1-Propene, 2-methyl-

• Formula: C₄H₈
• Molecular weight: 56.1063
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C4H8/c1-4(2)3/h1H2,2-3H3 Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 115-11-7
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
  The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
• Other names: Propene, 2-methyl-; γ-Butylene; Isobutene; Isobutylene; Isopropylidenemethylene; 1,1-Dimethylethylene; 2-Methyl-1-propene; 2-Methylpropene; iso-C4H8; Methylpropene; UN 1055; 1,1-Dimethylethene; 2-Methylpropylene
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• Information on this page:
  • Reaction thermochemistry data
  • Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels
  • References
  • Notes
• Other data available:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Condensed phase thermochemistry data
  • Phase change data
  • Henry's Law data
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • Ion clustering data
  • IR Spectrum
  • Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
  • UV/Visible spectrum
  • Gas Chromatography
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Reaction thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
RCD - Robert C. Dunbar

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

C₄H₇^- +  =

By formula: C₄H₇^- + H⁺ = C₄H₈

 +  = ( • )

By formula: H₄N⁺ + C₄H₈ = (H₄N⁺ • C₄H₈)

=  + 

By formula: C₄H₉Cl = C₄H₈ + HCl

 +  =

By formula: C₄H₈ + C₂H₆O = C₆H₁₄O

C₃H₉Si⁺ +  = (C₃H₉Si⁺ • )

By formula: C₃H₉Si⁺ + C₄H₈ = (C₃H₉Si⁺ • C₄H₈)

 +  =

By formula: C₄H₈ + H₂ = C₄H₁₀

=  + 

By formula: C₄H₉I = HI + C₄H₈

 +  =

By formula: C₄H₈ + C₃H₈O = C₇H₁₆O

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Li⁺ + C₄H₈ = (Li⁺ • C₄H₈)

 +  =

By formula: C₄H₈ + HCl = C₄H₉Cl

 +  =

By formula: C₄H₈ + H₂O = C₄H₁₀O

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Na⁺ + C₄H₈ = (Na⁺ • C₄H₈)

Free energy of reaction

(CAS Reg. No. 38130-30-2 • 4294967295) +  = CAS Reg. No. 38130-30-2

By formula: (CAS Reg. No. 38130-30-2 • 4294967295C₄H₈) + C₄H₈ = CAS Reg. No. 38130-30-2

( • 4294967295) +  =

By formula: (C₄H₉ • 4294967295C₄H₈) + C₄H₈ = C₄H₉

=  + 

By formula: C₅H₁₂O = C₄H₈ + CH₄O

=  + 

By formula: C₄H₈Br₂ = C₄H₈ + Br₂

 +  =

By formula: C₄H₈ + C₄H₁₀O = C₈H₁₈O

 +  =

By formula: C₄H₈ + C₄H₁₀O = C₈H₁₈O

 +  =

By formula: C₄H₈ + C₄H₁₀O = C₈H₁₈O

=  + 

By formula: C₆H₁₄O = C₄H₈ + C₂H₆O

=  + 

By formula: C₄H₉Br = C₄H₈ + HCl

 +  =

By formula: HBr + C₄H₈ = C₄H₉Br

 +  =

By formula: C₄H₈ + CH₄O = C₅H₁₂O

=  + 

By formula: C₄H₁₀O = C₄H₈ + H₂O

 +  =

By formula: C₇H₈O + C₄H₈ = C₁₁H₁₆O

=  + 

By formula: C₁₀H₁₄O = C₆H₆O + C₄H₈

Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Takehiko Shimanouchi

Symmetry:   C_2ν     Symmetry Number σ = 2

Source: Shimanouchi, 1972

Notes

References

Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Wenthold, Hu, et al., 1999
Wenthold, P.G.; Hu, J.; Squires, R.R.; Lineberger, W.C., Photoelectron spectroscopy of the trimethylenemethane negative ion, J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 1999, 10, 9, 800-809, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1044-0305(99)00043-4 . [all data]

Wenthold, Polak, et al., 1996
Wenthold, P.G.; Polak, M.L.; Lineberger, W.C., Photoelectron Spectroscopy of the Allyl and 2-Methylallyl Anions, J. Phys. Chem., 1996, 100, 17, 6920, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp953401n . [all data]

Bartmess and Burnham, 1984
Bartmess, J.E.; Burnham, R., Effect of central substituents on the gas phase acidities of propenes, J. Org. Chem., 1984, 49, 1382. [all data]

Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sieck, 1991
Meot-Ner (Mautner), M.; Sieck, L.W., Proton affinity ladders from variable-temperature equilibrium measurements. 1. A reevaluation of the upper proton affinity range, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1991, 113, 12, 4448, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00012a012 . [all data]

Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sieck, 1990
Meot-Ner (Mautner), M.; Sieck, L.W., Ion Thermochemistry at High Temperatures. 1. Thermochemistry of the Ammonium Ion from Variable - Temperature Equilibrium Measurements. Proton Transfer, Association, and Decomposition Reactions in Ammonia, Isobutene, and t-Butylamine, J. Phys. Chem., 1990, 94, 19, 7730, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100382a076 . [all data]

Howlett, 1955
Howlett, K.E., The use of equilibrium constants to calculate thermodynamic quantities. Part II, J. Chem. Soc., 1955, 1784-17. [all data]

Howlett, 1951
Howlett, K.E., The use of equilibrium constants to calculate thermodynamic quantities. Part I. Equilibria in the system tert.-butyl chloride, isobutene, hydrogen chloride, J. Chem. Soc., 1951, 1409-1412. [all data]

Kistiakowsky and Stauffer, 1937
Kistiakowsky, G.B.; Stauffer, C.H., The kinetics of gaseous addition of halogen acids to isobutene, 1937, 165-170. [all data]

Sola, Pericas, et al., 1995
Sola, L.; Pericas, M.A.; Cunill, F.; Tejero, J., Thermodynamic and kinetic studies of the liquid phase synthesis of tert-butyl ethyl ether using a reaction calorimeter, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 1995, 34, 3718-3725. [all data]

Iborra, Izquierdo, et al., 1989
Iborra, M.; Izquierdo, J.F.; Tejero, J.; Cunill, F., Equilibrium constant for ethyl tert-butyl ether vapor-phase synthesis, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1989, 34, 1-5. [all data]

Li and Stone, 1989
Li, X.; Stone, J.A., Determination of the beta silicon effect from a mass spectrometric study of the association of trimethylsilylium ion with alkenes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1989, 111, 15, 5586, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00197a013 . [all data]

Kistiakowsky, Ruhoff, et al., 1935
Kistiakowsky, G.B.; Ruhoff, J.R.; Smith, H.A.; Vaughan, W.E., Heats of organic reactions. II. Hydrogenation of some simpler olefinic hydrocarbons, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1935, 57, 876-882. [all data]

Cox and Pilcher, 1970
Cox, J.D.; Pilcher, G., Thermochemistry of Organic and Organometallic Compounds, Academic Press, New York, 1970, 1-636. [all data]

Benson and Amano, 1962
Benson, S.W.; Amano, A., Thermodynamic properties of tertiary iodides, J. Chem. Phys., 1962, 37, 197-198. [all data]

Jones and Ogg, 1937
Jones, J.L.; Ogg, R.A., Jr., The equilibrium (CH₃)₃CI = (CH₃)₂C = CH₂ + HI, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1937, 59, 1943-1945. [all data]

Calderon, Tejero, et al., 1997
Calderon, A.; Tejero, J.; Izuierdo, J.F.; Iborra, M.; Cunill, F., Equilibrium Constants for the liquid-phase synthesis of isopropyl tert-butyl ether from 2-propanol and isobutene, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 1997, 36, 896-902. [all data]

Sola, Pericas, et al., 1997
Sola, L.; Pericas, M.A.; Cunill, F.; Izquierdo, J.F., A comparative thermodynamic and kinetic study of the reaction between olefins and light alcohols leading to branced ethers. Reaction calorimetry study of the formation of tert-amyl methyl ether (TAME) and tert-butyl isopropyl ether (IPTBE), Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 1997, 36, 2012-2018. [all data]

Staley and Beauchamp, 1975
Staley, R.H.; Beauchamp, J.L., Intrinsic Acid - Base Properties of Molecules. Binding Energies of Li+ to pi - and n - Donor Bases, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1975, 97, 20, 5920, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00853a050 . [all data]

Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970
Dzidic, I.; Kebarle, P., Hydration of the Alkali Ions in the Gas Phase. Enthalpies and Entropies of Reactions M+(H2O)n-1 + H2O = M+(H2O)n, J. Phys. Chem., 1970, 74, 7, 1466, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100702a013 . [all data]

Arnett and Pienta, 1980
Arnett, E.M.; Pienta, N.J., Stabilities of carbonium ions in solution. 12. Heats of formation of alkyl chlorides as an entree to heats of solvation of aliphatic carbonium ions, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1980, 102, 3329-3334. [all data]

Eberz and Lucas, 1934
Eberz, W.F.; Lucas, H.J., The hydration of unsaturated compounds. II. The equilibrium between i-butene and t-butanol and the free energy of hydration of i-butene, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1934, 56, 1230-1234. [all data]

McMahon and Ohanessian, 2000
McMahon, T.B.; Ohanessian, G., An Experimental and Ab Initio Study of the Nature of the Binding in Gas-Phase Complexes of Sodium Ions, Chem. Eur. J., 2000, 6, 16, 2931, https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-3765(20000818)6:16<2931::AID-CHEM2931>3.0.CO;2-7 . [all data]

DePuy, Gronert, et al., 1989
DePuy, C.H.; Gronert, S.; Barlow, S.E.; Bierbaum, V.M.; Damrauer, R., The Gas Phase Acidities of the Alkanes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1989, 111, 6, 1968, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00188a003 . [all data]

Arntz and Gottlieb, 1985
Arntz, H.; Gottlieb, K., High-pressure heat-flow calorimeter determination of the enthalpy of reaction for the synthesis of methyl t-butyl ether from methanol and 2-methylpropene, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1985, 17, 967-972. [all data]

Sunner and Wulff, 1974
Sunner, S.; Wulff, C.A., The enthalpy of formation of 1,1-dibromo-2-methylpropane, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1974, 6, 287-292. [all data]

Sharonov, Mishentseva, et al., 1991
Sharonov, K.G.; Mishentseva, Y.B.; Rozhnov, A.M.; Miroshnichenko, E.A.; Korchatova, L.I., Molar enthalpies of formation and vaporizqation of t-butoxybutanes and thermodynamics of their synthesis from a butanol and 2-methylpropene I. Equilibria of synthesis reactions of t-butoxybutanes in the liquid phase, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1991, 23, 141-145. [all data]

Sharonov, Rozhnov, et al., 1995
Sharonov, K.G.; Rozhnov, A.M.; Korol'kov, A.V.; Karaseva, S.Y., Enthalpies of formation of 2-methyl-2-ethoxypropane and 2-ethyl-2-ethoxypropane from equilibrium measurements, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1995, 27, 751-753. [all data]

Howlett, 1957
Howlett, K.E., The use of equilibrium constants to calculate thermodynamic quantities. Part III. Equilibria in the system tert.-butyl bromideisobutene-hydrogen bromide, J. Chem. Soc., 1957, 2834-2836. [all data]

Sol, Perics, et al., 1994
Sol, L.; Perics, M.A.; Cunill, F.; Iborra, M., Reaction calorimetry study of the liquid-phase synthesis of tert-butyl methyl ether, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 1994, 33, 2578-2583. [all data]

Taft and Riesz, 1955
Taft, R.W., Jr.; Riesz, P., Thermodynamic properties for the system isobutene-t-butyl alcohol, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1955, 77, 902-904. [all data]

Verevkin, Nesterova, et al., 1984
Verevkin, S.P.; Nesterova, T.N.; Rozhnov, A.M., The equilibrium in the dealkylation of o-t-butyl-p-cresol, Russ. J. Phys. Chem. (Engl. Transl.), 1984, 58, 284. [all data]

Verevkin, 1982
Verevkin, S.P., Study of equilibrium of tert-butylphenol dealkylation in the gas phase, Termodin. Organ. Soedin., 1982, 67-70. [all data]

Shimanouchi, 1972
Shimanouchi, T., Tables of Molecular Vibrational Frequencies Consolidated Volume I, National Bureau of Standards, 1972, 1-160. [all data]

Notes

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• Symbols used in this document:
  

  T	Temperature
  ΔrG°	Free energy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔrH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔrS°	Entropy of reaction at standard conditions

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