Carbon monoxide

Formula: CO
Molecular weight: 28.0101
IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/CO/c1-2
IUPAC Standard InChIKey: UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Registry Number: 630-08-0
Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
Other names: Carbon oxide (CO); CO; Exhaust gas; Flue gas; Carbonic oxide; Carbon oxide; Carbone (oxyde de); Carbonio (ossido di); Kohlenmonoxid; Kohlenoxyd; Koolmonoxyde; NA 9202; Oxyde de carbone; UN 1016; Wegla tlenek; Carbon monooxide
Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
Information on this page:
Other data available:
- Reaction thermochemistry data: reactions 51 to 100, reactions 101 to 150, reactions 151 to 200, reactions 201 to 249
- Gas phase ion energetics data
- Ion clustering data
- Fluid Properties
Data at other public NIST sites:
Options:
- Switch to SI units

Data at NIST subscription sites:

NIST subscription sites provide data under the NIST Standard Reference Data Program, but require an annual fee to access. The purpose of the fee is to recover costs associated with the development of data collections included in such sites. Your institution may already be a subscriber. Follow the links above to find out more about the data in these sites and their terms of usage.

Gas phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Constants of diatomic molecules, References, Notes

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_fH°_gas	-26.417 ± 0.041	kcal/mol	Review	Cox, Wagman, et al., 1984	CODATA Review value
Δ_fH°_gas	-26.417	kcal/mol	Review	Chase, 1998	Data last reviewed in September, 1965
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
S°_{gas,1 bar}	47.2419 ± 0.001	cal/mol*K	Review	Cox, Wagman, et al., 1984	CODATA Review value
S°_{gas,1 bar}	47.242	cal/mol*K	Review	Chase, 1998	Data last reviewed in September, 1965

Gas Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)

C_p° = A + B*t + C*t² + D*t³ + E/t²
H° − H°_298.15= A*t + B*t²/2 + C*t³/3 + D*t⁴/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t²/2 + D*t³/3 − E/(2*t²) + G
C_p = heat capacity (cal/mol*K)
H° = standard enthalpy (kcal/mol)
S° = standard entropy (cal/mol*K)
t = temperature (K) / 1000.

View plot Requires a JavaScript / HTML 5 canvas capable browser.

View table.

Temperature (K)	298. to 1300.	1300. to 6000.
A	6.110801	8.401219
B	1.457011	0.310730
C	0.969086	-0.049216
D	-0.638456	0.003239
E	0.031315	-0.784603
F	-28.20480	-30.55390
G	54.34190	55.38050
H	-26.41661	-26.41661
Reference	Chase, 1998	Chase, 1998
Comment	Data last reviewed in September, 1965	Data last reviewed in September, 1965

Phase change data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Constants of diatomic molecules, References, Notes

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
T_boil	81.63	K	N/A	Mullins, Kirk, et al., 1963	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.05 K; TRC
T_boil	81.61	K	N/A	Clayton and Giauque, 1932	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.07 K; TRC
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
T_triple	67.95	K	N/A	Gill and Morrison, 1966	Crystal phase 1 phase; Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.06 K; TRC
T_triple	68.12	K	N/A	Mullins, Kirk, et al., 1963	Crystal phase 1 phase; Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.05 K; TRC
T_triple	68.09	K	N/A	Clayton and Giauque, 1932	Crystal phase 1 phase; Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.07 K; TRC
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
T_c	134.45	K	N/A	Cardoso, 1915	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.4 K; 4 determinations with same result; TRC
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
P_c	34.5300	atm	N/A	Cardoso, 1915	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.2999 atm; TRC
P_c	34.5300	atm	N/A	Cardoso, 1915	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.2999 atm; TRC
P_c	34.6900	atm	N/A	Cardoso, 1915	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.2999 atm; TRC
P_c	34.7500	atm	N/A	Cardoso, 1915	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.2999 atm; TRC
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
ρ_c	11.1	mol/l	N/A	Cardoso, 1915	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.04 mol/l; extrapolation of rectilinear diameter to Tc; TRC

Enthalpy of vaporization

Δ_vapH (kcal/mol)	Temperature (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
1.4	93.	A	Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987	Based on data from 68. to 108. K.; AC
1.4	81.	N/A	Clayton and Giauque, 1932, 2	Based on data from 69. to 83. K.; AC
1.4	81.	C	Clayton and Giauque, 1932, 2	AC

Enthalpy of sublimation

Δ_subH (kcal/mol)	Temperature (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
1.8	58.	N/A	Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987	Based on data from 54. to 61. K.; AC
1.9	60.	A	Stull, 1947	Based on data from 51. to 68. K.; AC
1.9	62.	A	Crommelin, Bijleveld, et al., 1931	Based on data from 57. to 68. K.; AC

In addition to the Thermodynamics Research Center (TRC) data available from this site, much more physical and chemical property data is available from the following TRC products:

Reaction thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Constants of diatomic molecules, References, Notes

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
MS - José A. Martinho Simões
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
RCD - Robert C. Dunbar
B - John E. Bartmess
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Reactions 1 to 50

(solution) + (solution) = C₁₄H₂₁MnO₂ (solution) + Carbon monoxide (solution)

By formula: C₈H₅MnO₃ (solution) + C₇H₁₆ (solution) = C₁₄H₂₁MnO₂ (solution) + CO (solution)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	47. ± 2.	kcal/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 18 values; Individual data points

(solution) + (solution) = C₁₂H₁₆CrO₅ (solution) + Carbon monoxide (solution)

By formula: C₆CrO₆ (solution) + C₇H₁₆ (solution) = C₁₂H₁₆CrO₅ (solution) + CO (solution)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	27.1 ± 0.8	kcal/mol	AVG	N/A	Average of 13 values; Individual data points

(solution) = C₅CrO₅ (solution) + Carbon monoxide (solution)

By formula: C₆CrO₆ (solution) = C₅CrO₅ (solution) + CO (solution)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	40.20 ± 0.60	kcal/mol	KinS	Graham and Angelici, 1967	solvent: Decalin; The reaction enthalpy and entropy were identified with the enthalpy and entropy of activation for the reaction of Cr(CO)6(solution) with PBu3(solution).; MS
Δ_rH°	38.10	kcal/mol	KinS	Werner and Prinz, 1966	solvent: n-Decane+cyclohexane mixture; The reaction enthalpy and entropy were identified with the enthalpy and entropy of activation for the reactions of Cr(CO)6(solution) with a phosphine and an amine. The results were quoted from Graham and Angelici, 1967.; MS

(solution) = C₅MoO₅ (solution) + Carbon monoxide (solution)

By formula: C₆MoO₆ (solution) = C₅MoO₅ (solution) + CO (solution)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	31.7 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	KinS	Graham and Angelici, 1967	solvent: Decalin; The reaction enthalpy and entropy were identified with the enthalpy and entropy of activation for the reaction of Mo(CO)6(solution) with PBu3(solution).; MS
Δ_rH°	30.21	kcal/mol	KinS	Werner and Prinz, 1966	solvent: n-Decane+cyclohexane mixture; The reaction enthalpy and entropy were identified with the enthalpy and entropy of activation for the reactions of Mo(CO)6(solution) with a phosphine and an amine. The results were quoted from Graham and Angelici, 1967.; MS

(solution) = C₅O₅W (solution) + Carbon monoxide (solution)

By formula: C₆O₆W (solution) = C₅O₅W (solution) + CO (solution)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	39.9 ± 1.6	kcal/mol	KinS	Graham and Angelici, 1967	solvent: Decalin; The reaction enthalpy and entropy were identified with the enthalpy and entropy of activation for the reaction of W(CO)6(solution) with PBu3(solution).; MS
Δ_rH°	39.01	kcal/mol	KinS	Werner and Prinz, 1966	solvent: n-Decane+cyclohexane mixture; The reaction enthalpy and entropy were identified with the enthalpy and entropy of activation for the reactions of W(CO)6(solution) with a phosphine and an amine. The results were quoted from Graham and Angelici, 1967.; MS

C₁₁H₂O₁₁Os (solution) + Carbon monoxide (solution) = (g) + (solution)

By formula: C₁₁H₂O₁₁Os (solution) + CO (solution) = H₂ (g) + C₁₂O₁₂Os₃ (solution)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	-9.0 ± 2.3	kcal/mol	ES/KS	Poë, Sampson, et al., 1993	solvent: Decalin; Calculated from equilibrium and kinetic data Poë, Sampson, et al., 1993.; MS
Δ_rH°	-18.5 ± 2.3	kcal/mol	N/A	Poë, Sampson, et al., 1993	solvent: Decalin; Calculated from data for the reactions Os3(CO)10(H)2(solution) + CO(solution) = Os3(CO)11(H)2(solution) (hrxn [kJ/mol]=-39.7±1.3, srxn [J/(mol K)]=-80.3±3.8) and Os3(CO)11(H)2(solution) + CO(solution) = Os3(CO)12(solution) + H2(g) (hrxn [kJ/mol]=-37.7±9.6, srxn [J/(mol K)]=-32.6±27.6) Poë, Sampson, et al., 1993.; MS

(g) = C₄FeO₄ (g) + Carbon monoxide (g)

By formula: C₅FeO₅ (g) = C₄FeO₄ (g) + CO (g)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	41.5 ± 3.0	kcal/mol	LPHP	Lewis, Golden, et al., 1984	Please also see Smith and Laine, 1981. Temperature range: 670-780 K. The reaction enthalpy at 298 K relies on an activation energy of 40.01 kcal/mol and assumes a negligible activation barrier for product recombination. The enthalpy of formation relies on -173.0 ± 1.6 kcal/mol for the enthalpy of formation of Fe(CO)5(g). At least two other estimates of the activation energy for the Fe(CO)4(g) + CO(g) recombination have been reported: 1.7 kcal/mol Miller and Grant, 1985 and 3.99 kcal/mol Walsh, 1986. In Lewis, Golden, et al., 1984 authors have considered that the Fe(CO)4(g) fragment is in its singlet excited state. However, it has also been suggested that the fragment is formed in its triplet ground state Ray, Brandow, et al., 1988 Sunderlin, Wang, et al., 1992; MS
Δ_rH°	55. ± 11.	kcal/mol	N/A	Engelking and Lineberger, 1979	Please also see Compton and Stockdale, 1976. Method: LPS and collision with low energy electrons.; MS

(g) = C₅MoO₅ (g) + Carbon monoxide (g)

By formula: C₆MoO₆ (g) = C₅MoO₅ (g) + CO (g)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	34.9 ± 5.0	kcal/mol	KinG	Ganske and Rosenfeld, 1990	MS
Δ_rH°	40.5 ± 3.0	kcal/mol	LPHP	Lewis, Golden, et al., 1984	The reaction enthalpy at 298 K relies on an activation energy of 39.01 kcal/mol and assumes a negligible activation barrier for product recombination. The enthalpy of formation relies on -218.8 ± 0.50 kcal/mol for the enthalpy of formation of Mo(CO)6(g); MS
Δ_rH°	30.21	kcal/mol	KinG	Cetini and Gambino, 1963	Please also see Graham and Angelici, 1967. The reaction enthalpy and entropy were identified with the enthalpy and entropy of activation for the reaction of Mo(CO)6(g) with CO(g) Cetini and Gambino, 1963. The results were quoted from Graham and Angelici, 1967.; MS

(g) = C₅O₅W (g) + Carbon monoxide (g)

By formula: C₆O₆W (g) = C₅O₅W (g) + CO (g)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	46.0 ± 3.0	kcal/mol	LPHP	Lewis, Golden, et al., 1984	The reaction enthalpy at 298 K relies on an activation energy of 44.50 kcal/mol and assumes a negligible activation barrier for product recombination. The enthalpy of formation relies on -211.3 ± 0.65 kcal/mol for the enthalpy of formation of W(CO)6(g); MS
Δ_rH°	39.79	kcal/mol	KinG	Cetini and Gambino, 1963, 2	Please also see Graham and Angelici, 1967. The reaction enthalpy and entropy were identified with the enthalpy and entropy of activation for the reaction of W(CO)6(g) with CO(g) Cetini and Gambino, 1963, 2. The results were quoted from Graham and Angelici, 1967.; MS

(g) = C₅CrO₅ (g) + Carbon monoxide (g)

By formula: C₆CrO₆ (g) = C₅CrO₅ (g) + CO (g)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	37.0 ± 5.0	kcal/mol	KinG	Fletcher and Rosenfeld, 1988	MS
Δ_rH°	36.8 ± 3.0	kcal/mol	LPHP	Lewis, Golden, et al., 1984	Temperature range: 740-820 K. The reaction enthalpy at 298 K relies on an activation energy of 35.30 kcal/mol and assumes a negligible activation barrier for product recombination.; MS
Δ_rH°	38.70	kcal/mol	KinG	Pajaro, Calderazzo, et al., 1960	Please also see Graham and Angelici, 1967. The reaction enthalpy and entropy were identified with the enthalpy and entropy of activation for the reaction of Cr(CO)6(g) with CO(g) Pajaro, Calderazzo, et al., 1960. The results were quoted from Graham and Angelici, 1967.; MS

C₁₀H₅CrNO₅ (solution) + Carbon monoxide (solution) = (solution) + (solution)

By formula: C₁₀H₅CrNO₅ (solution) + CO (solution) = C₆CrO₆ (solution) + C₄H₄N₂ (solution)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	-14.8	kcal/mol	KinS	Wovkulich and Atwood, 1980	solvent: Hexane; The data rely on the enthalpy and entropy of activation for the forward reaction, 25.4 ± 1.1 kcal/mol and 13.0±14.6 J/(mol K) Dennenberg and Darensbourg, 1972, and also on the enthalpy and entropy of activation for the Cr-CO dissociation in Cr(CO)6, 40.20 ± 0.60 kcal/mol and 94.6±6.3 J/(mol K) Graham and Angelici, 1967. The latter data were obtained in decalin; MS

CO⁺ + Carbon monoxide = (CO⁺ • )

By formula: CO⁺ + CO = (CO⁺ • CO)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	16.	kcal/mol	PIPECO	Norwood, Guo, et al., 1988	gas phase; CO+ in state B, Δ_rH>; M
Δ_rH°	22.4	kcal/mol	PI	Linn, Ono, et al., 1981	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	28. ± 7.	kcal/mol	EI	Munson and Franlin, 1962	gas phase; from IP'switching reaction and heats of formation; M
Δ_rH°	25.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Field, 1974	gas phase; Δ_rH>, DG>; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Field, 1974	gas phase; Δ_rH>, DG>; M

Free energy of reaction

Δ_rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
4.9	340.	HPMS	Chong and Franklin, 1971	gas phase; equilibrium uncertain; M
11.5	695.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Field, 1974	gas phase; Δ_rH>, DG>; M

(cr) = 6 Carbon monoxide (g) + (cr)

By formula: C₆O₆W (cr) = 6CO (g) + W (cr)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	71.4 ± 1.1	kcal/mol	TD-HFC, HAL-HFC	Al-Takhin, Connor, et al., 1984	The reaction enthalpy corresponds to the TD experiments and leads to -229.9 ± 1.1 kcal/mol for the enthalpy of formation. The value -960±3 was recommended by the authors Al-Takhin, Connor, et al., 1984. Other values for the enthalpy of sublimation have been reported: 17.5 ± 0.2 kcal/mol Adedeji, Brown, et al., 1975, 17.7 ± 1.0 kcal/mol Hieber and Romberg, 1935, 16.7 ± 1.0 kcal/mol Rezukhina and Shvyrev, 1952, and 18.9 ± 0.26 kcal/mol Daamen, Ernsting, et al., 1979 Boxhoorn, Ernsting, et al., 1980. See also Pilcher, Ware, et al., 1975; MS
Δ_rH°	70.77 ± 0.43	kcal/mol	TD-HZC	Barnes, Pilcher, et al., 1974	Please also see Pedley and Rylance, 1977 and Tel'noi and Rabinovich, 1977.; MS

(solution) + 3 Carbon monoxide (solution) = 3C₅O₅Ru (solution)

By formula: C₁₂O₁₂Ru₃ (solution) + 3CO (solution) = 3C₅O₅Ru (solution)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	-3.11 ± 0.26	kcal/mol	EqS	Koelliker and Bor, 1991	solvent: Isooctane; Temperature range: 373-448 K; MS
Δ_rH°	-6.48 ± 0.45	kcal/mol	EqS	Bor, 1986	solvent: n-Hexane; Temperature range: ca. 348-448 K; MS

(solution) = C₇Co₂O₇ (solution) + Carbon monoxide (solution)

By formula: C₈Co₂O₈ (solution) = C₇Co₂O₇ (solution) + CO (solution)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	22.2	kcal/mol	KinS	Ungváry and Markó, 1974	solvent: Heptane; Temperature range: 298-328 K; MS
Δ_rH°	21.0	kcal/mol	KinS	Ungváry, 1972	solvent: Heptane; Temperature range: 307-337 K; MS

(cr) + (l) = C₁₀H₅NO₅W (cr) + Carbon monoxide (g)

By formula: C₆O₆W (cr) + C₄H₄N₂ (l) = C₁₀H₅NO₅W (cr) + CO (g)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	8.27	kcal/mol	N/A	Nakashima and Adamson, 1982	The reaction enthalpy was calculated from the enthalpy of the reaction W(CO)6(solution) + py(solution) = W(CO)5(py)(solution) + CO(solution) in cyclohexane, 6.55 ± 0.69 kcal/mol, together with the enthalpies of solution of W(CO)6(cr), W(CO)5(py)(cr), and py(l), 35.7, 36.4, and 1.9 kcal/mol, respectively Nakashima and Adamson, 1982.; MS

+ Carbon monoxide = ( • )

By formula: CHO⁺ + CO = (CHO⁺ • CO)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	10.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Jennings, Headley, et al., 1982	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	12.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Saluja, et al., 1979	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	11.7	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Field, 1974	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Jennings, Headley, et al., 1982	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	24.	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Saluja, et al., 1979	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	20.9	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Field, 1974	gas phase; M

+ Carbon monoxide = ( • )

By formula: Co⁺ + CO = (Co⁺ • CO)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	41.6 ± 1.7	kcal/mol	CIDT	Rodgers and Armentrout, 2000	RCD
Δ_rH°	39. ± 3.	kcal/mol	MKER	Carpenter, van Koppen, et al., 1995	gas phase; M

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
41.5 (+1.6,-0.)		CID	Goebel, Haynes, et al., 1995	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M
39.0 (+4.8,-0.)		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

(solution) + (solution) = C₁₂H₁₆MoO₅ (solution) + Carbon monoxide (solution)

By formula: C₆MoO₆ (solution) + C₇H₁₆ (solution) = C₁₂H₁₆MoO₅ (solution) + CO (solution)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	32.3 ± 2.9	kcal/mol	PAC	Johnson, Popov, et al., 1991	solvent: Heptane; The reaction enthalpy relies on 0.67 for the quantum yield of CO dissociation.; MS
Δ_rH°	31.8 ± 1.3	kcal/mol	PAC	Morse, Parker, et al., 1989	solvent: Heptane; The reaction enthalpy relies on 0.67 for the quantum yield of CO dissociation; MS

C₂FeO₂ (g) = Carbon monoxide (g) + CFeO (g)

By formula: C₂FeO₂ (g) = CO (g) + CFeO (g)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	36.7 ± 3.5	kcal/mol	FA-SIFT	Sunderlin, Wang, et al., 1992	MS
Δ_rH°	>27.0	kcal/mol	N/A	Venkataraman, Bandukwalla, et al., 1989	Method: Velocity distributions of photofragments from Fe(CO)5.; MS
Δ_rH°	23.9 ± 6.9	kcal/mol	N/A	Engelking and Lineberger, 1979	Please also see Compton and Stockdale, 1976. Method: LPS and collision with low energy electrons.; MS

(g) = 4 Carbon monoxide (g) + (cr)

By formula: C₄NiO₄ (g) = 4CO (g) + Ni (cr)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	38.34 ± 0.60	kcal/mol	EqG	Monteil, Raffin, et al., 1988	The reaction enthalpy is the average of several 2nd and 3rd law results Monteil, Raffin, et al., 1988; MS

+ Carbon monoxide = ( • )

By formula: Ni⁺ + CO = (Ni⁺ • CO)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	39. ± 3.	kcal/mol	MKER	Carpenter, van Koppen, et al., 1995	gas phase; determined from MKER and theory; M

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
41.7 (+2.5,-0.)		CID	Khan, Steele, et al., 1995	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M
42.5 (+2.2,-0.)		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

C₃FeO₃ (g) = Carbon monoxide (g) + C₂FeO₂ (g)

By formula: C₃FeO₃ (g) = CO (g) + C₂FeO₂ (g)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	29.0 ± 5.8	kcal/mol	FA-SIFT	Sunderlin, Wang, et al., 1992	MS
Δ_rH°	25.1	kcal/mol	N/A	Venkataraman, Bandukwalla, et al., 1989	Method: Velocity distributions of photofragments from Fe(CO)5.; MS
Δ_rH°	32.7 ± 6.9	kcal/mol	N/A	Engelking and Lineberger, 1979	Please also see Compton and Stockdale, 1976. Method: LPS and collision with low energy electrons.; MS

CFeO (g) = Carbon monoxide (g) + (g)

By formula: CFeO (g) = CO (g) + Fe (g)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	8.4 ± 3.5	kcal/mol	FA-SIFT	Sunderlin, Wang, et al., 1992	MS
Δ_rH°	<39.0	kcal/mol	N/A	Venkataraman, Bandukwalla, et al., 1989	Method: Velocity distributions of photofragments from Fe(CO)5.; MS
Δ_rH°	21. ± 6.9	kcal/mol	N/A	Engelking and Lineberger, 1979	Please also see Compton and Stockdale, 1976. Method: LPS and collision with low energy electrons.; MS

C₄FeO₄ (g) = C₃FeO₃ (g) + Carbon monoxide (g)

By formula: C₄FeO₄ (g) = C₃FeO₃ (g) + CO (g)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	28.0 ± 8.6	kcal/mol	FA-SIFT	Sunderlin, Wang, et al., 1992	MS
Δ_rH°	10.	kcal/mol	N/A	Venkataraman, Bandukwalla, et al., 1989	Method: Velocity distributions of photofragments from Fe(CO)5.; MS
Δ_rH°	4.5 ± 9.3	kcal/mol	N/A	Engelking and Lineberger, 1979	Please also see Compton and Stockdale, 1976. Method: LPS and collision with low energy electrons.; MS

(solution) = C₃NiO₃ (solution) + Carbon monoxide (solution)

By formula: C₄NiO₄ (solution) = C₃NiO₃ (solution) + CO (solution)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	22.6	kcal/mol	KinS	Turner, Simpson, et al., 1983	solvent: Liquid krypton; The reaction enthalpy relies on the experimental value for the activation enthalpy, 22.6 kcal/mol, and on the assumption that the activation enthalpy for product recombination is negligible Turner, Simpson, et al., 1983.; MS

(CAS Reg. No. 71564-27-7 • 4294967295 Carbon monoxide ) + = CAS Reg. No. 71564-27-7

By formula: (CAS Reg. No. 71564-27-7 • 4294967295CO) + CO = CAS Reg. No. 71564-27-7

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	34.7 ± 9.6	kcal/mol	N/A	Nakajima, Taguwa, et al., 1994	gas phase; Vertical Detachment Energy: 3.02±0.13 eV; B
Δ_rH°	36. ± 12.	kcal/mol	N/A	Engelking and Lineberger, 1979	gas phase; B
Δ_rH°	41.7 ± 2.5	kcal/mol	CIDT	Sunderlin, Wang, et al., 1992	gas phase; Affinity: CO..Fe(CO)3-; B

= + Carbon monoxide

By formula: C₁₅H₁₀O = C₁₄H₁₀ + CO

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	-6.7 ± 1.2	kcal/mol	Cpha	Hung and Grabowski, 1992	liquid phase; solvent: Alkane; ALS
Δ_rH°	4.2 ± 2.5	kcal/mol	Cpha	Herman and Goodman, 1989	solid phase; solvent: Acetonitrile/water; ALS
Δ_rH°	-9.9 ± 2.9	kcal/mol	Cpha	Grabowski, Simon, et al., 1984	liquid phase; solvent: Benzene; ALS

( • 2 Carbon monoxide ) + = ( • 3)

By formula: (CHO⁺ • 2CO) + CO = (CHO⁺ • 3CO)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	4.7 ± 0.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Mori, 1989	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	6.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Saluja, et al., 1979	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	15.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Mori, 1989	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	26.	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Saluja, et al., 1979	gas phase; M

( • 3 Carbon monoxide ) + = ( • 4)

By formula: (CHO⁺ • 3CO) + CO = (CHO⁺ • 4CO)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	4.5 ± 0.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Mori, 1989	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	6.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Saluja, et al., 1979	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	18.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Mori, 1989	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	29.	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Saluja, et al., 1979	gas phase; M

( • 4 Carbon monoxide ) + = ( • 5)

By formula: (CHO⁺ • 4CO) + CO = (CHO⁺ • 5CO)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	4.2 ± 0.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Mori, 1989	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	5.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Saluja, et al., 1979	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	22.9	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Mori, 1989	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	32.	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Saluja, et al., 1979	gas phase; M

( • Carbon monoxide ) + = ( • 2)

By formula: (CHO⁺ • CO) + CO = (CHO⁺ • 2CO)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	4.9 ± 0.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Mori, 1989	gas phase; M
Δ_rH°	6.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Saluja, et al., 1979	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	15.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Mori, 1989	gas phase; M
Δ_rS°	24.	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka, Saluja, et al., 1979	gas phase; M

CNiO (g) = Carbon monoxide (g) + (g)

By formula: CNiO (g) = CO (g) + Ni (g)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	40.6 ± 5.8	kcal/mol	FA-SIFT	Sunderlin, Wang, et al., 1992	MS
Δ_rH°	25.8	kcal/mol	N/A	McQuaid, Morris, et al., 1988	Method: Chemiluminescence spectroscopy.; MS
Δ_rH°	29. ± 15.	kcal/mol	N/A	Stevens, Feigerle, et al., 1982	Please also see Compton and Stockdale, 1976. Method: LPS and collision with low energy electrons.; MS

( • Carbon monoxide ) + = ( • 2)

By formula: (Co⁺ • CO) + CO = (Co⁺ • 2CO)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	36.6 ± 2.2	kcal/mol	CIDT	Rodgers and Armentrout, 2000	RCD

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
36.4 (+2.1,-0.)		CID	Goebel, Haynes, et al., 1995	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M
32.9 (+4.8,-0.)		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

+ Carbon monoxide = ( • )

By formula: Fe⁺ + CO = (Fe⁺ • CO)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	30.8 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	CIDT	Rodgers and Armentrout, 2000	RCD
Δ_rH°	32. ± 3.	kcal/mol	MKER	Carpenter, van Koppen, et al., 1995	gas phase; determined from MKER and theory; M

Enthalpy of reaction

Δ_rH° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
31.3 (+1.9,-0.)		CID	Armentrout and Kickel, 1994	gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M

(solution) + Carbon monoxide (solution) = (solution)

By formula: C₆H₃MnO₅ (solution) + CO (solution) = C₇H₃MnO₆ (solution)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	-13.4 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	RSC	Nolan, López de la Vega, et al., 1986	solvent: Tetrahydrofuran; MS
Δ_rH°	-12.6	kcal/mol	EqS	Calderazzo, 1977	solvent: 2,2'-diethoxydiethyl ether; MS

(g) = 0.5 (g) + 4 Carbon monoxide (g) + (cr)

By formula: C₄HCoO₄ (g) = 0.5H₂ (g) + 4CO (g) + Co (cr)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	30.38 ± 0.50	kcal/mol	EqG	Bronshstein, Gankin, et al., 1966	Please also see Pedley and Rylance, 1977 and Cox and Pilcher, 1970. Temperature range: ca. 423-533 K; MS

( • Carbon monoxide ) + = ( • 2)

By formula: (Na⁺ • CO) + CO = (Na⁺ • 2CO)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	5.7 ± 0.7	kcal/mol	CIDT	Rodgers and Armentrout, 2000	RCD
Δ_rH°	5.7 ± 0.7	kcal/mol	CIDT	Walter, Sievers, et al., 1998	RCD
Δ_rH°	7.5	kcal/mol	HPMS	Castleman, Peterson, et al., 1983	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	15.1	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Castleman, Peterson, et al., 1983	gas phase; M

(solution) + (solution) = C₁₀H₅NO₅W (solution) + Carbon monoxide (solution)

By formula: C₆O₆W (solution) + C₄H₄N₂ (solution) = C₁₀H₅NO₅W (solution) + CO (solution)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	6.55 ± 0.69	kcal/mol	PC	Nakashima and Adamson, 1982	solvent: Cyclohexane; MS
Δ_rH°	5.95 ± 0.69	kcal/mol	PC	Nakashima and Adamson, 1982	solvent: Benzene; MS
Δ_rH°	4.40 ± 0.1	kcal/mol	PC	Nakashima and Adamson, 1982	solvent: Tetrahydrofuran; MS

+ Carbon monoxide = ( • )

By formula: Na⁺ + CO = (Na⁺ • CO)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	7.6 ± 1.9	kcal/mol	CIDT	Rodgers and Armentrout, 2000	RCD
Δ_rH°	7.6 ± 1.9	kcal/mol	CIDT	Walter, Sievers, et al., 1998	RCD
Δ_rH°	12.6	kcal/mol	HPMS	Castleman, Peterson, et al., 1983	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	20.4	cal/mol*K	HPMS	Castleman, Peterson, et al., 1983	gas phase; M

(g) = C₃NiO₃ (g) + Carbon monoxide (g)

By formula: C₄NiO₄ (g) = C₃NiO₃ (g) + CO (g)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	25. ± 2.	kcal/mol	N/A	Stevens, Feigerle, et al., 1982	Please also see Compton and Stockdale, 1976. The enthalpy of formation relies on -144.0 ± 0.62 kcal/mol for the enthalpy of formation of Ni(CO)4(g) Method: LPS and collision with low energy electrons.; MS

(CO⁺ • 2 Carbon monoxide ) + = (CO⁺ • 3)

By formula: (CO⁺ • 2CO) + CO = (CO⁺ • 3CO)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	7.21	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Mori, 1991	gas phase; two isomers, at low and high temperatures; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	24.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Mori, 1991	gas phase; two isomers, at low and high temperatures; M

(CO⁺ • 5 Carbon monoxide ) + = (CO⁺ • 6)

By formula: (CO⁺ • 5CO) + CO = (CO⁺ • 6CO)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	2.70	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Mori, 1991	gas phase; two isomers, at low and high temperatures; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	19.1	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Mori, 1991	gas phase; two isomers, at low and high temperatures; M

C₃₄H₅₂OTh (solution) + Carbon monoxide (solution) = C₃₅H₅₂O₂Th (solution)

By formula: C₃₄H₅₂OTh (solution) + CO (solution) = C₃₅H₅₂O₂Th (solution)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	-5.9 ± 1.5	kcal/mol	EqS	Moloy and Marks, 1984	solvent: Toluene; Temperature range: ca. 180-200 K; MS

C₂₉H₅₀OTh (solution) + Carbon monoxide (solution) = C₃₀H₅₀O₂Th (solution)

By formula: C₂₉H₅₀OTh (solution) + CO (solution) = C₃₀H₅₀O₂Th (solution)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	-4.49 ± 0.91	kcal/mol	EqS	Moloy and Marks, 1984	solvent: Toluene; Temperature range: ca. 180-220 K; MS

(cr) = 6 Carbon monoxide (g) + (cr)

By formula: C₆MoO₆ (cr) = 6CO (g) + Mo (cr)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	77.89 ± 0.36	kcal/mol	TD-HZC	Barnes, Pilcher, et al., 1974, 2	Please also see Pedley and Rylance, 1977 and Tel'noi and Rabinovich, 1977.; MS
Δ_rH°	71.0 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TD-HFC	Connor, Skinner, et al., 1972	Please also see Pedley and Rylance, 1977 and Tel'noi and Rabinovich, 1977.; MS

( • 14 Carbon monoxide ) + = ( • 15)

By formula: (CHO⁺ • 14CO) + CO = (CHO⁺ • 15CO)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	1.76	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Hiraoka and Mori, 1989	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Hiraoka and Mori, 1989	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(solution) + Carbon monoxide (solution) = C₁₁H₁₀CrO (solution)

By formula: C₁₀H₁₀Cr (solution) + CO (solution) = C₁₁H₁₀CrO (solution)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	-18.8 ± 0.50	kcal/mol	EqS	Wong and Brintzinger, 1975	solvent: Toluene; Temperature range: 280-308 K; MS

(cr) = 6 Carbon monoxide (g) + (cr)

By formula: C₆CrO₆ (cr) = 6CO (g) + Cr (cr)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	63.6 ± 1.	kcal/mol	TD-HFC	Al-Takhin, Connor, et al., 1984, 2	MS
Δ_rH°	75.3 ± 0.2	kcal/mol	TD-HZC	Pittam, Pilcher, et al., 1975	Please also see Pedley and Rylance, 1977 and Tel'noi and Rabinovich, 1977.; MS
Δ_rH°	64.4 ± 1.1	kcal/mol	TD-HFC	Connor, Skinner, et al., 1972	MS

2 (solution) = C₁₂Co₄O₁₂ (solution) + 4 Carbon monoxide (solution)

By formula: 2C₈Co₂O₈ (solution) = C₁₂Co₄O₁₂ (solution) + 4CO (solution)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
Δ_rH°	29.49 ± 0.50	kcal/mol	EqS	Bor and Dietler, 1980	solvent: Hexane; Temperature range: 378-418 K; MS

Henry's Law data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Constants of diatomic molecules, References, Notes

Data compiled by: Rolf Sander

Henry's Law constant (water solution)

k_H(T) = k°_H exp(d(ln(k_H))/d(1/T) ((1/T) - 1/(298.15 K)))
k°_H = Henry's law constant for solubility in water at 298.15 K (mol/(kg*bar))
d(ln(k_H))/d(1/T) = Temperature dependence constant (K)

k°_H (mol/(kg*bar))	d(ln(k_H))/d(1/T) (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
0.00099	1300.	L	N/A
0.00095	1600.	Q	N/A	Only the tabulated data between T = 273. K and T = 303. K from missing citation was used to derive k_H and -Δ k_H/R. Above T = 303. K the tabulated data could not be parameterized by equation (reference missing) very well. The partial pressure of water vapor (needed to convert some Henry's law constants) was calculated using the formula given by missing citation. The quantities A and α from missing citation were assumed to be identical.
0.00086		Q	N/A	missing citation give several references for the Henry's law constants but don't assign them to specific species.
0.00095	1300.	L	N/A
0.00082		c	N/A
0.0074		M	N/A

IR Spectrum

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Constants of diatomic molecules, References, Notes

Data compiled by: Coblentz Society, Inc.

GAS (400 mmHg DILUTED TO A TOTAL PRESSURE OF 600 mmHg WITH N2); DOW KBr FOREPRISM; DIGITIZED BY NIST FROM HARD COPY (FROM TWO SEGMENTS); 4 cm^-1 resolution

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, IR Spectrum, Constants of diatomic molecules, References, Notes

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

Notice: This spectrum may be better viewed with a Javascript and HTML 5 enabled browser.

Additional Data

View image of digitized spectrum (can be printed in landscape orientation).

Due to licensing restrictions, this spectrum cannot be downloaded.

Owner	NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
NIST MS number	19

All mass spectra in this site (plus many more) are available from the NIST/EPA/NIH Mass Spectral Library. Please see the following for information about the library and its accompanying search program.

Constants of diatomic molecules

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes

Data compiled by: Klaus P. Huber and Gerhard H. Herzberg

Data collected through October, 1976

Symbols used in the table of constants
Symbol	Meaning
State	electronic state and / or symmetry symbol
T_e	minimum electronic energy (cm^-1)
ω_e	vibrational constant – first term (cm^-1)
ω_ex_e	vibrational constant – second term (cm^-1)
ω_ey_e	vibrational constant – third term (cm^-1)
B_e	rotational constant in equilibrium position (cm^-1)
α_e	rotational constant – first term (cm^-1)
γ_e	rotation-vibration interaction constant (cm^-1)
D_e	centrifugal distortion constant (cm^-1)
β_e	rotational constant – first term, centrifugal force (cm^-1)
r_e	internuclear distance (Å)
Trans.	observed transition(s) corresponding to electronic state
ν₀₀	position of 0-0 band (units noted in table)

Diatomic constants for ¹²C¹⁶O
State	T_e	ω_e	ω_ex_e	ω_ey_e	B_e	α_e	γ_e	D_e	β_e	r_e	Trans.	ν₀₀
Absorption in the 100 -20 Å region. K absorption of C and O. 1
↳Nakamura, Morioka, et al., 1971
Absorption cross sections from 650 - 180 Å.
↳Lee, Carlson, et al., 1973; Watson, Stewart, et al., 1975; Wight, van der Wiel, et al., 1976
Several weak and fragmentary progressions in the region 620 - 530 Å (161000 - 186000 cm^-1), probably corresponding to excitation of two electrons and tentatively assigned as first members of Rydberg series converging to higher electronic states of CO⁺ derived from the photoelectron spectrum [revised assignments Asbrink, Fridh, et al., 1974]. 2
↳Codling and Potts, 1974
Rydberg series converging to B ²Σ⁺ (v=0) of CO⁺ (also series or fragments if series with v'=1, 2)3:
(ndσ,π) 4	Ogawa and Ogawa's series IV (joining on to R)
	ν = 158664 - R/(n-0.19)²; n = 3,4,...,10.
	↳missing citation
(npσ,π) 5	Tanaka's diffuse series (joining on to D₂, D₃)
	ν = 158664 - R/(n-0.55)²; n = 4,5,...,9.
	↳missing citation; missing citation
	Ogawa and Ogawa's series V (joining on to U)
	ν = 158664 - R/(n-0.61)²; n = 5,6,7.
	↳missing citation
	Tanaka's sharp series (joining on to S₁, S₂)
	ν = 158664 - R/(n-0.650-0.084/n-0.13/n²)²; n = 3,4,...,13.
	↳missing citation; missing citation
(nsσ) 7	Ogawa and Ogawa's series III (joining on to T6)
(npσ)	ν = 158664 - R/(n-0.902-0.232/n)²; n = 4,5,...,18.
(npσ)	↳missing citation
State	T_e	ω_e	ω_ex_e	ω_ey_e	B_e	α_e	γ_e	D_e	β_e	r_e	Trans.	ν₀₀
D₃	(153271)	(1705)	(18.5)								D₃ ← X 8	153037
D₃	↳missing citation; missing citation
U	(153199)	[1676]									U ← X	152955
U	↳missing citation
D₂	(149294)	(1730)	(30)								D₂ ← X 8	149070
D₂	↳missing citation; missing citation
S₂	(148929)	(1750)	(30)								S₂ ← X	148715
S₂	↳missing citation; missing citation
State	T_e	ω_e	ω_ex_e	ω_ey_e	B_e	α_e	γ_e	D_e	β_e	r_e	Trans.	ν₀₀
T	(147065)	(1658)	(11)		9						T ← X	146810
T	↳missing citation
R	(144939)	(1735)	(28)		9						R ← X	144718
R	↳missing citation
S₁	(138038)	(1771)	(29)		9						S₁ ← X	137835
S₁	↳missing citation
Rydberg series10 converging to A ²Π(v=0) of CO⁺ [also series with v'=1...8 (Ogawa a. Ogawa) and v'=1,2,3 (Tanaka)]3
(nsσ)	Ogawa and Ogawa's series 11 (joining on to W [n=3, see Ogawa and Ogawa, 1974] and O₁, O₂)
	ν = 133484(A ²Π_1/2) - R/(n-1.077)²; n = 4,5,...,12.
	↳missing citation
(npσ,π)	Tanaka's alpha series (joining on to P)
	ν = 133380(A ²Π_3/2) - R/(n-0.67)²; n = 4,5,...,8.
	↳missing citation; missing citation
State	T_e	ω_e	ω_ex_e	ω_ey_e	B_e	α_e	γ_e	D_e	β_e	r_e	Trans.	ν₀₀
Q	129043	1558	10.6		9						Q ← X 10 R	128738
Q	↳Tanaka, 1942
O₂ (¹Π)	126729	1560	13.3								O₂ ← X R	126424
O₂ (¹Π)	↳missing citation; missing citation
P	123656	[1521]									P ← X R	123335
P	↳missing citation; missing citation
O₁ (¹Π)	121137	1570	13.4		9						O₁ ← X R	120837
O₁ (¹Π)	↳Henning, 1932; missing citation
State	T_e	ω_e	ω_ex_e	ω_ey_e	B_e	α_e	γ_e	D_e	β_e	r_e	Trans.	ν₀₀
N	(119882)	(1600)									N ← X 10	(119600)
N	↳Henning, 1932
Rydberg series10 converging to X ²Σ⁺(v=0) of CO⁺ [also series with v'=1]3:
npπ	Ogawa and Ogawa's series11 (joining on to E, L)
	ν_inf = 113029; formula not given, merging into npσ above n=8.
	↳missing citation
npσ	Ogawa and Ogawa's series11 (joining on to C, K)
	ν_inf = 113029 - R/(n-0.615 - 0.263/n - 0.165/n²)²; n=3,4,...,32.
	↳missing citation
nsσ	Lindholm's series (joining on to B, J, I')
	ν_inf = 113029; formula not given, n=3,4,...,10.
	↳missing citation
State	T_e	ω_e	ω_ex_e	ω_ey_e	B_e	α_e	γ_e	D_e	β_e	r_e	Trans.	ν₀₀
I' (5sσ)											I' ← X	106383 12
I' (5sσ)	↳missing citation; Lindholm, 1969
Z ¹Σ⁺					[(1.9)]					[(1.14)]	Z ↔ X 10 R	(105724) 13 (Z)
Z ¹Σ⁺	↳Tilford and Simmons, 1974
H15 (¹Π)	(105811)	(1097)	(47)								H ← X 10 14 R	105266
H15 (¹Π)	↳Hopfield and Birge, 1927
H' ¹Π					[1.415]					[1.318]	H' ← X R	104119.6 Z
H' ¹Π	↳Ogawa and Ogawa, 1974
State	T_e	ω_e	ω_ex_e	ω_ey_e	B_e	α_e	γ_e	D_e	β_e	r_e	Trans.	ν₀₀
L ¹Π 4pπ	103251	2181 Z	(15)		[1.9812]			[0.000014]		[1.114]	L ← X V	103271.5 Z
L ¹Π 4pπ	↳missing citation; Ogawa and Ogawa, 1974
L' (¹Π)											L' ← X R	103215 HQ
L' (¹Π)	↳Ogawa and Ogawa, 1974
K ¹Σ⁺ 4pσ					[1.9189]			[0.000066]		[1.132]	K ← X R	103054.₃ Z
K ¹Σ⁺ 4pσ	↳missing citation; Ogawa and Ogawa, 1974
W ¹Π					[1.5585]			[0.000065]		[1.256]	W ↔ X R	102807.1 Z
W ¹Π	↳Ogawa and Ogawa, 1974; Tilford and Simmons, 1974
State	T_e	ω_e	ω_ex_e	ω_ey_e	B_e	α_e	γ_e	D_e	β_e	r_e	Trans.	ν₀₀
W' ¹Π					[1.536]					[1.265]	W' ← X R	102310.6 Z
W' ¹Π	↳missing citation
J ¹Σ⁺ 4sσ	(101409)	[2235.3] Z	(15)		[1.9203] 16			[0.0000058] 16		[1.1315] 16	J ← X R	(101456) (Z)
J ¹Σ⁺ 4sσ	↳missing citation
G ¹Π(3dπ)					[1.9625]			[0.000007]		[1.1193]	G ← X V	101031 Z
G ¹Π(3dπ)	↳missing citation
G' ¹Π					[(1.59)]					[1.24]	G' ← X R	100651
G' ¹Π	↳missing citation
State	T_e	ω_e	ω_ex_e	ω_ey_e	B_e	α_e	γ_e	D_e	β_e	r_e	Trans.	ν₀₀
h (³Σ⁺,4sσ)											h ← X R	(100392) (Z)
h (³Σ⁺,4sσ)	↳Ogawa and Ogawa, 1974
Y ¹Σ⁺					[(1.83)]					[1.16]	Y → X R	(99963) (Z)
Y ¹Σ⁺	↳Tilford and Simmons, 1974
F ¹Σ⁺(3dσ)	(99803)	[2034.4] Z	17		[1.86]	18		[0.00008] 18		[1.15]	F ← X R	99739 Z
F ¹Σ⁺(3dσ)	↳missing citation
V ¹Π					[1.7]					[1.2]	V ↔ → X R	98919 HQ
V ¹Π	↳Ogawa and Ogawa, 1974; Tilford and Simmons, 1974
A ¹Π state at 98836 cm^-1 reported by Tschulanovsky, 1939 was shown ( Tilford and Simmons, 1974) to be due to N₂.
State	T_e	ω_e	ω_ex_e	ω_ey_e	B_e	α_e	γ_e	D_e	β_e	r_e	Trans.	ν₀₀
g ³Σ⁺											g ← X R	(98129.₁) (Z)
g ³Σ⁺	↳Ogawa and Ogawa, 1974
E ¹Π 3pπ	(92903)	[2153.8] Z	(42)		1.9771 19	0.0254		[0.0000065]		1.1152	E → A V	28185.18 20 Z
	↳missing citation; Kepa, Knot-Wisniewska, et al., 1975
											E ← X 21 V	92930.03 Z
	↳missing citation; Ogawa and Ogawa, 1974
c ³Π 3pπ	[93158.5]				[1.935] 22			[-0.000131] 23		[1.127]	c → a V	43603.7
	↳missing citation
											c ← X V	92076.9 Z
	↳missing citation
State	T_e	ω_e	ω_ex_e	ω_ey_e	B_e	α_e	γ_e	D_e	β_e	r_e	Trans.	ν₀₀
C ¹Σ⁺ 3pσ	91916.5	2175.92 Z	14.76 24		1.9533 25	0.0196		0.0000062		1.1219	C → A 26 27 V	27174.4 20 Z
	↳Schmid and Gero, 1935
											C ↔ X 26 28 V	91919.15 Z
	↳Tilford and Vanderslice, 1968; Aarts and de Heer, 1970
j (³Σ⁺3pσ)	90975	[2166] Z	(15)		[1.8785] 29	(0.02)		[0.0000079]		[1.1441]	j ← X R	90988.04 Z
j (³Σ⁺3pσ)	↳Tilford and Vanderslice, 1968
											30
State	T_e	ω_e	ω_ex_e	ω_ey_e	B_e	α_e	γ_e	D_e	β_e	r_e	Trans.	ν₀₀
k	[90972] 31										k → a V	41417 H
k	↳Kaplan, 1930
B ¹Σ⁺ 3sσ	86945.2	2112.7 Z	15.22 32		1.9612 33	0.0261		0.0000071		1.1197	B → A 34 35 V	22171.3₅ 20 Z
	↳Schmid and Gero, 1935
											B → X 34 36 V	86916.16 Z
	↳missing citation; Aarts and de Heer, 1970
b ³Σ⁺ 3sσ	(83814)	2199.3 Z			1.986 37 38	0.042				1.113	b → a 39 40 V	35358.₅ Z
	↳Dieke and Mauchly, 1933; Gero, 1936; Beer, 1937
											b ← X 40 V	83831.7 H
	↳Hopfield and Birge, 1927
f (³Σ⁺)	This state, first suggested by Schmid and Gero, 1937 and listed by missing citation at T₀ = 83744, is in all probability not a separate state but represents v = 31 and 35 of a' ³Σ⁺.41
State	T_e	ω_e	ω_ex_e	ω_ey_e	B_e	α_e	γ_e	D_e	β_e	r_e	Trans.	ν₀₀
D ¹Δ	65928	1094	10.2		1.257	0.017				1.399	D ← X R	65391 42
D ¹Δ	↳missing citation; Simmons and Tilford, 1971; Tilford and Simmons, 1972
I ¹Σ^-	65084.4₀	1092.22	10.704 43		1.2705 44	0.01848 45		D₂ = 9.0E-6		1.3911	I ← X R	64546.26 Z
I ¹Σ^-	↳missing citation; Simmons and Tilford, 1971; missing citation
A ¹Π	65075.7₇	1518.2₄	19.4 46		1.6115 47	0.02325 48		0.00000733 49		1.2353	A ↔ X 50 51 52 R	64748.48 53 Z
A ¹Π	↳missing citation; missing citation
e ³Σ^-	64230.2₄	1117.7₂	10.686 54		1.2836 55	0.01753 56		0.00000677 57		1.384	e → a 58 R	15231.6
	↳missing citation; Barrow, 1961
											e ← X T	63704.85 Z
	↳missing citation; Simmons and Tilford, 1971; missing citation
State	T_e	ω_e	ω_ex_e	ω_ey_e	B_e	α_e	γ_e	D_e	β_e	r_e	Trans.	ν₀₀
d ³Δ_i	61120 59	1171.94	10.635 60		1.3108 61	0.01782 62		0.00000659 57		1.3696	d → a 63 58 R	12148.7
	↳Gero and Szabo, 1939; Carroll, 1962; Slanger and Black, 1970
											d ← X R	60621.9 60 Z
	↳Herzberg, Hugo, et al., 1970; missing citation
a' ³Σ⁺	55825.49	1228.6	10.468 64		1.3446 65	0.01892 66		0.00000641 57		1.3523	a' → a 67 68 R	6882.4
	↳Asundi, 1929; Beer, 1937; Gero and Lorinezi, 1939
											a' ← X 68 R	55355.6 Z
	↳missing citation; Simmons and Tilford, 1971; missing citation
State	T_e	ω_e	ω_ex_e	ω_ey_e	B_e	α_e	γ_e	D_e	β_e	r_e	Trans.	ν₀₀
a ³Π_r	48686.7 69	1743.41	14.36 70		1.69124 71	0.01904 72		0.00000636 73		1.20574	a ↔ X 74 75 R	48473.22 70
a ³Π_r	↳missing citation; Field, Tilford, et al., 1972; missing citation
X ¹Σ⁺	0	2169.81358	13.28831 76		1.93128087 77	0.01750441 78		6.12147E-06 79		1.128323 80 81
	3-0
	↳Bouanich, Levy, et al., 1967; Bouanich, Levy, et al., 1968; Bouanich and Brodbeck, 1974
	2-082
	↳Mantz and Maillard, 1974
	1-083
	↳Rank, Skorinko, et al., 1960; Rao, Humphreys, et al., 1966
	Rotation sp.:
	Far IR sp. 84
	↳Loewenstein, 1960
	Microwave sp.
	↳Rosenblum, Nethercot, et al., 1958; Helminger, De Lucia, et al., 1970; Lovas and Krupenie, 1974
	Molecular beam el. reson.85
	↳Muenter, 1975
	Mol. beam magn. reson.86
	↳Ozier, Yi, et al., 1967; Ozier, Crapo, et al., 1968

Notes

Preceding the two K limits (see 88) are strong Rydberg series of absorption bands. The longest-wavelength absorptions correspond to excitation to the 2π orbital yielding a weak ³Π ← X ¹Σ⁺ and a strong ¹Π ← X ¹Σ⁺ peak at 283 and 285 eV for the transitions from ls_C and at 529 and 532 eV for the transitions from 1s₀ Nakamura, Morioka, et al., 1971. The transitions to the ¹Π states have also been observed in electron impact experiments at 287.7 and 534.4 eV van der Wiel, El-Sherbini, et al., 1970.

Dissociation produced by absorption in these bands and subsequent atomic fluorescence Lee, Carlson, et al., 1975; predissociation into C⁺ + O^- Locht and Durer, 1975.

Calcu1ated Franck-Condon factors for ionization: X ²Σ⁺ ← X ¹Σ⁺, A ²Π ← ¹Σ⁺, and B ²Σ⁺ ← X ¹Σ⁺, see Krupenie and Benesch, 1968 and Nicholls, 1968. Observed Franck-Condon factors from photoelectron spectrum Turner and May, 1966, Comes and Speier, 1971, Gardner and Samson, 1974; absolute ionization cross-sections Judge and Lee, 1972, Samson and Gardner, 1976.

Tanaka's diffuse series (joining on to D₂, D₃)

Ogawa and Ogawa's series III (joining on to T6)

The progression P₅ of Tanaka, 1942 [called T in MOLSPEC 1 and missing citation] must be reclassified as representing the members n=6, 7, and 9 of series III; see the spectrograms of Tanaka, 1942 and Ogawa and Ogawa, 1972.

ν = 158664 - R/(n-0.902-0.232/n)²; n = 4,5,...,18.

Diffuse looking bands.

Preionization observed in electro-ionization of CO Carbonneau and Marmet, 1973.

Absorption and photoionization coefficients from 1000 to 600 Å Cook, Metzger, et al., 1965.

These series and progressions from the high resolution work of Ogawa and Ogawa, 1972 agree only partially with the early work Tanaka, 1942, Takamine, Tanaka, et al., 1943 at lower resolution.

This strong absorption band is clearly present but not assigned on the spectrogram of Ogawa and Ogawa, 1972.

An absorption band at this wavenumber is visible but not identified on the published spectrogram of Ogawa and Ogawa, 1972.

This is the strongest system of Hopfield and Birge, 1927. It is clearly present on the reproduction of Ogawa and Ogawa, 1972, but these authors consider the first band at 950 Å as due to v'=1 of K(4pσ)←X. Do not assign the second (strongest) band at 941 Å and consider the third band at 933 Å as n=5, v'=0 of the Rydberg series which starts with C(3pσ) and E(3pπ).

Previously called G [see missing citation]. The present G ¹Π is from Ogawa and Ogawa, 1974.

v=0 diffuse by predissociation, v=1 sharp. The rotational constants are for v=1 Ogawa and Ogawa, 1974.

Jevons, 1932 gives ω_e = 2112 Jevons, 1932, ω_ex_e = 198 Jevons, 1932, presumably from private communication by Hopfield-Birge.

B₁ = 1.837, D₁ = 3E-6.

Clear case of accidental predissociation for J=31 (e level) at 94872 cm^-1 above v=0, J=0 of X ¹Σ⁺ Simmons and Tilford, 1974.

The ν₀₀ values for B→A, C→A, E→A are not deperturbed and, therefore, do not add up with the deperturbed ν₀₀ for A-X (see also 53) to the ν₀₀ values listed for B-X, C-X, and E-X.

Oscillator strength f₀₀ = 0.094 Lassettre and Skerbele, 1971.

Λ-type doubling, Δν = 0.011N(N+1). Triplet splitting unobservably small as for most Rydberg states.

H₀ = -1.9E-7. The rotational constants represent average values for the two Λ-doubling components.

Only v=0 and 1 observed in absorption, only v=0 in emission. ω_e, ω_ex_e derived with the aid of isotope (¹²,¹³CO) data, see Tilford and Vanderslice, 1968.

μ_el = 4.5 D Fisher and Dalby, 1976, from Stark effect observations on the Herzberg bands Fisher and Dalby, 1976.

Lifetime τ(v=0) = 1.5 ns Hesser, 1968, Dotchin and Chupp, 1973; electronic branching ratios Dotchin and Chupp, 1973.

Kepa, 1969 and Asundi, Dhumwad, et al., 1970 have studied the bands of the isotopic molecules ¹³C¹⁶O and ¹²C¹⁸O.

Osci1lator strength f₀₀ = 0.16₃ Lassettre and Skerbele, 1971.

Rotational lines are diffuse because of predissociation.

In the electron energy loss spectrum Swanson, Celotta, et al., 1975 find a peak at 90858 cm^-1 which, according to them, cannot be identified with the j ³Σ⁺ state.

single 0-v" progression.

Only two vibrational levels observed, ΔG(1/2) = 2082.26. ω_e, ω_ex_e derived with the aid of isotope data Tilford and Vanderslice, 1968.

A partial breaking off of the rotational structure in the Å bands occurs above J=37 in v'=0 and above J=17 in v'=1 leading to a dissociation limit at 89595 ± 30 cm^-1 Douglas and Moller, 1955. RKR potential missing citation. μ_el = 1.6₀ D Fisher and Dalby, 1976 from Stark effect measurements on the Å bands Fisher and Dalby, 1976.

Lifetime τ(v=0) = 21.8 ns Imhof, Read, et al., 1972, good agreement with Hesser, 1968, Rogers and Anderson, 1970, Dotchin and Chupp, 1973. τ(v=1) = 15.5 ns Imhof, Read, et al., 1972; Rogers and Anderson, 1970 give 23.8 ns. Electronic branching ratios Dotchin and Chupp, 1973.

Franck-Condon factors missing citation. Kepa and Rytel, 1970 have studied the rotational structure in the Å bands of the isotopic molecules ¹²C¹⁸O, ¹³C¹⁶O, ¹³C¹⁸O and the perturbations in these isotopes as well as in ¹²C¹⁶O; see also Douglas and Moller, 1955, Janjic, Pesic, et al., 1969.

Oscillator strength f₀₀ = 0.015₃ Lassettre and Skerbele, 1971. Discussion of the r-dependence of the transition moment Imhof, Read, et al., 1972.

This state is strongly perturbed by the higher vibrational levels of the a' ³Σ⁺ state (near its dissociation limit). Dieke and Mauchly, 1933 derived B₀ = 1.89 from lines with N values between 7 and 15. Gero, 1935 from deperturbed term values derived B₀ = 2.058 ; Schmid and Gero, 1935, 2 gave α = 0.033 Schmid and Gero, 1935, 2. The listed values of B_e and α_e are from a revised deperturbation by Stepanov, 1940 who also gives the deperturbed constants ΔG(1/2) = 2188 Stepanov, 1940 and τ₀ = 83816 Stepanov, 1940.

Only two vibrational levels, v=0 and 1, have been observed. Breaking off on account of predissociation in v=0 above N=55, in v=1 above N=42 Gero, 1935, Gero, 1936. The absence of v=2 is puzzling since it is expected to lie below the dissociation limit Barrow, Gratzer, et al., 1956.

Lifetimes τ(v=0) =53.6 ns Rogers and Anderson, 1970, 2, Smith, Imhof, et al., 1973, τ(v=1) = 69.1 ns Rogers and Anderson, 1970, 2, Smith, Imhof, et al., 1973.

Franck-Condon factors missing citation.

This interpretation was first suggested by Gero, 1938. It is in agreement with the data of Tilford and Simmons, 1972 on the a'-X system. The occurrence of these particular vibrational levels of a' ³Σ⁺ in the emission spectrum is due to strong interaction with b ³Σ⁺. Indeed, the levels mentioned were observed as "extra" bands accompanying the b ³Σ⁺ → a ³Π (third positive) bands.

Extrapo1ated, only v'=1, 6, 21 observed.

ω_ex_e= +0.055₄(v+1/2)³- ...; for higher order coefficients see Tilford and Simmons, 1972.

RKR potential Tilford and Simmons, 1972.

α_v= +0.00029₁(v+1/2)² - + ...; for higher order coefficients see Tilford and Simmons, 1972. Revised coefficients from deperturbed B_v values in Field, 1971.

missing note

Numerous perturbations produced by e ³Σ^-, d ³Δ, a' ³Σ⁺, D ¹Δ, I ¹Σ^-, discussed by many investigators and summarized in Simmons, Bass, et al., 1969. Deperturbed T_v and B_v values are given by Field, Wicke, et al., 1972, see also Field, 1971. RKR potential Tilford and Simmons, 1972; the potential function has a maximum, the last observed level lies above the dissociation limit.

α_v= +0.00159(v+1/2)² - + ...; higher order coefficients in Tilford and Simmons, 1972, revised coefficients from deperturbed B values in Field, 1971.

Calculated value, β_e = +0.10E-6; see Field, Wicke, et al., 1972.

Lifetimes Hesser, 1968, Imhof and Read, 1971, Burnham, Isler, et al., 1972 : τ=10.7 ns; v=0, τ=10.4 ns; v=1, τ=9.4 ns; v=2, τ=9.0 ns; v=3, τ=9.7 ns; v=4, τ=9.8 ns; v=5, τ=10.5 ns;v=6. Values that are about 50% larger were given by Chervenak and Anderson, 1971.

Oscillator strength f_el = 0.195 Lassettre and Skerbele, 1971, f₀₀ = 0.020 Lassettre and Skerbele, 1971. f values from lifetime measurements Hesser, 1968 are approximately a factor of 2 smaller. See also Mumma, Stone, et al., 1971 [r-dependence of electronic transition moment, f_el ~ 0.15 Mumma, Stone, et al., 1971] and Pilling, Bass, et al., 1971, Vargin, Pasynkova, et al., 1973. Franck-Condon factors Halmann and Laulicht, 1966, missing citation, Shimauchi, 1976.

See Shvangiradze, Oganezov, et al., 1960, Rytel and Siwiec, 1973 for spectroscopic data on ¹³CO and C¹⁸O.

This is a nominal, rotationally deperturbed value. The lowest observed levels (v=0, J=1) lie at 64747.90(-) and at 64748.09(+) which would correspond to a J=0 level at 64744.8 cm^-1.

ω_ex_e= +0.117₄(v+1/2)³- + ... Tilford and Simmons, 1972; from Tilford and Simmons, 1972, see also Field, 1971.

Spin-splitting constant λ₀= +0.51; for its dependence on v see Field, 1971, Field and Lefebvre-Brion, 1974. RKR potential Tilford and Simmons, 1972.

α_v= +7.₁E-6(v+1/2)² + - ...; the coefficients are from Tilford and Simmons, 1972, but considerably different values for the higher order terms were obtained by Field, 1971 from deperturbed rotational constants.

Calculated value, see Field, 1971.

Intensity distribution, relative electronic transition moments: e→a Slanger and Black, 1976, d→a Slanger and Black, 1972. Franck-Condon factors; d→a missing citation. Rotational intensity distribution in the "triplet" bands Kovacs and Toros, 1965.

A_v = -16.00₅ - 0.113(v+1/2) - 0.0035₇(v+1/2)² Field, 1971.

ω_ex_e= +0.0785(v+1/2)³-0.00163₄(v+1/2)⁴ Tilford and Simmons, 1972. The constants refer to the ³Δ₂ component Tilford and Simmons, 1972; see also Field, 1971.

RKR potential Tilford and Simmons, 1972.

α_v= +0.000113(v+1/2)² Tilford and Simmons, 1972. The constants refer to the ³Δ₂ component Tilford and Simmons, 1972. From properly averaged term values of v=3,4,7,9 Carroll, 1962 gives B_e = 1.3099 Carroll, 1962, α_e = 0.0167₇ Carroll, 1962 in good agreement with the first two of the expansion coefficients determined by Field, 1971.

Lifetime strongly dependent on J and Ω because of perturbations by A ¹Π Slanger and Black, 1973.

ω_ex_e= +0.0091(v+1/2)³ + 0.00259(v+1/2)⁴- + ... Tilford and Simmons, 1972. Revised coefficients from deperturbed T_v values in Field, 1971.

Spin-splitting constants λ₀ = -1.23, γ₀ ~ -0.007; dependence on v Field, 1971, Field and Lefebvre-Brion, 1974. See also Sink, Lefebvre-Brion, et al., 1975. Dipole moment μ_el = 1.06D (-CO+), from the radiofrequency spectrum of a³Π; see Wicke, Field, et al., 1972, Wicke, Klemperer, et al., 1975. RKR potential Tilford and Simmons, 1972.

α_v= +0.00034₅(v+1/2)² - + ... Tilford and Simmons, 1972; revised coefficients from deperturbed B_v values in Field, 1971.

Lifetime τ= 3.7 to 2.9 μs; v=5 to 8 Hartfuss and Schmillen, 1968.

Franck-Condon factors Halmann and Laulicht, 1966, missing citation.

A_v =+ 41.53 - 0.14(v+1/2) - 0.009(v+1/2)²; A_J(v=0) = -0.000206.

ω_ex_e= -0.04₅(v+1/2)³ + 0.002₅(v+1/2)⁴; all vibrational and rotational constants for this state are from deperturbed levels Field, Tilford, et al., 1972, Field, Wicke, et al., 1972.

Very precise values for the Λ-type doubling in ³Π₁ and ³Π₂, v=0-7, J=1-8, have been obtained Stern, Gammon, et al., 1970, Gammon, Stern, et al., 1971, Wicke, Field, et al., 1972, Wicke, Klemperer, et al., 1975 from the study of the radiofrequency spectrum in a molecular beam electric resonance apparatus. While these doublings are small and increase rapidly with J the Λ-doubling for ³Π₀ [from combination defects Dieke and Mauchly, 1933, Freund and Klemperer, 1965] is fairly large at low J (~1.7 cm^-1) and decreases with J. Hyperfine structure in ¹³C¹⁶O Gammon, Stern, et al., 1971, 2. Dipole moment (+CO-) from molecular beam electric resonance spectrum μ_el(v=0) = 1.374 D Wicke, Field, et al., 1972; dipole moment function and radiative lifetimes for vibrational transitions in a ³Π Wicke and Klemperer, 1975, Wicke and Klemperer, 1975, 2.

α_v= -0.000041(v+1/2)²; see β.

Calculated value, β_e = +0.04E-6 Field, Tilford, et al., 1972, Field, Wicke, et al., 1972.

Lifetime from time of flight studies τ= ~9.5 ms Johnson, 1972; from afterglow decay τ= 7.₅ ms Lawrence, 1971, Wauchop and Broida, 1972; theoretical values James, 1971.

missing note

ω_ex_e= +0.010511(v+1/2)³ + 5.74E-5(v+1/2)⁴ + 9.8₃E-7(v+1/2)⁵ - 3.16₆E-8(v+1/2)⁶; v≤37 Mantz and Maillard, 1975.

RKR potential functions Mantz, Watson, et al., 1971, Dickinson, 1972, Fleming and Rao, 1972.

α_v= +5.487E-7(v+1/2)² + 2.5₄E-8(v+1/2)³ Mantz and Maillard, 1975.

D_v= -1.15₃E-9(v+1/2) + 1.80₅E-10(v+1/2)² Mantz and Maillard, 1975; H_v = [5.83 - 0.173₈(v+1/2)]E-12 Mantz and Maillard, 1975.

From the effective B_e value; the "true" B_e = 1.93160 Bunker, 1970 found by Bunker, 1970 after introducing adiabatic and non-adiabatic corrections (and using older data) leads to r_e = 1.12823 Å 469. See also Bunker, 1972, Watson, 1973.

Rot.-vibr. sp. 96, 97:

Δv=2 sequence up to 33-31 in chemiluninescence Schwartz and Thrush, 1969 and flames Mantz and Maillard, 1974.

Δv=1 sequence up to 37-36 in the CO laser Mantz, Nichols, et al., 1970, Yardley, 1970, Kildal, Eng, et al., 1974; 1-0 band in resonance fluorescence Millikan, 1963, McCaa and Williams, 1964.

Line widths and intensities Dowling, 1969, Sanderson, Scott, et al., 1971. High pressure gas and liquid far IR absorption spectra in Ar Buontempo, Cunsolo, et al., 1973; the quadrupole moment derived from this and other experimental and theoretical work [see Billingsley and Krauss, 1974] is Q_m= -2.0E-26 esu cm².

μ_el(v=0, J=0) = 0.10980 D (^-CO⁺); with the dipole moment function of Toth, Hunt, et al., 1969 (see 97) this gives 0.1222 D at r_e Muenter, 1975.

g_J = -0.2689₀ μ_N Ozier, Yi, et al., 1967 for ¹²C¹⁶O Ozier, Yi, et al., 1967; g_J = -0.2569₁ μ_N Ozier, Crapo, et al., 1968 for ¹³C¹⁶O Ozier, Crapo, et al., 1968.

From the predissociation in the B ¹Σ⁺ state (see 33). The uncertainty of ±0.017 eV corresponds to the uncertainty as to which combination of ³P component states arises at the dissociation limit.

From Rydberg series Ogawa and Ogawa, 1972. For the second and third I.P. (1π and 4σ orbitals) see the higher Rydberg limits in the Table. The fourth, fifth, and sixth I.P. (3σ, 2σ, 1σ) have been determined from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to be 38.9, 296.24 (K limit of C), and 542.57 eV. (K limit of O), respectively Siegbahn, Nordling, et al., 1969, Thomas, 1970, Smith and Thomas, 1976. See also 3.

Absorption and photoionization coefficients from 1000 to 600 Å Cook, Metzger, et al., 1965.

cf. Ogawa and Ogawa's Rydberg series converging to A ²Π_1/2.

The b→a bands with v'=1 were previously called "5B" bands Asundi, 1929.

Lifetime of this state (and/or D ¹Δ) 97 ± 15 μs Wells, Borst, et al., 1973.

ω_ex_e= +0.76₆(v+1/2)³ - + ...; higher order coefficients in Tilford and Simmons, 1972. Because of numerous perturbations (see 95) these constants do not accurately represent the observed (v≤23) vibrational levels. Revised coefficients from deperturbed T_v values [see Field, Wicke, et al., 1972] in Field, 1971.

Franck-Condon factors Halmann and Laulicht, 1966, missing citation.

For data on ¹³C¹⁶O, ¹²C¹⁸O, ¹³C¹⁸O see Johns, McKellar, et al., 1974, Chen, Rao, et al., 1976.

Intensities in 1-0, 2-0, 3-0 rotation-vibration bands and dipole moment function Young and Eachus, 1966, Toth, Hunt, et al., 1969, Moskalenko and Mirumyants, 1971, Roux, Effantin, et al., 1972, Billingsley and Krauss, 1974, 2, Bouanich and Brodbeck, 1974, 2, Varanasi and Sarangi, 1975 Tipping, 1976; for Δv=1 transitions with v=4-10 Weisbach and Chackerian, 1973. Pressure shift and pressure broadening Hunt, Toth, et al., 1968, Hoover and Williams, 1969, Bouanich, Larvor, et al., 1969, Bouanich and Brodbeck, 1974, Varanasi, 1975, Moskalenko, 1975.

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Constants of diatomic molecules, Notes

Cox, Wagman, et al., 1984
Cox, J.D.; Wagman, D.D.; Medvedev, V.A., CODATA Key Values for Thermodynamics, Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, 1984, 1. [all data]

Chase, 1998
Chase, M.W., Jr., NIST-JANAF Themochemical Tables, Fourth Edition, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Monograph 9, 1998, 1-1951. [all data]

Mullins, Kirk, et al., 1963
Mullins, J.C.; Kirk, B.S.; Ziegler, W.T., , U. S. A. E. C. NP-13862, 1963. [all data]

Clayton and Giauque, 1932
Clayton, J.O.; Giauque, W.F., The Heat Capacity and Entropy of Carbon Monoxide. Heat of Vaporization Vapor Pressure of Solid and Liquid. Free Energy to 5000 K from Spectroscopic Data, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1932, 54, 2610. [all data]

Gill and Morrison, 1966
Gill, E.K.; Morrison, J.A., Thermodynamic Properties of Condensed CO, J. Chem. Phys., 1966, 45, 1585. [all data]

Cardoso, 1915
Cardoso, E., Study of the Critical Point of Several Difficultly LIquifiable Gases: Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Oxygen and Methane, J. Chim. Phys. Phys.-Chim. Biol., 1915, 13, 312. [all data]

Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw, Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2 . [all data]

Clayton and Giauque, 1932, 2
Clayton, J.O.; Giauque, W.F., The heat capacity and entropy of carbon monoxide. Heat of vaporization. Vapor pressures of solid and liquid. Free energy to 5000°K. From spectroscopic data, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1932, 54, 2610-2626. [all data]

Stull, 1947
Stull, Daniel R., Vapor Pressure of Pure Substances. Organic and Inorganic Compounds, Ind. Eng. Chem., 1947, 39, 4, 517-540, https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50448a022 . [all data]

Crommelin, Bijleveld, et al., 1931
Crommelin, C.A.; Bijleveld, W.J.; Brown, E.G., Proc. R. Acad. Sci. Amsterdam, 1931, 34, 1314. [all data]

Graham and Angelici, 1967
Graham, J.R.; Angelici, R.J., Inorg. Chem., 1967, 6, 2082. [all data]

Werner and Prinz, 1966
Werner, H.; Prinz, R., Chem. Ber., 1966, 99, 3582. [all data]

Poë, Sampson, et al., 1993
Poë, A.J.; Sampson, C.N.; Smith, R.T.; Zheng, Y., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1993, 115, 3174. [all data]

Lewis, Golden, et al., 1984
Lewis, K.E.; Golden, D.M.; Smith, G.P., Organometallic bond dissociation energies: Laser pyrolysis of Fe(CO)₅, Cr(CO)₆, Mo(CO)₆, and W(CO)₆, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1984, 106, 3905. [all data]

Smith and Laine, 1981
Smith, G.P.; Laine, R.M., Organometallic bond dissociation energies. Laser pyrolysis of Fe(CO)₅, J. Phys. Chem., 1981, 85, 1620. [all data]

Miller and Grant, 1985
Miller, M.E.; Grant, E.R., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1985, 107, 3386. [all data]

Walsh, 1986
Walsh, R., NATO Advanced Workshop on the Design, Activation and Transformation of Organometallics into Common and Exotic Materials, Montpellier, France, 1986. [all data]

Ray, Brandow, et al., 1988
Ray, U.; Brandow, S.L.; Bandukwalla, G.; Venkataraman, B.K.; Zhang, Z.; Vernon, M., J. Chem. Phys., 1988, 89, 4092. [all data]

Sunderlin, Wang, et al., 1992
Sunderlin, L.S.; Wang, D.; Squires, R.R., Metal Carbonyl Bond Strengths in Fe(CO)n- and Ni(CO)n-, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1992, 114, 8, 2788, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00034a004 . [all data]

Engelking and Lineberger, 1979
Engelking, P.C.; Lineberger, W.C., Laser photoelectron spectrometry of the negative ions of iron and iron carbonyls. Electron affinity determination for the series Fe(CO)n,n=0,1,2,3,4, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1979, 101, 5569. [all data]

Compton and Stockdale, 1976
Compton, R.N.; Stockdale, J.A.D., Formation of gas phase negative ions in Fe(CO)₅ and Ni(CO)₄, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1976, 22, 47. [all data]

Ganske and Rosenfeld, 1990
Ganske, J.A.; Rosenfeld, R.N., J. Phys. Chem., 1990, 94, 4315. [all data]

Cetini and Gambino, 1963
Cetini, G.; Gambino, O., Atti Accad. Sci. Torino, Classe Sci. Fis. Mat. Nat., 1963, 97, 757. [all data]

Cetini and Gambino, 1963, 2
Cetini, G.; Gambino, O., Atti Accad. Sci. Torino, Classe Sci. Fis. Mat. Nat., 1963, 97, 1197. [all data]

Fletcher and Rosenfeld, 1988
Fletcher, R.T.; Rosenfeld, R.N., Recombination of Cr(CO)n with CO: Kinetics and Bond Dissociation Energies, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1988, 110, 7, 2097, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00215a014 . [all data]

Pajaro, Calderazzo, et al., 1960
Pajaro, G.; Calderazzo, F.; Ercoli, R., Gazz. Chim. Ital., 1960, 90, 1486. [all data]

Wovkulich and Atwood, 1980
Wovkulich, M.J.; Atwood, J.D., J. Organometal. Chem., 1980, 184, 77. [all data]

Dennenberg and Darensbourg, 1972
Dennenberg, R.J.; Darensbourg, D.J., Inorg. Chem., 1972, 11, 72. [all data]

Norwood, Guo, et al., 1988
Norwood, K.; Guo, J.H.; Luo, G.; Ng, C.Y., A Photoion - Photoelectron Coincidence Study of (CO)2, J. Chem. Phys., 1988, 88, 6, 4098, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.453814 . [all data]

Linn, Ono, et al., 1981
Linn, S.H.; Ono, Y.; Ng, C.Y., Molecular Beam Photoionization Study of CO, N2, and NO Dimers and Clusters, J. Chem. Phys., 1981, 74, 6, 3342, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.441486 . [all data]

Munson and Franlin, 1962
Munson, M.S.B. Field; Franlin, J.L., High-Pressure Mass Spectrometric Study of Reactions of Rare Gases with N2 and CO, J. Chem. Phys., 1962, 37, 8, 1790, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1733370 . [all data]

Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Field, 1974
Meot-Ner (Mautner), M.; Field, F.H., Kinetics and Thermodynamics of the Association of CO+ with CO and of N2+ with N2 between 120 and 650 K, J. Chem. Phys., 1974, 61, 9, 3742, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1682560 . [all data]

Chong and Franklin, 1971
Chong, S.L.; Franklin, J.L., High-Pressure Ion-Molecule Reactions in Carbon Monoxide and Carbon Monoxide - Methane Mixtures, J. Chem. Phys., 1971, 54, 4, 1487, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1675043 . [all data]

Al-Takhin, Connor, et al., 1984
Al-Takhin, G.; Connor, J.A.; Pilcher, G.; Skinner, H.A., J. Organomet. Chem., 1984, 265, 263. [all data]

Adedeji, Brown, et al., 1975
Adedeji, F.A.; Brown, D.L.S.; Connor, J.A.; Leung, M.; Paz-Andrade, I.M.; Skinner, H.A., J. Organometal. Chem., 1975, 97, 221. [all data]

Hieber and Romberg, 1935
Hieber, W.; Romberg, E., Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem., 1935, 221, 321. [all data]

Rezukhina and Shvyrev, 1952
Rezukhina, T.N.; Shvyrev, V.V., Vestn. Moskov. Univ., 1952, 7, 41. [all data]

Daamen, Ernsting, et al., 1979
Daamen, H.; Ernsting, J.M.; Oskam, A., Thermochim. Acta, 1979, 33, 217. [all data]

Boxhoorn, Ernsting, et al., 1980
Boxhoorn, G.; Ernsting, J.M.; Stufkens, D.J.; Oskam, A., Thermochim. Acta, 1980, 42, 315. [all data]

Pilcher, Ware, et al., 1975
Pilcher, G.; Ware, M.J.; Pittam, D.A., J. Less-Common Met., 1975, 42, 223. [all data]

Barnes, Pilcher, et al., 1974
Barnes, D.S.; Pilcher, G.; Pittam, D.A.; Skinner, H.A.; Todd, D., J. Less-Common Met., 1974, 38, 53. [all data]

Pedley and Rylance, 1977
Pedley, J.B.; Rylance, J., Computer Analysed Thermochemical Data: Organic and Organometallic Compounds, University of Sussex, Brigton, 1977. [all data]

Tel'noi and Rabinovich, 1977
Tel'noi, V.I.; Rabinovich, I.B., Russ. Chem. Rev., 1977, 46, 689. [all data]

Koelliker and Bor, 1991
Koelliker, R.; Bor, G., J. Organometal. Chem., 1991, 417, 439. [all data]

Bor, 1986
Bor, G., Pure & Appl. Chem., 1986, 58, 543. [all data]

Ungváry and Markó, 1974
Ungváry, F.; Markó, L., J. Organometal. Chem., 1974, 71, 283. [all data]

Ungváry, 1972
Ungváry, F., J. Organometal. Chem., 1972, 36, 363. [all data]

Nakashima and Adamson, 1982
Nakashima, M.; Adamson, A.W., J. Phys. Chem., 1982, 86, 2905. [all data]

Jennings, Headley, et al., 1982
Jennings, K.R.; Headley, J.V.; Mason, R.S., The Temperature Dependence of Ion - Molecule Association Reactions, Int. J. Mass. Spectrom. Ion Phys, 1982, 45, 315. [all data]

Hiraoka, Saluja, et al., 1979
Hiraoka, K.; Saluja, P.P.S.; Kebarle, P., Stabilities of Complexes (N2)nH+, (CO)nH+ and (O2)nH+ for n = 1 to 7 Based on Gas Phase Ion Equilibrium Measurements, Can. J. Chem., 1979, 57, 16, 2159, https://doi.org/10.1139/v79-346 . [all data]

Rodgers and Armentrout, 2000
Rodgers, M.T.; Armentrout, P.B., Noncovalent Metal-Ligand Bond Energies as Studied by Threshold Collision-Induced Dissociation, Mass Spectrom. Rev., 2000, 19, 4, 215, https://doi.org/10.1002/1098-2787(200007)19:4<215::AID-MAS2>3.0.CO;2-X . [all data]

Carpenter, van Koppen, et al., 1995
Carpenter, C.J.; van Koppen, P.A.M.; Bowers, M.T., Details of Potential Energy Surfaces Involving C-C Bond Activation: Reactions of Fe+, Co+ and Ni+ with Acetone, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1995, 117, 44, 10976, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00149a021 . [all data]

Goebel, Haynes, et al., 1995
Goebel, S.; Haynes, C.L.; Khan, F.A.; Armentrout, P.B., Collision-Induced Dissociation Studies of Co(CO)x, x = 1-5: Sequential Bond Energies and the Heat of Formation of Co(CO)4, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1995, 117, 26, 6994, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00131a023 . [all data]

Armentrout and Kickel, 1994
Armentrout, P.B.; Kickel, B.L., Gas Phase Thermochemistry of Transition Metal Ligand Systems: Reassessment of Values and Periodic Trends, in Organometallic Ion Chemistry, B. S. Freiser, ed, 1994. [all data]

Johnson, Popov, et al., 1991
Johnson, F.P.A.; Popov, V.K.; George, M.W.; Bagratashvili, V.N.; Poliakoff, M.; Turner, J.J., Mendeleev Commun., 1991, 145.. [all data]

Morse, Parker, et al., 1989
Morse, J.M., Jr.; Parker, G.H.; Burkey, T.J., Organometallics, 1989, 8, 2471. [all data]

Venkataraman, Bandukwalla, et al., 1989
Venkataraman, B.K.; Bandukwalla, G.; Zhang, Z.; Vernon, M., J. Chem. Phys., 1989, 90, 5510. [all data]

Monteil, Raffin, et al., 1988
Monteil, Y.; Raffin, P.; Bouix, J., Thermochim. Acta, 1988, 125, 327. [all data]

Khan, Steele, et al., 1995
Khan, F.A.; Steele, D.L.; Armentrout, P.B., Ligand effects in organometallic thermochemistry: The sequential bond energies of Ni(CO)_x⁺ and Ni(N₂)_x⁺ (x = 1-4) and Ni(NO)_x⁺ (x = 1-3) [Data derived from reported bond energies taking value of 8.273±0.046 eV for IE[Ni(CO)₄]], J. Phys. Chem., 1995, 99, 7819. [all data]

Turner, Simpson, et al., 1983
Turner, J.J.; Simpson, M.B.; Poliakoff, M.; Maier II, W.B., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1983, 105, 3898. [all data]

Nakajima, Taguwa, et al., 1994
Nakajima, A.; Taguwa, T.; Kaya, K., Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Iron Carbonyl Cluster Anions (Fen(CO)m(-), n=1-4), Chem. Phys. Lett., 1994, 221, 5-6, 436, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(94)00301-7 . [all data]

Hung and Grabowski, 1992
Hung, R.R.; Grabowski, J.J., Enthalpy measurements in organic solvents by photoacoustic calorimetry: a solution to the reaction volume problem, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1992, 114, 351-353. [all data]

Herman and Goodman, 1989
Herman, M.S.; Goodman, J.L., Determination of the enthalpy and reaction volume changes of organic photoreactions using photoacoustic calorimetry, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1989, 111, 1849-1854. [all data]

Grabowski, Simon, et al., 1984
Grabowski, J.J.; Simon, J.D.; Peters, K.S., Heat of formation of diphenylcyclopropenone by photoacoustic calorimetry, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1984, 106, 4615-4616. [all data]

Hiraoka and Mori, 1989
Hiraoka, K.; Mori, T., Gas Phase Stabilities of the Cluster Ions H+(CO)2(CO)n, H+(N2)2(N2)n and H+(O2)2(O2)n with n = 1 - 14, Chem. Phys., 1989, 137, 1-3, 345, https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-0104(89)87119-8 . [all data]

McQuaid, Morris, et al., 1988
McQuaid, M.J.; Morris, K.; Gole, J.L., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1988, 110, 5280. [all data]

Stevens, Feigerle, et al., 1982
Stevens, A.E.; Feigerle, C.S.; Lineberger, W.C., Laser Photoelectron Spectrometry of Ni(CO)_n^-, n=1-3, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1982, 104, 19, 5026, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00383a004 . [all data]

Nolan, López de la Vega, et al., 1986
Nolan, S.P.; López de la Vega, R.; Hoff, C.D., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1986, 108, 7852. [all data]

Calderazzo, 1977
Calderazzo, F., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 1977, 16, 299. [all data]

Bronshstein, Gankin, et al., 1966
Bronshstein, Yu.E.; Gankin, V.Yu.; Krinkin, D.P.; Rudkovskii, D.M., Russ. J. Phys. Chem., 1966, 40, 802. [all data]

Cox and Pilcher, 1970
Cox, J.D.; Pilcher, G., Thermochemistry of Organic and Organometallic Compounds in Academic Press, New York, 1970. [all data]

Walter, Sievers, et al., 1998
Walter, D.; Sievers, M.R.; Armentrout, P.B., Alkali Ion Carbonyls: Sequential Bond Energies of Li+(CO)x (x=1-3), Na+(CO)x (x=1, 2), and K+(CO), Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 1998, 175, 1-2, 93, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1176(98)00109-8 . [all data]

Castleman, Peterson, et al., 1983
Castleman, A.W.; Peterson, K.I.; Upschulte, B.L.; Schelling, F.J., Energetics and Structure of Na+ Cluster Ions, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1983, 47, 203, https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7381(83)87171-X . [all data]

Hiraoka and Mori, 1991
Hiraoka, K.; Mori, T., On the formation of the Isomeric Cluster Ions (CO)n+, J. Chem. Phys., 1991, 94, 4, 2697, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.459844 . [all data]

Moloy and Marks, 1984
Moloy, K.G.; Marks, T.J., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1984, 106, 7051. [all data]

Barnes, Pilcher, et al., 1974, 2
Barnes, D.S.; Pilcher, G.; Pittam, D.A.; Skinner, H.A.; Todd, D.; Virmani, Y., J. Less-Common Met., 1974, 36, 177. [all data]

Connor, Skinner, et al., 1972
Connor, J.A.; Skinner, H.A.; Virmani, Y., Microcalorimetric studies. Thermal decomposition and iodination of metal carbonyls, J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 1, 1972, 68, 0, 1754, https://doi.org/10.1039/f19726801754 . [all data]

Wong and Brintzinger, 1975
Wong, K.L.T.; Brintzinger, H.H., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1975, 97, 5143. [all data]

Al-Takhin, Connor, et al., 1984, 2
Al-Takhin, G.; Connor, J.A.; Skinner, H.A.; Zaharani-Moettar, M.T., J. Organomet. Chem., 1984, 260, 189. [all data]

Pittam, Pilcher, et al., 1975
Pittam, D.A.; Pilcher, G.; Barnes, D.S.; Skinner, H.A.; Todd, D., J. Less-Common Met., 1975, 42, 217. [all data]

Bor and Dietler, 1980
Bor, G.; Dietler, U.K., J. Organometal. Chem., 1980, 191, 295. [all data]

Nakamura, Morioka, et al., 1971
Nakamura; Morioka; Hayaishi; Ishiguro; Sasanuma, 3rd International Conference on Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation Physics - Paper 1pA1-6, Tokyo, 1971, 0. [all data]

Lee, Carlson, et al., 1973
Lee, L.C.; Carlson, R.W.; Judge, D.L.; Ogawa, M., The absorption cross sections of N₂, O₂, CO, NO, CO₂, N₂O, CH₄, C₂H₄, C₂H₆ and C₄H₁₀ from 180 to 700 Å, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 1973, 13, 1023. [all data]

Watson, Stewart, et al., 1975
Watson, W.S.; Stewart, D.T.; Gardner, A.B.; Lynch, M.J., The photoabsorption coefficients of CO and CO₂ in the region 350 to 650Å, Planet. Space Sci., 1975, 23, 384. [all data]

Wight, van der Wiel, et al., 1976
Wight, G.R.; van der Wiel, M.J.; Brion, C.E., Dipole excitation, ionization and fragmentation of N₂ and CO in the 10-60 eV region, J. Phys. B:, 1976, 9, 675. [all data]

Asbrink, Fridh, et al., 1974
Asbrink, L.; Fridh, C.; Lindholm, E.; Codling, K., Photoelectron spectrum and Rydberg transitions of CO, Phys. Scr., 1974, 10, 183. [all data]

Codling and Potts, 1974
Codling, K.; Potts, A.W., Corrigendum: The absorption spectrum of carbon monoxide near 550 Å [Ref.: J. Phys. B:, 1974, Vol. 1, 163-169], J. Phys. B:, 1974, 7, 314. [all data]

Ogawa and Ogawa, 1974
Ogawa, S.; Ogawa, M., Absorption spectrum of CO in the Hopfield helium continuum region. Rydberg bands converging to the X²Σ⁺ state of CO⁺ in the region 960-1080 Å, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1974, 49, 454. [all data]

Tanaka, 1942
Tanaka, Y., CO absorption spectra in the extreme ultra-violet, Sci. Pap. Inst. Phys. Chem. Res. Jpn., 1942, 39, 447. [all data]

Henning, 1932
Henning, H.J., Die absorptionsspektren von kohlendioxyd, kohlenmonoxyd und wasserdampf im gebiet von 600-900 ÅE, Ann. Phys. (Leipzig), 1932, 13, 599. [all data]

Lindholm, 1969
Lindholm, E., Rydberg series in small molecules. II. Rydberg series in CO, Ark. Fys., 1969, 40, 103. [all data]

Tilford and Simmons, 1974
Tilford, S.G.; Simmons, J.D., Reexamination of the vacuum ultraviolet emission spectrum of CO in the 950-1200 A region, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1974, 53, 436. [all data]

Hopfield and Birge, 1927
Hopfield, J.J.; Birge, R.T., Ultra-violet absorption and emission spectra of carbon monoxide, Phys. Rev., 1927, 29, 922. [all data]

Tschulanovsky, 1939
Tschulanovsky, V.M., Two new electron levels of the molecule of CO, J. Phys. (USSR), 1939, 1, 341. [all data]

Kepa, Knot-Wisniewska, et al., 1975
Kepa, R.; Knot-Wisniewska, M.; Rytel, M., The E¹Π-A¹Π system of ¹²C¹⁶O molecule - the rotational analysis, Acta Phys. Pol. A, 1975, 48, 819. [all data]

Schmid and Gero, 1935
Schmid, R.; Gero, L., Uber die B¹Σ→A¹Π- und C¹Σ→A¹Π-banden des kohlenoxyds, Z. Phys., 1935, 93, 656. [all data]

Tilford and Vanderslice, 1968
Tilford, S.G.; Vanderslice, J.T., High resolution vacuum ultraviolet absorption spectra of the B¹Σ⁺-X¹Σ⁺, C¹Σ⁺-X¹Σ⁺, and j³Σ⁺-X¹Σ⁺ transitions in carbon monoxide, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1968, 26, 419. [all data]

Aarts and de Heer, 1970
Aarts, J.F.M.; de Heer, F.J., Emission of radiation in the vacuum ultraviolet by impact of electrons on carbon monoxide, J. Chem. Phys., 1970, 52, 5354. [all data]

Kaplan, 1930
Kaplan, J., A new system of bands in carbon monoxide, Phys. Rev., 1930, 35, 1298. [all data]

Dieke and Mauchly, 1933
Dieke, G.H.; Mauchly, J.W., The structure of the third positive group of CO bands, Phys. Rev., 1933, 43, 12. [all data]

Gero, 1936
Gero, L., Rotationsanalyse der (1,0)b³Σ → a³Π CO-bande, Z. Phys., 1936, 101, 311. [all data]

Beer, 1937
Beer, B.S., Rotationsanalyse der 0→4-, 0→5-, 1→4- und 1→5- banden des III. pos. CO-systems, Z. Phys., 1937, 107, 73. [all data]

Schmid and Gero, 1937
Schmid, R.; Gero, L., Structure of a new system of CO bands, Nature (London), 1937, 140, 508. [all data]

Simmons and Tilford, 1971
Simmons, J.D.; Tilford, S.G., New absorption bands and isotopic studies of known transitions in CO, J. Res. Nat. Bur. Stand. Sect. A, 1971, 75, 455. [all data]

Tilford and Simmons, 1972
Tilford, S.G.; Simmons, J.D., Atlas of the observed absorption spectrum of carbon monoxide between 1060 and 1900 Å, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1972, 1, 147. [all data]

Barrow, 1961
Barrow, R.F., Triplet bands of carbon monoxide: the system e³Σ - a³Π, Nature (London), 1961, 189, 480. [all data]

Gero and Szabo, 1939
Gero, L.; Szabo, F., Uber die struktur der triplettbanden (d³Π→a³Π) des kohlenoxyds, Ann. Phys. (Leipzig), 1939, 35, 597. [all data]

Carroll, 1962
Carroll, P.K., Structure of the triplet bands of CO, J. Chem. Phys., 1962, 36, 2861. [all data]

Slanger and Black, 1970
Slanger, T.G.; Black, G., The perturbation spectrum of CO, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1970, 4, 558. [all data]

Herzberg, Hugo, et al., 1970
Herzberg, G.; Hugo, T.J.; Tilford, S.G.; Simmons, J.D., Rotational analysis of the forbidden d³Δ_i ← X¹Σ⁺ absorption bands of carbon monoxide, Can. J. Phys., 1970, 48, 3004. [all data]

Asundi, 1929
Asundi, R.K., The third positive carbon and associated bands, Proc. R. Soc. London A, 1929, 124, 277. [all data]

Gero and Lorinezi, 1939
Gero, L.; Lorinezi, K., Rotationsanalyse der a'³Σ⁺ → a³Π-CO-Banden, Z. Phys., 1939, 113, 449. [all data]

Field, Tilford, et al., 1972
Field, R.W.; Tilford, S.G.; Howard, R.A.; Simmons, J.D., Fine structure and perturbation analysis of the a³Π state of CO, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1972, 44, 347. [all data]

Bouanich, Levy, et al., 1967
Bouanich, J.-P.; Levy, A.; Haeusler, C., Spectre de vibration-rotation de l'oxyde de carbone CO. Etude de la bande v_0→3, C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. B, 1967, 264, 944. [all data]

Bouanich, Levy, et al., 1968
Bouanich, J.-P.; Levy, A.; Haeusler, C., Constantes moleculaires de l'oxyde de carbone, J. Phys. (Paris), 1968, 29, 641. [all data]

Bouanich and Brodbeck, 1974
Bouanich, J.-P.; Brodbeck, C., Etalonnage et deplacement des raies de vibration-rotation des bandes 0 → 2 et 0 → 3 de l'oxyde de carbone, Rev. Phys. Appl., 1974, 9, 475. [all data]

Mantz and Maillard, 1974
Mantz, A.W.; Maillard, J.-P., Emission spectra with a high resolution Fourier transform spectrometer: CO spectra and their astrophysical importance, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1974, 53, 466. [all data]

Rank, Skorinko, et al., 1960
Rank, D.H.; Skorinko, G.; Eastman, D.P.; Wiggins, T.A., Highly precise wavelengths in the infrared, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1960, 4, 518. [all data]

Rao, Humphreys, et al., 1966
Rao, K.N.; Humphreys, C.J.; Rank, D.H., Wavelength standards in the infrared, Academic Press, New York, 1966, 0. [all data]

Loewenstein, 1960
Loewenstein, E.V., Interferometric spectra of ammonia and carbon monoxide in the far infrared, J. Opt. Soc. Am., 1960, 50, 1163. [all data]

Rosenblum, Nethercot, et al., 1958
Rosenblum, B.; Nethercot, A.H., Jr.; Townes, C.H., Isotopic mass ratios, magnetic moments and the sign of the electric dipole moment in carbon monoxide, Phys. Rev., 1958, 109, 400. [all data]

Helminger, De Lucia, et al., 1970
Helminger, P.; De Lucia, F.C.; Gordy, W., Extension of microwave absorption spectroscopy to 0.37-mm wavelength, Phys. Rev. Lett., 1970, 25, 1397. [all data]

Lovas and Krupenie, 1974
Lovas, F.J.; Krupenie, P.H., Microwave spectra of molecules of astrophysical interest. VII. Carbon monoxide, carbon monosulfide, and silicon monoxide, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1974, 3, 245. [all data]

Muenter, 1975
Muenter, J.S., Electric dipole moment of carbon monoxide, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1975, 55, 490. [all data]

Ozier, Yi, et al., 1967
Ozier, I.; Yi, P.; Khosla, A.; Ramsey, N.F., Sign and magnitude of the rotational moment of ¹²C¹⁶O, J. Chem. Phys., 1967, 46, 1530. [all data]

Ozier, Crapo, et al., 1968
Ozier, I.; Crapo, L.M.; Ramsey, N.F., Spin rotation constant and rotational magnetic moment of ¹³C¹⁶O, J. Chem. Phys., 1968, 49, 2314. [all data]

van der Wiel, El-Sherbini, et al., 1970
van der Wiel, M.J.; El-Sherbini, Th.M.; Brion, C.E., K shell excitation of nitrogen and carbon monoxide by electron impact, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1970, 7, 161. [all data]

Lee, Carlson, et al., 1975
Lee, L.C.; Carlson, R.W.; Judge, D.L.; Ogawa, M., Vacuum ultraviolet fluorescence from photodissociation fragments of CO and CO₂, J. Chem. Phys., 1975, 63, 3987. [all data]

Locht and Durer, 1975
Locht, R.; Durer, J.M., New predissociations of CO and CO⁺ induced by low energy electron impact, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1975, 34, 508. [all data]

Krupenie and Benesch, 1968
Krupenie, P.H.; Benesch, W., Electronic transition moment integrals for first ionization of CO and the A-X transition in Co⁺. Some limitations on the use of the r-centroid approximation, J. Res. Nat. Bur. Stand. Sect. A, 1968, 72, 495. [all data]

Nicholls, 1968
Nicholls, R.W., Franck-Condon factors for ionizing transitions of O₂, CO, NO and H₂ and for the NO⁺(A¹-Σx¹Σ) band system, J. Phys. B:, 1968, 1, 1192. [all data]

Turner and May, 1966
Turner, D.W.; May, D.P., Franck-Condon factors in ionization: experimental measurement using molecular photoelectron spectroscopy, J. Chem. Phys., 1966, 45, 471. [all data]

Comes and Speier, 1971
Comes, F.J.; Speier, F., Luminescence of diatomic molecular ions. I. Franck-Condon-factors and collisional deactivation, Z. Naturforsch. A, 1971, 26, 1998. [all data]

Gardner and Samson, 1974
Gardner, J.L.; Samson, J.A.R., Experimental vibrational intensity distributions for continuum photoionization to the X²Σ⁺, A²Π, and B²Σ⁺ states of CO⁺ and N₂⁺, J. Chem. Phys., 1974, 60, 3711. [all data]

Judge and Lee, 1972
Judge, D.L.; Lee, L.C., Electronic transition moments for the A → X, B → X, and B → A transitions in CO⁺ and the A ← B and B ← X moments for the CO → CO⁺ systems; absolute cross sections for the absorption processes, J. Chem. Phys., 1972, 57, 455. [all data]

Samson and Gardner, 1976
Samson, J.A.R.; Gardner, J.L., Partial photoionization cross-sections and branching ratios of CO from 750 to 304 Å, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1976, 8, 35. [all data]

Ogawa and Ogawa, 1972
Ogawa, M.; Ogawa, S., Absorption spectrum of CO in the Hopfield helium continuum region, 600-1020 A, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1972, 41, 393. [all data]

Carbonneau and Marmet, 1973
Carbonneau, R.; Marmet, P., Negative and neutral autoionizing states detected in the electroionization curve in CO, Can. J. Phys., 1973, 51, 2202. [all data]

Cook, Metzger, et al., 1965
Cook, G.R.; Metzger, P.H.; Ogawa, M., Photoionization and absorption coefficients of CO in the 600 to 1000 A region, Can. J. Phys., 1965, 43, 1706. [all data]

Takamine, Tanaka, et al., 1943
Takamine, T.; Tanaka, Y.; Iwata, M., On the first ionization potential of CO, Sci. Papers Inst. Phys. Chem. Res. Jpn., 1943, 40, 371. [all data]

Jevons, 1932
Jevons, W., Report on band-spectra of diatomic molecules, Pub. The Physical Society, The University Press, London, 1932, 0. [all data]

Simmons and Tilford, 1974
Simmons, J.D.; Tilford, S.G., Evidence for an accidental predissociation of CO, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1974, 49, 167. [all data]

Lassettre and Skerbele, 1971
Lassettre, E.N.; Skerbele, A., Absolute generalized oscillator strengths for four electronic transitions in carbon monoxide, J. Chem. Phys., 1971, 54, 1597. [all data]

Fisher and Dalby, 1976
Fisher, N.J.; Dalby, F.W., On the dipole moments of excited singlet states of carbon monoxide, Can. J. Phys., 1976, 54, 258. [all data]

Hesser, 1968
Hesser, J.E., Absolute Transition Probabilities in Ultraviolet Molecular Spectra, J. Chem. Phys., 1968, 48, 6, 2518, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1669477 . [all data]

Dotchin and Chupp, 1973
Dotchin, L.W.; Chupp, E.L., Radiative lifetimes and pressure dependence of the relaxation rates of some vibronic levels in N₂⁺, N₂, CO⁺, and CO, J. Chem. Phys., 1973, 59, 3960. [all data]

Kepa, 1969
Kepa, R., Note on the Herzberg system of the isotopic CO molecules, Acta Phys. Pol., 1969, 36, 1109. [all data]

Asundi, Dhumwad, et al., 1970
Asundi, R.K.; Dhumwad, R.K.; Patwardhan, A.B., Isotope shift studies of Herzberg bands of CO and comet-tail and Baldet-Johnson bands of CO⁺, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1970, 34, 528. [all data]

Swanson, Celotta, et al., 1975
Swanson, N.; Celotta, R.J.; Kuyatt, C.E.; Cooper, J.W., Resonant structure in electron impact excitation of CO near threshold, J. Chem. Phys., 1975, 62, 4880. [all data]

Douglas and Moller, 1955
Douglas, A.E.; Moller, C.K., Predissociations of the C¹²O and C¹³O molecules, Can. J. Phys., 1955, 33, 125. [all data]

Imhof, Read, et al., 1972
Imhof, R.E.; Read, F.H.; Beckett, S.T., Determination of the transition moment of the B¹Σ⁺-x¹Σ⁺ transition in CO, J. Phys. B:, 1972, 5, 896. [all data]

Rogers and Anderson, 1970
Rogers, J.; Anderson, R., Radiative lifetime of the B¹Σ⁺ state of CO, J. Opt. Soc. Am., 1970, 60, 278. [all data]

Kepa and Rytel, 1970
Kepa, R.; Rytel, M., On the angstrom bands of ¹²C¹⁶O, Acta Phys. Pol., 1970, 37, 585. [all data]

Janjic, Pesic, et al., 1969
Janjic, F.D.; Pesic, D.S.; Jankovic, D.S., The angstrom band system of the ¹²C¹⁸O molecule, Bull. Soc. Chim. Beograd., 1969, 34, 301. [all data]

Gero, 1935
Gero, L., Storung und pradissoziation im b³Σ-term des CO-bandenspektrums, Z. Phys., 1935, 95, 747. [all data]

Schmid and Gero, 1935, 2
Schmid, R.; Gero, L., Zur struktur der 5 B-banden des CO-spektrums, Z. Phys., 1935, 96, 198. [all data]

Stepanov, 1940
Stepanov, B.I., On the calculation of constants of the level b³Σ in molecule CO, J. Phys. (USSR), 1940, 2, 197. [all data]

Barrow, Gratzer, et al., 1956
Barrow, R.F.; Gratzer, W.B.; Malherbe, J.F., Intensities of bands in the system b³Σ⁺-a³Π of carbon monoxide, Proc. Phys. Soc. London Sect. A, 1956, 69, 574. [all data]

Rogers and Anderson, 1970, 2
Rogers, J.; Anderson, R., Radiative lifetime of the b³Σ⁺ state of CO, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 1970, 10, 515. [all data]

Smith, Imhof, et al., 1973
Smith, A.J.; Imhof, R.E.; Read, F.H., Measured lifetimes of the two vibrational levels of the b³Σ⁺ state of CO, J. Phys. B:, 1973, 6, 1333. [all data]

Gero, 1938
Gero, L., Rotationsanalyse von a'³Σ⁺ → a³Π-banden des CO, Z. Phys., 1938, 109, 216. [all data]

Field, 1971
Field, R.W., Thesis, Harvard University, Massachusetts, 1971, 0. [all data]

Simmons, Bass, et al., 1969
Simmons, J.D.; Bass, A.M.; Tilford, S.G., The fourth positive system of carbon monoxide observed in absorption at high resolution in the vacuum ultraviolet region, Astrophys. J., 1969, 155, 345. [all data]

Field, Wicke, et al., 1972
Field, R.W.; Wicke, B.G.; Simmons, J.D.; Tilford, S.G., Analysis of perturbations in the a³Π and A¹Π states of CO, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1972, 44, 383. [all data]

Imhof and Read, 1971
Imhof, R.E.; Read, F.H., Measured lifetimes of the first seven vibrational levels of the A¹Π state of CO, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1971, 11, 326. [all data]

Burnham, Isler, et al., 1972
Burnham, R.L.; Isler, R.C.; Wells, W.C., Zero-field level-crossing spectroscopy of the A¹Π state of carbon monoxide, Phys. Rev. A: Gen. Phys., 1972, 6, 1327. [all data]

Chervenak and Anderson, 1971
Chervenak, J.G.; Anderson, R.A., Radiative lifetime of the A¹Π state of CO, J. Opt. Soc. Am., 1971, 61, 952. [all data]

Mumma, Stone, et al., 1971
Mumma, M.J.; Stone, E.J.; Zipf, E.C., Excitation of the CO fourth positive band system by electron impact on carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, J. Chem. Phys., 1971, 54, 2627. [all data]

Pilling, Bass, et al., 1971
Pilling, M.J.; Bass, A.M.; Braun, W., A curve of growth determination of the f-values for the fourth positive system of CO and the Lyman-Birge-Hopfield system of N₂, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 1971, 11, 1593. [all data]

Vargin, Pasynkova, et al., 1973
Vargin, A.N.; Pasynkova, L.M.; Trekhov, E.S., Measurement of |R_e|² for the 4⁺ system of CO, J. Appl. Spectrosc. Engl. Transl., 1973, 13, 1340, In original 662. [all data]

Halmann and Laulicht, 1966
Halmann, M.; Laulicht, I., Isotope effects on vibrational transition probabilities. IV. Electronic transitions of isotopic C₂, CO, CN, H₂, and CH molecules, Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 1966, 12, 307. [all data]

Shimauchi, 1976
Shimauchi, M., Franck-Condon factors and r-centroids for the A¹Π-X¹Σ systems of CO and NO⁺, Sci. Light (Tokyo), 1976, 25, 1. [all data]

Shvangiradze, Oganezov, et al., 1960
Shvangiradze, R.R.; Oganezov, K.A.; Chikhladze, B.Ya., Isotopic band shifts in the electronic-vibrational spectra of some diatomic molecules, Opt. Spectrosc. Engl. Transl., 1960, 8, 239. [all data]

Rytel and Siwiec, 1973
Rytel, M.; Siwiec, T., Perturbations in the spectra of CO isotopic molecules. I. Partial analysis of e³Σ^- - A¹Π perturbations, Acta Phys. Pol., 1973, 44, 67. [all data]

Field and Lefebvre-Brion, 1974
Field, R.W.; Lefebvre-Brion, H., On the effective spin-spin constants of some states of diatomic molecules. Application to the CO molecule, Acta Phys. Acad. Sci. Hung., 1974, 35, 51. [all data]

Slanger and Black, 1976
Slanger, T.G.; Black, G., Relative electronic transition moments for the e³Σ^--a³Π Herman system of CO, J. Chem. Phys., 1976, 64, 219. [all data]

Slanger and Black, 1972
Slanger, T.G.; Black, G., Relative electronic transition moments for the triplet system (d³Δ → a³Π) of CO, J. Phys. B:, 1972, 5, 1988. [all data]

Kovacs and Toros, 1965
Kovacs, I.; Toros, R., The intensity distribution of the triplet bands of the CO molecule, Acta Phys. Hung., 1965, 18, 101. [all data]

Slanger and Black, 1973
Slanger, T.G.; Black, G., Relaxation processes in excited CO states. I. Spin multiplet relaxation and radiative lifetimes of CO(d³Δ)_v=5, J. Chem. Phys., 1973, 58, 194. [all data]

Sink, Lefebvre-Brion, et al., 1975
Sink, M.L.; Lefebvre-Brion, H.; Hall, J.A., Ab initio calculations of the effective spin-spin constants of the ³Σ excited states of the N₂ and CO molecules, J. Chem. Phys., 1975, 62, 1802. [all data]

Wicke, Field, et al., 1972
Wicke, B.G.; Field, R.W.; Klemperer, W., Fine structure, dipole moment, and perturbation analysis of a³Π CO, J. Chem. Phys., 1972, 56, 5758. [all data]

Wicke, Klemperer, et al., 1975
Wicke, B.G.; Klemperer, W.; Field, R., Lambda doublings and electric dipole moments of v = 6 and 7 a³Π carbon monoxide, J. Chem. Phys., 1975, 62, 3544. [all data]

Hartfuss and Schmillen, 1968
Hartfuss, H.J.; Schmillen, A., Uber das Abklingen der ersten positiven Gruppe des N₂ und der Asundi-Banden des CO, Z. Naturforsch. A, 1968, 23, 722. [all data]

Stern, Gammon, et al., 1970
Stern, R.C.; Gammon, R.H.; Lesk, M.E.; Freund, R.S.; Klemperer, W.A., Fine structure and dipole moment of metastable a³Π carbon monoxide, J. Chem. Phys., 1970, 52, 3467. [all data]

Gammon, Stern, et al., 1971
Gammon, R.H.; Stern, R.C.; Klemperer, W., Molecular-beam electric-resonance spectroscopy of the a³Π (v = 4)-a'³Σ⁺ (v' = O) perturbation in CO, J. Chem. Phys., 1971, 54, 2151. [all data]

Freund and Klemperer, 1965
Freund, R.S.; Klemperer, W., Radio-frequency spectrum of the a³Π state of carbon monoxide, J. Chem. Phys., 1965, 43, 2422. [all data]

Gammon, Stern, et al., 1971, 2
Gammon, R.H.; Stern, R.C.; Lesk, M.E.; Wicke, B.G.; Klemperer, W., Metastable a ³Π ¹³CO: molecular-beam electric-resonance measurements of the fine structure, hyperfine structure, and dipole moment, J. Chem. Phys., 1971, 54, 2136. [all data]

Wicke and Klemperer, 1975
Wicke, B.G.; Klemperer, W., On the experimentally determined dipole moment function of CO a³Π, Mol. Phys., 1975, 30, 1021. [all data]

Wicke and Klemperer, 1975, 2
Wicke, B.G.; Klemperer, W., Experimental dipole moment function and calculated radiative lifetimes for vibrational transitions in carbon monoxide a³Π, J. Chem. Phys., 1975, 63, 3756. [all data]

Johnson, 1972
Johnson, C.E., Lifetime of CO(a³Π) following electron impact dissociation of CO₂, J. Chem. Phys., 1972, 57, 576. [all data]

Lawrence, 1971
Lawrence, G.M., Quenching and radiation rates of CO (a³Π), Chem. Phys. Lett., 1971, 9, 575. [all data]

Wauchop and Broida, 1972
Wauchop, T.S.; Broida, H.P., Lifetime and quenching of CO(a³Π) produced by recombination of CO₂ ions in a helium afterglow, J. Chem. Phys., 1972, 56, 330. [all data]

James, 1971
James, T.C., Transition moments, Franck-Condon factors, and lifetimes of forbidden transitions. Calculation of the intensity of the Cameron system of CO, J. Chem. Phys., 1971, 55, 4118. [all data]

Mantz and Maillard, 1975
Mantz, A.W.; Maillard, J.P., Ground state molecular constants of ¹²C¹⁶O, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1975, 57, 155. [all data]

Mantz, Watson, et al., 1971
Mantz, A.W.; Watson, J.K.G.; Rao, K.N.; Albritton, D.L.; Schmeltekopf, A.L.; Zare, R.N., Rydberg-Klein-Rees potential for the X¹Σ⁺ state of the CO molecule, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1971, 39, 180. [all data]

Dickinson, 1972
Dickinson, A.S., A new method for evaluating Rydberg-Klein-Rees intergrals, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1972, 44, 183. [all data]

Fleming and Rao, 1972
Fleming, H.E.; Rao, K.N., A simple numerical evaluation of the Rydberg-Klein-Rees integrals: application to X¹Σ⁺ state of ¹²C¹⁶O, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1972, 44, 189. [all data]

Bunker, 1970
Bunker, P.R., The effect of the breakdown of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation on the determination of B_e and ω_e for a diatomic molecule, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1970, 35, 306-313. [all data]

Bunker, 1972
Bunker, P.R., On the breakdown of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation for a diatomic molecule, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1972, 5, 478. [all data]

Watson, 1973
Watson, J.K.G., The isotope dependence of the equilibrium rotational constants in ¹Σ states of diatomic molecules, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1973, 45, 99. [all data]

Schwartz and Thrush, 1969
Schwartz, S.E.; Thrush, B.A., Energies of vibrational levels 22 to 33 of carbon monoxide X¹Σ_g⁺, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1969, 32, 343. [all data]

Mantz, Nichols, et al., 1970
Mantz, A.W.; Nichols, E.R.; Alpert, B.D.; Rao, K.N., CO laser spectra studied with a 10-meter vacuum infrared grating spectrograph, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1970, 35, 325. [all data]

Yardley, 1970
Yardley, J.T., Laser action in highly-excited vibrational levels of CO, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1970, 35, 314. [all data]

Kildal, Eng, et al., 1974
Kildal, H.; Eng, R.S.; Ross, A.H.M., Heterodyne measurements of ¹²C¹⁶O laser frequencies and improved Dunham coefficients, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1974, 53, 479. [all data]

Millikan, 1963
Millikan, R.C., Vibrational fluorescence of carbon monoxide, J. Chem. Phys., 1963, 38, 2855. [all data]

McCaa and Williams, 1964
McCaa, D.J.; Williams, D., Infrared fluorescence of carbon monoxide, J. Opt. Soc. Am., 1964, 54, 326. [all data]

Dowling, 1969
Dowling, J.M., Line widths in the pure rotational spectrum of carbon monoxide, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 1969, 9, 1613. [all data]

Sanderson, Scott, et al., 1971
Sanderson, R.B.; Scott, H.E.; White, J.T., Strengths and widths of the pure rotational lines of CO, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1971, 38, 252. [all data]

Buontempo, Cunsolo, et al., 1973
Buontempo, U.; Cunsolo, S.; Jacucci, G., Electric quadrupole moment of CO and molecular torque in liquid Ar and N₂ from ir spectra, J. Chem. Phys., 1973, 59, 3750. [all data]

Billingsley and Krauss, 1974
Billingsley, F.P., II; Krauss, M., Quadrupole moment of CO, N₂, and NO⁺, J. Chem. Phys., 1974, 60, 2767. [all data]

Toth, Hunt, et al., 1969
Toth, R.A.; Hunt, R.H.; Plyler, E.K., Line intensities in the 3-0 of the CO and dipole moment matrix elements for the CO molecule, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1969, 32, 85. [all data]

Siegbahn, Nordling, et al., 1969
Siegbahn, K.; Nordling, C.; Johansson, G.; Hedman, J.; Heden, P.F.; Hamrin, k.; Gelius, U.; Bergmark, T.; Werme, L.O.; Manne, R.; Baer, ESCA Applied to Free Molecules, North-Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1969, 0. [all data]

Thomas, 1970
Thomas, T.D., X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of carbon monoxide, J. Chem. Phys., 1970, 53, 1744. [all data]

Smith and Thomas, 1976
Smith, S.R.; Thomas, T.D., Core ionization potentials in carbon monoxide, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1976, 8, 45. [all data]

Wells, Borst, et al., 1973
Wells, W.C.; Borst, W.L.; Zipf, E.C., Excitation of higher-lying metastable states in carbon monoxide by electron impact: cross-section and lifetime measurements, Phys. Rev. A: Gen. Phys., 1973, 8, 2463. [all data]

Johns, McKellar, et al., 1974
Johns, J.W.C.; McKellar, A.R.W.; Weitz, D., Wavelength measurements of ¹³C¹⁶O laser transitions, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1974, 51, 539. [all data]

Chen, Rao, et al., 1976
Chen, D.-W.; Rao, K.N.; McDowell, R.S., Fundamental and overtone bands of isotopic species of carbon monoxide, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1976, 61, 71. [all data]

Young and Eachus, 1966
Young, L.A.; Eachus, W.J., Dipole moment function and vibration-rotation matrix elements for CO, J. Chem. Phys., 1966, 44, 4195. [all data]

Moskalenko and Mirumyants, 1971
Moskalenko, N.I.; Mirumyants, S.O., Measurement of the integral intensities of infrared absorption bands of H₂O, CO₂, N₂O, CO, CH₄, and NO vapor in the temperature range 220-400°K, Sov. Phys. J. Engl. Transl., 1971, 6, 721, In original 7. [all data]

Roux, Effantin, et al., 1972
Roux, F.; Effantin, C.; D'Incan, J., Forces d'oscillateur absolues de rotation dans les transitions 2-0, 3-1, 4-2, 5-3, du spectre de vibration-rotation de la molecule CO, deduites de mesures d'intensites en emission, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 1972, 12, 97-106. [all data]

Billingsley and Krauss, 1974, 2
Billingsley, F.P., II; Krauss, M., Multiconfiguration self-consistent-field calculation of the dipole moment function of CO(X¹Σ⁺), J. Chem. Phys., 1974, 60, 4130. [all data]

Bouanich and Brodbeck, 1974, 2
Bouanich, J.-P.; Brodbeck, C., Moments de transition vibrationnelle des molecules diatomiques. Intensite des raies rovibrationnelles des bandes 0 → 2 et 0 → 3 et fonction dipolaire de CO, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 1974, 14, 1199. [all data]

Varanasi and Sarangi, 1975
Varanasi, P.; Sarangi, S., Measurements of intensities and nitrogen-broadened linewidths in the CO fundamental at low temperatures, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 1975, 15, 473. [all data]

Tipping, 1976
Tipping, R.H., Vibration-rotation intensities for "hot" bands, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1976, 61, 272-281. [all data]

Weisbach and Chackerian, 1973
Weisbach, M.F.; Chackerian, C., Jr., Linewidths and transition probabilities for the carbon monoxide laser lines, J. Chem. Phys., 1973, 59, 4272. [all data]

Hunt, Toth, et al., 1968
Hunt, R.H.; Toth, R.A.; Plyler, E.K., High-resolution determination of the widths of self-broadened lines of carbon monoxide, J. Chem. Phys., 1968, 49, 3909. [all data]

Hoover and Williams, 1969
Hoover, G.M.; Williams, D., Infrared absorptance of carbon monoxide at low temperatures, J. Opt. Soc. Am., 1969, 59, 28. [all data]

Bouanich, Larvor, et al., 1969
Bouanich, P.; Larvor, M.; Haeusler, C., Etude des raies de vibration-rotation de la bande v_0→3 de l'oxyde de carbone CO comprime, C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. B, 1969, 269, 1238. [all data]

Varanasi, 1975
Varanasi, P., Measurement of line widths of CO of planetary interest at low temperatures, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 1975, 15, 191. [all data]

Moskalenko, 1975
Moskalenko, N.I., Measurement of intensities and halfwidths of spectral absorption lines of the fundamental 0-1 band of CO, Opt. Spectrosc. Engl. Transl., 1975, 38, 382, In original 676. [all data]

Notes

Symbols used in this document:

P_c	Critical pressure
S°_{gas,1 bar}	Entropy of gas at standard conditions (1 bar)
T	Temperature
T_boil	Boiling point
T_c	Critical temperature
T_triple	Triple point temperature
d(ln(k_H))/d(1/T)	Temperature dependence parameter for Henry's Law constant
k°_H	Henry's Law constant at 298.15K
Δ_fH°_gas	Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions
Δ_rG°	Free energy of reaction at standard conditions
Δ_rH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions
Δ_rS°	Entropy of reaction at standard conditions
Δ_subH	Enthalpy of sublimation
Δ_vapH	Enthalpy of vaporization
ρ_c	Critical density

Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database.
Customer support for NIST Standard Reference Data products.

NIST Chemistry WebBook, SRD 69

Carbon monoxide

Data at NIST subscription sites:

Gas phase thermochemistry data

Gas Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)

Phase change data

Enthalpy of vaporization

Enthalpy of sublimation

Reaction thermochemistry data

Reactions 1 to 50

Free energy of reaction

Enthalpy of reaction

Enthalpy of reaction

Enthalpy of reaction

Enthalpy of reaction

Henry's Law data

Henry's Law constant (water solution)

IR Spectrum

Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

Spectrum

Help

Credits

Additional Data

Constants of diatomic molecules

Notes

References

Notes