Nitrogen
- Formula: N2
- Molecular weight: 28.0134
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 7727-37-9
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript. - Other names: Nitrogen gas; N2; UN 1066; UN 1977; Dinitrogen; Molecular nitrogen; Diatomic nitrogen; Nitrogen-14
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Reaction thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Constants of diatomic molecules, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
MS - José A. Martinho Simões
B - John E. Bartmess
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.
Reactions 1 to 50
By formula: NO- + N2 = (NO- • N2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 4.6 ± 0.3 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1989 | gas phase; M |
ΔrH° | 4.7 | kcal/mol | DT | Gheno and Fitaire, 1987 | gas phase; ΔrS+-2.9 cal/mol*K; M |
ΔrH° | 4.4 | kcal/mol | HPMS | Speller, Fitaire, et al., 1983 | gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M |
ΔrH° | 5.2 | kcal/mol | HPMS | Turner and Conway, 1976 | gas phase; M |
ΔrH° | 4.5 | kcal/mol | DT | Johnsen, Huang, et al., 1975 | gas phase; corrected for ln T by Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 17.0 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1989 | gas phase; M |
ΔrS° | 13.8 | cal/mol*K | DT | Gheno and Fitaire, 1987 | gas phase; ΔrS+-2.9 cal/mol*K; M |
ΔrS° | 13.3 | cal/mol*K | HPMS | Speller, Fitaire, et al., 1983 | gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M |
ΔrS° | 18.9 | cal/mol*K | HPMS | Turner and Conway, 1976 | gas phase; M |
ΔrS° | 15.7 | cal/mol*K | DT | Johnsen, Huang, et al., 1975 | gas phase; corrected for ln T by Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M |
Free energy of reaction
ΔrG° (kcal/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
0.5 | 200. | FA | Dunkin, Fehsenfeld, et al., 1971 | gas phase; M |
By formula: N2+ + N2 = (N2+ • N2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 24.4 to 24.4 | kcal/mol | RNG | N/A | Range of 6 values; Individual data points |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 21.0 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka and Nakajima, 1988 | gas phase; M |
ΔrS° | 16.2 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Teng and Conway, 1973 | gas phase; M |
ΔrS° | 19.5 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Payzant and Kebarle, 1970 | gas phase; M |
ΔrS° | 11. | cal/mol*K | DT | Varney, 1968 | gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M |
ΔrS° | -1. | cal/mol*K | DT | Varney, 1959 | gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M |
By formula: O2+ + N2 = (O2+ • N2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 5.0 ± 0.3 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka and Nakajima, 1988 | gas phase; M |
ΔrH° | 5.2 | kcal/mol | HPMS | Speller and Fitaire, 1983 | gas phase; M |
ΔrH° | 5.7 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Janik and Conway, 1967 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 17.4 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka and Nakajima, 1988 | gas phase; M |
ΔrS° | 15.8 | cal/mol*K | HPMS | Speller and Fitaire, 1983 | gas phase; M |
ΔrS° | 18.9 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Janik and Conway, 1967 | gas phase; M |
Free energy of reaction
ΔrG° (kcal/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
0.0 | 296. | FA | Howard, Bierbaum, et al., 1972 | gas phase; M |
By formula: (HN2+ • 4N2) + N2 = (HN2+ • 5N2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 3.0 ± 0.3 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka and Mori, 1989 | gas phase; M |
ΔrH° | 3.2 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Saluja, et al., 1979 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 22.9 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka and Mori, 1989 | gas phase; M |
ΔrS° | 20. | cal/mol*K | N/A | Hiraoka, Saluja, et al., 1979 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M |
Free energy of reaction
ΔrG° (kcal/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
1.4 | 92. | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Saluja, et al., 1979 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M |
By formula: (O2- • 7N2 • O2) + N2 = (O2- • 8N2 • O2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 1.6 ± 0.3 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka, 1988 | gas phase; M |
ΔrH° | 1.53 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka, 1988 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 17.9 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka, 1988 | gas phase; M |
ΔrS° | 18.0 | cal/mol*K | N/A | Hiraoka, 1988 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M |
By formula: (O2+ • 2N2) + N2 = (O2+ • 3N2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 4.2 ± 0.3 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka and Nakajima, 1988 | gas phase; M |
ΔrH° | 3.5 | kcal/mol | HPMS | Speller and Fitaire, 1983 | gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 19.6 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka and Nakajima, 1988 | gas phase; M |
ΔrS° | 12.1 | cal/mol*K | HPMS | Speller and Fitaire, 1983 | gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M |
By formula: (O2+ • N2) + N2 = (O2+ • 2N2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 4.5 ± 0.3 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka and Nakajima, 1988 | gas phase; M |
ΔrH° | 4.3 | kcal/mol | HPMS | Speller and Fitaire, 1983 | gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 19.1 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka and Nakajima, 1988 | gas phase; M |
ΔrS° | 13.8 | cal/mol*K | HPMS | Speller and Fitaire, 1983 | gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M |
By formula: (NO- • N2) + N2 = (NO- • 2N2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 4.2 ± 0.3 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1989 | gas phase; M |
ΔrH° | 3.9 | kcal/mol | HPMS | Speller and Fitaire, 1983 | gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 17.4 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1989 | gas phase; M |
ΔrS° | 12.6 | cal/mol*K | HPMS | Speller and Fitaire, 1983 | gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M |
C3N2NiO3 (solution) = C3NiO3 (solution) + (solution)
By formula: C3N2NiO3 (solution) = C3NiO3 (solution) + N2 (solution)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 10. ± 1. | kcal/mol | KinS | Turner, Simpson, et al., 1983 | solvent: Liquid krypton; The reaction enthalpy relies on the experimental value for the activation enthalpy, 10. ± 1. kcal/mol, and on the assumption that the activation enthalpy for product recombination is negligible Turner, Simpson, et al., 1983.; MS |
By formula: N+ + N2 = (N+ • N2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 59.4 | kcal/mol | N/A | National Bureau of Standards, 1968 | gas phase; from ΔrH(f); M |
ΔrH° | 60. | kcal/mol | EI | Saporoschenko, 1965 | gas phase; M |
ΔrH° | 59. | kcal/mol | EI | Franklin, Dibeler, et al., 1958 | gas phase; M |
Enthalpy of reaction
ΔrH° (kcal/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
86.2 (+1.8,-0.) | CID | Haynes, Freysinger, et al., 1995 | gas phase; guided ion beam CID; M |
By formula: Cu+ + N2 = (Cu+ • N2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 6.2 | kcal/mol | HPMS | El-Shall, Schriver, et al., 1989 | gas phase; Cu+ from laser desrption; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 16. | cal/mol*K | HPMS | El-Shall, Schriver, et al., 1989 | gas phase; Cu+ from laser desrption; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 1.4 | kcal/mol | HPMS | El-Shall, Schriver, et al., 1989 | gas phase; Cu+ from laser desrption; M |
By formula: (HN2+ • 2N2) + N2 = (HN2+ • 3N2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 3.4 ± 0.3 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka and Mori, 1989 | gas phase; M |
ΔrH° | 3.8 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Saluja, et al., 1979 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 20.1 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka and Mori, 1989 | gas phase; M |
ΔrS° | 20. | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Saluja, et al., 1979 | gas phase; M |
By formula: (HN2+ • 3N2) + N2 = (HN2+ • 4N2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 3.3 ± 0.3 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka and Mori, 1989 | gas phase; M |
ΔrH° | 3.5 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Saluja, et al., 1979 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 21.2 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka and Mori, 1989 | gas phase; M |
ΔrS° | 20. | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Saluja, et al., 1979 | gas phase; M |
By formula: (HN2+ • N2) + N2 = (HN2+ • 2N2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 3.6 ± 0.3 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka and Mori, 1989 | gas phase; M |
ΔrH° | 4.0 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Saluja, et al., 1979 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 19.2 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka and Mori, 1989 | gas phase; M |
ΔrS° | 18. | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Saluja, et al., 1979 | gas phase; M |
By formula: Na+ + N2 = (Na+ • N2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 8.0 | kcal/mol | FA | Perry, Rowe, et al., 1980 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 18.6 | cal/mol*K | FA | Perry, Rowe, et al., 1980 | gas phase; M |
Free energy of reaction
ΔrG° (kcal/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
2.2 | 310. | FA | Perry, Rowe, et al., 1980 | gas phase; M |
2.0 | 310. | DT | Beyer and Keller, 1971 | gas phase; low E/N; M |
By formula: HN2+ + N2 = (HN2+ • N2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 16.0 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Saluja, et al., 1979 | gas phase; M |
ΔrH° | 14.5 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Field, 1974 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 24. | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka, Saluja, et al., 1979 | gas phase; M |
ΔrS° | 20.4 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Field, 1974 | gas phase; M |
C39H66N2O3P2W (solution) + (g) = C39H68O3P2W (solution) + (g)
By formula: C39H66N2O3P2W (solution) + H2 (g) = C39H68O3P2W (solution) + N2 (g)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 4.40 ± 0.41 | kcal/mol | EqS | Gonzalez and Hoff, 1989 | solvent: Tetrahydrofuran; Temperature range: 288-308 K; MS |
C39H66MoO3P3 (solution) + (g) = C39H66MoN2O3P2 (solution)
By formula: C39H66MoO3P3 (solution) + N2 (g) = C39H66MoN2O3P2 (solution)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -9.01 ± 0.60 | kcal/mol | EqS | Gonzalez and Hoff, 1989 | solvent: Tetrahydrofuran; Temperature range: 294-308 K; MS |
By formula: (H3O+ • 2N2 • 3H2O) + N2 = (H3O+ • 3N2 • 3H2O)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 1.2 | kcal/mol | DT | Gheno and Fitaire, 1987 | gas phase; ΔrH, ΔrS approximate; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 6.4 | cal/mol*K | DT | Gheno and Fitaire, 1987 | gas phase; ΔrH, ΔrS approximate; M |
By formula: (O2+ • 4N2) + N2 = (O2+ • 5N2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 2.7 ± 0.2 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka and Nakajima, 1988 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 16.2 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka and Nakajima, 1988 | gas phase; M |
Free energy of reaction
ΔrG° (kcal/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
0.7 | 184. | HPMS | Speller and Fitaire, 1983 | gas phase; M |
By formula: (NO- • 2N2) + N2 = (NO- • 3N2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 3.8 ± 0.3 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1989 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 16.8 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1989 | gas phase; M |
Free energy of reaction
ΔrG° (kcal/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
0.9 | 204. | HPMS | Speller, Fitaire, et al., 1983 | gas phase; M |
By formula: (NO- • 3N2) + N2 = (NO- • 4N2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 3.4 ± 0.3 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1989 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 17.9 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1989 | gas phase; M |
Free energy of reaction
ΔrG° (kcal/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
0.4 | 204. | HPMS | Speller, Fitaire, et al., 1983 | gas phase; M |
By formula: (O2+ • 3N2) + N2 = (O2+ • 4N2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 4.0 ± 0.3 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka and Nakajima, 1988 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 22.5 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka and Nakajima, 1988 | gas phase; M |
Free energy of reaction
ΔrG° (kcal/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
0.7 | 204. | HPMS | Speller and Fitaire, 1983 | gas phase; M |
By formula: (H3O+ • 3N2 • 2H2O) + N2 = (H3O+ • 4N2 • 2H2O)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 3. | kcal/mol | DT | Gheno and Fitaire, 1987 | gas phase; ΔrH, ΔrS approximate; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 12. | cal/mol*K | DT | Gheno and Fitaire, 1987 | gas phase; ΔrH, ΔrS approximate; M |
By formula: (NO- • 9N2) + N2 = (NO- • 10N2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 1.68 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1989 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 19. | cal/mol*K | N/A | Hiraoka and Yamabe, 1989 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M |
By formula: (HN2+ • 10N2) + N2 = (HN2+ • 11N2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 1.72 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka and Mori, 1989 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 22. | cal/mol*K | N/A | Hiraoka and Mori, 1989 | gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M |
By formula: O3- + N2 = (O3- • N2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 2.70 ± 0.20 | kcal/mol | TDAs | Hiraoka, 1988 | gas phase; B,M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 18.4 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka, 1988 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | -2.80 ± 0.50 | kcal/mol | TDAs | Hiraoka, 1988 | gas phase; B |
By formula: (C2H5+ • N2) + N2 = (C2H5+ • 2N2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 4.6 | kcal/mol | HPMS | Speller, 1983 | gas phase; deuterated, Entropy change is questionable; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 10.9 | cal/mol*K | HPMS | Speller, 1983 | gas phase; deuterated, Entropy change is questionable; M |
By formula: (N2+ • N2) + N2 = (N2+ • 2N2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 2.8 ± 0.2 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka and Nakajima, 1988 | gas phase; M |
ΔrH° | 1.4 | kcal/mol | PI | Linn, Ono, et al., 1981 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 15.0 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka and Nakajima, 1988 | gas phase; M |
By formula: (O2+ • O2) + N2 = (O2+ • N2 • O2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 2.9 | kcal/mol | HPMS | Speller and Fitaire, 1983 | gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 10.1 | cal/mol*K | HPMS | Speller and Fitaire, 1983 | gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M |
By formula: (Na+ • N2) + N2 = (Na+ • 2N2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 5.3 | kcal/mol | FA | Perry, Rowe, et al., 1980 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 16.8 | cal/mol*K | FA | Perry, Rowe, et al., 1980 | gas phase; M |
Free energy of reaction
ΔrG° (kcal/mol) | T (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
-0.3 | 310. | FA | Perry, Rowe, et al., 1980 | gas phase; M |
By formula: (CH2N+ • 2N2) + N2 = (CH2N+ • 3N2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 3.2 | kcal/mol | HPMS | Speller, Fitaire, et al., 1982 | gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 13.1 | cal/mol*K | HPMS | Speller, Fitaire, et al., 1982 | gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M |
By formula: (CH2N+ • 3N2) + N2 = (CH2N+ • 4N2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 3.1 | kcal/mol | HPMS | Speller, Fitaire, et al., 1982 | gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 13.8 | cal/mol*K | HPMS | Speller, Fitaire, et al., 1982 | gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M |
By formula: (CH2N+ • 4N2) + N2 = (CH2N+ • 5N2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 3.2 | kcal/mol | HPMS | Speller, Fitaire, et al., 1982 | gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 15.2 | cal/mol*K | HPMS | Speller, Fitaire, et al., 1982 | gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M |
By formula: C4H4BrNO2 + 0.5H4N2 = HBr + C4H5NO2 + 0.5N2
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -62.22 ± 0.11 | kcal/mol | Cm | Howard and Skinner, 1966 | solid phase; solvent: Aqueous solution; Reanalyzed by Pedley, Naylor, et al., 1986, Original value = -62.55 ± 0.11 kcal/mol; ALS |
By formula: O2- + N2 = (O2- • N2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 6.0 ± 1.0 | kcal/mol | N/A | Posey and Johnson, 1988 | gas phase; B |
ΔrH° | <13.60 | kcal/mol | IMRB | Adams and Bohme, 1970 | gas phase; N2..O2- + O2 -> O4-; B |
C12H34P4Ru (solution) + (solution) = C12H32N2P4Ru (solution) + (solution)
By formula: C12H34P4Ru (solution) + N2 (solution) = C12H32N2P4Ru (solution) + H2 (solution)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 3.90 | kcal/mol | PAC | Belt, Scaiano, et al., 1993 | solvent: Cyclohexane; The reaction enthalpy relies on 0.85 for the quantum yield of H2 dissociation.; MS |
By formula: (H3O+ • 2N2 • 2H2O) + N2 = (H3O+ • 3N2 • 2H2O)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 9.0 ± 2.7 | kcal/mol | DT | Gheno and Fitaire, 1987 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 28.4 | cal/mol*K | DT | Gheno and Fitaire, 1987 | gas phase; M |
(solution) + (solution) = C8H5N2O3V (solution) + (solution)
By formula: C9H5O4V (solution) + N2 (solution) = C8H5N2O3V (solution) + CO (solution)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 6.5 ± 1. | kcal/mol | PAC | Johnson, Popov, et al., 1991 | solvent: Heptane; The reaction enthalpy relies on 0.80 for the quantum yield of CO dissociation.; MS |
By formula: (O2- • 2N2 • O2) + N2 = (O2- • 3N2 • O2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 2.5 ± 0.2 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka, 1988 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 18.3 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka, 1988 | gas phase; M |
By formula: (O2- • 3N2 • O2) + N2 = (O2- • 4N2 • O2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 2.2 ± 0.2 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka, 1988 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 18.7 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka, 1988 | gas phase; M |
By formula: (O2- • 4N2 • O2) + N2 = (O2- • 5N2 • O2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 1.9 ± 0.2 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka, 1988 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 19.5 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka, 1988 | gas phase; M |
By formula: (O2- • 5N2 • O2) + N2 = (O2- • 6N2 • O2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 1.8 ± 0.2 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka, 1988 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 19.5 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka, 1988 | gas phase; M |
By formula: (O2- • 6N2 • O2) + N2 = (O2- • 7N2 • O2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 1.7 ± 0.2 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka, 1988 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 18.8 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka, 1988 | gas phase; M |
By formula: (O2- • N2 • O2) + N2 = (O2- • 2N2 • O2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 2.8 ± 0.2 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka, 1988 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 17.9 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka, 1988 | gas phase; M |
By formula: (H3O+ • 2N2 • H2O) + N2 = (H3O+ • 3N2 • H2O)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 8. ± 2. | kcal/mol | DT | Gheno and Fitaire, 1987 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 22. | cal/mol*K | DT | Gheno and Fitaire, 1987 | gas phase; M |
By formula: (H3O+ • N2 • 2H2O) + N2 = (H3O+ • 2N2 • 2H2O)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 5.2 | kcal/mol | DT | Gheno and Fitaire, 1987 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 16.6 | cal/mol*K | DT | Gheno and Fitaire, 1987 | gas phase; M |
By formula: (H3O+ • N2 • 3H2O) + N2 = (H3O+ • 2N2 • 3H2O)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 4.4 | kcal/mol | DT | Gheno and Fitaire, 1987 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 15.7 | cal/mol*K | DT | Gheno and Fitaire, 1987 | gas phase; M |
By formula: (O2+ • 10N2) + N2 = (O2+ • 11N2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 1.4 ± 0.3 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka and Nakajima, 1988 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 20.2 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka and Nakajima, 1988 | gas phase; M |
By formula: (N2+ • 10N2) + N2 = (N2+ • 11N2)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 1.7 ± 0.2 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Hiraoka and Nakajima, 1988 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 20.2 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Hiraoka and Nakajima, 1988 | gas phase; M |
Constants of diatomic molecules
Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: Klaus P. Huber and Gerhard H. Herzberg
Data collected through February, 1977
Symbol | Meaning |
---|---|
State | electronic state and / or symmetry symbol |
Te | minimum electronic energy (cm-1) |
ωe | vibrational constant – first term (cm-1) |
ωexe | vibrational constant – second term (cm-1) |
ωeye | vibrational constant – third term (cm-1) |
Be | rotational constant in equilibrium position (cm-1) |
αe | rotational constant – first term (cm-1) |
γe | rotation-vibration interaction constant (cm-1) |
De | centrifugal distortion constant (cm-1) |
βe | rotational constant – first term, centrifugal force (cm-1) |
re | internuclear distance (Å) |
Trans. | observed transition(s) corresponding to electronic state |
ν00 | position of 0-0 band (units noted in table) |
State | Te | ωe | ωexe | ωeye | Be | αe | γe | De | βe | re | Trans. | ν00 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
For a very detailed and critical review of the spectrum of nitrogen and its ions see the recent publication by Lofthus and Krupenie Lofthus and Krupenie, 1977. An Atlas of the VUV absorption spectrum 1060 - 1520 Å and table of absorption lines Tilford, Wilkinson, et al., 1966. Tables of band head wavelengths Wallace, 1962 Pearse and Gaydon, 1963 Lofthus and Krupenie, 1977. Photoionization and absorption cross sections Huffman, Tanaka, et al., 1963 Cook and Metzger, 1964 Carter, 1972. Potential functions Gilmore, 1965 Benesch, Vanderslice, et al., 1965 Gartner and Thrush, 1975 Lofthus and Krupenie, 1977. | ||||||||||||
Several Rydberg series (excitation of 1sN) with limit (K edge) at 409.5 eV. | ||||||||||||
↳Nakamura, Sasanuma, et al., 1969; Werme, Grennberg, et al., 1973; Vinogradov, Shlarbaum, et al., 1974; Vinogradov, Zimkina, et al., 1974 | ||||||||||||
x" (1Σu+) 1 | x" ← X | 405.59 $eV | ||||||||||
↳Nakamura, Sasanuma, et al., 1969; Werme, Grennberg, et al., 1973; Vinogradov, Shlarbaum, et al., 1974; Vinogradov, Zimkina, et al., 1974 | ||||||||||||
x' (1Πu) 2 | x'↔ X | 400.84 $eV | ||||||||||
↳Nakamura, Sasanuma, et al., 1969; Werme, Grennberg, et al., 1973; Vinogradov, Shlarbaum, et al., 1974; Vinogradov, Zimkina, et al., 1974 | ||||||||||||
Photoionization and dissociative photoionization processes corresponding to various excited states of N2+. 3 | ||||||||||||
State | Te | ωe | ωexe | ωeye | Be | αe | γe | De | βe | re | Trans. | ν00 |
v 1Πg 4 | v ← X | 253000 | ||||||||||
↳Lee, Wong, et al., 1975 | ||||||||||||
u5 | (183640) | (2100) | (15) 5 | u5←X | (183510) | |||||||
↳Codling, 1966; Lee, Carlson, et al., 1973 | ||||||||||||
u4 | (178565) | (2070) | (15) 5 | u4 ← X | (178420) | |||||||
↳Codling, 1966; Lee, Carlson, et al., 1973 | ||||||||||||
Hopfield | Hopfields Rydberg series converging to B 2 Σu+(v=0) of N2+: | |||||||||||
...2σu1πu43σg2nsσ ν = 151233 - R/(m+0.141 - 0.199/m)2, m=3...11 (apparent emission series)6 | ||||||||||||
↳Hopfield, 1930; missing citation; missing citation | ||||||||||||
...2σu1πu43σg2ndσ ν = 151233 - R/(m+0.070 - 0.041/m)2, m=3...20 (absorption series)7 8 9 | ||||||||||||
↳Hopfield, 1930; missing citation; missing citation | ||||||||||||
Worley | Worley's ("third") Rydberg series joining on to o3, o4, o5 and converging to A 2Πu1/2(v=0) of N2+: | |||||||||||
...2σu21πu33σg2nsσ ν = 134721 - R/(n - 1.06)2, n = 3...16.10 11 12 13 | ||||||||||||
↳Worley, 1943; missing citation; missing citation | ||||||||||||
Ogawa | Ogawa and Tanaka's Rydberg series joining on to O4, O5 and converging to A 2Πu3/2(v=0) of N2+: | |||||||||||
...2σu21πu33σg2nsσ ν = 134644 - R/(n*)2, n* = 2.84, 3.85, 4.86, ..., 14.91.10 11 12 13 | ||||||||||||
↳missing citation; missing citation | ||||||||||||
Several dissociation continua in the region 100000 - 160000 cm-1. | ||||||||||||
↳Comes and Weber, 1969; Cook, Ogawa, et al., 1973 | ||||||||||||
Several unidentified bands in the region 126100 - 131550 cm-1. | ||||||||||||
↳Ogawa, 1964 | ||||||||||||
State | Te | ωe | ωexe | ωeye | Be | αe | γe | De | βe | re | Trans. | ν00 |
s | 133355 14 | 1885 H | (12) 15 | s ← X | 133119 H | |||||||
↳Ogawa, 1964 | ||||||||||||
133316 14 | H | ( ) 15 | s ← X | 133080 H | ||||||||
↳Ogawa, 1964 | ||||||||||||
r | 132878 14 | 1903 H | (15) 16 | r ← X R | 132650 H | |||||||
↳Ogawa, 1964 | ||||||||||||
q | 132136 14 | 1900 H | (18) 17 | q ← X 18 | 131906 H | |||||||
↳Ogawa, 1964 | ||||||||||||
State | Te | ωe | ωexe | ωeye | Be | αe | γe | De | βe | re | Trans. | ν00 |
p | 129136 14 | 1869 H | (10) 19 | p ← X R | 128892 H | |||||||
↳Ogawa, 1964 | ||||||||||||
o5 1Πu | (127868) | (1935) 20 | (19) | o5 ← X R | 127655 HQ | |||||||
↳missing citation; missing citation | ||||||||||||
O5 (3Πu) | 127445 | 1925 HQ | 18.4 | O5 ← X R | 127227 HQ | |||||||
↳missing citation; missing citation | ||||||||||||
c'n and cn Rydberg series converging to X 2Σg+(v=0) of N2+: | ||||||||||||
State | Te | ωe | ωexe | ωeye | Be | αe | γe | De | βe | re | Trans. | ν00 |
c'n 1Σu+ 21 | c'n ← X | |||||||||||
↳Carroll and Yoshino, 1967; missing citation; Johns and Lepard, 1975 | ||||||||||||
cn 1Πu 22 | cn ← a" | |||||||||||
↳missing citation | ||||||||||||
cn 1Πu 26 | cn ← X 23 24 25 | |||||||||||
↳Worley and Jenkins, 1938; missing citation; missing citation; missing citation | ||||||||||||
o4 1Πu | 122419 | [1824.1] H | [1.7338] 27 | [4E-6] | [1.1784] | o4 ← X R | 122155.4 Z | |||||
↳Ogawa and Tanaka, 1962; Yoshino, Tanaka, et al., 1975 | ||||||||||||
State | Te | ωe | ωexe | ωeye | Be | αe | γe | De | βe | re | Trans. | ν00 |
O4 (3Πu) | 121263 | 1982 H | 27.0 | O4←X R | 121071.1 H | |||||||
↳Ogawa and Tanaka, 1962 | ||||||||||||
c'5 1Σu+ | (115876) | [2221.8] Z | 28 | [1.345] 29 | c'5←X R | 115849.8 Z | ||||||
↳Carroll and Collins, 1970; missing citation | ||||||||||||
c4 1Πu | 115635.9 | 2220.3 Z | 19.4 | [1.9261] 30 | 0.015 | [6.3E-6] 30 | 1.116 | c4 ← a" | 16725.12 Z | |||
↳missing citation | ||||||||||||
c4 1Πu 31 | c4←X R | 115565.53 Z | ||||||||||
↳missing citation; missing citation | ||||||||||||
State | Te | ωe | ωexe | ωeye | Be | αe | γe | De | βe | re | Trans. | ν00 |
z 1Δg | (115435) | (1700) | 1.761 | 0.0153 | 1.169 | z → w V | 43411.2 32 Z | |||||
↳Lofthus, 1957 | ||||||||||||
y 1Πg | 114305.2 33 | 1906.43 33 | 37.51 33 | 1.739 33 34 | 0.017 33 | (5.8E-6) | 1.177 | y → w V | 42467.5 35 Z | |||
↳missing citation; Carroll and Subbaram, 1975 | ||||||||||||
y → a' V | 46426.7 35 Z | |||||||||||
↳missing citation; Carroll and Subbaram, 1975 | ||||||||||||
k 1Πg | (113808) 36 | [2182.32] 33 | 1.959 33 | 0.031 33 | (5.9E-6) | 1.109 | k → w V | 41932.4 35 Z | ||||
↳missing citation | ||||||||||||
k → a' V | 45891.7 35 Z | |||||||||||
↳missing citation | ||||||||||||
State | Te | ωe | ωexe | ωeye | Be | αe | γe | De | βe | re | Trans. | ν00 |
x 1Σg- | 113438.0 | 1910.0 Z | 20.7 | 1.750 37 | 0.0225 | (6E-6) | 1.173 | x → a' V | 45472.8 Z | |||
↳Gaydon, 1944; missing citation; Rajan, 1974 | ||||||||||||
d' 1Σu- or 1Δu | [112500] 38 | d' → a | 42373 H | |||||||||
↳Herman-Montagne, 1945; Gaydon and Herman, 1946; Dressler, 1969 | ||||||||||||
o3 1Πu | 105869 39 | 1987.4 39 | 16.3 39 | 1.7339 39 | 0.0088 39 | (5.3E-6) | 1.1784 | o3→a V | 36731 | |||
↳Janin and Crozet, 1946; Janin, 1950 | ||||||||||||
o3 ← X 40 R | 105683 | |||||||||||
↳Worley, 1943; Yoshino, Tanaka, et al., 1975 | ||||||||||||
State | Te | ωe | ωexe | ωeye | Be | αe | γe | De | βe | re | Trans. | ν00 |
H 3Φu | (105720) | 924.21 Z | 12.29 | -0.173 | 1.0873 | 0.0191 | [7.0E-6] 41 | 1.4881 | (H → ?) 42 | 12407.2 H | ||
↳Herman, 1951; Carroll and Sayers, 1953 | ||||||||||||
H → G 43 V | 17897.08 44 Z | |||||||||||
↳Gaydon, 1944, 2; Herman-Montagne, 1945; Grun, 1954; missing citation | ||||||||||||
c'4 1Σu+ | 104519 45 | 2201.78 45 | 25.199 45 | 1.9612 45 | 0.0436 45 | 1.1080 | c'4 → a VR | 35371.2 Z | ||||
↳missing citation | ||||||||||||
c'4 ↔ X 46 R | 104323.3 47 Z | |||||||||||
↳Tilford and Wilkinson, 1964; Carroll and Yoshino, 1967; Carroll and Collins, 1969; Dressler, 1969; Carroll and Collins, 1970 | ||||||||||||
State | Te | ωe | ωexe | ωeye | Be | αe | γe | De | βe | re | Trans. | ν00 |
c3 1Πu | 104476 | 2192.20 48 | 14.70 48 | 1.9320 48 | 0.0395 48 | 1.1163 | c3 → a RV | (35187.0) (Z | ||||
↳Janin, 1950 | ||||||||||||
c3 ↔ X 49 R | 104138.2 50 Z | |||||||||||
↳Carroll and Collins, 1969; Dressler, 1969 | ||||||||||||
b' 1Σu+ | 104498 51 | 760.08 51 | 4.418 51 | 0.1093 | 1.1549 51 52 | 0.007387 51 | -7.50E-5 | 1.4439 | b' → a R | 53 | ||
↳Lofthus, 1957 | ||||||||||||
b' ↔ X 49 R | 103673.8 54 Z | |||||||||||
↳Wilkinson and Houk, 1956; Carroll and Collins, 1970 | ||||||||||||
State | Te | ωe | ωexe | ωeye | Be | αe | γe | De | βe | re | Trans. | ν00 |
D 3Σu+ | [104746.6] 55 | [1.961] | [20E-6] | [1.1080] | D → B 56 V | 44264.1 57 Z | ||||||
↳Gero and Schmid, 1940 | ||||||||||||
b 1Πu | (101675) | [634.8] 58 | [1.4483] 59 60 | -0.00362 | [29E-6] 61 | 1.2841 62 | b → a R | (31865.7) Z | ||||
↳Gaydon, 1944; Herman-Montagne, 1945; Lofthus, 1957; Rajan, 1974 | ||||||||||||
b ↔ X 49 R | 100816.9 Z | |||||||||||
↳Carroll and Collins, 1969; Yoshino, Tanaka, et al., 1975 | ||||||||||||
a" 1Σg+ | [100016.0] | [1.9133] 63 | [6.2E-6] 63 | [1.1218] | a" ← X 64 | 98840.30 63 Z | ||||||
↳Lutz, 1969 | ||||||||||||
State | Te | ωe | ωexe | ωeye | Be | αe | γe | De | βe | re | Trans. | ν00 |
C' 3Πu | 98351 65 | 791 | 33.5 | [1.04976] | 66 | [10.9E-6] 67 | [1.5146] | C' ↔ B R | 38255.5 68 Z | |||
↳missing citation; missing citation; missing citation | ||||||||||||
E 3Σg+ | (95858) | [2185] H | [1.927.3] | [6.0E-6] | [1.1177] | E → B V | (36467.9) Z | |||||
↳Freund, 1969 | ||||||||||||
E → A V | 46019.72 Z | |||||||||||
↳missing citation | ||||||||||||
E ← X 69 | ||||||||||||
State | Te | ωe | ωexe | ωeye | Be | αe | γe | De | βe | re | Trans. | ν00 |
C" 5Πu | (93500) 70 | |||||||||||
C 3Πu | 89136.88 71 | 2047.178 Z | 28.4450 72 | 1.82473 73 | 0.01868 74 | 1,14869 | C → B 75 76 V | 29671.0 Z | ||||
↳Coster, Brons, et al., 1933; Dieke and Heath, 1959; missing citation; missing citation; missing citation | ||||||||||||
C ← X 77 R | 88977.89 Z | |||||||||||
↳Tanaka, 1955; Tanaka, Ogawa, et al., 1964; missing citation | ||||||||||||
G 3Δg | (87900) 78 | [742.49] Z | (11.85) H | 0.9280 | 0.0161 | [5.0E-6] | 1.6107 | |||||
↳Carroll, Collins, et al., 1972 | ||||||||||||
State | Te | ωe | ωexe | ωeye | Be | αe | γe | De | βe | re | Trans. | ν00 |
A' 5Σg+ | (78800) 79 | (650) 79 80 | (1.55) 81 | |||||||||
w 1Δu | 72097.4 | 1559.26 82 H | 11.63 | 1.498 83 | 0.0166 | 1.268 | w → a 84 R | 2747.29 Z | ||||
↳McFarlane, 1966 | ||||||||||||
w ← X 77 85 R | 71698.4 86 Z | |||||||||||
↳Tanaka, Ogawa, et al., 1964; Chutjian, Cartwright, et al., 1973 | ||||||||||||
a 1Πg | 69283.06 | 1694.208 Z | 13.9491 87 | 7.935E-3 | 1.6169 88 | 0.01793 | -2.93E-5 | (5.89E-6) | 1.2203 | a → a' 84 V | 1212.28 Z | |
↳McFarlane, 1965; McFarlane, 1966, 2 | ||||||||||||
a ↔ X 89 90 R | 68951.20 Z | |||||||||||
↳missing citation; Miller, 1970 | ||||||||||||
State | Te | ωe | ωexe | ωeye | Be | αe | γe | De | βe | re | Trans. | ν00 |
a' 1Σu- | 68152.66 | 1530.254 Z | 12.0747 91 | .04129 | 1.4799 | 0.01657 | 2.41E-5 | (5.55E-6) | 1.2755 | a' ↔ X 92 R | 67739.31 Z | |
↳missing citation; missing citation; Campbell and Thrush, 1969; Golde, 1975; Chutjian, Cartwright, et al., 1973 | ||||||||||||
B' 3Σu- | 66272.47 | 1516.88 Z | 12.181 93 | .04186 | 1.4733 94 | 0.01666 95 | 9E-6 | (5.56E-6) | 1.2784 | B' → B R | (6545.5) Z | |
↳Carroll and Rubalcava, 1960; Dieke and Heath, 1960; Gartner and Thrush, 1975 | ||||||||||||
B'↔X 96 R | 65852.35 Z | |||||||||||
↳missing citation; Wilkinson, 1960; missing citation; Golde and Thrush, 1972; Chutjian, Cartwright, et al., 1973 | ||||||||||||
W 3Δu | 59808 | (1501.4) Z | 11.6 | W ↔ B RV | 73 | |||||||
↳Wu and Benesch, 1968; Saum and Benesch, 1970; Benesch and Saum, 1971; Covey, Saum, et al., 1973 | ||||||||||||
W ← X 97 R | 59380 | |||||||||||
↳missing citation; Chutjian, Cartwright, et al., 1973 | ||||||||||||
State | Te | ωe | ωexe | ωeye | Be | αe | γe | De | βe | re | Trans. | ν00 |
B 3Πg | 59619.35 98 | 1733.39 Z | 14.122 99 | -0.0569 | 1.63745 100 | 0.01791 101 | 7.7E-5 | [5.9E-6] | 1.21260 | B ↔ A 102 103 V | 9552.03 Z | |
↳Dieke and Heath, 1959; Lofthus and Krupenie, 1977 | ||||||||||||
B ← X 104 R | 59306.81 Z | |||||||||||
↳Wilkinson, 1962 | ||||||||||||
A 3Σu+ | 50203.63 | 1460.64 Z | 13.872 105 | .0103 | 1.4546 106 | 0.0180 107 | -8.8E-5 | [6.15E-6] | 1.2866 | A↔X 108 104 R | 49754.78 Z | |
↳Dieke and Heath, 1959; Miller, 1965; Miller, 1966 | ||||||||||||
X 1Σg+ | 0 | 2358.57 Z | 14.324 109 | -2.26E-3 | 1.998241 110 | 0.017318 110 | [5.76E-6] | 1.097685 111 | ||||
- pressure induced | ||||||||||||
↳Crawford, Welsh, et al., 1949; Bosomworth and Gush, 1965; Reddy and Cho, 1965; Shapiro and Gush, 1966; de Remigis, Welsh, et al., 1971; Sheng and Ewing, 1971; Buontempo, Cunsolo, et al., 1975 | ||||||||||||
- el. field induced | ||||||||||||
↳Courtois and Jouve, 1975 | ||||||||||||
Raman Spectra 112 | ||||||||||||
↳Stoicheff, 1954; Butcher, Willetts, et al., 1971; Bendtsen, 1974 | ||||||||||||
Mol. beam magn. reson. 113 |
Notes
1 | X-ray absorption (3sσ ← 1sN). |
2 | X-ray absorption and emission (1πg ↔ 1sN), broad peak. 119 |
3 | Absorption cross sections 140000-500000 cm-1 Lee, Carlson, et al., 1973, Watson, Lang, et al., 1973. |
4 | From high-energy electron impact spectroscopy. |
5 | First two members of Codling's Rydberg series. 120 |
6 | Longward of the apparent emission "lines" are close-lying fairly sharp absorption "lines" Ogawa and Tanaka, 1962. Both features belong to the same Fano shape produced by the interaction of the series of Rydberg levels with the continuum joining on to the A 2Π (or, less likely, X 2Σ) limit. |
7 | Similar series with v'=1. |
8 | The first three members at 138330, 144090, 146690 cm-1 are very broad (presumably because of preionization), the higher members are sharper and shaded to the red. No rotational structure has been resolved. Preionization also observed by electron spectroscopy Hicks, Comer, et al., 1973, Wilden, Hicks, et al., 1976. |
9 | Oscillator strengths from absorption coefficients: f(m=3,4,..) = 0.0131, 0.0053, ... Cook and Ogawa, 1970. |
10 | Similar series for v'=l [observed to n=45 (2Π1/2) and n*=40.2 (2Π3/2)] and for v'=2...7 Yoshino, Ogawa, et al., 1976. |
11 | Corresponding series in 15N2 Ogawa, 1964. |
12 | Preionization observed in photoionization studies Cook and Ogawa, 1965, Comes and Weber, 1969, Carter and Berkowitz, 1973. |
13 | Preionization in absorption series having v'=1...4 was observed in active nitrogen using the photoionization technique Cook and McNeal, 1972. |
14 | These designations should not be confused with the older designations of component states of b 1Πu and b' 1Σu+. |
15 | Ogawa's "new progression 4" 12 |
16 | Ogawa's "new progression 3" 12 122 |
17 | Ogawa's "new progression 2" 12 122 |
18 | Linelike, not shaded. |
19 | Ogawa's "new progression 1" 12 122 |
20 | Vibrational intervals decrease irregularly: v=0 was shown [by electron spectroscopy Wilden, Hicks, et al., 1976] to be preionized. |
21 | ...1πu43σgnpσ 123 -Carroll and Yoshino's series joining on to c'4, c'5. |
22 | ...1πu43σgnpπ 123Ledbetters series c4, c5, c6. |
23 | Similar series with v'=1. |
24 | Corresponding series in 15N2 Ogawa, 1964. |
25 | See 13. |
26 | - Worley and Jenkin's series joining on to c3, c4: ν = 125666.8124 - R/(m + 0.3697 - 0.3459/m + 0.532/m2 - 0.960/m4)2, m(=n-1) = 2...31. |
27 | Only v=0 [perturbed by c'6(v=1)] is sharp: bands with v'= 1,2,3 are diffuse owing to predissociation or preionization (levels with v > 2 are above the first ionization potential). |
28 | ΔG(3/2) = 2119.7, see 29. |
29 | Strong homogeneous perturbations with the higher vibrational levels (v ≥ 18) of b' 1Σu+ Carroll and Yoshino, 1972. The B0 value is an effective value at low J: Beff(v=1) = 1.285, Beff(v=2)= 1.173. In addition, there are heterogeneous interactions with the close- lying levels of c4 1Πu. For deperturbed constants see Leoni and Dressler, 1972, Leoni, 1972. |
30 | Constants for Π- Ledbetter, 1972; B0(Π+) = 1.906. αe from Carroll and Yoshino, 1972. |
31 | [A progression of six bands (v"=1-6) arises from c4(v'=0) → a, Herman-Montagne, 1945 ] |
32 | Reevaluated from the origin of the 0-2 band. Lofthus, 1957 gives 43667.0 which was undoubtedly calculated with the constants of the a rather than of the w state. |
33 | Strong homogeneous interaction between k 1Πg and y 1Πg. The constants given are the deperturbed values from Carroll and Subbaram, 1975 and refer to Π-, the only component observed in k 1Πg. |
34 | Predissociation of the Π+ component above J=10 of v=0. Λ-type doubling and predissociation discussed in Mulliken, 1976. |
35 | Not deperturbed. |
36 | From the deperturbed T00 = 113723.58. |
37 | 0nly v'=0,1,2 observed. Predissociation (weakening of emission) at v'=2, J"≈l5 corresponding to the limit 2D+2D Lofthus, 1960; actual breaking off occurs at J'=25. See also Mulliken, 1976. |
38 | Only v'=0 observed |
39 | Deperturbed constants Yoshino, Tanaka, et al., 1975. Homogeneous interactions with levels (v > 6) of b 1Πu and heterogeneous perturbations by b' 1Σu+. |
40 | 0scil1ator strengths Carter, 1972. |
41 | D1(E-6 cm-1)= 4.5 Carroll, Collins, et al., 1972, D2(E-6 cm-1)= 6.0 Carroll, Collins, et al., 1972, D3(E-6 cm-1)= 5.0 Carroll, Collins, et al., 1972. See, however, Veseth, 1973. |
42 | Fragment of near infrared spectrum, ΔG"(1/2) ≈ 712. |
43 | Franck-Condon factors and r-centroids Mohamed and Khanna, 1974. |
44 | From a more detailed theoretical treatment Veseth, 1973 derives v00 = 17902.400 Veseth, 1973. |
45 | Deperturbed constants Leoni and Dressler, 1972, Leoni, 1972; ωeye= +0.7874. Strong perturbations produced by interaction with b' 1Σu+; before these perturbations were recognized Dressler, 1969, Lefebvre-Brion, 1969 the vibrational levels were attributed to independent states called p', r', k, s', h, h', h", h'". The observed vibrational intervals (from band origins) and rotational constants for v = 0,1,2,3... are: ΔG(v+1/2) = 2046.2, 2175.5, 2112.2, 2111.7 ...; Bv = 1.929, 1.711, 1.436, 1.594 ... |
46 | Radiative lifetime τ(v'=0) = 0.9 ns Hesser and Dressler, 1966, Hesser, 1968: oscillator strengths Lawrence, Mickey, et al., 1968, Carter, 1972. |
47 | Observed v00, not deperturbed. |
48 | deperturbed constants Leoni and Dressler, 1972, Leoni, 1972. Strong perturbations produced by interaction with b 1Πu: the observed vibrational intervals (from band heads) and rotational constants for v=0,1,2,.., are: ΔG(v+1/2) = 2401, 2146, 2103, 2042; Bv(Π-) = 1.516, 1.755, 1.813 [see Carroll and Collins, 1969, Leoni, 1972]. |
49 | Oscillator strengths Lawrence, Mickey, et al., 1968, Carter, 1972. |
50 | missing note |
51 | Deperturbed constants Leoni and Dressler, 1972, Leoni, 1972; Strong perturbations on account of interactions with c'4, c'5 1Σu+. Before these perturbations were recognized Carroll and Collins, 1969, Dressler, 1969, Hopfield, 1930O6a, Carroll and Collins, 1970 several of the vibrational levels were assumed to be independent states called b', g, f, r, s, t, u by Worley, 1943. The observed vibrational intervals (from band origins) and rotational constants for v= 0,1,2,3, ... are: ΔG(v+1/2) = 744.9, 732.9, 717.6, 777.7, ... ; Bv = 1.1515, 1.15, 1.142, 1.152, .... The highest observed level is v=28. Intensity perturbations in the electron energy loss spectrum Geiger and Schroder, 1969. |
52 | The b'←X absorption bands show diffuseness indicating predissociation for v'=20, 21, 22 Carroll and Collins, 1970. Emission bands have only been observed to v'=9. For v'= 5 and above J'=12 an intensity anomaly suggesting inverse predissociation has been observed in emission Tilford and Wilkinson, 1964, 2: it corresponds to the limit 4S + 2P. Selective emission from v'=0,2,7 in discharges in Ar and Kr with traces of N2 Tanaka and Nakamura, 1967. |
53 | Only the 7-0 band was observed at v0 = 40000.7 Lofthus, 1957. |
54 | 0bserved band origin, not deperturbed. |
55 | Only v=0 is observed |
56 | Lifetime τ(v=0) = 14.1 ns Kurzweg, Egbert, et al., 1973. Franck Condon factors Hebert and Nicholls, 1969. |
57 | Extrapolated from Q2(3) of the 0-1 band. |
58 | ΔG(3/2,5/2,...) = 700.0, 711.9, 685.2, 1151.4, 646.2, ... Carroll and Collins, 1969 [ Carroll and Collins, 1969, from band origins]. Leoni and Dressler, 1972, Leoni, 1972 give the deperturbed constants ωe = 461.01 Leoni and Dressler, 1972, Leoni, 1972, ωexe = -132.257 Leoni and Dressler, 1972, Leoni, 1972, ωeye = -35.005 Leoni and Dressler, 1972, Leoni, 1972, ωeze = +5.822 Leoni and Dressler, 1972, Leoni, 1972, ...; see 59. |
59 | Bv(v=1, 2, 3...) = 1.4086, 1.3872, 1.38l5, 1.42l3 ... Carroll and Collins, 1969: Leoni and Dressler, 1972, l52a give the deperturbed constants Be = 1.4601 Leoni and Dressler, 1972, Leoni, 1972, αe= 0.02624 Leoni and Dressler, 1972, Leoni, 1972, ... Strong perturbations on account of interaction with the c3 1Πu and o3 1Πu Rydberg states. Before these perturbations were recognized Carroll and Collins, 1969, Dressler, 1969 several of the vibrational levels were assumed to be independent electronic states called i, j, b, l, m, p, q Worley, 1943. Intensity perturbations in the electron energy loss spectrum Meyer, Skerbele, et al., 1965, Geiger and Schroder, 1969. |
60 | The lines of absorption bands with v'= 0,2,3,4 are broadened on account of predissociation (especially v'=3); corresponding emission bands have not been observed. The state causing the predissociation is probably C' 3Πu Carroll and Collins, 1969; see, however, Leoni and Dressler, 1971 who find that an additional diffuse level, very likely the still missing O3 3Πu(v=0) level at ~103000 cm-1, is required to explain the broadening of v'= 3. |
61 | Effective (perturbed) D0 value. |
62 | From the deperturbed Be (see 59) |
63 | From Rydberg series having a" as lower state Ledbetter, 1972. |
64 | First thought to be observed as quadrupole absorption Dressler and Lutz, 1967, later recognized as pressure-induced dipole transition represented by a broad diffuse absorption band at ~99005 cm-1 Lutz, 1969: note the large pressure shift of +165 cm-1. The electron energy loss spectrum Lassettre, Skerbele, et al., 1966 shows a peak at 12.25 eV. Another 1Σg+ state, non-Rydberg in character, is predicted to intersect a" not far from its minimum Michels, 1970. |
65 | A0 = 2.10 Ledbetter and Dressler, 1976, recalculated by Ledbetter and Dressler, 1976 from the data of Carroll, 1963 who obtained 1.15: A1 = 2.73 Ledbetter and Dressler, 1976, deperturbed value Ledbetter and Dressler, 1976. |
66 | B1(observed) = 1.2056, B1(deperturbed) = 1.026. Strong mixing of C'(v=1) with C(v=5). Deperturbed constants and RKR potential functions are given by Ledbetter and Dressler, 1976 who have analyzed in detail the C'(v=1)←B(v=5) band for 14N2, 14N15N and 15N2. The perturbing level C(v=5) was recently observed by Ledbetter, 1977 in absorption from B(v=6). |
67 | H0 = 8.3E-10. |
68 | v00 = 38296.75 in Carroll, 1963 refers to the F1 component. |
69 | Resonance-like electron impact excitation function centered at 12.2 eV with a half-width of 0.4 eV Borst, 1972. Lifetime of the E state 190 μs Borst and Zipf, 1971. |
70 | Arising from 4S + 2D; according to Carroll and Mulliken, 1965 responsible for the main predissociation in C 3Πu. |
71 | A = 39.2 Budo, 1935. |
72 | ωeye= +2.08833. ωeze = -0.5350. |
73 | Breaking-off on account of predissociation Buttenbender and Herzberg, 1935 in v' = 1, 2, 3, 4 above N' = 65, 55, 43, 28, respectively, yielding an accurate dissociation limit at 97938 cm-1 (4S + 2D). A second predissociation in high-pressure discharges (when the first predissociation disappears) has been found in v'=2 and 3 above N'= 80 and 67, respectively Hori and Endo, 1941. According to Carroll and Mulliken, 1965 the first predissociation is caused by C" 5Πu, the second by C' 3Πu. Predissociation in 15N2 Frackowiak, 1964. Intensity perturbations Coster, Brons, et al., 1933, Gero, 1935, Coster and Brons, 1935. |
74 | αv= -0.00228(v+1/2)2 + 0.000733(v+1/2)3 - 0.000l5(v+1/2)4. |
75 | Lifetimes for v = 0,1,2 vary between 35 and 41 ns Johnson and Fowler, 1970, Imhof and Read, 1971, Dotchin and Chupp, 1973, Chen and Anderson, 1975, Osherovich and Gorshkov, 1976. For f values of C-B see Nicholls, 1963, Reis, 1964. |
76 | The head of the 0-0 band produces laser oscillation: high resolution measurements of the laser lines Parks, Rao, et al., 1968, see also Kasuya and Lide, 1967. An anomalous intensity alternation has been observed by Bleekrode, 1968, see also Fishburne, Lazdinis, et al., 1967. C(v=5) ← B(v=6) band in absorption Ledbetter, 1977. 14N15N and 15N2 isotope shifts Shvangiradze, Oganezov, et al., 1960. RKR Franck-Condon factors Zare, Larsson, et al., 1965, Benesch, Vanderslice, et al., 1966, dependence on rotation Shumaker, 1969. Integrated band intensities Tyte, 1962. Dependence of the electronic transition moment on r Shemansky and Broadfoot, 1971, Jain, 1972: absolute transition probabilities Shemansky and Broadfoot, 1971. |
77 | RKR Franck-Condon factors Zare, Larsson, et al., 1965, Benesch, Vanderslice, et al., 1966, 2, Lofthus and Krupenie, 1977. |
78 | A0 = -0.21, A1 = -0.25. All constants for this state are from H→G Carroll, Collins, et al., 1972: for a more detailed theoretical treatment and somewhat different constants see Veseth, 1973. |
79 | From the predissociations in a and B Carroll, 1962: see also Oldenberg, 1957, Mulliken, 1962. The dissociation energy of this state is estimated to be between 850 and 1100 cm-1. According to Bayes and Kistiakowsky, 1960 the 5Σg+ state plays an important role in the mechanism of the Lewis-Rayleigh afterglow of nitrogen. |
80 | For more recent results of an ab initio calculation see Krauss and Neumann, 1976. |
81 | missing note |
82 | Vibrational constants from the absorption spectrum Tanaka, Ogawa, et al., 1964, good agreement with band origin data for k→w Carroll and Subbaram, 1975. |
83 | Rotational constants from y→w Lofthus and Mulliken, 1957. |
84 | Appears in stimulated emission. |
85 | The w←X Tanaka bands appear diffuse even under high resolution Tilford, Vanderslice, et al., 1979 indicating that this is a pressure-induced transition which has apparently no measurable spontaneous transition probability Tilford and Benesch, 1976. Observed in solid N2 by Roncin, Damany, et al., 1967. |
86 | From v00(a-X)+v00(w-a) McFarlane, 1966. The value from the w←X absorption spectrum is 71740.3 (head) indicating a pressure shift of ≈ +40 cm-1; compare with a"← X. |
87 | ωeze= +0.000291 Vanderslice, Tilford, et al., 1965: Lofthus and Krupenie, 1977 give very slightly different numbers. |
88 | Λ-type doubling, |q0| = 0.00010 McFarlane, 1966. Breaking-off at low pressure above v=6, J=13 for both Λ components because of predissociation Douglas and Herzberg, 1951. The state causing the predissociation is 5Σg+ from 4S + 4S. |
89 | The lifetime is about 100 μs but depends strongly on v. Non-exponential decay because of radiative interactions with a' 1Σu- and w 1Δu Freund, 1972. See also Ching, Cook, et al., 1967, Pilling, Bass, et al., 1971 who give f values. |
90 | This transition has both a magnetic dipole and an electric quadrupole component Wilkinson and Mulliken, 1957, Vanderslice, Wilkinson, et al., 1965, see also Pilling, Bass, et al., 1971. Observed in absorption in solid N2 by Roncin, Damany, et al., 1967. RKR Franck-Condon factors Zare, Larsson, et al., 1965, Benesch, Vanderslice, et al., 1966, 2, Lofthus and Krupenie, 1977. From intensity measurements and the Franck-Condon factors of Zare, Larsson, et al., 1965 it is concluded by McEwen and Nicholls, 1966 that the electronic transition moment can be considered as constant for most bands of this system. Comparison with intensities in the electron energy loss spectrum Lassettre, Meyer, et al., 1965. |
91 | ωeze = -0.000290 Tilford, Wilkinson, et al., 1965: Lofthus and Krupenie, 1977 give very slightly different numbers. |
92 | Franck-Condon factors: f00(a'-X) = 8.4E-11 Benesch, Vanderslice, et al., 1966, 2, Lofthus and Krupenie, 1977, corresponding to a lifetime of τ= 0.013 s Tilford and Benesch, 1976. |
93 | ωeze = -0.000732 Lofthus and Krupenie, 1977. |
94 | Spin splitting constants (v=5): λ = +0.66 Tilford, Vanderslice, et al., 1965, γ = -0.0030 Tilford, Vanderslice, et al., 1965. |
95 | Lofthus and Krupenie, 1977. |
96 | RKR Franck-Condon factors Benesch, Vanderslice, et al., 1966, 2, Lofthus and Krupenie, 1977. Rotational intensity distribution Kovacs, 1970. |
97 | Franck-Condon factors Saum and Benesch, 1970, 2. |
98 | Ae = 42.24 Bullock and Hause, 1971. |
99 | ωeze = +0.00361 Lofthus and Krupenie, 1977: slightly different constants are given by Artym, 1966, Bullock and Hause, 1971. |
100 | Predissociation above v=12,N=33 Van Der Ziel, 1934, Polak, Slovetskii, et al., 1972. The state causing the predissociation is probably A' 5Σg+. Inverse predissociation A' 5Σg+→B 3Πg seems to be responsible for some of the phenomena in active nitrogen [see Becker, Fink, et al., 1972 and references quoted there]. The levels v'= 12,11,10 are preferably excited in the Lewis-Rayleigh afterglow: for excitation of other levels in the afterglow see Ung, 1976. |
101 | Lofthus and Krupenie, 1977: slightly different constants in Bullock and Hause, 1971. |
102 | Lifetime τ(v=0...12)= 5.0 μs Chen and Anderson, 1975, 2: see also Jeunehomme, 1966. For B-A absorption f values (f ~0.0025) see Wurster, 1962, Dronov, Sobolev, et al., 1966, Cunio and Jansson, 1968. |
103 | Stimulated emission for some of the lines of the 4-2, 3-1, 2-0, 2-1, 1-0, 0-0, 0-1 bands has been observed Kasuya and Lide, 1967. RKR Franck-Condon factors Zare, Larsson, et al., 1965, Benesch, Vanderslice, et al., 1966, dependence on rotation Shumaker, 1969. Dependence of the electronic transition moment on r Shemansky and Broadfoot, 1971, Jain, 1972: absolute transition probabilities Kupriyanova, Kolesnikov, et al., 1969, Shemansky and Broadfoot, 1971. |
104 | Franck-Condon factors Benesch, Vanderslice, et al., 1966, 2, Lofthus and Krupenie, 1977. Rotational intensity distribution in the Vegard-Kaplan bands Miller, 1970, 2. |
105 | ωeze= -0.00197 Lofthus and Krupenie, 1977; slightly different constants in Artym, 1966, Bullock and Hause, 1971. |
106 | Spin-splitting constants (v=0): λ(v=0) = -1.33 Miller, 1965, γ(v=0) = -0.003 Miller, 1965; see also Bullock and Hause, 1971. The radio-frequency spectrum of this state was studied by the molecular beam magnetic resonance method Freund, Miller, et al., 1970, de Santis, Lurio, et al., 1973: magnetic hyperfine and electric quadrupole coupling constants. |
107 | Lofthus and Krupenie, 1977. |
108 | Lifetime τ= 1.3 s (F2) Shemansky, 1969, Shemansky and Carleton, 1969, Meyer, Klosterboer, et al., 1971, τ= 2.5 s (F1, F3) Shemansky, 1969, Shemansky and Carleton, 1969, Meyer, Klosterboer, et al., 1971 levels Shemansky, 1969, Shemansky and Carleton, 1969, Meyer, Klosterboer, et al., 1971; electronic transition moment, variation with r Chandraiah and Shepherd, 1968, Broadfoot and Maran, 1969, Shemansky, 1969. |
109 | ωeze = -0.00024 Lofthus and Krupenie, 1977. Bendtsen, 1974 gives ΔG(1/2) = 2329.9168 and similar data for 14N15N and 15N2. |
110 | From B0 and B1 of Bendtsen, 1974 and using γe = -0.000033 Lofthus and Krupenie, 1977. |
111 | Rot.-vibr.128 and rot. sp.: |
112 | Raman spectra of 14N15N and 15N2 Bendtsen, 1974, Butcher and Jones, 1974. |
113 | gJ(15N2) = 0.2593, sign not determined Chan, Baker, et al., 1964. For magnetic resonance spectra of metastable N2 in the A 3Σu+ state see Freund, Miller, et al., 1970, de Santis, Lurio, et al., 1973. |
114 | From the predissociation in C 3Πu assuming dissociation into 4S3/2 + 2D5/2. The latest ab initio calculation of the ground state gives De = 8.58 eV Dunning, Cartwright, et al., 1976. |
115 | From the Rydberg series. |
116 | Average of the two limits corresponding to 2Π3/2 and 2Π1/2. |
117 | From the data on N2+. |
118 | From x → X of N2+ and I.P.(N2): the extrapolated K limit is 409.5 eV Nakamura, Sasanuma, et al., 1969. |
119 | Confirmed by electron-energy-loss measurements van der Wiel, El-Sherbini, et al., 1970. Preionization to X 2Σg+ and A 2Πu of N2+ observed by Auger electrons of 384.7 and 383.8 eV Carlson, Moddeman, et al., 1970. |
120 | This series, of which only two members have been observed, probably converges to C 2Σu+ of N2+. In u4 v=1...13, in u5 v=3...8 have been observed, but the vibrational numbering in both states is uncertain. Evidence of preionization. |
121 | Interpreted as . ..ndΣ by Lindholm, 1969. |
122 | Preionization also observed by electron spectroscopy Hicks, Comer, et al., 1973, Wilden, Hicks, et al., 1976. |
123 | For higher n values cn and c'n+l lie close together and interact strongly (l-uncoupling). Band structures for n = 5...12 have been discussed Carroll and Yoshino, 1972, Carroll, 1973, Johns and Lepard, 1975. |
124 | The limit according to Yoshino [see Lofthus and Krupenie, 1977] lies at 125667.5 cm-1 but is estimated Lofthus and Krupenie, 1977 to have an uncertainty of 5 cm-1. |
125 | A0...A3= -12.073 ... -12.094 Carroll, Collins, et al., 1972; see also Veseth, 1973. |
126 | Quoted from Lofthus and Krupenie, 1977; not deperturbed. Dressler, 1969 gives 104139. |
127 | Also referred to as "infrared afterglow bands". |
128 | Predicted transition moments for quadrupole vibration spectrum Cartwright and Dunning, 1974. The quadrupole moment in the v=0 level is measured to be -1.4E-26 e.s.u. cm2 Ketelaar and Rettschnick, 1963, Buckingham, Disch, et al., 1968. |
References
Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, Constants of diatomic molecules, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
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Ledbetter and Dressler, 1976
Ledbetter, J.W., Jr.; Dressler, K.,
Interaction of the C'3Πu and C3Πu states in 14N2, 14N15N, and 15N2,
J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1976, 63, 370. [all data]
Carroll, 1963
Carroll, P.K.,
The structure of the Goldstein-Kaplan bands of N2,
Proc. R. Soc. London A, 1963, 272, 270. [all data]
Ledbetter, 1977
Ledbetter, J.W., Jr.,
A new band of N2 and identification of the lower vibronic level of the C', v=1 and the C, v=5 3Πu state interaction,
J. Chem. Phys., 1977, 67, 3400. [all data]
Borst, 1972
Borst, W.L.,
Excitation of several important metastable states of N2 by electron impact,
Phys. Rev. A: Gen. Phys., 1972, 5, 648. [all data]
Borst and Zipf, 1971
Borst, W.L.; Zipf, E.C.,
Lifetimes of metastable CO and N2 molecules,
Phys. Rev. A: Gen. Phys., 1971, 3, 979. [all data]
Carroll and Mulliken, 1965
Carroll, P.K.; Mulliken, R.S.,
3Π Levels and predissociations of N2 near the 12.135-eV dissociation limit,
J. Chem. Phys., 1965, 43, 2170. [all data]
Budo, 1935
Budo, A.,
Uber die Triplett-Bandentermformel fur den allgemeinen intermediaren fall und anwendung derselben auf die B3Π-, C3Π-terme des N2-molekuls,
Z. Phys., 1935, 96, 219. [all data]
Buttenbender and Herzberg, 1935
Buttenbender, G.; Herzberg, G.,
Uber die struktur der zweiten positiven stickstoffgruppe und die pradissoziation des N2-molekuls,
Ann. Phys. (Neue Folge), 1935, 21, 577. [all data]
Hori and Endo, 1941
Hori, T.; Endo, Y.,
Uber die pradissoziation in der zweiten positiven stickstoffgruppe,
Proc. Phys. Math. Soc. Jpn., 1941, 23, 834. [all data]
Frackowiak, 1964
Frackowiak, M.,
Predissociation in C3Πu state of 15N2,
Bull. Acad. Pol. Sci., Ser. Sci. Math. Astron. Phys., 1964, 12, 361. [all data]
Gero, 1935
Gero, L.,
Zur deutung der storungen in den zweiten positiven stickstoffbanden,
Z. Phys., 1935, 96, 669. [all data]
Coster and Brons, 1935
Coster, D.; Brons, F.,
Zur deutung der storungen in den zweiten positiven stickstoffbanden,
Z. Phys., 1935, 97, 570. [all data]
Johnson and Fowler, 1970
Johnson, A.W.; Fowler, R.G.,
Measured lifetimes of rotational and vibrational levels of electronic states of N2,
J. Chem. Phys., 1970, 53, 65. [all data]
Imhof and Read, 1971
Imhof, R.E.; Read, F.H.,
Measured lifetimes of the C3Πu state of N2 and the a3Σg+ state of H2,
J. Phys. B:, 1971, 4, 1063. [all data]
Dotchin and Chupp, 1973
Dotchin, L.W.; Chupp, E.L.,
Radiative lifetimes and pressure dependence of the relaxation rates of some vibronic levels in N2+, N2, CO+, and CO,
J. Chem. Phys., 1973, 59, 3960. [all data]
Chen and Anderson, 1975
Chen, S.T.; Anderson, R.J.,
Excitation of the C3Πu state of N2 by electron impact,
J. Chem. Phys., 1975, 63, 1250. [all data]
Osherovich and Gorshkov, 1976
Osherovich, A.L.; Gorshkov, V.N.,
Measurement of the radiation lifetimes of the C3Πu excited state of the N2 molecule and the B2Σu+ excited state of the N2+ molecule by the phase-shift and delayed-coincidences methods,
Opt. Spectrosc. Engl. Transl., 1976, 41, 92, In original 158. [all data]
Nicholls, 1963
Nicholls, R.W.,
Einstein A coefficients, oscillator strengths and absolute band strengths for the N2 second positive and N2+ first negative systems,
J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 1963, 25, 218. [all data]
Reis, 1964
Reis, V.H.,
Oscillator strengths for the N2 second positive and N2+ first negative systems from observations of shock layers about hypersonic projectiles,
J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 1964, 4, 783. [all data]
Parks, Rao, et al., 1968
Parks, J.H.; Rao, D.R.; Javan, A.,
A high-resolution study of the C3Πu → B3Πg (O,O) stimulated transitions in N2,
Appl. Phys. Lett., 1968, 13, 142. [all data]
Kasuya and Lide, 1967
Kasuya, T.; Lide, D.R., Jr.,
Measurements on the molecular nitrogen pulsed laser,
Appl. Opt., 1967, 6, 69. [all data]
Bleekrode, 1968
Bleekrode, R.,
Contribution to the study of "abnormal" rotational energy distributions in the C3Πu-B3Πg bands of 14N2,
J. Chem. Phys., 1968, 49, 951. [all data]
Fishburne, Lazdinis, et al., 1967
Fishburne, E.S.; Lazdinis, S.S.; Seibert, G.L.,
The N2 second positive system excited by impact with a metastable argon atom,
J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1967, 23, 100. [all data]
Shvangiradze, Oganezov, et al., 1960
Shvangiradze, R.R.; Oganezov, K.A.; Chikhladze, B.Ya.,
Isotopic band shifts in the electronic-vibrational spectra of some diatomic molecules,
Opt. Spectrosc. Engl. Transl., 1960, 8, 239. [all data]
Zare, Larsson, et al., 1965
Zare, R.N.; Larsson, E.O.; Berg, R.A.,
Franck-Condon factors for electronic band systems of molecular nitrogen,
J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1965, 15, 117. [all data]
Benesch, Vanderslice, et al., 1966
Benesch, W.; Vanderslice, J.T.; Tilford, S.G.; Wilkinson, P.G.,
Franck-Condon factors for permitted transitions in N2,
Astrophys. J., 1966, 144, 408. [all data]
Shumaker, 1969
Shumaker, J.B., Jr.,
Franck-Condon factors for high rotational levels of nitrogen,
J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 1969, 9, 153. [all data]
Tyte, 1962
Tyte, D.C.,
The effect of helium on the intensity of the second positive system of nitrogen,
Proc. Phys. Soc. London, 1962, 80, 1354. [all data]
Shemansky and Broadfoot, 1971
Shemansky, D.E.; Broadfoot, A.L.,
Excitation of N2 and N2+ systems by electrons. I. Absolute transition probabilities,
J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 1971, 11, 1385. [all data]
Jain, 1972
Jain, D.C.,
Transition moment variation in the first and second positive band systems of N2,
J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 1972, 12, 759. [all data]
Benesch, Vanderslice, et al., 1966, 2
Benesch, W.; Vanderslice, J.T.; Tilford, S.G.; Wilkinson, P.G.,
Franck-Condon factors for observed transitions in N2 above 6 EV,
Astrophys. J., 1966, 143, 236. [all data]
Carroll, 1962
Carroll, P.K.,
Note on the 5Σg+ state of N2,
J. Chem. Phys., 1962, 37, 805. [all data]
Oldenberg, 1957
Oldenberg, O.,
The 5Σ level of the nitrogen molecule
in The Threshold of Space [The Proceedings of the Conference on Chemical Aeronomy, Zelikoff, ed(s)., Pergamon Press, Publications Division, New York, 1957, 180-185. [all data]
Mulliken, 1962
Mulliken, R.S.,
Low-energy 5Σg+ states of the nitrogen molecule,
J. Chem. Phys., 1962, 37, 809. [all data]
Bayes and Kistiakowsky, 1960
Bayes, K.D.; Kistiakowsky, G.B.,
On the mechanism of the Lewis-Rayleigh nitrogen afterglow,
J. Chem. Phys., 1960, 32, 992. [all data]
Krauss and Neumann, 1976
Krauss, M.; Neumann, D.B.,
The 5Σg+ states of N2,
Mol. Phys., 1976, 32, 101. [all data]
Lofthus and Mulliken, 1957
Lofthus, A.; Mulliken, R.S.,
Emission band spectra of nitrogen. Kaplan's first and second systems,
J. Chem. Phys., 1957, 26, 1010. [all data]
Tilford, Vanderslice, et al., 1979
Tilford; Vanderslice; Tanaka,
Unpublished, quoted by Lofthus and Krupenie, 1977, cited in Huber and Herzberg, 1979, 1979, 425. [all data]
Tilford and Benesch, 1976
Tilford, S.G.; Benesch, W.M.,
Absorption oscillator strengths for the a'1Σu--X1Σg+ and w1Δu-X1Σg+ transitions of molecular nitrogen,
J. Chem. Phys., 1976, 64, 3370. [all data]
Roncin, Damany, et al., 1967
Roncin, J.-Y.; Damany, N.; Romand, J.,
Far ultraviolet absorption spectra of atoms and molecules trapped in rare gas matrices at low temperature,
J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1967, 22, 154. [all data]
Vanderslice, Tilford, et al., 1965
Vanderslice, J.T.; Tilford, S.G.; Wilkinson, P.G.,
The high-resolution absorption spectrum of nitrogen from 1060 to 1520 Å. I. The a1Πg ← X1Σg+ system,
Astrophys. J., 1965, 141, 395. [all data]
Douglas and Herzberg, 1951
Douglas, A.E.; Herzberg, G.,
Predissociation and dissociation of the N2 molecule,
Can. J. Phys., 1951, 29, 294. [all data]
Freund, 1972
Freund, R.S.,
Radiative lifetime of N2(a1Πg) and the formation of metastable N2(a'1Σu-),
J. Chem. Phys., 1972, 56, 4344. [all data]
Ching, Cook, et al., 1967
Ching, B.K.; Cook, G.R.; Becker, R.A.,
Oscillator strengths of the a, w, and C bands of N2,
J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 1967, 7, 323. [all data]
Pilling, Bass, et al., 1971
Pilling, M.J.; Bass, A.M.; Braun, W.,
A curve of growth determination of the f-values for the fourth positive system of CO and the Lyman-Birge-Hopfield system of N2,
J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 1971, 11, 1593. [all data]
Wilkinson and Mulliken, 1957
Wilkinson, P.G.; Mulliken, R.S.,
An electric quadrupole electronic band system in molecular nitrogen,
Astrophys. J., 1957, 126, 10. [all data]
Vanderslice, Wilkinson, et al., 1965
Vanderslice, J.T.; Wilkinson, P.G.; Tilford, S.G.,
Magnetic-dipole and electric-quadrupole transition moments for the a1Πg ← X1Σg+ transition in N2,
J. Chem. Phys., 1965, 42, 2681. [all data]
McEwen and Nicholls, 1966
McEwen, D.J.; Nicholls, R.W.,
Intensity distribution of the Lyman-Birge-Hopfield band system of N2,
Nature (London), 1966, 209, 902. [all data]
Lassettre, Meyer, et al., 1965
Lassettre, E.N.; Meyer, V.D.; Longmire, M.S.,
Relative intensities of Lyman-Birge-Hopfield bands in electron impact spectrum of nitrogen,
J. Chem. Phys., 1965, 42, 807. [all data]
Tilford, Wilkinson, et al., 1965
Tilford, S.G.; Wilkinson, P.G.; Vanderslice, J.T.,
The high-resolution absorption spectrum of nitrogen from 1060 to 1520 Å. II. The a'1Σu- ← X1Σg+ system,
Astrophys. J., 1965, 141, 427. [all data]
Tilford, Vanderslice, et al., 1965
Tilford, S.G.; Vanderslice, J.T.; Wilkinson, P.G.,
The high resolution absorption spectrum of nitrogen from 1060 to 1520 Å. III. The B'3Σu- ← X1Σg+ system,
Astrophys. J., 1965, 141, 1226. [all data]
Kovacs, 1970
Kovacs, I.,
On an intercombination transition of the N2 molecule,
Opt. Spectrosc. Engl. Transl., 1970, 28, 239, In original 444. [all data]
Saum and Benesch, 1970, 2
Saum, K.A.; Benesch, W.M.,
W3Δu-X1Σg+ system of N2,
Phys. Rev. A: Gen. Phys., 1970, 2, 1655. [all data]
Bullock and Hause, 1971
Bullock, L.E.; Hause, C.D.,
Molecular constants of the B3Π and A3Σ states of N2,
J. Mol. Spectrosc., 1971, 39, 519. [all data]
Artym, 1966
Artym, R.I.,
Formula for the vibrational transitions of the triplet states B3Πg - A3u+ of nitrogen,
Opt. Spectrosc. Engl. Transl., 1966, 2, 2, In original 4. [all data]
Van Der Ziel, 1934
Van Der Ziel, A.,
Predissociation in the first positive group of N2 and its bearing on the electronic level diagram of the nitrogen molecule,
Physica (The Hague), 1934, 1, 353. [all data]
Polak, Slovetskii, et al., 1972
Polak, L.S.; Slovetskii, D.I.; Sokolov, A.S.,
Predissociation and quenching probabilities for the vibrational levels of the B3Πg state of molecular nitrogen,
Opt. Spectrosc. Engl. Transl., 1972, 32, 247, In original 472. [all data]
Becker, Fink, et al., 1972
Becker, K.H.; Fink, E.H.; Groth, W.; Jud, W.; Kley, D.,
N2 formation in the Lewis-Rayleigh afterglow,
Faraday Discuss. Chem. Soc., 1972, 53, 35. [all data]
Ung, 1976
Ung, A.Y.-M.,
Observations of the high vibrational levels of N2(B3Πg) in the Lewis-Rayleigh afterglow of nitrogen,
J. Chem. Phys., 1976, 65, 2987. [all data]
Chen and Anderson, 1975, 2
Chen, S.T.; Anderson, R.J.,
Excitation of the B3Πg states of N2 by electron impact,
Phys. Rev. A: Gen. Phys., 1975, 12, 468. [all data]
Jeunehomme, 1966
Jeunehomme, M.,
Transition moment of the first positive band system of nitrogen,
J. Chem. Phys., 1966, 45, 1805. [all data]
Wurster, 1962
Wurster, W.H.,
Measured transition probability for the first-positive band system of nitrogen,
J. Chem. Phys., 1962, 36, 2111. [all data]
Dronov, Sobolev, et al., 1966
Dronov, A.P.; Sobolev, N.N.; Faizullov, F.S.,
Determination of the electronic transition strength for the first positive band system of nitrogen. II,
Opt. Spectrosc. Engl. Transl., 1966, 21, 301, In original 538. [all data]
Cunio and Jansson, 1968
Cunio, B.E.; Jansson, R.E.W.,
The electronic transition moment of the N2 first positive system (N2 1PG),
J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 1968, 8, 1763. [all data]
Kupriyanova, Kolesnikov, et al., 1969
Kupriyanova, E.B.; Kolesnikov, V.N.; Sobolev, N.N.,
Electronic band strengths of the first positive system of N2 and of the Mainel system of N2+-II,
J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 1969, 9, 1025. [all data]
Miller, 1970, 2
Miller, R.E.,
Rotational line intensities in 3Σ+-1Σ+ electronic transitions,
Phys. Rev. A: Gen. Phys., 1970, 1, 590. [all data]
Freund, Miller, et al., 1970
Freund, R.S.; Miller, T.A.; de Santis, D.; Lurio, A.,
Radio-frequency spectrum of metastable N2(A 3Σu+). I. Magnetic hyperfine and electric quadrupole constants,
J. Chem. Phys., 1970, 53, 6, 2290-2303. [all data]
de Santis, Lurio, et al., 1973
de Santis, D.; Lurio, A.; Miller, T.A.; Freund, R.S.,
Radio-frequency spectrum of metastable N2(A3Σu+). II. Fine structure, magnetic hyperfine structure, and electric quadrupole constants in the lowest 13 vibrational levels,
J. Chem. Phys., 1973, 58, 4625. [all data]
Shemansky, 1969
Shemansky, D.E.,
N2 Vegard-Kaplan system in absorption,
J. Chem. Phys., 1969, 51, 689. [all data]
Shemansky and Carleton, 1969
Shemansky, D.E.; Carleton, N.P.,
Lifetime of the N2 Vegard-Kaplan system,
J. Chem. Phys., 1969, 51, 682. [all data]
Meyer, Klosterboer, et al., 1971
Meyer, J.A.; Klosterboer, D.H.; Setser, D.W.,
Energy transfer reactions of N2(A3Σu+). IV. Measurement of the radiative lifetime and study of the interaction with olefins and other molecules,
J. Chem. Phys., 1971, 55, 2084. [all data]
Chandraiah and Shepherd, 1968
Chandraiah, G.; Shepherd, G.G.,
Intensity measurements in emission of 18 Vegard-Kaplan bands of N2,
Can. J. Phys., 1968, 46, 221. [all data]
Broadfoot and Maran, 1969
Broadfoot, A.L.; Maran, S.P.,
Electronic transition moment for the N2 Vegard-Kaplan bands,
J. Chem. Phys., 1969, 51, 678. [all data]
Butcher and Jones, 1974
Butcher, R.J.; Jones, W.J.,
Study of the rotational Raman spectra of 14N15N and 15N2, using a Fabry-Perot etalon,
J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 2, 1974, 70, 560. [all data]
Chan, Baker, et al., 1964
Chan, S.I.; Baker, M.R.; Ramsey, N.F.,
Molecular-beam magnetic-resonance studies of the nitrogen molecule,
Phys. Rev., 1964, 136, 1224. [all data]
Dunning, Cartwright, et al., 1976
Dunning, T.H., Jr.; Cartwright, D.C.; Hunt, W.J.; Hay, P.J.; Bobrowicz, F.W.,
Generalized valence bond calculations on the ground state (X1Σg+) of nitrogen,
J. Chem. Phys., 1976, 64, 4755. [all data]
van der Wiel, El-Sherbini, et al., 1970
van der Wiel, M.J.; El-Sherbini, Th.M.; Brion, C.E.,
K shell excitation of nitrogen and carbon monoxide by electron impact,
Chem. Phys. Lett., 1970, 7, 161. [all data]
Carlson, Moddeman, et al., 1970
Carlson, T.A.; Moddeman, W.E.; Pullen, B.P.; Krause, M.O.,
Identification of high energy lines in the K-LL Auger spectrum of N2,
Chem. Phys. Lett., 1970, 5, 390. [all data]
Lindholm, 1969
Lindholm, E.,
Rydberg series in small molecules. III. Rydberg series in N2,
Ark. Fys., 1969, 40, 111. [all data]
Carroll, 1973
Carroll, P.K.,
Band structures in N2 Rydberg complexes,
J. Chem. Phys., 1973, 58, 3597. [all data]
Cartwright and Dunning, 1974
Cartwright, D.C.; Dunning, T.H., Jr.,
Vibrational matrix elements of the quadrupole moment of N2(X1Σg+),
J. Phys. B:, 1974, 7, 1776. [all data]
Ketelaar and Rettschnick, 1963
Ketelaar, J.A.A.; Rettschnick, R.P.H.,
The quadrupole moment of nitrogen deduced from the pressure-induced rotational spectrum of nitrogen,
Mol. Phys., 1963, 7, 191. [all data]
Buckingham, Disch, et al., 1968
Buckingham, A.D.; Disch, R.L.; Dunmur, D.A.,
The quadrupole moments of some simple molecules,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1968, 90, 3104. [all data]
Huber and Herzberg, 1979
Huber, K.P.; Herzberg, G.,
Molecular Spectra and Molecular Structure. IV. Constants of Diatomic Molecules, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, 1979, 716. [all data]
Notes
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