Benzene, chloro-

• Formula: C₆H₅Cl
• Molecular weight: 112.557
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C6H5Cl/c7-6-4-2-1-3-5-6/h1-5H Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 108-90-7
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
  View 3d structure (requires JavaScript / HTML 5)
• Other names: Chlorobenzene; Monochlorobenzene; MCB; Phenyl Chloride; Benzene chloride; Chlorbenzene; Chlorobenzol; Monochlorbenzene; Chloorbenzeen; Chlorbenzol; Chlorobenzen; Chlorobenzene, mono-; Clorobenzene; Monochloorbenzeen; Monochlorbenzol; Monoclorobenzene; NCI-C54886; Chlorobenzenu; UN 1134; Abluton T30; CP 27; IP Carrier T 40; NSC 8433; Tetrosin SP
• Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
• Information on this page:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Phase change data
  • Reaction thermochemistry data
  • References
  • Notes
• Other data available:
  • Condensed phase thermochemistry data
  • Henry's Law data
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • Ion clustering data
  • IR Spectrum
  • Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
  • UV/Visible spectrum
  • Gas Chromatography
• Data at other public NIST sites:
  • Gas Phase Kinetics Database
  • X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Database, version 5.0
• Options:
  • Switch to calorie-based units

Data at NIST subscription sites:

• NIST / TRC Web Thermo Tables, professional edition (thermophysical and thermochemical data)

NIST subscription sites provide data under the NIST Standard Reference Data Program, but require an annual fee to access. The purpose of the fee is to recover costs associated with the development of data collections included in such sites. Your institution may already be a subscriber. Follow the links above to find out more about the data in these sites and their terms of usage.

Gas phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Phase change data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Enthalpy of vaporization

Antoine Equation Parameters

log₁₀(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (bar)
    T = temperature (K)

View plot Requires a JavaScript / HTML 5 canvas capable browser.

Enthalpy of fusion

Entropy of fusion

Reaction thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Cl^- + C₆H₅Cl = (Cl^- • C₆H₅Cl)

Free energy of reaction

C₆H₄Cl^- +  =

By formula: C₆H₄Cl^- + H⁺ = C₆H₅Cl

C₆H₄Cl^- +  =

By formula: C₆H₄Cl^- + H⁺ = C₆H₅Cl

C₆H₄Cl^- +  =

By formula: C₆H₄Cl^- + H⁺ = C₆H₅Cl

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Br^- + C₆H₅Cl = (Br^- • C₆H₅Cl)

Free energy of reaction

C₆H₇N⁺ +  = (C₆H₇N⁺ • )

By formula: C₆H₇N⁺ + C₆H₅Cl = (C₆H₇N⁺ • C₆H₅Cl)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Free energy of reaction

C₉H₁₂⁺ +  = (C₉H₁₂⁺ • )

By formula: C₉H₁₂⁺ + C₆H₅Cl = (C₉H₁₂⁺ • C₆H₅Cl)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Free energy of reaction

 +  = ( • )

By formula: NO^- + C₆H₅Cl = (NO^- • C₆H₅Cl)

 +  =  + 

By formula: C₆H₅Cl + C₁₂H₁₇Cl = C₉H₁₁Cl + C₉H₁₁Cl

 +  =  + 

By formula: C₆H₅Cl + C₁₄H₂₁Cl = C₁₀H₁₃Cl + C₁₀H₁₃Cl

 +  =  + 

By formula: C₉H₁₁Cl + C₆H₆ = C₆H₅Cl + C₉H₁₂

 +  = 2

By formula: C₆H₅Cl + C₁₄H₂₁Cl = 2C₁₀H₁₃Cl

 +  =  + 

By formula: C₆H₆ + Cl₂ = C₆H₅Cl + HCl

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Platonov and Simulin, 1985
Platonov, V.A.; Simulin, Yu.N., Determination of the standard enthalpies of formation of polychlorobenzenes. III. The standard enthalpies of formation of mono-1,2,4- and 1,3,5-tri-, and 1,2,3,4- and 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzenes, Russ. J. Phys. Chem. (Engl. Transl.), 1985, 59, 179-181. [all data]

Stull, 1937
Stull, D.R., A Semi-micro Calorimeter for Measuring Heat Capacities at Low Temp., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1937, 59, 2726. [all data]

Young, 1910
Young, S., The Internal Heat of Vaporization constants of thirty pure substances, Sci. Proc. R. Dublin Soc., 1910, 12, 374. [all data]

Livingston, Morgan, et al., 1908
Livingston, J.; Morgan, R.; Higgins, E., The Weight of Falling Drops and Tate's Laws. Determination of Molecular Weights and Critical Temp. of Liquids Using Drop Weights: II., Z. Phys. Chem., Stoechiom. Verwandtschaftsl., 1908, 64, 170. [all data]

Altschul, 1893
Altschul, M., The critical values of some organic compounds, Z. Phys. Chem., Stoechiom. Verwandtschaftsl., 1893, 11, 577. [all data]

Majer and Svoboda, 1985
Majer, V.; Svoboda, V., Enthalpies of Vaporization of Organic Compounds: A Critical Review and Data Compilation, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1985, 300. [all data]

Liu and Dickhut, 1994
Liu, Kewen; Dickhut, Rebecca M., Saturation vapor pressures and thermodynamic properties of benzene and selected chlorinated benzenes at environmental temperatures, Chemosphere, 1994, 29, 3, 581-589, https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(94)90445-6 . [all data]

Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw, Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2 . [all data]

Brown, 1952
Brown, I., Aust. J. Sci. Res., Ser. A, 1952, 5, 530. [all data]

Boublik, Fried, et al., 1984
Boublik, T.; Fried, V.; Hala, E., The Vapour Pressures of Pure Substances: Selected Values of the Temperature Dependence of the Vapour Pressures of Some Pure Substances in the Normal and Low Pressure Region, 2nd ed., Elsevier, New York, 1984, 972. [all data]

Zibberman-Granovskaya, 1940
Zibberman-Granovskaya, A.A., Russ. J. Phys. Chem., 1940, 14, 759. [all data]

Brown, 1952, 2
Brown, I., Liquid-Vapour Equilibria. III. The Systems Benzene-n-Heptane, n-Hexane-Chlorobenzene, and cycloHexane-Nitrobenzene, Aust. J. Sci. Res. Ser. A:, 1952, 5, 530-540. [all data]

Domalski and Hearing, 1996
Domalski, Eugene S.; Hearing, Elizabeth D., Heat Capacities and Entropies of Organic Compounds in the Condensed Phase. Volume III, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1996, 25, 1, 1, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.555985 . [all data]

Stull, 1937, 2
Stull, D.R., A semi-micro calorimeter for measuring heat capacities at low temperatures, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1937, 59, 2726-2733. [all data]

Sieck, 1985
Sieck, L.W., Thermochemistry of Solvation of NO₂^- and C₆H₅NO₂^- by Polar Molecules in the Vapor Phase. Comparison with Cl^- and Variation with Ligand Structure., J. Phys. Chem., 1985, 89, 25, 5552, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100271a049 . [all data]

Larson and McMahon, 1984
Larson, J.W.; McMahon, T.B., Gas phase negative ion chemistry of alkylchloroformates, Can. J. Chem., 1984, 62, 675. [all data]

Paul and Kebarle, 1991
Paul, G.J.C.; Kebarle, P., Stabilities of Complexes of Br- with Substituted Benzenes (SB) Based on Determinations of the Gas-Phase Equilibria Br- + SB = (BrSB)-, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1991, 113, 4, 1148, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00004a014 . [all data]

French, Ikuta, et al., 1982
French, M.A.; Ikuta, S.; Kebarle, P., Hydrogen bonding of O-H and C-H hydrogen donors to Cl^-. Results from mass spectrometric measurement of the ion-molecule equilibria RH + Cl^- = RHCl^-, Can. J. Chem., 1982, 60, 1907. [all data]

Wenthold and Squires, 1995
Wenthold, P.G.; Squires, R.R., Determination of the gas-phase acidities of halogen-substituted aromatic compounds using the silane-cleavage method, J. Mass Spectrom., 1995, 30, 1, 17, https://doi.org/10.1002/jms.1190300105 . [all data]

Wenthold and Squires, 1994
Wenthold, P.G.; Squires, R.R., Gas-phase properties and reactivity of the acetate radical anion. Determination of the C-H bond strengths in acetic acid and acetate ion, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1994, 116, 26, 11890, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00105a032 . [all data]

Wenthold, Paulino, et al., 1991
Wenthold, P.G.; Paulino, J.A.; Squires, R.R., The Absolute Heats of Formation of ortho-Benzyne, meta-Benzyne, and para-Benzyne, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1991, 113, 19, 7414, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00019a044 . [all data]

Andrade and Riveros, 1996
Andrade, P.B.M.; Riveros, J.M., Relative Gas-phase Acidities of Fluoro- and Chlorobenzene, J. Mass Spectrom., 1996, 31, 7, 767, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9888(199607)31:7<767::AID-JMS345>3.0.CO;2-Q . [all data]

Bartmess and McIver Jr., 1979
Bartmess, J.E.; McIver Jr., The Gas Phase Acidity Scale in Gas Phase Ion Chemistry, Gas Phase Ion Chemistry, V. 2, M.T. Bowers, Ed., Academic Press, NY, 1979, Ch. 11, Elsevier, 1979. [all data]

Meot-Ner (Mautner) and El-Shall, 1986
Meot-Ner (Mautner), M.; El-Shall, M.S., Ionic Charge Transfer Complexes. 1. Cationic Complexes with Delocalized and Partially Localized pi Systems, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1986, 108, 15, 4386, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00275a026 . [all data]

Meot-Ner (Mautner), Hamlet, et al., 1978
Meot-Ner (Mautner), M.; Hamlet, P.; Hunter, E.P.; Field, F.H., Bonding Energies in Association Ions of Aromatic Molecules. Correlations with Ionization Energies, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1978, 100, 17, 5466, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00485a034 . [all data]

Reents and Freiser, 1981
Reents, W.D.; Freiser, B.S., Gas-Phase Binding Energies and Spectroscopic Properties of NO+ Charge-Transfer Complexes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1981, 103, 2791. [all data]

Farid and McMahon, 1978
Farid, R.; McMahon, T.B., Gas-Phase Ion-Molecule Reactions of Alkyl Nitrites by Ion Cyclotron Resonance Spectroscopy, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1978, 27, 2, 163, https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7381(78)80037-0 . [all data]

Nesterova, Rozhnov, et al., 1985
Nesterova, T.N.; Rozhnov, A.M.; Malova, T.N.; Kovzel, E.N., Molar enthalpies of formation of isopropylchlorobenzenes derived from equilibrium measurements, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1985, 17, 649-656. [all data]

Kovzel, Nesterova, et al., 1981
Kovzel, E.N.; Nesterova, T.N.; Rozhnov, A.M.; Kartavtseva, T.A., Study of equilibrium in in the chlorobenzene-butylchlorobenzenes systems, Termodin. Organ. Soedin., 1981, 65-68. [all data]

Kirkbride, 1956
Kirkbride, F.W., The heats of chlorination of some hydrocarbons and their chloro-derivatives, J. Appl. Chem., 1956, 6, 11-21. [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, References

• Symbols used in this document:
  

  Pc	Critical pressure
  T	Temperature
  Tboil	Boiling point
  Tc	Critical temperature
  Tfus	Fusion (melting) point
  Ttriple	Triple point temperature
  ΔfH°gas	Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions
  ΔfusH	Enthalpy of fusion
  ΔfusS	Entropy of fusion
  ΔrG°	Free energy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔrH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔrS°	Entropy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔvapH	Enthalpy of vaporization
  ΔvapH°	Enthalpy of vaporization at standard conditions
  ρc	Critical density

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
• The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database.
• Customer support for NIST Standard Reference Data products.