Benzene, n-butyl-
- Formula: C10H14
- Molecular weight: 134.2182
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: OCKPCBLVNKHBMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 104-51-8
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript. - Other names: 1-Phenylbutane; n-Butylbenzene; Butylbenzene; UN 2709; Benzene, butyl-; 1-butylbenzene
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Gas phase thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
GT - Glushko Thermocenter, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔfH°gas | -12.8 | kJ/mol | N/A | Good, 1975 | Value computed using ΔfHliquid° value of -62.9±1.2 kj/mol from Good, 1975 and ΔvapH° value of 50.1 kj/mol from Prosen, Johnson, et al., 1946.; DRB |
ΔfH°gas | -13.8 ± 1.3 | kJ/mol | Ccb | Prosen, Johnson, et al., 1946 | Heat of combustion for gas phase =-1415.44 kcal/mol; ALS |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
S°gas | 437.86 | J/mol*K | N/A | Messerly J.F., 1965 | S(298.15 K) estimated by the method of increments [ Thermodynamics Research Center, 1997, Taylor W.J., 1946] is 1-2 J/mol*K larger than experimental one.; GT |
Phase change data
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tboil | 456. ± 2. | K | AVG | N/A | Average of 40 out of 43 values; Individual data points |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Tfus | 185.1 ± 0.6 | K | AVG | N/A | Average of 11 out of 12 values; Individual data points |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Ttriple | 185.30 | K | N/A | Messerly, Todd, et al., 1965 | Crystal phase 1 phase; Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.01 K; TRC |
Ttriple | 185.14 | K | N/A | Messerly, Todd, et al., 1965 | Metastable crystal phase; Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.01 K; TRC |
Ttriple | 184.6 | K | N/A | Huffman, Parks, et al., 1931 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.25 K; TRC |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Tc | 660.5 ± 0.5 | K | N/A | Tsonopoulos and Ambrose, 1995 | |
Tc | 660.5 | K | N/A | Majer and Svoboda, 1985 | |
Tc | 660.05 | K | N/A | Ambrose, Broderick, et al., 1967 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.5 K; TRC |
Tc | 660.45 | K | N/A | Ambrose, Cox, et al., 1960 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.1 K; Visual, PRT, IPTS-48, with decomp.; TRC |
Tc | 661.0 | K | N/A | Simon, 1957 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.5 K; TRC |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Pc | 28.9 ± 0.4 | bar | N/A | Tsonopoulos and Ambrose, 1995 | |
Pc | 28.87 | bar | N/A | Ambrose, Broderick, et al., 1967 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.07 bar; TRC |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Vc | 0.497 | l/mol | N/A | Tsonopoulos and Ambrose, 1995 | |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ρc | 2.01 ± 0.04 | mol/l | N/A | Tsonopoulos and Ambrose, 1995 | |
ρc | 2.009 | mol/l | N/A | Simon, 1957 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.075 mol/l; TRC |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔvapH° | 51.37 | kJ/mol | N/A | Majer and Svoboda, 1985 | |
ΔvapH° | 50.8 | kJ/mol | N/A | Ru«7825»icka, Zábranský, et al., 1994 | AC |
ΔvapH° | 50.1 | kJ/mol | N/A | Reid, 1972 | AC |
ΔvapH° | 51.0 ± 2.9 | kJ/mol | V | Messerly, Todd, et al., 1965, 2 | ALS |
ΔvapH° | 50.1 | kJ/mol | N/A | Prosen, Johnson, et al., 1946 | DRB |
Enthalpy of vaporization
ΔvapH (kJ/mol) | Temperature (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
38.87 | 456.4 | N/A | Majer and Svoboda, 1985 | |
47.4 ± 0.2 | 350. | EB | Steele, Chirico, et al., 2002 | Based on data from 343. to 501. K. See also Verevkin, 2006.; AC |
43.5 ± 0.2 | 410. | EB | Steele, Chirico, et al., 2002 | Based on data from 343. to 501. K.; AC |
40.6 ± 0.4 | 450. | EB | Steele, Chirico, et al., 2002 | Based on data from 343. to 501. K.; AC |
37.5 ± 0.7 | 490. | EB | Steele, Chirico, et al., 2002 | Based on data from 343. to 501. K.; AC |
53.5 | 258. | N/A | Kasehgari, Mokbel, et al., 1993 | Based on data from 243. to 403. K.; AC |
45.7 | 384. | A | Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987 | Based on data from 369. to 463. K. See also Forziati, Norris, et al., 1949.; AC |
48.0 ± 0.1 | 343. | C | Svoboda, Charvátová, et al., 1982 | AC |
46.8 ± 0.1 | 358. | C | Svoboda, Charvátová, et al., 1982 | AC |
46.0 ± 0.1 | 368. | C | Svoboda, Charvátová, et al., 1982 | AC |
45.2 | 389. | N/A | Linek, Fried, et al., 1965 | Based on data from 374. to 454. K. See also Boublik, Fried, et al., 1984.; AC |
Enthalpy of vaporization
ΔvapH =
A exp(-βTr) (1 − Tr)β
ΔvapH =
Enthalpy of vaporization (at saturation pressure)
(kJ/mol)
Tr = reduced temperature (T / Tc)
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Temperature (K) | A (kJ/mol) | β | Tc (K) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
343. to 368. | 73.64 | 0.3425 | 660.5 | Majer and Svoboda, 1985 |
Antoine Equation Parameters
log10(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
P = vapor pressure (bar)
T = temperature (K)
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Temperature (K) | A | B | C | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
369.38 to 457.48 | 4.10808 | 1577.965 | -71.772 | Forziati, Norris, et al., 1949, 2 |
Enthalpy of fusion
ΔfusH (kJ/mol) | Temperature (K) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
11.22 | 185.3 | Domalski and Hearing, 1996 | AC |
10.979 | 184.6 | Huffman, Parks, et al., 1931, 2 | DH |
Entropy of fusion
ΔfusS (J/mol*K) | Temperature (K) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
59.5 | 184.6 | Huffman, Parks, et al., 1931, 2 | DH |
Enthalpy of phase transition
ΔHtrs (kJ/mol) | Temperature (K) | Initial Phase | Final Phase | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
11.259 | 185.14 | crystaline, II | liquid | Messerly, Todd, et al., 1965, 3 | Metastable crystals.; DH |
11.221 | 185.30 | crystaline, I | liquid | Messerly, Todd, et al., 1965, 3 | DH |
Entropy of phase transition
ΔStrs (J/mol*K) | Temperature (K) | Initial Phase | Final Phase | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
60.81 | 185.14 | crystaline, II | liquid | Messerly, Todd, et al., 1965, 3 | Metastable; DH |
60.56 | 185.30 | crystaline, I | liquid | Messerly, Todd, et al., 1965, 3 | DH |
Reaction thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.
Individual Reactions
By formula: C6H7N+ + C10H14 = (C6H7N+ • C10H14)
Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 58.2 | kJ/mol | PHPMS | Meot-Ner (Mautner) and El-Shall, 1986 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 110. | J/mol*K | N/A | Meot-Ner (Mautner) and El-Shall, 1986 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M |
Free energy of reaction
ΔrG° (kJ/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
22. | 330. | PHPMS | Meot-Ner (Mautner) and El-Shall, 1986 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M |
By formula: 2H2 + C10H10 = C10H14
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -262.3 ± 0.67 | kJ/mol | Chyd | Davis, Allinger, et al., 1985 | liquid phase; solvent: Hexane; ALS |
Henry's Law data
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: Rolf Sander
Henry's Law constant (water solution)
kH(T) = k°H exp(d(ln(kH))/d(1/T) ((1/T) - 1/(298.15 K)))
k°H = Henry's law constant for solubility in water at 298.15 K (mol/(kg*bar))
d(ln(kH))/d(1/T) = Temperature dependence constant (K)
k°H (mol/(kg*bar)) | d(ln(kH))/d(1/T) (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
0.075 | Q | N/A | missing citation give several references for the Henry's law constants but don't assign them to specific species. | |
0.078 | L | N/A | ||
0.080 | V | N/A |
References
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Good, 1975
Good, W.D.,
The standard enthalpies of combustion and formation of n-butylbenzene, the dimethylethylbenzenes, and the tetramethylbenzenes in the condensed state,
J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1975, 7, 49-59. [all data]
Prosen, Johnson, et al., 1946
Prosen, E.J.; Johnson, W.H.; Rossini, F.D.,
Heats of combustion and formation at 25°C of the alkylbenzenes through C10H14, and of the higher normal monoalkylbenzenes,
J. Res. NBS, 1946, 36, 455-461. [all data]
Messerly J.F., 1965
Messerly J.F.,
Low-temperature thermodynamic properties of n-propyl- and n-butyl-benzene,
J. Phys. Chem., 1965, 69, 4304-4310. [all data]
Thermodynamics Research Center, 1997
Thermodynamics Research Center,
Selected Values of Properties of Chemical Compounds., Thermodynamics Research Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 1997. [all data]
Taylor W.J., 1946
Taylor W.J.,
Heats, equilibrium constants, and free energies of formation of the alkylbenzenes,
J. Res. Nat. Bur. Stand., 1946, 37, 95-122. [all data]
Messerly, Todd, et al., 1965
Messerly, J.F.; Todd, S.S.; Finke, H.L.,
Low-Temperature Thermodynamic Prop. of n-Propyl and n-Butylbenzenes,
J. Phys. Chem., 1965, 69, 4304-11. [all data]
Huffman, Parks, et al., 1931
Huffman, H.M.; Parks, G.S.; Barmore, M.,
Thermal Data on Organic Compounds X. Further Studies on the Heat Capacities, Entropies, and Free Energies of Hydrocarbons,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1931, 53, 3876-88. [all data]
Tsonopoulos and Ambrose, 1995
Tsonopoulos, C.; Ambrose, D.,
Vapor-Liquid Critical Properties of Elements and Compounds. 3. Aromatic Hydrocarbons,
J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1995, 40, 547-558. [all data]
Majer and Svoboda, 1985
Majer, V.; Svoboda, V.,
Enthalpies of Vaporization of Organic Compounds: A Critical Review and Data Compilation, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1985, 300. [all data]
Ambrose, Broderick, et al., 1967
Ambrose, D.; Broderick, B.E.; Townsend, R.,
The Vapour Pressures above the Normal Boiling Point and the Critical Pressures of Some Aromatic Hydrocarbons,
J. Chem. Soc. , 1967, 1967, 1967, 633-41. [all data]
Ambrose, Cox, et al., 1960
Ambrose, D.; Cox, J.D.; Townsend, R.,
The critical temperatures of forty organic compounds,
Trans. Faraday Soc., 1960, 56, 1452. [all data]
Simon, 1957
Simon, M.,
Methods and Apparatus Used at the Bureau of Physicochemical Standards XV. Critical Constants and Straight-Line Diameters of Ten Hydrocarbons,
Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg., 1957, 66, 375-81. [all data]
Ru«7825»icka, Zábranský, et al., 1994
Ru«7825»icka, Vlastimil; Zábranský, Milan; Ru«7825»icka, Kvetoslav; Majer, Vladimír,
Vapor pressures for a group of high-boiling alkylbenzenes under environmental conditions,
Thermochimica Acta, 1994, 245, 121-144, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(94)85073-9
. [all data]
Reid, 1972
Reid, Robert C.,
Handbook on vapor pressure and heats of vaporization of hydrocarbons and related compounds, R. C. Wilhort and B. J. Zwolinski, Texas A Research Foundation. College Station, Texas(1971). 329 pages.$10.00,
AIChE J., 1972, 18, 6, 1278-1278, https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180637
. [all data]
Messerly, Todd, et al., 1965, 2
Messerly, J.F.; Todd, S.S.; Finke, H.L.,
Low-Temperature thermodynamic properties of n-Propyl- and n-Butylbenzene,
J. Phys. Chem., 1965, 69, 4304. [all data]
Steele, Chirico, et al., 2002
Steele, W.V.; Chirico, R.D.; Knipmeyer, S.E.; Nguyen, A.,
Vapor Pressure, Heat Capacity, and Density along the Saturation Line: Measurements for Benzenamine, Butylbenzene, sec -Butylbenzene, tert -Butylbenzene, 2,2-Dimethylbutanoic Acid, Tridecafluoroheptanoic Acid, 2-Butyl-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol, 2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol, and 1-Chloro-2-propanol,
J. Chem. Eng. Data, 2002, 47, 4, 648-666, https://doi.org/10.1021/je010083e
. [all data]
Verevkin, 2006
Verevkin, Sergey P.,
Vapour pressures and enthalpies of vaporization of a series of the linear n-alkyl-benzenes,
The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 2006, 38, 9, 1111-1123, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jct.2005.11.009
. [all data]
Kasehgari, Mokbel, et al., 1993
Kasehgari, H.; Mokbel, I.; Viton, C.; Jose, J.,
Vapor pressure of 11 alkylbenzenes in the range 10-3 -- 280 torr, correlation by equation of state,
Fluid Phase Equilibria, 1993, 87, 1, 133-152, https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-3812(93)85022-E
. [all data]
Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw,
Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2
. [all data]
Forziati, Norris, et al., 1949
Forziati, Alphonse F.; Norris, William R.; Rossini, Frederick D.,
Vapor pressures and boiling points of sixty API-NBS hydrocarbons,
J. RES. NATL. BUR. STAN., 1949, 43, 6, 555-17, https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.043.050
. [all data]
Svoboda, Charvátová, et al., 1982
Svoboda, Václav; Charvátová, Vladimíra; Majer, Vladimír; Hynek, Vladimír,
Determination of heats of vaporization and some other thermodynamic properties for four substituted hydrocarbons,
Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun., 1982, 47, 2, 543-549, https://doi.org/10.1135/cccc19820543
. [all data]
Linek, Fried, et al., 1965
Linek, J.; Fried, V.; Pick, J.,
Gleichgewicht flüssigkeit-dampf XXXIV. System äthylbenzol-cumol-butylbenzol unter atmosphärischem druck,
Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun., 1965, 30, 5, 1358-1365, https://doi.org/10.1135/cccc19651358
. [all data]
Boublik, Fried, et al., 1984
Boublik, T.; Fried, V.; Hala, E.,
The Vapour Pressures of Pure Substances: Selected Values of the Temperature Dependence of the Vapour Pressures of Some Pure Substances in the Normal and Low Pressure Region, 2nd ed., Elsevier, New York, 1984, 972. [all data]
Forziati, Norris, et al., 1949, 2
Forziati, A.F.; Norris, W.R.; Rossini, F.D.,
Vapor Pressures and Boiling Points of Sixty API-NBS Hydrocarbons,
J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), 1949, 43, 6, 555-563, https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.043.050
. [all data]
Domalski and Hearing, 1996
Domalski, Eugene S.; Hearing, Elizabeth D.,
Heat Capacities and Entropies of Organic Compounds in the Condensed Phase. Volume III,
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1996, 25, 1, 1, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.555985
. [all data]
Huffman, Parks, et al., 1931, 2
Huffman, H.M.; Parks, G.S.; Barmore, M.,
Thermal data on organic compounds. X. Further studies on the heat capacities, entropies and free energies of hydrocarbons,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1931, 53, 3876-3888. [all data]
Messerly, Todd, et al., 1965, 3
Messerly, J.F.; Todd, S.S.; Finke, H.L.,
Low-temperature thermodynamic properties of n-propyl- and n-butylbenzene,
J. Phys. Chem., 1965, 69, 4304-4311. [all data]
Meot-Ner (Mautner) and El-Shall, 1986
Meot-Ner (Mautner), M.; El-Shall, M.S.,
Ionic Charge Transfer Complexes. 1. Cationic Complexes with Delocalized and Partially Localized pi Systems,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1986, 108, 15, 4386, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00275a026
. [all data]
Davis, Allinger, et al., 1985
Davis, H.E.; Allinger, N.L.; Rogers, D.W.,
Enthalpies of hydrogenation of phenylalkynes: indirect determination of the enthalpy of formation of diphenylcyclopropenone,
J. Org. Chem., 1985, 50, 3601-3604. [all data]
Notes
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, References
- Symbols used in this document:
Pc Critical pressure S°gas Entropy of gas at standard conditions T Temperature Tboil Boiling point Tc Critical temperature Tfus Fusion (melting) point Ttriple Triple point temperature Vc Critical volume d(ln(kH))/d(1/T) Temperature dependence parameter for Henry's Law constant k°H Henry's Law constant at 298.15K ΔHtrs Enthalpy of phase transition ΔStrs Entropy of phase transition ΔfH°gas Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions ΔfusH Enthalpy of fusion ΔfusS Entropy of fusion ΔrG° Free energy of reaction at standard conditions ΔrH° Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions ΔrS° Entropy of reaction at standard conditions ΔvapH Enthalpy of vaporization ΔvapH° Enthalpy of vaporization at standard conditions ρc Critical density - Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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