Ethanol

Formula: C₂H₆O
Molecular weight: 46.0684
IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C2H6O/c1-2-3/h3H,2H2,1H3
IUPAC Standard InChIKey: LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Registry Number: 64-17-5
Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
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Isotopologues:
Other names: Ethyl alcohol; Alcohol; Alcohol anhydrous; Algrain; Anhydrol; Denatured ethanol; Ethyl hydrate; Ethyl hydroxide; Jaysol; Jaysol S; Methylcarbinol; SD Alchol 23-hydrogen; Tecsol; C2H5OH; Absolute ethanol; Cologne spirit; Fermentation alcohol; Grain alcohol; Molasses alcohol; Potato alcohol; Aethanol; Aethylalkohol; Alcohol, dehydrated; Alcool ethylique; Alcool etilico; Alkohol; Cologne spirits; Denatured alcohol CD-10; Denatured alcohol CD-5; Denatured alcohol CD-5a; Denatured alcohol SD-1; Denatured alcohol SD-13a; Denatured alcohol SD-17; Denatured alcohol SD-23a; Denatured alcohol SD-28; Denatured alcohol SD-3a; Denatured alcohol SD-30; Denatured alcohol SD-39b; Denatured alcohol SD-39c; Denatured alcohol SD-40m; Etanolo; Ethanol 200 proof; Ethyl alc; Etylowy alkohol; EtOH; NCI-C03134; Spirits of wine; Spirt; Alkoholu etylowego; Ethyl alcohol anhydrous; SD alcohol 23-hydrogen; UN 1170; Tecsol C; Alcare Hand Degermer; Absolute alcohol; Denatured alcohol; Ethanol, silent spirit; Ethylol; Punctilious ethyl alcohol; SD 3A
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Information on this page:
Other data available:
- Gas phase thermochemistry data
- Phase change data
- Reaction thermochemistry data: reactions 1 to 50, reactions 51 to 77
- Henry's Law data
- Gas phase ion energetics data
- Ion clustering data
- IR Spectrum
- Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
- Gas Chromatography
Data at other public NIST sites:
- Gas Phase Kinetics Database
- X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Database, version 5.0
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Condensed phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, References, Notes

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_fH°_liquid	-276. ± 2.	kJ/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 6 values; Individual data points
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_cH°_liquid	-1367.6 ± 0.3	kJ/mol	Ccb	Chao and Rossini, 1965	see Rossini, 1934; Corresponding Δ_fHº_liquid = -276.9 kJ/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections); ALS
Δ_cH°_liquid	-1367.0 ± 0.42	kJ/mol	Ccb	Green, 1960	Corresponding Δ_fHº_liquid = -277.6 kJ/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections); ALS
Δ_cH°_liquid	-1370.9	kJ/mol	Ccb	Parks, 1925	Corresponding Δ_fHº_liquid = -273.6 kJ/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections); ALS
Δ_cH°_liquid	-1368.34	kJ/mol	Ccb	Richards and Davis, 1920	At 291 K; Corresponding Δ_fHº_liquid = -276.17 kJ/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections); ALS
Δ_cH°_liquid	-1368.6	kJ/mol	Ccb	Emery and Benedict, 1911	Corresponding Δ_fHº_liquid = -275.9 kJ/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections); ALS
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
S°_liquid	159.86	J/mol*K	N/A	Haida, Suga, et al., 1977	DH
S°_liquid	161.21	J/mol*K	N/A	Green J.H.S., 1961	DH
S°_liquid	160.7	J/mol*K	N/A	Kelley, 1929	DH
S°_liquid	177.0	J/mol*K	N/A	Parks, 1925	Extrapolation below 90 K, 55.19 J/mol*K.; DH

Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid

C_p,liquid (J/mol*K)	Temperature (K)	Reference	Comment
112.4	298.15	Petrov, Peshekhodov, et al., 1989	T = 258.15, 278.15, 298.15, 318.15 K.; DH
111.53	298.15	Andreoli-Ball, Patterson, et al., 1988	DH
112.36	298.15	Ogawa and Murakami, 1986	DH
112.68	298.15	Tanaka, Toyama, et al., 1986	DH
110.51	298.15	Ogawa and Murakami, 1985	DH
115.9	298.15	Stephens and Olson, 1984	T = 266 to 318 K. Cp given as 0.6011 cal/g*K.; DH
112.67	298.15	Zegers and Somsen, 1984	DH
108.07	288.15	Benson and D'Arcy, 1982	DH
113.75	298.15	Villamanan, Casanova, et al., 1982	DH
112.15	298.15	Brown and Ziegler, 1979	T = 159 to 306 K. Results as equation only.; DH
112.30	298.15	Vesely, Zabransky, et al., 1979	DH
112.5	298.15	Haida, Suga, et al., 1977	T = 14 to 300 K. Also glass, supercooled liquid, metastable crystal.; DH
112.30	298.15	Vesely, Svoboda, et al., 1977	T = 298 to 318 K.; DH
112.33	298.15	Fortier, Benson, et al., 1976	DH
112.094	298.15	Fortier and Benson, 1976	DH
111.81	298.15	Pedersen, Kay, et al., 1975	T = 298 to 348 K. Cp(liq) = 98.39 + 0.5368(T/K-273.25) J/mol*K (298 to 348 K).; DH
118.4	313.2	Paz Andrade, Paz, et al., 1970	DH
97.53	250.	Nikolaev, Rabinovich, et al., 1967	T = 80 to 250 K.; DH
112.056	297.359	Hwa and Ziegler, 1966	T = 165 to 304 K. Unsmoothed experimental datum.; DH
112.26	298.	Rabinovich and Nikolaev, 1962	T = 15 to 55°C.; DH
111.96	298.15	Green J.H.S., 1961	T = 16 to 350 K.; DH
118.8	316.	Swietoslawski and Zielenkiewicz, 1960	Mean value 21 to 66°C.; DH
114.7	297.8	Mazur, 1940	T = 174 to 298 K. Unsmoothed experimental datum. Cp(liq) = 0.5437 + 0.001858t + 0.0000098t2 cal/gK. Cp(298.15 K) = 114.9 J/molK, calculated from equation.; DH
111.7	298.	Bykov, 1939	DH
103.3	298.	Ernst, Watkins, et al., 1936	DH
118.72	313.15	Fiock, Ginnings, et al., 1931	T = 40 to 110°C.; DH
109.87	294.31	Kelley, 1929	T = 16 to 298 K. Value is unsmoothed experimental datum.; DH
106.3	270.	Mitsukuri and Hara, 1929	T = 190 to 270 K.; DH
160.7	298.1	Parks, Kelley, et al., 1929	Extrapolation below 90 K, 38.9 J/mol*K. Revision of previous data.; DH
113.4	298.0	Parks, 1925	T = 87 to 298 K. Value is unsmoothed experimental datum.; DH
115.1	303.	Willams and Daniels, 1924	T = 303 to 333 K. Equation only.; DH
102.4	271.4	Gibson, Parks, et al., 1920	T = 85 to 271.4 K. Unsmoothed experimental datum. Data also given for the glassy state from 85.9 to 96.3 K.; DH
112.1	298.	von Reis, 1881	T = 288 to 346 K.; DH

References

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Notes

Chao and Rossini, 1965
Chao, J.; Rossini, F.D., Heats of combustion, formation, and isomerization of nineteen alkanols, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1965, 10, 374-379. [all data]

Rossini, 1934
Rossini, F.D., Heats of combustion and of formation of the normal aliphatic alcohols in the gaseous and liquid states, and the energies of their atomic linkages, J. Res. NBS, 1934, 13, 189-197. [all data]

Green, 1960
Green, J.H.S., Revision of the values of the heats of formation of normal alcohols, Chem. Ind. (London), 1960, 1215-1216. [all data]

Parks, 1925
Parks, G.S., Thermal data on organic compounds I. The heat capacities and free energies of methyl, ethyl and normal-butyl alcohols, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1925, 47, 338-345. [all data]

Richards and Davis, 1920
Richards, T.W.; Davis, H.S., The heats of combustion of benzene, toluene, aliphatic alcohols, cyclohexanol, and other carbon compounds, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1920, 42, 1599-1617. [all data]

Emery and Benedict, 1911
Emery, A.G.; Benedict, F.G., The heat of combustion of compounds of physiological importance, Am. J. Physiol., 1911, 28, 301-307. [all data]

Haida, Suga, et al., 1977
Haida, O.; Suga, H.; Seki, S., Calorimetric study of the glassy state. XII. Plural glass-transition phenomena of ethanol, J. Chem. Thermodynam., 1977, 9, 1133-1148. [all data]

Green J.H.S., 1961
Green J.H.S., Thermodynamic properties of organic oxygen compounds. Part 5. Ethyl alcohol, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1961, 57, 2132-2137. [all data]

Kelley, 1929
Kelley, K.K., The heat capacities of ethyl and hexyl alcohols from 16°K to 298°K and the corresponding entropies and free energies, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1929, 51, 779-786. [all data]

Petrov, Peshekhodov, et al., 1989
Petrov, A.N.; Peshekhodov, P.B.; Al'per, G.A., Heat capacity of non-aqueous solutions of non-electrolyts with N,N-dimethylformamide as a base, Sbornik Nauch. Trud., Termodin. Rast. neelect., Ivanovo, Inst. nevod. rast., 1989, Akad. [all data]

Andreoli-Ball, Patterson, et al., 1988
Andreoli-Ball, L.; Patterson, D.; Costas, M.; Caceres-Alonso, M., Heat capacity and corresponding states in alkan-1-ol-n-alkane systems, J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 1, 1988, 84(11), 3991-4012. [all data]

Ogawa and Murakami, 1986
Ogawa, H.; Murakami, S., Excess isobaric heat capacities for water + alkanol mixtures at 298.15 K, Thermochim. Acta, 1986, 109, 145-154. [all data]

Tanaka, Toyama, et al., 1986
Tanaka, R.; Toyama, S.; Murakami, S., Heat capacities of {xCnH2n+1OH+(1-x)C7H16} for n = 1 to 6 at 298.15 K, J. Chem. Thermodynam., 1986, 18, 63-73. [all data]

Ogawa and Murakami, 1985
Ogawa, H.; Murakami, S., Flow microcalorimeter for heat capacities of solutions, Thermochim. Acta, 1985, 88, 255-260. [all data]

Stephens and Olson, 1984
Stephens, M.; Olson, J.D., Measurement of excess heat capacities by differential scanning calorimetry, Thermochim. Acta, 1984, 76, 79-85. [all data]

Zegers and Somsen, 1984
Zegers, H.C.; Somsen, G., Partial molar volumes and heat capacities in (dimethylformamide + an n-alkanol), J. Chem. Thermodynam., 1984, 16, 225-235. [all data]

Benson and D'Arcy, 1982
Benson, G.C.; D'Arcy, P.J., Excess isobaric heat capacities of water - n-alcohol mixtures, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1982, 27, 439-442. [all data]

Villamanan, Casanova, et al., 1982
Villamanan, M.A.; Casanova, C.; Roux-Desgranges, G.; Grolier, J.-P.E., Thermochemical behavior of mixtures of n-alcohol + aliphatic ether: heat capacities and volumes at 298.15 K, Thermochim. Acta, 1982, 52, 279-283. [all data]

Brown and Ziegler, 1979
Brown, G.N., Jr.; Ziegler, W.T., Temperature dependence of excess thermodynamic properties of ethanol + n-heptane and 2-propanol + n-heptane solutions, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1979, 24, 319-330. [all data]

Vesely, Zabransky, et al., 1979
Vesely, F.; Zabransky, M.; Svoboda, V.; Pick, J., The use of mixing calorimeter for measuring heat capacities of liquids, Coll. Czech. Chem. Commun., 1979, 44, 3529-3532. [all data]

Vesely, Svoboda, et al., 1977
Vesely, F.; Svoboda, V.; Pick, J., Heat capacities of some organic liquids determined with the mixing calorimeter, 1st Czech. Conf. Calorimetry (Lect. Short Commun.), 1977, C9-1-C9-4. [all data]

Fortier, Benson, et al., 1976
Fortier, J.-L.; Benson, G.C.; Picker, P., Heat capacities of some organic liquids determined with the Picker flow calorimeter, J. Chem. Thermodynam., 1976, 8, 289-299. [all data]

Fortier and Benson, 1976
Fortier, J.-L.; Benson, G.C., Excess heat capacities of binary liquid mixtures determined with a Picker flow calorimeter, J. Chem. Thermodynam., 1976, 8, 411-423. [all data]

Pedersen, Kay, et al., 1975
Pedersen, M.J.; Kay, W.B.; Hershey, H.C., Excess enthalpies, heat capacities, and excess heat capacities as a function of temperature in liquid mixtures of ethanol + toluene, ethanol + hexamethyldisiloxane, and hexamethyldisiloxane + toluene, J. Chem. Thermodynam., 1975, 7, 1107-1118. [all data]

Paz Andrade, Paz, et al., 1970
Paz Andrade, M.I.; Paz, J.M.; Recacho, E., Contribucion a la microcalorimetria de los calores especificos de solidos y liquidos, An. Quim., 1970, 66, 961-967. [all data]

Nikolaev, Rabinovich, et al., 1967
Nikolaev, P.N.; Rabinovich, I.B.; Lebedev, B.V., Specific heat of H- and D-ethyl alcohol in the interval 80-250K, Zhur. Fiz. Khim., 1967, 41, 1294-1299. [all data]

Hwa and Ziegler, 1966
Hwa, S.C.P.; Ziegler, W.T., Temperature dependence of excess thermodynamic properties of ethanol-methylcyclohexane and ethanol-toluene systems, J. Phys. Chem., 1966, 70(8), 2572-2593. [all data]

Rabinovich and Nikolaev, 1962
Rabinovich, I.B.; Nikolaev, P.N., Isotopic effect in the specific heat of some deutero compounds, Dokl. Akad. Nauk, 1962, SSSR 142, 1335-1338. [all data]

Swietoslawski and Zielenkiewicz, 1960
Swietoslawski, W.; Zielenkiewicz, A., Mean specific heat in homologous series of binary and ternary positive azeotropes, Bull. Acad. Pol. Sci. Ser. Sci. Chim., 1960, 8, 651-653. [all data]

Mazur, 1940
Mazur, V.J., On the specific heat of ethyl alcohol, Acta Phys. Polon., 1940, 8, 6-11. [all data]

Bykov, 1939
Bykov, V.T., Heat of mixing of liquids, Zhur. Fiz. Khim., 1939, 13, 1013-1019. [all data]

Ernst, Watkins, et al., 1936
Ernst, R.C.; Watkins, C.H.; Ruwe, H.H., The physical properties of the ternary system ethyl alcohol-glycerin-water, J. Phys. Chem., 1936, 40, 627-635. [all data]

Fiock, Ginnings, et al., 1931
Fiock, E.F.; Ginnings, D.C.; Holton, W.B., Calorimetric determinations of thermal properties of methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, and benzene, J. Res., 1931, NBS 6, 881-900. [all data]

Mitsukuri and Hara, 1929
Mitsukuri, S.; Hara, K., Specific heats of acetone, methyl-, ethyl-, and n-propyl-alcohols at low temperatures, Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, 1929, 4, 77-81. [all data]

Parks, Kelley, et al., 1929
Parks, G.S.; Kelley, K.K.; Huffman, H.M., Thermal data on organic compounds. V. A revision of the entropies and free energies of nineteen organic compounds, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1929, 51, 1969-1973. [all data]

Willams and Daniels, 1924
Willams, J.W.; Daniels, F., The specific heats of certain organic liquids at elevated temperatures, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1924, 46, 903-917. [all data]

Gibson, Parks, et al., 1920
Gibson, G.E.; Parks, G.S.; Latimer, W.M., Entropy changes at low temperatures. II. Ethyl and propyl alcohols and their equal molal mixture, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1920, 42, 1542-1550. [all data]

von Reis, 1881
von Reis, M.A., Die specifische Wärme flüssiger organischer Verbindungen und ihre Beziehung zu deren Moleculargewicht, Ann. Physik [3], 1881, 13, 447-464. [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, References

Symbols used in this document:

C_p,liquid	Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid
S°_liquid	Entropy of liquid at standard conditions
Δ_cH°_liquid	Enthalpy of combustion of liquid at standard conditions
Δ_fH°_liquid	Enthalpy of formation of liquid at standard conditions

Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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