Formamide
- Formula: CH3NO
- Molecular weight: 45.0406
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 75-12-7
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript. - Other names: Carbamaldehyde; Methanamide; HCONH2; Amid kyseliny mravenci; Formimidic acid
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Gas phase thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔfH°gas | -44.5 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Bauder and Gunthard, 1958 |
Condensed phase thermochemistry data
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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔfH°liquid | -60.0 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Bauder and Gunthard, 1958 | ALS |
Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid
Cp,liquid (cal/mol*K) | Temperature (K) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
25.719 | 298.15 | DeWit, DeKruif, et al., 1983 | T = 90 to 290 K. Cp = 89.88 + 0.05947 (T/K) J/mol*K (275 to 300 K).; DH |
25.79 | 298.15 | De Visser, Heuvelsland, et al., 1978 | DH |
25.839 | 298.15 | Vorob'ev, Privalova, et al., 1977 | DH |
25.6 | 298.15 | Bonner and Cerutti, 1976 | DH |
25.722 | 298.15 | Skold, Suurkuusk, et al., 1976 | DH |
25.839 | 298.15 | de Visser and Somsen, 1974 | DH |
25.14 | 293. | Rastorguev and Ganiev, 1967 | T = 293 to 373 K.; DH |
25.72 | 298. | Somsen and Coops, 1965 | One temperature; DH |
Phase change data
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tfus | 275.7 | K | N/A | Timmermans and Hennaut-Roland, 1935 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.1 K; TRC |
Tfus | 275. | K | N/A | Timmermans, 1935 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 1.5 K; TRC |
Tfus | 275.7 | K | N/A | Joukovsky, 1934 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 1.5 K; TRC |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Ttriple | 275.60 | K | N/A | De Wit, De Kruif, et al., 1983 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.02 K; TRC |
Ttriple | 275.72 | K | N/A | Somsen and Coops, 1965 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.02 K; TRC |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔvapH° | 14.38 | kcal/mol | N/A | Majer and Svoboda, 1985 | |
ΔvapH° | 14.4 | kcal/mol | A | Barone, Castronuovo, et al., 1985 | See also Majer and Svoboda, 1985, 2.; AC |
ΔvapH° | 15.530 | kcal/mol | V | Bauder and Gunthard, 1958 | ALS |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔsubH° | 17.1 | kcal/mol | N/A | De Wit, Van Miltenburg, et al., 1983 | AC |
Enthalpy of vaporization
ΔvapH (kcal/mol) | Temperature (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
16.9 | 308. | A | Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987 | Based on data from 293. to 377. K.; AC |
14.6 | 430. | A | Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987 | Based on data from 415. to 466. K.; AC |
15.3 | 358. | N/A | Stull, 1947 | Based on data from 343. to 483. K.; AC |
Antoine Equation Parameters
log10(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
P = vapor pressure (atm)
T = temperature (K)
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Temperature (K) | A | B | C | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
343.7 to 483.7 | 7.5795 | 3881.305 | 27.655 | Stull, 1947 | Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data. |
Enthalpy of sublimation
ΔsubH (kcal/mol) | Temperature (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
17.3 | 264. | TE,ME | De Wit, Van Miltenburg, et al., 1983 | Based on data from 251. to 273. K.; AC |
17.1 | 276. | N/A | Daamen, van der Poel, et al., 1979 | AC |
Enthalpy of fusion
ΔfusH (kcal/mol) | Temperature (K) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
2.071 | 275.60 | DeWit, DeKruif, et al., 1983 | DH |
1.907 | 275.72 | Somsen and Coops, 1965 | DH |
1.91 | 275.7 | Domalski and Hearing, 1996 | AC |
2.07 | 275.6 | De Wit, De Kruif, et al., 1983, 2 | AC |
Entropy of fusion
ΔfusS (cal/mol*K) | Temperature (K) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
7.5163 | 275.60 | DeWit, DeKruif, et al., 1983 | DH |
6.917 | 275.72 | Somsen and Coops, 1965 | DH |
Gas Chromatography
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | RTX-Wax | 1772. | Prososki, Etzel, et al., 2007 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 10. K/min, 220. C @ 10. min |
Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | DB-Wax | 1791. | Peng, Yang, et al., 1991 | Program: not specified |
References
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas Chromatography, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Bauder and Gunthard, 1958
Bauder, A.; Gunthard, Hs.H.,
Thermodynamische Eigenschaften von Formamid,
Helv. Chim. Acta, 1958, 41, 670-673. [all data]
DeWit, DeKruif, et al., 1983
DeWit, H.G.M.; DeKruif, C.G.; Van Miltenburg, J.C.,
Thermodynamic properties of molecular organic crystals containing organic crystals containing nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. II. Molar heat capacities of eight compounds by adiabatic calorimetry,
J. Chem. Thermodynam., 1983, 15, 891-902. [all data]
De Visser, Heuvelsland, et al., 1978
De Visser, C.; Heuvelsland, W.J.M.; Dunn, L.A.; Somsen, G.,
Some properties of binary aqueous liquid mixtures, J. Chem. Soc.,
Faraday Trans.1, 1978, 74, 1159-1169. [all data]
Vorob'ev, Privalova, et al., 1977
Vorob'ev, A.F.; Privalova, N.M.; Rekharskii, M.V.,
Hermetically sealed calorimeter with automatic adiabatic enclosure for determining the specific heats of liquids,
Zhur. Fiz. Khim., 1977, 51, 1843-1846. [all data]
Bonner and Cerutti, 1976
Bonner, O.D.; Cerutti, P.J.,
The partial molar heat capacities of some solutes in water and deuterium oxide,
J. Chem. Thermodynam., 1976, 8, 105-111. [all data]
Skold, Suurkuusk, et al., 1976
Skold, R.; Suurkuusk, J.; Wadso, I.,
Thermochemistry of solutions of biochemical model compounds. 7. Aqueous solutions of some amides, t-butanol, and pentanol,
J. Chem. Thermodynam., 1976, 8, 1075-1080. [all data]
de Visser and Somsen, 1974
de Visser, C.; Somsen, G.,
Molar heat capacities of binary mixtures of water and some amides at 298.15 K,
Z. Physik. Chem. [N.F.], 1974, 92, 159-162. [all data]
Rastorguev and Ganiev, 1967
Rastorguev, Yu.L.; Ganiev, Yu.A.,
Study of the heat capacity of selected solvents,
Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Neft Gaz. 10, 1967, No.1, 79-82. [all data]
Somsen and Coops, 1965
Somsen, G.; Coops, J.,
Enthalpies of solvation of alkali halides in formamide. I. The enthalpies of solution of alkali halides in formamide,
Rec. Trav. chim., 1965, 84, 985-1002. [all data]
Timmermans and Hennaut-Roland, 1935
Timmermans, J.; Hennaut-Roland, M.,
Physical constants of 20 organic compounds. VII.,
J. Chim. Phys. Phys.-Chim. Biol., 1935, 32, 501. [all data]
Timmermans, 1935
Timmermans, J.,
Researches in Stoichiometry. I. The Heat of Fusion of Organic Compounds.,
Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg., 1935, 44, 17-40. [all data]
Joukovsky, 1934
Joukovsky, N.I.,
Experimental Study of the Theory of Concentrated Solutions. XI. Thermodynamic Properties of Concentrated Solutions of Aliphatic Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen.,
Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg., 1934, 43, 397. [all data]
De Wit, De Kruif, et al., 1983
De Wit, H.G.M.; De Kruif, C.G.; Van Miltenburg, J.C.,
Thermodynamic properties of molecular organic crystals containing nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur II. Molar heat capacities of eight compounds by adiabatic calorimetry,
J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1983, 15, 9, 891, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9614(83)90095-2
. [all data]
Majer and Svoboda, 1985
Majer, V.; Svoboda, V.,
Enthalpies of Vaporization of Organic Compounds: A Critical Review and Data Compilation, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1985, 300. [all data]
Barone, Castronuovo, et al., 1985
Barone, G.; Castronuovo, G.; Della Gatta, G.; Elia, V.; Iannone, A.,
Enthalpies of vaporization of seven alkylamides,
Fluid Phase Equilibria, 1985, 21, 1-2, 157-164, https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-3812(85)90066-4
. [all data]
Majer and Svoboda, 1985, 2
Majer, V.; Svoboda, V.,
Enthalpies of Vaporization of Organic Compounds: A Critical Review and Data Compilation, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1985, 300. [all data]
De Wit, Van Miltenburg, et al., 1983
De Wit, H.G.M.; Van Miltenburg, J.C.; De Kruif, C.G.,
Thermodynamic properties of molecular organic crystals containing nitrogen, oxygen, and sulphur 1. Vapour pressures and enthalpies of sublimation,
The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 1983, 15, 7, 651-663, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9614(83)90079-4
. [all data]
Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw,
Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2
. [all data]
Stull, 1947
Stull, Daniel R.,
Vapor Pressure of Pure Substances. Organic and Inorganic Compounds,
Ind. Eng. Chem., 1947, 39, 4, 517-540, https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50448a022
. [all data]
Daamen, van der Poel, et al., 1979
Daamen, H.; van der Poel, H.; Stufkens, D.J.; Oskam, A.,
The thermochemistry of M(CO)6-xLx (M = Cr, Mo, W; L = piperidine, pyridine, pyrazine, pyrazole, thiazole; x = 1, 2, 3),
Thermochimica Acta, 1979, 34, 1, 69-83, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(79)80026-X
. [all data]
Domalski and Hearing, 1996
Domalski, Eugene S.; Hearing, Elizabeth D.,
Heat Capacities and Entropies of Organic Compounds in the Condensed Phase. Volume III,
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1996, 25, 1, 1, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.555985
. [all data]
De Wit, De Kruif, et al., 1983, 2
De Wit, H.G.M.; De Kruif, C.G.; Van Miltenburg, J.C.,
Thermodynamic properties of molecular organic crystals containing nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur II. Molar heat capacities of eight compounds by adiabatic calorimetry,
The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 1983, 15, 9, 891-902, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9614(83)90095-2
. [all data]
Prososki, Etzel, et al., 2007
Prososki, R.A.; Etzel, M.R.; Rankin, S.A.,
Solvent type affects the number, distribution, and relative quantities of volatile compounds found in sweet whey powder,
J. Dairy Sci., 2007, 90, 2, 523-531, https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(07)71535-7
. [all data]
Peng, Yang, et al., 1991
Peng, C.T.; Yang, Z.C.; Ding, S.F.,
Prediction of rentention idexes. II. Structure-retention index relationship on polar columns,
J. Chromatogr., 1991, 586, 1, 85-112, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(91)80028-F
. [all data]
Notes
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas Chromatography, References
- Symbols used in this document:
Cp,liquid Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid Tfus Fusion (melting) point Ttriple Triple point temperature ΔfH°gas Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions ΔfH°liquid Enthalpy of formation of liquid at standard conditions ΔfusH Enthalpy of fusion ΔfusS Entropy of fusion ΔsubH Enthalpy of sublimation ΔsubH° Enthalpy of sublimation at standard conditions ΔvapH Enthalpy of vaporization ΔvapH° Enthalpy of vaporization at standard conditions - Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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