => 200C or 250C (60min)

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	1996.	Chung, Yung, et al., 2002	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 195. C @ 90. min
Capillary	HP-Innowax	2016.	Adamiec, Rossner, et al., 2001	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 5. K/min; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 220. C
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	1996.	Chung, Yung, et al., 2001	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 195. C @ 90. min

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, isothermal

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Column type	Active phase	Temperature (C)	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	OV-101	120.	1366.	Nabivach and Gerasimenko, 1996
Capillary	Polidimethyl siloxane	130.	1360.	Nabivach and Gerasimenko, 1996
Capillary	Polidimethyl siloxane	130.	1360.	Nabivach and Gerasimenko, 1996
Capillary	SE-30	200.	1408.	Korhonen and Lind, 1985	N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.33 mm
Packed	Polydimethyl siloxane	147.	1368.	Ferrand, 1962
Packed	Polydimethyl siloxane	183.	1396.	Ferrand, 1962

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	HP-5 MS	1384.	Radulovic, Blagojevic, et al., 2010	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 5. K/min, 290. C @ 10. min; T_start: 70. C
Capillary	HP-5	1385.3	Leffingwell and Alford, 2005	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 30. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min, 260. C @ 28. min
Capillary	HP-5	1379.	Zenkevich, Moeder, et al., 2004	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 50. C @ 3. min, 3. K/min, 280. C @ 20. min
Capillary	BP-1	1388.	Health Safety Executive, 2000	50. m/0.22 mm/0.75 μm, He, 5. K/min; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	HP-5	1380.	Miao and Wu, 1999	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, 50. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min; T_end: 310. C
Capillary	HP-5	1380.	Miao and Wu, 1999	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, 50. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min; T_end: 310. C
Capillary	HP-5	1381.	Miao and Wu, 1999	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, 50. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min; T_end: 310. C
Capillary	HP-5	1381.	Miao and Wu, 1999	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, 50. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min; T_end: 310. C
Capillary	HP-5	1381.	Miao and Wu, 1999	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, 50. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min; T_end: 310. C
Capillary	HP-5	1382.	Miao and Wu, 1999	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, 50. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min; T_end: 310. C
Capillary	HP-5	1385.	Miao and Wu, 1999	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, 50. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min; T_end: 310. C
Capillary	HP-5	1385.	Miao and Wu, 1999	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, 50. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min; T_end: 310. C
Capillary	Ultra-1	1354.	Elizalde-González, Hutfliess, et al., 1996	50. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, H2, 3. K/min, 300. C @ 35. min; T_start: 60. C
Capillary	PB-1	1356.	Andersson and Weis, 1994	50. m/0.32 mm/0.2 μm, H2, 80. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 270. C @ 5. min
Capillary	DB-5	1356.	Andersson and Weis, 1994	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, H2, 80. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 270. C @ 5. min
Capillary	Ultra-1	1342.	Okumura, 1991	25. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 260. C
Capillary	OV-101	1358.	Zenkevich and Tsibulskaya, 1989	Helium, 75. C @ 0. min, 6. K/min, 220. C @ 0. min; Column length: 54. m; Column diameter: 0.26 mm
Capillary	OV-101	1366.	Zenkevich and Tsibulskaya, 1989	Helium, 75. C @ 0. min, 6. K/min, 220. C @ 0. min; Column length: 54. m; Column diameter: 0.26 mm
Capillary	SE-30	1345.	Ibrahim and Suffet, 1988	N2, 50. C @ 8. min, 5. K/min, 275. C @ 10. min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	SLB-5 MS	1380.	Mondello, 2012	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
Capillary	SLB-5 MS	1391.	Mondello, 2012	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
Capillary	Polydimethyl siloxane with 5 % Ph groups	1385.	Robinson, Adams, et al., 2012	Program: not specified
Capillary	Polydimethyl siloxane with 5 % Ph groups	1394.	Robinson, Adams, et al., 2012	Program: not specified
Capillary	SE-30	1369.	Vinogradov, 2004	Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-1	1375.	Peng, 1996	30. m/0.53 mm/1.5 μm; Program: 40 0C (4 min) 8 0C/min -> 200 0C (1 min) 5 0C/min -> 280 0C (20 min)
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	1356.	Zenkevich, 1994	Program: not specified
Capillary	Polydimethyl siloxane, unknown content of Ph-groups	1384.	Geldon, 1989	Program: not specified
Capillary	Polydimethyl siloxane, unknown content of Ph-groups	1384.	Geldon, 1989	Program: not specified
Capillary	SE-30	1368.	Ibrahim and Suffet, 1988	N2; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: 50C(8min) => 3C/min => 150C => 35C/min => 275C (10min)
Capillary	OV-101	1369.	Shibamoto, 1987	Program: not specified
Capillary	Apolane	1362.	Bush, Murphy, et al., 1985	He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Program: 70 0C (2 min) 10 0C/min (6 min) 2 0C/min -> 250 0C
Capillary	Apolane	1362.	Bush, Murphy, et al., 1985	He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Program: 70 0C (2 min) 10 0C/min (6 min) 2 0C/min -> 250 0C
Capillary	OV-1	1348.	Waggott and Davies, 1984	Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
Capillary	OV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc.	1342.	Waggott and Davies, 1984	Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
Capillary	OV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc.	1343.	Waggott and Davies, 1984	Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
Capillary	OV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc.	1349.	Waggott and Davies, 1984	Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
Capillary	OV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc.	1350.	Waggott and Davies, 1984	Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
Capillary	OV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc.	1389.	Waggott and Davies, 1984	Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
Other	Methyl Silicone	1389.	Ardrey and Moffat, 1981	Program: not specified

Normal alkane RI, polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	Temperature (C)	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	PEG-40M	180.	2030.	Roshchupkina, Pimerzin, et al., 1987

Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	DB-Wax	1981.	Morales, Albarracín, et al., 1996	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 20. C @ 4. min, 4. K/min, 200. C @ 10. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1967.	Morales, Albarracín, et al., 1996	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 4. min, 4. K/min, 200. C @ 10. min

Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	2012.	Vichi, Guadayol, et al., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(3min) => 4C/min => 75C => 8C/min => 250C(5min)
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1981.	Vinogradov, 2004	Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-Wax	1974.	Peng, 1996	30. m/0.53 mm/1.0 μm; Program: 40 0C (4 min) 4 0C/min -> 200 0C (20 min)
Capillary	DB-Wax	1974.	Peng, Yang, et al., 1991	Program: not specified
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1981.	Shibamoto, 1987	Program: not specified

Lee's RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	HP-5	245.8	Wang, Hou, et al., 2007	30. m/0.30 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 50. C @ 5. min, 5. K/min, 200. C @ 15. min
Capillary	HP-5	237.7	Shao, Wang, et al., 2006	30. m/0.3 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 5. min, 5. K/min, 200. C @ 15. min
Capillary	HP-5	236.39	Marynowski, Pieta, et al., 2004	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; T_start: 35. C; T_end: 300. C
Capillary	HP-5	236.39	Marynowski, Pieta, et al., 2004	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; T_start: 35. C; T_end: 300. C
Capillary	DB-5MS	236.34	Chen, Keeran, et al., 2002	30. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, 40. C @ 1. min, 10. K/min; T_end: 310. C
Capillary	PTE-5	235.88	Wang, Jia, et al., 2000	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 60. C @ 1.5 min, 8. K/min, 300. C @ 12.5 min
Capillary	HP-5	236.15	Miao and Wu, 1999	50. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min; T_end: 310. C
Capillary	HP-5	236.19	Miao and Wu, 1999	50. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min; T_end: 310. C
Capillary	HP-5	236.26	Miao and Wu, 1999	50. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min; T_end: 310. C
Capillary	HP-5	236.32	Miao and Wu, 1999	50. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min; T_end: 310. C
Capillary	HP-5	236.87	Miao and Wu, 1999	50. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min; T_end: 310. C
Capillary	HP-5	236.92	Miao and Wu, 1999	50. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min; T_end: 310. C
Capillary	HP-5	237.02	Miao and Wu, 1999	50. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min; T_end: 310. C
Capillary	HP-5	237.04	Miao and Wu, 1999	50. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min; T_end: 310. C
Capillary	HP-5	236.28	Piao, Chu, et al., 1999	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 50. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 280. C @ 20. min
Capillary	HP-5	236.48	Piao, Chu, et al., 1999	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 50. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 280. C @ 20. min
Capillary	DB-5	231.1	Durlak, Biswas, et al., 1998	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 15. K/min; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 300. C
Capillary	DB-5	235.6	Durlak, Biswas, et al., 1998	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 15. K/min; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 300. C
Capillary	SE-52	233.57	Wang, Peng, et al., 1997	4. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.30 mm; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	SE-54	234.13	Chen, 1996	4. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 300. C
Capillary	DB-5	235.55	Williams and Horne, 1995	He, 60. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm; T_end: 270. C
Capillary	PB-1	233.78	Andersson and Weis, 1994	50. m/0.32 mm/0.2 μm, H2, 80. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 270. C @ 5. min
Capillary	DB-5	233.46	Andersson and Weis, 1994	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, H2, 80. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 270. C @ 5. min
Capillary	DB-5	236.40	Wang, Fingas, et al., 1994	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 2. min, 6. K/min; T_end: 300. C
Capillary	SPB-5	236.2	Knobloch and Engewald, 1993	40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_end: 300. C
Capillary	CP Sil 8 CB	236.0	Bundt, Herbel, et al., 1991	50. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 4. K/min; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 300. C
Capillary	SE-54	235.63	Guillén, Blanco, et al., 1989	20. m/0.22 mm/0.20 μm, He, 4. K/min; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 300. C
Capillary	DB-5	232.74	Sye, Lin, et al., 1988	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, 80. C @ 1. min, 3. K/min; T_end: 290. C
Capillary	DB-5	236.39	Wise, Benner, et al., 1988	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 280. C @ 5. min
Capillary	SE-52	233.96	Boenke and Ballschmiter, 1987	Hydrogen, 3. K/min; Column length: 12. m; T_start: 120. C; T_end: 285. C
Capillary	DB-5	236.59	Rostad and Pereira, 1986	30. m/0.26 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 4. min, 6. K/min, 300. C @ 20. min
Capillary	DB-5	234.05	Tong, Centen, et al., 1985	He, 4. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_start: 90. C; T_end: 325. C
Capillary	DB-5	230.795	Tong, Shore, et al., 1984	He, 80. C @ 1. min, 3. K/min, 300. C @ 10. min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
Capillary	DB-5	229.8	Viau, Studak, et al., 1984	Helium, 4. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; T_start: 90. C; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	SE-52	236.44	Vassilaros, Kong, et al., 1982	20. m/0.30 mm/0.25 μm, H2, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min; T_end: 265. C
Capillary	SE-52	233.96	Lee, Vassilaros, et al., 1979	12. m/0.3 mm/0.34 μm, He, 2. K/min; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 250. C

Lee's RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	DB-5	236.6	Fuentes, Font, et al., 2007	Column length: 60. m; Program: not specified
Capillary	HP-5MS	236.56	Wang, Li, et al., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 60C(2min) => 6C/min => 258C => 2C/min => 300C(4min)
Capillary	HP-5MS	236.39	Wang, Li, et al., 2007, 2	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: not specified
Capillary	HP-5MS	236.56	Wang, Li, et al., 2007, 2	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-5MS	235.5	Aracil, Font, et al., 2005	Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Program: not specified
Capillary	HP-5MS	240.35	Cheng, Liu, et al., 2005	30. m/0.30 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 50 0C (2 min) 8 0C/min -> 120 0C (3 min) 10 0C/min -> 230 0C
Capillary	LM-5	229.33	Ré-Poppi and Santiago-Silva, 2005	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 60C(2min) => 15C/min => 180C => 5C/min => 280C (10min)
Capillary	Ultra-1	235.0	Sremac, Skrbic, et al., 2005	50. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, Nitrogen; Program: 40-100 0C 3-15 0C/min -> 290 0C
Capillary	DB-5	235.0	Lundstedt, Haglund, et al., 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: not specified
Capillary	LM-5	229.21	Ré-Poppi and Santiago-Silva, 2002	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 60C(2min) => 15C/min => 180C => 5C/min => 280C(5min)
Capillary	HP-5	235.74	Reckendorf, 1997	25. m/0.2 mm/0.11 μm, He; Program: 106C(0.2min) => 40C/min => 120C => 3C/min => 310C(10min)
Capillary	SE-52	233.96	Wang, Peng, et al., 1997	Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.30 mm; Program: not specified
Capillary	SE-54	233.96	Chen, 1996	Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Program: not specified
Capillary	SE-54	235.51	Guillen, Iglesias, et al., 1992	Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-5	237.3	Paschke, Herbel, et al., 1992	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 60 0C (3 min) 10 0C/min -> 100 0C (3 min) 5 0C/min -> 300 0C
Capillary	CP Sil 8 CB	235.6	Bundt, Herbel, et al., 1991	50. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: not specified
Capillary	CP Sil 8 CB	236.4	Bundt, Herbel, et al., 1991	50. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-5	232.86	Naikwadi, Charbonneau, et al., 1987	Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-5	232.96	Naikwadi, Charbonneau, et al., 1987	Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
Capillary	OV-101	236.2	Tucminen, Wickstrom, et al., 1986	Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-5	233.96	Tong, Centen, et al., 1985	He; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Program: not specified

Lee's RI, polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	DB-Wax	228.73	Andersson and Weis, 1994	30. m/0.2 mm/0.15 μm, H2, 80. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 270. C @ 5. min

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, Gas Chromatography, Notes

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Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References

Symbols used in this document:

C_p,gas	Constant pressure heat capacity of gas
T	Temperature
Δ_fH°_gas	Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions
Δ_rG°	Free energy of reaction at standard conditions
Δ_rH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions
Δ_rS°	Entropy of reaction at standard conditions

Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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