Benzene

• Formula: C₆H₆
• Molecular weight: 78.1118
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C6H6/c1-2-4-6-5-3-1/h1-6H Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 71-43-2
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
  The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
• Isotopologues:
  • Benzene-D6
• Other names: [6]Annulene; Benzol; Benzole; Coal naphtha; Cyclohexatriene; Phenyl hydride; Pyrobenzol; Pyrobenzole; Benzolene; Bicarburet of hydrogen; Carbon oil; Mineral naphtha; Motor benzol; Benzeen; Benzen; Benzin; Benzine; Benzolo; Fenzen; NCI-C55276; Phene; Rcra waste number U019; UN 1114; NSC 67315; 1,3,5-Cyclohexatriene
• Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
• Information on this page:
  • Phase change data
  • Gas Chromatography
  • References
  • Notes
• Other data available:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Condensed phase thermochemistry data
  • Reaction thermochemistry data: reactions 1 to 50, reactions 51 to 99
  • Henry's Law data
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • Ion clustering data
  • IR Spectrum
  • Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
  • UV/Visible spectrum
  • Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels
  • Fluid Properties
• Data at other public NIST sites:
  • Electron-Impact Ionization Cross Sections (on physics web site)
  • Gas Phase Kinetics Database
  • X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Database, version 5.0
  • NIST Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Structure Index
• Options:
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Data at NIST subscription sites:

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• NIST / TRC Web Thermo Tables, professional edition (thermophysical and thermochemical data)

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Phase change data

Go To: Top, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Enthalpy of vaporization

Enthalpy of vaporization

Δ_vapH = A exp(-αT_r) (1 − T_r)^β
    Δ_vapH = Enthalpy of vaporization (at saturation pressure) (kcal/mol)
    T_r = reduced temperature (T / T_c)

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Antoine Equation Parameters

log₁₀(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (atm)
    T = temperature (K)

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Enthalpy of sublimation

Enthalpy of fusion

Entropy of fusion

Gas Chromatography

Go To: Top, Phase change data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal

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Kovats' RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Kovats' RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Kovats' RI, polar column, isothermal

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Kovats' RI, polar column, temperature ramp

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Kovats' RI, polar column, custom temperature program

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Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, temperature ramp

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Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, custom temperature program

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Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, isothermal

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Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Normal alkane RI, polar column, isothermal

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Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp

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Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program

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References

Go To: Top, Phase change data, Gas Chromatography, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

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Natarajan, G., High-temperature calorimeter for the measurement of vapor pressure and enthalpy of vaporization, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 1983, 54, 9, 1175, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1137545 . [all data]

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Smith, 1941
Smith, E.R., Boiling points of benzene, 2,2,3-trimethylbutane, 3-ethylpentane, and 2,2,4,4-tetramethylpentane within the range 100 to 1,500 millimeters of mercury, J. RES. NATL. BUR. STAN., 1941, 26, 2, 129-17, https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.026.004 . [all data]

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Williamham, Taylor, et al., 1945
Williamham, C.B.; Taylor, W.J.; Pignocco, J.M.; Rossini, F.D., Vapor Pressures and Boiling Points of Some Paraffin, Alkylcyclopentane, Alkylcyclohexane, and Alkylbenzene Hydrocarbons, J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), 1945, 35, 3, 219-244, https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.035.009 . [all data]

Ha, Morrison, et al., 1976
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De Kruif and Van Ginkel, 1977
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Jackowski, 1974
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Jones, 1960
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Stull, 1947
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de Boer, 1936
de Boer, J.H., The influence of van der Waals' forces and primary bonds on binding energy, strength and orientation, with special reference to some artificial resins, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1936, 32, 10, https://doi.org/10.1039/tf9363200010 . [all data]

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Oliver, Eaton, et al., 1948
Oliver, G.D.; Eaton, M.; Huffman, H.M., The heat capacity, heat of fusion and entropy of benzene, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1948, 70, 1502-1505. [all data]

Ziegler and Andrews, 1942
Ziegler, W.T.; Andrews, D.H., The heat capacity of benzene-d6, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1942, 64, 2482-2485. [all data]

Domalski and Hearing, 1996
Domalski, Eugene S.; Hearing, Elizabeth D., Heat Capacities and Entropies of Organic Compounds in the Condensed Phase. Volume III, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1996, 25, 1, 1, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.555985 . [all data]

Andrews, Lynn, et al., 1926
Andrews, D.H.; Lynn, G.; Johnston, J., The heat capacities and heat of crystallization of some isomeric aromatic compounds, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1926, 48, 1274-1287. [all data]

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Smith, G.W., Phase behavior of some linear polyphenyls, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 1979, 49, 207-209. [all data]

Pacor, 1967
Pacor, P., Applicability of the DuPont 900 DTA apparatus in quantitative differential thermal analysis, Anal. Chim. Acta, 1967, 37, 200-208. [all data]

Tschamler, 1948
Tschamler, H., Uber binare flussige Mischungen I. Mischungswarment, Volumseffekte und Zustandsdiagramme von chlorex mit benzol und n-alkylbenzolen, Monatsh. Chem., 1948, 79, 162-177. [all data]

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Maass and Walbauer, 1925
Maass, O.; Walbauer, L.J., The specific heats and latent heats of fusion of ice and of several organic compounds, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1925, 47, 1-9. [all data]

Ádámová, Orinák, et al., 2005
Ádámová, M.; Orinák, A.; Halás, L., Retention indices as identification tool in pyrolysis-capillary gas chromatography, J. Chromatogr. A, 2005, 1087, 1-2, 131-141, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2005.01.003 . [all data]

Wang, Liu, et al., 2005
Wang, Y.; Liu, J.; Li, N.; Shi, G.; Jiang, G.; Ma, W., Preliminary study of the retention behavior for different compounds using cryogenic chromatography at different initial temperatures, Microchem. J., 2005, 81, 2, 184-190, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2005.02.003 . [all data]

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Soják, 2004
Soják, L., Separation and identification of isomeric hydrocarbons by capillary gas chromatography and hyphenated spectrometric techniques, Petroleum Coal, 2004, 46, 3, 1-35. [all data]

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Ciaznska-Halarewicz, K.; Kowalska, T., A study of the dependence of the Kováts retention index on the temperature of analysis on stationary phases of different polarity, Acta Chromatogr., 2003, 13, 69-80. [all data]

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Garay, F., Application of a flow-tunable, serially coupled gas chromatographic capillary column system for the analysis of complex mixtures, Chromatographia Sup., 2000, 51, 1, s108-s120, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02492792 . [all data]

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Hassani, A.; Meklati, B.Y., Gas chromatographic behaviour of monosubstituted benzenes, benzaldehydes and acetophenones on OV polymethylphenyl-silicone stationary phases, Chromatographia, 1992, 33, 5/6, 267-271, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02276193 . [all data]

Hongwei and Zhide, 1992
Hongwei, Z.; Zhide, H., Utilization of total solubility parameter for calculating retention indices of alkylbenzenes, Chromatographia, 1992, 33, 11/12, 575-580, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02262251 . [all data]

Kowalski, 1992
Kowalski, W.J., Free radical crosslinking of the gas chromatographic stationary phase containing europium chelates, Chromatographia, 1992, 34, 5-8, 266-268, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02268356 . [all data]

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Zhang, Li, et al., 1992
Zhang, M.J.; Li, S.D.; Chen, B.J., Compositional studies of high-temperature coal tar by GC/FTIR analysis of light oil fractions, Chromatographia, 1992, 33, 3/4, 138-146, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02275894 . [all data]

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Dimov and Mekenyan, 1989
Dimov, N.; Mekenyan, Ov., Quantitative Relationships Between the Structure of Alkylbenzenes and Their Gas Chromatographic Retention on Stationary Phasses with Different Polarity, J. Chromatogr., 1989, 471, 227-236, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)94170-0 . [all data]

Guan, Kiraly, et al., 1989
Guan, Y.; Kiraly, J.; Rijks, J.A., Interactive retention index database for compound identification in temperature-programmed capillary gas chromatography, J. Chromatogr., 1989, 472, 129-143, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)94101-3 . [all data]

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