o-Xylene

• Formula: C₈H₁₀
• Molecular weight: 106.1650
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C8H10/c1-7-5-3-4-6-8(7)2/h3-6H,1-2H3 Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 95-47-6
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
  The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
• Isotopologues:
  • 1,2-Di(methyl-d3)benzene-d4
• Other names: Benzene, 1,2-dimethyl-; o-Dimethylbenzene; o-Methyltoluene; o-Xylol; 1,2-Dimethylbenzene; 1,2-Xylene; 3,4-Xylene; ortho-Xylene; NSC 60920; 2-Methyltoluene; UN 1307; 1,2-dimethyl-benzene ( o-xylene)
• Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
• Information on this page:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Reaction thermochemistry data
  • IR Spectrum
  • Gas Chromatography
  • References
  • Notes
• Other data available:
  • Condensed phase thermochemistry data
  • Phase change data
  • Henry's Law data
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • Ion clustering data
  • Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
• Data at other public NIST sites:
  • Microwave spectra (on physics lab web site)
  • Gas Phase Kinetics Database
• Options:
  • Switch to calorie-based units

Data at NIST subscription sites:

• NIST / TRC Web Thermo Tables, "lite" edition (thermophysical and thermochemical data)
• NIST / TRC Web Thermo Tables, professional edition (thermophysical and thermochemical data)

NIST subscription sites provide data under the NIST Standard Reference Data Program, but require an annual fee to access. The purpose of the fee is to recover costs associated with the development of data collections included in such sites. Your institution may already be a subscriber. Follow the links above to find out more about the data in these sites and their terms of usage.

Gas phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
GT - Glushko Thermocenter, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

Reaction thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

C₃H₉Si⁺ +  = (C₃H₉Si⁺ • )

By formula: C₃H₉Si⁺ + C₈H₁₀ = (C₃H₉Si⁺ • C₈H₁₀)

Free energy of reaction

C₃H₉Sn⁺ +  = (C₃H₉Sn⁺ • )

By formula: C₃H₉Sn⁺ + C₈H₁₀ = (C₃H₉Sn⁺ • C₈H₁₀)

Free energy of reaction

3 +  =

By formula: 3H₂ + C₈H₁₀ = C₈H₁₆

IR Spectrum

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compiled by: Coblentz Society, Inc.

• LIQUID (NEAT); PERKIN-ELMER 521 (GRATING); DIGITIZED BY NIST FROM HARD COPY (FROM TWO SEGMENTS); 4 cm^-1 resolution
• VAPOR (0.5 MICROLITER AT 150 C); NICOLET FTIR; DIGITIZED BY NIST FROM HARD COPY (FROM TWO SEGMENTS); 4 CM^-1 cm^-1 resolution

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

• gas

Data compiled by: Pamela M. Chu, Franklin R. Guenther, George C. Rhoderick, and Walter J. Lafferty

• gas; IFS66V (Bruker); 3-Term B-H Apodization
  0.1250, 0.2410, 0.4820, 0.9640, 1.9290 cm^-1 resolution
• gas; IFS66V (Bruker); Boxcar Apodization
  0.1250, 0.2410, 0.4820, 0.9640, 1.9290 cm^-1 resolution
• gas; IFS66V (Bruker); Happ Genzel Apodization
  0.1250, 0.2410, 0.4820, 0.9640, 1.9290 cm^-1 resolution
• gas; IFS66V (Bruker); NB Strong Apodization
  0.1250, 0.2410, 0.4820, 0.9640, 1.9290 cm^-1 resolution
• gas; IFS66V (Bruker); Triangular Apodization
  0.1250, 0.2410, 0.4820, 0.9640, 1.9290 cm^-1 resolution

Gas Chromatography

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Kovats' RI, polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Kovats' RI, polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Normal alkane RI, polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Lee's RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Lee's RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, Gas Chromatography, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Prosen, Gilmont, et al., 1945
Prosen, E.J.; Gilmont, R.; Rossini, F.D., Heats of combustion of benzene, toluene, ethyl-benzene, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, n-propylbenzene, and styrene, J. Res. NBS, 1945, 34, 65-70. [all data]

Prosen, Johnson, et al., 1946
Prosen, E.J.; Johnson, W.H.; Rossini, F.D., Heats of combustion and formation at 25°C of the alkylbenzenes through C₁₀H₁₄, and of the higher normal monoalkylbenzenes, J. Res. NBS, 1946, 36, 455-461. [all data]

Pitzer K.S., 1943
Pitzer K.S., The thermodynamics and molecular structure of benzene and its methyl derivatives, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1943, 65, 803-829. [all data]

Draeger, 1985
Draeger, J.A., The methylbenzenes II. Fundamental vibrational shifts, statistical thermodynamic functions, and properties of formation, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1985, 17, 263-275. [all data]

Taylor W.J., 1946
Taylor W.J., Heats, equilibrium constants, and free energies of formation of the alkylbenzenes, J. Res. Nat. Bur. Stand., 1946, 37, 95-122. [all data]

Hastings S.H., 1957
Hastings S.H., Thermodynamic properties of selected methylbenzenes from 0 to 1000 K, J. Phys. Chem., 1957, 61, 730-735. [all data]

Chao J., 1984
Chao J., Chemical thermodynamic properties of toluene, o-, m- and p-xylenes, Thermochim. Acta, 1984, 72, 323-334. [all data]

Wojtyniak and Stone, 1986
Wojtyniak, A.C.M.; Stone, A.J., A High-Pressure Mass Spectrometric Study of the Bonding of Trimethylsilylium to Oxygen and Aromatic Bases, Can. J. Chem., 1986, 74, 59. [all data]

Stone and Splinter, 1984
Stone, J.A.; Splinter, D.E., A high-pressure mass spectrometric study of the binding of (CH₃)₃Sn⁺ to lewis bases in the gas phase, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes, 1984, 59, 169. [all data]

Dolliver, Gresham, et al., 1937
Dolliver, M.a.; Gresham, T.L.; Kistiakowsky, G.B.; Vaughan, W.E., Heats of organic reactions. V. Heats of hydrogenation of various hydrocarbons, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1937, 59, 831-841. [all data]

Cox and Pilcher, 1970
Cox, J.D.; Pilcher, G., Thermochemistry of Organic and Organometallic Compounds, Academic Press, New York, 1970, 1-636. [all data]

Wang, Liu, et al., 2005
Wang, Y.; Liu, J.; Li, N.; Shi, G.; Jiang, G.; Ma, W., Preliminary study of the retention behavior for different compounds using cryogenic chromatography at different initial temperatures, Microchem. J., 2005, 81, 2, 184-190, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2005.02.003 . [all data]

Arutyunov, Kudryashov, et al., 2004
Arutyunov, Y.I.; Kudryashov, S.Y.; Onuchak, L.A., Analysis of Mixtures Containing Unknown Components by Gas Chromatography: Determination of Molecular Mass, J. Anal. Chem. USSR (Engl. Transl.), 2004, 59, 4, 358-365. [all data]

Pérez-Parajón, Santiuste, et al., 2004
Pérez-Parajón, J.M.; Santiuste, J.M.; Takács, J.M., Sensitivity of the methylbenzenes and chlorobenzenes retention index to column temperature, stationary phase polarity, and number and chemical nature of substituents, J. Chromatogr. A, 2004, 1048, 2, 223-232, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2004.07.028 . [all data]

Soják, 2004
Soják, L., Separation and identification of isomeric hydrocarbons by capillary gas chromatography and hyphenated spectrometric techniques, Petroleum Coal, 2004, 46, 3, 1-35. [all data]

Berezkin, Korolev, et al., 2002
Berezkin, V.G.; Korolev, A.A.; Malyukova, I.V.; Popova, T.P.; Shiryaeva, V.E.; Khotimskii, V.S., Poly[1-(trimethylsilyl)-1-propine] as chromatographic adsorbent and prospects of its application in packed and capillary columns, J. Chromatogr. A, 2002, 960, 1-2, 151-158, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(02)00333-3 . [all data]

Wick, Siepmann, et al., 2002
Wick, C.D.; Siepmann, I.; Klotz, W.L.; Schure, M.R., Temperature effects on the retention of n-alkanes and arenes in helium-squalane gas-liquid chromatography. Experiment and molecular simulation, J. Chromatogr. A, 2002, 954, 1-2, 181-190, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(02)00171-1 . [all data]

Chen, Liang, et al., 2001
Chen, J.P.; Liang, X.M.; Zhang, Q.; Zhang, L.F., Prediction of GC retention values under various column temperature conditions from temperature programmed data, Chromatographia, 2001, 53, 9/10, 539-547, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02491619 . [all data]

Garay, 2000
Garay, F., Application of a flow-tunable, serially coupled gas chromatographic capillary column system for the analysis of complex mixtures, Chromatographia Sup., 2000, 51, 1, s108-s120, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02492792 . [all data]

Zhu, Zhang, et al., 1999
Zhu, X.; Zhang, L.; Chen, J.; Wang, L.; Che, X., The application quantitative structure-retention relationship of GC to aid MS qualitative analysis, Chin. J. Chromatogr., 1999, 17, 4, 351-353. [all data]

Dewulf, Van Langenhove, et al., 1997
Dewulf, J.; Van Langenhove, H.; Everaert, M., Solid-phase microextraction of volatile organic compounds estimation of the sorption equilibrium from the Kováts index, effect of salinity and humic acids and the study of the kinetics by the development of an agitated/static layer model, J. Chromatogr. A, 1997, 761, 1-2, 205-217, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(96)00810-2 . [all data]

Estel, Mohnke, et al., 1995
Estel, D.; Mohnke; Biermans; Rotzsche, The analysis of C₄-C₁₁ hydrocarbons in naphtha and reformate with a new apolar fused silica column, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr., 1995, 18, 7, 403-412, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240180703 . [all data]

Krupcik, Skacani, et al., 1994
Krupcik, J.; Skacani, I.; Benicka, E.; Sandra, P., Dependence of gas chromatographic retention data of hydrocarbons on the film thickness of the polydimethylsiloxane stationary phase, Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun., 1994, 59, 11, 2390-2396, https://doi.org/10.1135/cccc19942390 . [all data]

Hongwei and Zhide, 1992
Hongwei, Z.; Zhide, H., Utilization of total solubility parameter for calculating retention indices of alkylbenzenes, Chromatographia, 1992, 33, 11/12, 575-580, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02262251 . [all data]

Zhang, Li, et al., 1992
Zhang, M.J.; Li, S.D.; Chen, B.J., Compositional studies of high-temperature coal tar by GC/FTIR analysis of light oil fractions, Chromatographia, 1992, 33, 3/4, 138-146, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02275894 . [all data]

Castello, Vezzani, et al., 1991
Castello, G.; Vezzani, S.; Gerbino, T., Gas chromatographic separation and automatic identification of complex mixtures of organic solvents in indrustrial wates, J. Chromatogr., 1991, 585, 2, 273-280, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(91)85088-W . [all data]

Engewald and Maurer, 1990
Engewald, W.; Maurer, T., Enhanced possibilities for identification by the use of series-coupled capillary gas chromatographic columns. I. General exposition and application of the retention index concept, J. Chromatogr., 1990, 520, 3-13, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(90)85078-A . [all data]

Matisová and Kurán, 1990
Matisová, E.; Kurán, P., Reproducibility of retention indices measurement of alkylbenzenes on crosslinked methyl silicone phase fused silica capillaries, Chromatographia, 1990, 30, 5/6, 328-332, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02319717 . [all data]

Maurer, Engewald, et al., 1990
Maurer, T.; Engewald, W.; Steinborn, A., Enhanced possibilities for identification using series-coupled capillary gas chromatographic columns. II. Retention indices as an identification tool in selectivity tuning, J. Chromatogr., 1990, 517, 77-86, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)95711-5 . [all data]

Dimov and Mekenyan, 1989
Dimov, N.; Mekenyan, Ov., Quantitative Relationships Between the Structure of Alkylbenzenes and Their Gas Chromatographic Retention on Stationary Phasses with Different Polarity, J. Chromatogr., 1989, 471, 227-236, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)94170-0 . [all data]

Engewald, Maurer, et al., 1989
Engewald, W.; Maurer, T.; Schiefke, A., Investigation of isomeric hydrocarbons by gas-solid chromatography on graphitized thermal carbon black, Pure Appl. Chem., 1989, 61, 11, 2001-2004, https://doi.org/10.1351/pac198961112001 . [all data]

Guan, Kiraly, et al., 1989
Guan, Y.; Kiraly, J.; Rijks, J.A., Interactive retention index database for compound identification in temperature-programmed capillary gas chromatography, J. Chromatogr., 1989, 472, 129-143, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)94101-3 . [all data]

Matisová, Kovacicová, et al., 1989
Matisová, E.; Kovacicová, E.; Ha, P.T.; Kolek, E.; Engewald, W., Identification of alkylbenzenes up to C₁₂ by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. II. Retention indices on OV-101 columns and retention-molecular structure correlations, J. Chromatogr., 1989, 475, 2, 113-123, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)89667-9 . [all data]

Safina, Poznyak, et al., 1989
Safina, L.R.; Poznyak, T.I.; Lisitsyn, D.M.; Kiseleva, E.V.; Kovalev, G.I., Selective gas-chromatographic determination of trace unsaturated and aromatic-hydrocarbons in complex-mixtures, J. Appl. Chem. USSR (Engl. Transl.), 1989, 44, 5, 749-754. [all data]

Lunskii and Paizanskaya, 1988
Lunskii, M.Kh.; Paizanskaya, I.L., Identification of hydrocarbons C₁-C₉ of petrol fractions of oils and condensates in the use of capillary columns with dinonylphthalate, Zh. Anal. Khim., 1988, 43, 127-135. [all data]

Matisová, Moravcová, et al., 1988
Matisová, E.; Moravcová, A.; Krupcík; Cellár, P.; Leclercq, P.A., Problems with the reproducibility of retention data on capillary columns with hydrocarbon C₈₇ as the stationary phase, J. Chromatogr., 1988, 454, 65-71, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)88602-1 . [all data]

Matisová, Rukríglová, et al., 1988
Matisová, E.; Rukríglová, M.; Krupcík, J.; Kovacicová, E.; Holotík, S., Identification of alkylbenzenes up to C₁₂ by capillary gas chromatography and combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. I. OV-101 as stationary phase, J. Chromatogr., 1988, 455, 301-309, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)82129-4 . [all data]

Samusenko and Golovnya, 1988
Samusenko, A.L.; Golovnya, R.V., Prediction of the retention indices of methyl pyridines and pyrazines in capillary gas chromatography based on the non-linear additivity of the sorption energy, Chromatographia, 1988, 25, 6, 531-535, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02324828 . [all data]

Nabivach and Vasiliev, 1987
Nabivach, V.M.; Vasiliev, E.E.E., Correlation dependencies of GC retention indices from physical chemical properties and structures of aromatic hydrocarbons, Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol., 1987, 30, 72-75. [all data]

Krupcik, Cellar, et al., 1986
Krupcik, J.; Cellar, P.; Repka, D.; Garaj, J.; Guiochon, G., Use of Kováts retention indices for characterization of solutes in linear temperature-programmed capillary gas-liquid chromatography, J. Chromatogr., 1986, 351, 111-121, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)83477-4 . [all data]

Tiess, 1984
Tiess, D., Gaschromatographische Retentionsindices von 125 leicht- bis mittelflüchtigen organischen Substanzen toxikologisch-analytischer Relevanz auf SE-30, Wiss. Z. Wilhelm-Pieck-Univ. Rostock Math. Naturwiss. Reihe, 1984, 33, 6-9. [all data]

Boneva, Papazova, et al., 1983
Boneva, St.; Papazova, D.; Dimov, N., Retention Indices of aromatic hydrocarbons on glass and metal capillary columns with stationary phase OV-101, Jahrb. Chem. Tech. Hochschule Burgas, 1983, 18, 143-148. [all data]

Kugucheva and Mashinsky, 1983
Kugucheva, E.E.; Mashinsky, V.I., Retention Indices of Aromatic Hydrocarbons on Capillary Columns with Squalan and Polyphenyl Ether, Zh. Anal. Khim. (Rus), 1983, 38, 11, 2023-2026. [all data]

Lubeck and Sutton, 1983
Lubeck, A.J.; Sutton, DL., Kovats retention indices of selected hydrocarbons through C₁₀ on bonded phase fused silica capillaries, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Comm., 1983, 6, 6, 328-332, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240060612 . [all data]

Tóth, 1983
Tóth, T., Use of capillary gas chromatography in collecting retention and chemical information for the analysis of complex petrochemical mixtures, J. Chromatogr., 1983, 279, 157-165, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)93614-3 . [all data]

Bredael, 1982
Bredael, P., Retention indices of hydrocarbons on SE-30, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Comm., 1982, 5, 6, 325-328, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240050610 . [all data]

Gerasimenko and Nabivach, 1982
Gerasimenko, V.A.; Nabivach, V.M., Relationship between molecular structure and gas chromatographic retention of alkylbenzenes C₈-C_{1 2} on polydimethylsiloxane, Zh. Anal. Khim., 1982, 37, 110-116. [all data]

Goebel, 1982
Goebel, K.-J., Gaschromatographische Identifizierung Niedrig Siedender Substanzen Mittels Retentionsindices und Rechnerhilfe, J. Chromatogr., 1982, 235, 1, 119-127, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)95793-5 . [all data]

Macák, Nabivach, et al., 1982
Macák, J.; Nabivach, V.; Buryan, P.; Sindler, S., Dependence of retention indices of alkylbenzenes on their molecular structure, J. Chromatogr., 1982, 234, 2, 285-302, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)81867-1 . [all data]

Gerasimenko, Kirilenko, et al., 1981
Gerasimenko, V.A.; Kirilenko, A.V.; Nabivach, V.M., Capillary gas chromatography of aromatic compounds found in coal tar fractions, J. Chromatogr., 1981, 208, 1, 9-16, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)87953-4 . [all data]

Nijs and Jacobs, 1981
Nijs, H.H.; Jacobs, P.A., On-Line Single Run Analysis of Effluents from a Fischer-Tropsch Reactor, J. Chromatogr. Sci., 1981, 19, 1, 40-45, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/19.1.40 . [all data]

Nabivach and Kirilenko, 1980
Nabivach, V.M.; Kirilenko, A.V., Relationship between the gas chromatographic behaviour and the molecular structure of hydrocarbon samples and various stationary phases. Part II. Correlation between the retention index, physicochemical properties and molecular structure, Chromatographia, 1980, 13, 2, 93-100, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02263060 . [all data]

Bajus, Veselý, et al., 1979
Bajus, M.; Veselý, V.; Leclercq, P.A.; Rijks, J.A., Steam cracking of hydrocarbons. 2. Pyrolysis of methylcyclohexane, Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev., 1979, 18, 2, 135-142, https://doi.org/10.1021/i360070a012 . [all data]

Nabivach and Kirilenko, 1979
Nabivach, V.M.; Kirilenko, A.V., The use of retention indices for identifying the components of crude benzene, Solid Fuel Chem. (Engl. Transl.), 1979, 13, 3, 82-87. [all data]

Drozd, Novák, et al., 1978
Drozd, J.; Novák, J.; Rijks, J.A., Quantitative and qualitative head-space gas analysis of parts per billion amounds of hydrocarbons in water. A study of model systems by capillary-column gas chromatography with splitless sample injection, J. Chromatogr., 1978, 158, 471-482, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)89989-6 . [all data]

Nabivach, Bur'yan, et al., 1978
Nabivach, V.M.; Bur'yan, P.; Matsak, I., Retention indices of aromatic hydrocarbons on a squalane capillary column, Zh. Anal. Khim., 1978, 33, 7, 1108-1113. [all data]

Engewald and Wennrich, 1976
Engewald, W.; Wennrich, L., Molekülstruktur und Retentionsverhalten. VIII. Zum Retentionsverhalten höherer Alkylbenzole bei der Gas-Verteilungs-Chromatographie, Chromatographia, 1976, 9, 11, 540-547, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02275960 . [all data]

Lulova, Leont'eva, et al., 1976
Lulova, N.I.; Leont'eva, S.A.; Timofeeva, A.N., Gas-chromatographic method of determination of individual hydrocarbons in catalytic cracking gasolines in Proceedings of All-Union Research Institute on Oil Processes. Vol.18, All-Union Research Institute on Oil Processes, Moscow, 1976, 30-53. [all data]

Ryba, 1976
Ryba, M., Unlösliche Restfilme er stationären Flüssigkeit in gas-chromatographischen Glaskapillaren, Chromatographia, 1976, 9, 3, 105-112, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02330376 . [all data]

Soják and Rijks, 1976
Soják, L.; Rijks, J.A., Capillary gas chromatography of alkylbenzenes. I. Some problems encountered with the precision of the retention indcies of alkylbenzenes, J. Chromatogr., 1976, 119, 505-521, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)86812-0 . [all data]

Mitra, Mohan, et al., 1974
Mitra, G.D.; Mohan, G.; Sinha, A., Advances in the utilization of the retention index system for characterizing hydrocarbons in complex mixtures by gas chromatography, J. Chromatogr., 1974, 99, 215-230, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)90857-4 . [all data]

Mitra, Mohan, et al., 1974, 2
Mitra, G.D.; Mohan, G.; Sinha, A., Gas chromatographic analysis of complex hydrocarbon mixtures, J. Chromatogr. A, 1974, 91, 633-648, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)97944-0 . [all data]

Rijks and Cramers, 1974
Rijks, J.A.; Cramers, C.A., High precision capillary gas chromatography of hydrocarbons, Chromatographia, 1974, 7, 3, 99-106, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02269819 . [all data]

Svob and Deur-Siftar, 1974
Svob, V.; Deur-Siftar, D., Kovats Retention Indices in the Identification of Alkylbenzene Degradation Products, J. Chromatogr., 1974, 91, 677-689, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)97947-6 . [all data]

Agrawal, Tesarík, et al., 1972
Agrawal, B.B.; Tesarík, K.; Janák, J., Gas chromatographic characterization of sulphur compounds in the 93-162° gasoline cut from Romashkino crude oil using Kováts retention indices, J. Chromatogr., 1972, 65, 1, 207-215, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)86933-2 . [all data]

Sidorov, Petrova, et al., 1972
Sidorov, R.I.; Petrova, V.I.; Ivanova, M.P., Qualitative analysis of wide-boiling fraction C5-C10 with capillary chromatography in Processes in chromatographic columns. Vol.17, 1972, 14-25. [all data]

Dimov and Schopov, 1971
Dimov, N.; Schopov, D., Empirische korrektion der physikalisch-chemischen retentionsindexe von kohlenwasserstoffen auf squalan, J. Chromatogr., 1971, 63, 223-228, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)85634-X . [all data]

Wagaman and Smith, 1971
Wagaman, K.L.; Smith, T.G., Use of hydrocarbons as carrier gases in GLC, J. Chromatogr. Sci., 1971, 9, 4, 241-244, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/9.4.241 . [all data]

Wallaert, 1971
Wallaert, B., Détermination des indices de Kovats sur colonne capillaire polaire, Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr., 1971, 1107-1109. [all data]

Krupcík, Liska, et al., 1970
Krupcík, J.; Liska, O.; Soják, L., The applicability of the linear free energy relationships for the identification of some alkyl aromatic hydrocarbons by open tubular column gas chromatography, J. Chromatogr., 1970, 51, 119-127, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)96846-3 . [all data]

Soják and Bucinská, 1970
Soják, L.; Bucinská, A., Open tubular column gas chromatography of dehydrogenation products of C₆-C₁₀ n-alkanes. Separation and identification of mixtures of C₆-C₁₀ straight-chain alkanes, alkenes and aromatics, J. Chromatogr., 1970, 51, 75-82, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)96841-4 . [all data]

Hively and Hinton, 1968
Hively, R.A.; Hinton, R.E., Variation of the retention index with temperature on squalane substrates, J. Gas Chromatogr., 1968, 6, 4, 203-217, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/6.4.203 . [all data]

Bonastre and Grenier, 1967
Bonastre, J.; Grenier, P., Contribution à l'étude de la polarité des phases stationnaires en chromatographie gas-liquide. I. Calcul des coefficients d'activité relatifs et des indices de rétention de quelques hydrocarbures aromatiques, Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr., 1967, 4, 1395-1405. [all data]

Shimadzu, 2003
Shimadzu, Gas chromatography analysis of organic solvents using capillary columns (No. 2), 2003, retrieved from http://www.shimadzu.com/apps/form.cfm. [all data]

Buchin, Salmon, et al., 2002
Buchin, S.; Salmon, J.-C.; Carnat, A.-P.; Berger, T.; Bugaud, C.; Bosset, J.O., Identification de composés monoterpéniques, sesquiterpéniques et benzéniques dans un lait d'alpage très riche en ces substances, Mitt. Lebensmittelunters. Hyg., 2002, 93, 199-216. [all data]

Wang, Fingas, et al., 1994
Wang, Z.; Fingas, M.; Li, K., Fractionation of a light crude oil and identification and quantitation of aliphatic, aromatic, and biomarker comopunds by GC-FID and GC-MS, Part II, J. Chromatogr. Sci., 1994, 32, 9, 367-382, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/32.9.367 . [all data]

Ramarathnam, Rubin, et al., 1993
Ramarathnam, N.; Rubin, L.J.; Diosady, L.L., Studies on meat flavor. 4. Fractionation, characterization, and quantitation of volatiles from uncured and cured beef and chicken, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1993, 41, 6, 939-945, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00030a020 . [all data]

Rembold, Wallner, et al., 1989
Rembold, H.; Wallner, P.; Nitz, S.; Kollmannsberger, H.; Drawert, F., Volatile components of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seed, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1989, 37, 3, 659-662, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00087a018 . [all data]

Hayes and Pitzer, 1982
Hayes, P.C., Jr.; Pitzer, E.W., Characterizing petroleum- and shale-derived jet fuel distillates via temperature-programmed Kováts indices, J. Chromatogr., 1982, 253, 179-198, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)88376-X . [all data]

Greenberg, 1981
Greenberg, M.J., Characterization of meat and bone meal flavor volatiles, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1981, 29, 6, 1276-1280, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00108a043 . [all data]

Yamaguchi and Shibamoto, 1981
Yamaguchi, K.; Shibamoto, T., Volatile constituents of green tea, Gyokuro (Camellia sinensis L. var Yabukita), J. Agric. Food Chem., 1981, 29, 2, 366-370, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00104a035 . [all data]

Louis, 1971
Louis, R., Kovats-index-tafeln zur gaschromatographischen analyse von kohlenwasserstoffgemischen, Erdoel Kohle Erdgas Petrochem., 1971, 24, 2, 88-94. [all data]

Haagen-Smit Laboratory, 1997
Haagen-Smit Laboratory, Procedure for the detailed hydrocarbon analysis of gasolines by single column high efficiency (capillary) column gas chromatography, SOP NO. MLD 118, Revision No. 1.1, California Environmental Protection Agency, Air Resources Board, El Monte, California, 1997, 22. [all data]

Hoekman, 1993
Hoekman, S.K., Improved gas chromatography procedure for speciated hydrocarbon measurements of vehicle emissions, J. Chromatogr., 1993, 639, 2, 239-253, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(93)80260-F . [all data]

Papazova and Pankova, 1975
Papazova, D.I.; Pankova, M.C., Identification of individual aromatic hydrocarbons in kerosene fraction (b.p. 150-250 °), J. Chromatogr., 1975, 105, 2, 411-414, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)82276-7 . [all data]

Egazaryants and Maximov, 1998
Egazaryants, S.V.; Maximov, A.L., Analysis of Gasoline Fractions by Capillary GC in 20th International Symposium on Capillary Chromatography, 1998, 1-6. [all data]

Orav, Kuningas, et al., 1994
Orav, A.; Kuningas, K.; Kailas, T.; Koplimets, E.; Rang, S., Effect of adsorption on the retention values in capillary columns coated with OV-225 and PEG 20M, J. Chromatogr. A, 1994, 659, 1, 143-150, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(94)85016-X . [all data]

Golovnya, Samusenko, et al., 1987
Golovnya, R.V.; Samusenko, A.L.; Dmitriev, L.B., Predicting retention indices of methyl-substituted pyridines in gas capillary chromatogrpahy on the basis of the principle of the nonadditive change in the energy of sorption, Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR Ser. Khim., 1987, 10, 2234-2239. [all data]

Podmaniczky, Szepesy, et al., 1985
Podmaniczky, L.; Szepesy, L.; Lakszner, K.; Schomburg, G., Relationship between thermodynamic characteristics and isothermal retention indices, Chromatographia, 1985, 20, 10, 623-628, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02263223 . [all data]

Döring, Estel, et al., 1974
Döring, C.E.; Estel, D.; Fischer, R., Kapillar-gaschromatographische Charakterisierung von C₁₀-bis C₁₂-Aromaten, J. Prakt. Chem., 1974, 316, 1, 1-12, https://doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160102 . [all data]

Anderson, Jurel, et al., 1973
Anderson, A.; Jurel, S.; Shymanska, M.; Golender, L., Gas-liquid chromatography of some aliphatic and heterocyclic mono- and pollyfunctional amines. VII. Retention indices of amines in some polar and unpolar stationary phases, Latv. PSR Zinat. Akad. Vestis Kim. Ser., 1973, 1, 51-63. [all data]

Wong and Teng, 1994
Wong, K.C.; Teng, Y.E., Volatile Components of Mimusops elengi L. Flowers, J. Essent. Oil Res., 1994, 6, 5, 453-458, https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1994.9698425 . [all data]

Tatsuka, Suekane, et al., 1990
Tatsuka, K.; Suekane, S.; Sakai, Y.; Sumitani, H., Volatile constituents of kiwi fruit flowers: simultaneous distillation and extraction versus headspace sampling, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1990, 38, 12, 2176-2180, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00102a015 . [all data]

MacLeod and Pieris, 1983
MacLeod, A.J.; Pieris, N.M., Volatile components of papaya (Carica papaya L.) with particular reference to glucosinolate products, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1983, 31, 5, 1005-1008, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00119a021 . [all data]

Quijano, Salamanca, et al., 2007
Quijano, C.E.; Salamanca, G.; Pino, J.A., Aroma volatile constituents of Colombian varieties of mango (Mangifera indica L.), Flavour Fragr. J., 2007, 22, 5, 401-406, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1812 . [all data]

Mahadevan and Farmer, 2006
Mahadevan, K.; Farmer, L., Key Odor Impact Compounds in Three Yeast Extract Pastes, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2006, 54, 19, 7242-7250, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf061102x . [all data]

Elmore, Cooper, et al., 2005
Elmore, J.S.; Cooper, S.L.; Enser, M.; Mottram, D.S.; Sinclair, L.A.; Wilkinson, R.G.; Wood, J.D., Dietary manipulation of fatty acid composition in lamb meat and its effect on the volatile aroma compounds of grilled lamb, Meat Sci., 2005, 69, 2, 233-242, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2004.07.002 . [all data]

Estevez, Ventanas, et al., 2005
Estevez, M.; Ventanas, S.; Ramirez, R.; Cava, R., Influence of the Addition of Rosemary Essential Oil on the Volatiles Pattern of Porcine Frankfurters, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 53, 21, 8317-8324, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf051025q . [all data]

Pino, Mesa, et al., 2005
Pino, J.A.; Mesa, J.; Muñoz, Y.; Martí, M.P.; Marbot, R., Volatile components from mango (Mangifera indica L.) cultivars, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 53, 6, 2213-2223, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0402633 . [all data]

Vendeuvre, Bertoncini, et al., 2005
Vendeuvre, C.; Bertoncini, F.; Thiébaut, D.; Martin, M.; Hennion, M.-C., Evluation of a retention model in comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography, J. Sep. Sci., 2005, 28, 11, 1129-1136, https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.200401933 . [all data]

Pino, Marbot, et al., 2004
Pino, J.A.; Marbot, R.; Vazquez, C., Volatile components of tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) grown in Cuba, J. Essent. Oil Res., 2004, 16, 4, 318-320, https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2004.9698731 . [all data]

Censullo, Jones, et al., 2003
Censullo, A.C.; Jones, D.R.; Wills, M.T., Speciation of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in solventborne aerosol coatings by solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography, J. Coat. Technol., 2003, 75, 936, 47-53, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02697922 . [all data]

Pino, Marbot, et al., 2003
Pino, J.; Marbot, R.; Rosado, A.; Vázquez, C., Volatile constituents of fruits of Garcinia dulcis Kurz. from Cuba, Flavour Fragr. J., 2003, 18, 4, 271-274, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1187 . [all data]

Song, Lai, et al., 2003
Song, C.; Lai, W.-C.; Madhusudan Reddy, K.; Wei, B., Chapter 7. Temperature-programmed retention indices for GC and GC-MS of hydrocarbon fuels and simulated distillation GC of heavy oils in Analytical advances for hydrocarbon research, Hsu,C.S., ed(s)., Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, 2003, 147-193. [all data]

Sun and Stremple, 2003
Sun, G.; Stremple, P., Retention index characterization of flavor, fragrance, and many other compounds on DB-1 and DB-XLB, 2003, retrieved from http://www.chem.agilent.com/cag/cabu/pdf/b-0279.pdf. [all data]

Xu, van Stee, et al., 2003
Xu, X.; van Stee, L.L.P.; Williams, J.; Beens, J.; Adahchour, M.; Vreuls, R.J.J.; Brinkman, U.A.Th.; Lelieveld, J., Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) measurements of volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 2003, 3, 3, 665-682, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-3-665-2003 . [all data]

Oruna-Concha, Ames, et al., 2002
Oruna-Concha, M.J.; Ames, J.M.; Bakker, J., Comparison of the volatile components of eight cultivars of potato after microwave baking, Lebensm. Wiss. Technol., 2002, 35, 1, 80-86, https://doi.org/10.1006/fstl.2001.0819 . [all data]

Pino, Marbot, et al., 2002
Pino, J.A.; Marbot, R.; Vázquez, C., Characterization of volatile in Cosa Rican Guava [Psidium friedrichsthalianum (Berg) Niedenzu] fruit, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2002, 50, 21, 6023-6026, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf011456i . [all data]

Isidorov, Krajewska, et al., 2001
Isidorov, V.A.; Krajewska, U.; Dubis, E.N.; Jdanova, M.A., Partition coefficients of alkyl aromatic hydrocarbons and esters in a hexane-acetonitrile system, J. Chromatogr. A, 2001, 923, 1-2, 127-136, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)00929-3 . [all data]

Pino, Marbot, et al., 2001
Pino, J.A.; Marbot, R.; Vázquez, C., Characterization of volatiles in strawberry guava (Psidium cattleianum Sabine) fruit, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2001, 49, 12, 5883-5887, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf010414r . [all data]

Yin, Liu, et al., 2001
Yin, C.; Liu, W.; Li, Z.; Pan, Z.; Lin, T.; Zhang, M., Chemometrics to chemical modeling: structural coding in hydrocarbons and retention indices of gas chromatography, J. Sep. Sci., 2001, 24, 3, 213-220, https://doi.org/10.1002/1615-9314(20010301)24:3<213::AID-JSSC213>3.0.CO;2-4 . [all data]

Chevance and Farmer, 1999
Chevance, F.F.V.; Farmer, L.J., Identification of major volatile odor compounds in frankfurters, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1999, 47, 12, 5151-5160, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf990515d . [all data]

Yassaa, Meklati, et al., 1999
Yassaa, N.; Meklati, B.Y.; Cecinato, A., Analysis of volatile organic compounds in the ambient air of Algiers by gas chromatography with a β-cyclodextrin capillary column, J. Chromatogr. A, 1999, 846, 1-2, 287-293, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(99)00327-1 . [all data]

Verdier-Metz., Coulon, et al., 1998
Verdier-Metz., I.; Coulon, J.-B.; PPradel, P.; Viallon, C.; Berdague, J.-L., Effect of forage conservation (hay or silage) and cow breed on the coagulation properties of milks and on the characteristics of ripened cheeses, J. Dairy Res., 1998, 65, 1, 9-21, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022029997002616 . [all data]

Sinyinda and Gramshaw, 1998
Sinyinda, S.; Gramshaw, J.W., Volatiles of avocado fruit, Food Chem., 1998, 62, 4, 483-487, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(97)00190-8 . [all data]

Kivi-Etelätalo, Kostiainen, et al., 1997
Kivi-Etelätalo, E.; Kostiainen, O.; Kokko, M., Analysis of volatile organic compounds in air using retention indices together with a simple thermal desorption and cold trap method, J. Chromatogr. A, 1997, 787, 1-2, 205-214, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(97)00663-8 . [all data]

Martos, Saraullo, et al., 1997
Martos, P.A.; Saraullo, A.; Pawliszyn, J., Estimation of air/coating distribution coefficients for solid phase microextraction using retention indexes from linear temperature-programmed capillary gas chromatography. Application to the sampling and analysis of total petroleum hydrocarbons in air, Anal. Chem., 1997, 69, 3, 402-408, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac960633p . [all data]

Gautzsch and Zinn, 1996
Gautzsch, R.; Zinn, P., Use of incremental models to estimate the retention indexes of aromatic compounds, Chromatographia, 1996, 43, 3/4, 163-176, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02292946 . [all data]

Helmig, Pollock, et al., 1996
Helmig, D.; Pollock, W.; Greenberg, J.; Zimmerman, P., Gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis of volatile organic trace gases at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii, J. Geophys. Res., 1996, 101, D9, 14697-14710, https://doi.org/10.1029/96JD00212 . [all data]

Moio L., Rillo L., et al., 1996
Moio L.; Rillo L.; Ledda A.; Addeo F., Odorous constituents of ovine milk in relationship to diet, J. Dairy Sci., 1996, 79, 8, 1322-1331, https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(96)76488-3 . [all data]

Lai and Song, 1995
Lai, W.-C.; Song, C., Temperature-programmed retention indices for g.c. and g.c.-m.s. analysis of coal- and petroleum-derived liquid fuels, Fuel, 1995, 74, 10, 1436-1451, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(95)00108-H . [all data]

Subramaniam, Bochniak, et al., 1994
Subramaniam, B.; Bochniak, D.; Snavely, K., Fischer-Tropsch synthesis in supercritical reaction media, Lawrence Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering (DOE/PC/92532--T7), United States Department of Energy, Pittsburgh, PA, 1994, 8, retrieved from http://www.NTIS.gov. [all data]

Olson, Sinkevitch, et al., 1992
Olson, K.L.; Sinkevitch, R.M.; Sloane, T.M., Speciation and Quantitation of Hydrocarbons in Gasoline Engine Exhaust, J. Chromatogr. Sci., 1992, 30, 12, 500-508, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/30.12.500 . [all data]

White, Douglas, et al., 1992
White, C.M.; Douglas, L.J.; Hackett, J.P.; Anderson, R.R., Characterization of synthetic gasoline from the chloromethane-zeolite reaction, Energy Fuels, 1992, 6, 1, 76-82, https://doi.org/10.1021/ef00031a012 . [all data]

White, Hackett, et al., 1992
White, C.M.; Hackett, J.; Anderson, R.R.; Kail, S.; Spock, P.S., Linear temperature programmed retention indices of gasoline range hydrocarbons and chlorinated hydrocarbons on cross-linked polydimethylsiloxane, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr., 1992, 15, 2, 105-120, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240150211 . [all data]

Morinaga, Hara, et al., 1990
Morinaga, M.; Hara, K.; Kageura, M.; Heida, Y.; Takamoto, M.; Kashimura, S., A simple, rapid and simultaneous analysis of complex volatile hydrocarbon mixtures in blood using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with a wide-bore capillary column, Z. Rechtsmed., 1990, 103, 8, 567-572, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01261420 . [all data]

Golovnya, Samusenko, et al., 1988
Golovnya, R.V.; Samusenko, A.L.; Lyapin, V.A., Prediction of linear temperature programmed retention indices of methylpyridines in capillary gas chromatography, Zh. Anal. Khim., 1988, 63, 2, 311-317. [all data]

Bangjie, Xijian, et al., 1987
Bangjie, C.; Xijian, G.; Shaoyi, P., Calculation of retention indices in temperature-programmed gas chromatography, Chromatographia, 1987, 23, 12, 888-892, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02261466 . [all data]

Haynes and Pitzer, 1985
Haynes, P.C., Jr.; Pitzer, E.W., Disengaging solutes in shale- and petroleum-derived jet fuels by altering GC programmed temperature rates, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Comm., 1985, 8, 5, 230-242, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240080504 . [all data]

Knoppel, de Bortoli, et al., 1982
Knoppel, H.; de Bortoli, M.; Peil, A.; Schauenburg, H.; Vissers, H., The determination of linear PTGC retention indices for use in environmental organics analysis, Comm. Eur. Communities, Rep. EUR, 1982, 99-109. [all data]

Hayes and Pitzer, 1981
Hayes, P.C., Jr.; Pitzer, E.W., Kovats indices as a tool in characterizing hydrocarbon fuels in temperature programmed glass capillary gas chromatography. Part 1. Qualitative identification, Inhouse rpt. for Air Force Wright Aeronautical Labs., Air Force Wright Aeronautical Labs., Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio, 1981, 75. [all data]

Andriamaharavo, 2014
Andriamaharavo, N.R., Retention Data. NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center., NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, 2014. [all data]

Varlet V., Knockaert C., et al., 2006
Varlet V.; Knockaert C.; Prost C.; Serot T., Comparison of odor-active volatile compounds of fresh and smoked salmon, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2006, 54, 9, 3391-3401, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf053001p . [all data]

Engel, Baty, et al., 2002
Engel, E.; Baty, C.; le Corre, D.; Souchon, I.; Martin, N., Flavor-active compounds potentially implicated in cooked cauliflower acceptance, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2002, 50, 22, 6459-6467, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf025579u . [all data]

Oruna-Concha, Bakker, et al., 2002
Oruna-Concha, M.J.; Bakker, J.; Ames, J.M., Comparison of the volatile components of two cultivars of potato cooked by boiling, conventional baking and microwave baking, J. Sci. Food Agric., 2002, 82, 9, 1080-1087, https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.1148 . [all data]

Duckham, Dodson, et al., 2001
Duckham, S.C.; Dodson, A.T.; Bakker, J.; Ames, J.M., Volatile flavour components of baked potato flesh. A comparison of eleven potato cultivars, Nahrung/Food, 2001, 45, 5, 317-323, https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-3803(20011001)45:5<317::AID-FOOD317>3.0.CO;2-4 . [all data]

Hassoun, Pilling, et al., 1999
Hassoun, S.; Pilling, M.J.; Bartle, K.D., A catalogue of urban hydrocarbons for the city of Leeds: atmospheric monitoring of volatile organic compounds by thermal desorption-gas chromatography, J. Environ. Monitor., 1999, 1, 5, 453-458, https://doi.org/10.1039/a904879k . [all data]

Mattinen, Tuominen, et al., 1995
Mattinen, M.-L.; Tuominen, J.; Saarela, K., Analysis of TVOC and certain selected compounds from indoor air using GC/FID-RIM technique, Indoor Air, 1995, 5, 1, 56-61, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0668.1995.t01-1-00009.x . [all data]

Peng, Ding, et al., 1988
Peng, C.T.; Ding, S.F.; Hua, R.L.; Yang, Z.C., Prediction of Retention Indexes I. Structure-Retention Index Relationship on Apolar Columns, J. Chromatogr., 1988, 436, 137-172, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)94575-8 . [all data]

Elmore, Nisyrios, et al., 2005
Elmore, J.S.; Nisyrios, I.; Mottram, D.S., Analysis of the headspace aroma compounds of walnuts (Juglans regia L.), Flavour Fragr. J., 2005, 20, 5, 501-506, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1477 . [all data]

Riu-Aumatell, Lopez-Tamames, et al., 2005
Riu-Aumatell, M.; Lopez-Tamames, E.; Buxaderas, S., Assessment of the Volatile Composition of Juices of Apricot, Peach, and Pear According to Two Pectolytic Treatments, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 53, 20, 7837-7843, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf051397z . [all data]

Chung, Yung, et al., 2002
Chung, H.-Y.; Yung, I.K.S.; Ma, W.C.J.; Kim, J.-S., Analysis of volatile components in frozen and dried scallops (Patinopecten yessoensis) by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, Food Res. Int., 2002, 35, 1, 43-53, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0963-9969(01)00107-7 . [all data]

Chung, Yung, et al., 2001
Chung, H.Y.; Yung, I.K.S.; Kim, J.-S., Comparison of volatile components in dried scallops (Chlamys farreri and Patinopecten yessoensis) prepared by boiling and steaming methods, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2001, 49, 1, 192-202, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf000692a . [all data]

le Guen, Prost, et al., 2000
le Guen, S.; Prost, C.; Demaimay, M., Critical comparison of three olfactometric methods for the identification of the most potent odorants in cooked mussels (Mytilus edulis), J. Agric. Food Chem., 2000, 48, 4, 1307-1314, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf990745s . [all data]

Le Guen, Prost, et al., 2000
Le Guen, S.; Prost, C.; Demaimay, M., Characterization of odorant compounds of mussels (Mytilus edulis) according to their origin using gas chromatography-olfactometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. A, 2000, 896, 1-2, 361-371, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)00729-9 . [all data]

Chung, 1999
Chung, H.Y., Volatile components in crabmeats of Charybdis feriatus, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1999, 47, 6, 2280-2287, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf981027t . [all data]

Cha, Kim, et al., 1998
Cha, Y.J.; Kim, H.; Cadwallader, K.R., Aroma-active compounds in Kimchi during fermentation, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1998, 46, 5, 1944-1953, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf9706991 . [all data]

Shimoda, Peralta, et al., 1996
Shimoda, M.; Peralta, R.R.; Osajima, Y., Headspace gas analysis of fish sauce, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1996, 44, 11, 3601-3605, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf960345u . [all data]

Shimoda, Wu, et al., 1996
Shimoda, M.; Wu, Y.; Osajima, Y., Aroma compounds from aqueous solution of Haze (Rhus succedanea) honey determined by adsorptive column chromatography, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1996, 44, 12, 3913-3918, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf9601168 . [all data]

Shimoda, Shigematsu, et al., 1995
Shimoda, M.; Shigematsu, H.; Shiratsuchi, H.; Osajima, Y., Comparison of the odor concentrates by SDE and adsorptive column method from green tea infusion, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1995, 43, 6, 1616-1620, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00054a037 . [all data]

Shiratsuchi, Shimoda, et al., 1994
Shiratsuchi, H.; Shimoda, M.; Imayoshi, K.; Noda, K.; Osajima, Y., Volatile flavor compounds in spray-dried skim milk powder, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1994, 42, 4, 984-988, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00040a028 . [all data]

Sumitani, Suekane, et al., 1994
Sumitani, H.; Suekane, S.; Nakatani, A.; Tatsuka, K., Changes in composition of volatile compounds in high pressure treated peach, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1994, 42, 3, 785-790, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00039a037 . [all data]

Shiratsuchi, Shimoda, et al., 1993
Shiratsuchi, H.; Shimoda, M.; Minegishi, Y.; Osajima, Y., Isolation and identification of volatile flavor compounds in nonfermented coarse-cut sausage. Flavor as a quality factor of nonfermented sausage. 1, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1993, 41, 4, 647-652, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00028a027 . [all data]

Suárez and Duque, 1992
Suárez, M.; Duque, C., Change in volatile compounds during lulo (Solanum vestissimum D.) fruit maturation, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1992, 40, 4, 647-649, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00016a025 . [all data]

Suárez and Duque, 1991
Suárez, M.; Duque, C., Volatile constituents of lulo (Salanum vestissimum D.) fruit, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1991, 39, 8, 1498-1500, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00008a026 . [all data]

Frohlich and Schreier, 1990
Frohlich, O.; Schreier, P., Volatile Constituents of Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) Fruit, J. Food Sci., 1990, 55, 1, 176-180, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1990.tb06046.x . [all data]

Matiella and Hsieh, 1990
Matiella, J.E.; Hsieh, T.C.-Y., Analysis of crabmeat volatile compounds, J. Food Sci., 1990, 55, 4, 962-966, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1990.tb01575.x . [all data]

Fröhlich, Duque, et al., 1989
Fröhlich, O.; Duque, C.; Schreier, P., Volatile constituents of curuba (Passiflora mollissima) fruit, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1989, 37, 2, 421-425, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00086a033 . [all data]

Tanchotikul and Hsieh, 1989
Tanchotikul, U.; Hsieh, T.C.-Y., Volatile Flavor Components in Crayfish Waste, J. Food Sci., 1989, 54, 6, 1515-1520, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1989.tb05149.x . [all data]

Bianchi, Cantoni, et al., 2007
Bianchi, F.; Cantoni, C.; Careri, M.; Chiesa, L.; Musci, M.; Pinna, A., Characterization of the aromatic profile for the authentication and differentiation of typical Italian dry-sausages, Talanta, 2007, 72, 4, 1552-1563, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2007.02.019 . [all data]

Bianchi, Careri, et al., 2007
Bianchi, F.; Careri, M.; Mangia, A.; Musci, M., Retention indices in the analysis of food aroma volatile compounds in temperature-programmed gas chromatography: Database creation and evaluation of precision and robustness, J. Sep. Sci., 2007, 39, 4, 563-572, https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.200600393 . [all data]

Alasalvar, Shahidi, et al., 2003
Alasalvar, C.; Shahidi, F.; Cadwallader, K.R., Comparison of natural and roasted Turkish Tombul hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) volatiles and flavor by DHA/GC/MS and descriptive sensory analysis, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2003, 51, 17, 5067-5072, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0300846 . [all data]

Pennarun, Prost, et al., 2003
Pennarun, A.-L.; Prost, C.; Haure, J.; Demaimay, M., Comparison of two microalgal diets. 2. Influence on odorant composition and organoleptic qualities of raw oysters (Crassostrea gigas), J. Agric. Food Chem., 2003, 51, 7, 2011-2018, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf020549c . [all data]

Chen and Feng, 2006
Chen, Y.; Feng, C.-I., Regerating the spent metal-contaminated cracking catalyst by ozalic acid, J. Shanxi Univ. (Nat. Sci. Ed.), 2006, 29, 4, 414-420. [all data]

Berezkin, 1993
Berezkin, V.G., Linear correlation between retention indexes obtained in different laboratories on open tubular capillary columns with the same liquid stationary phase, Chem. Anal. (Warsaw), 1993, 38, 5, 649-651. [all data]

Tian, 1993
Tian, S., Analysis of the tower bottom oil of dimethylbenzene rectifying tower and C9 aromatic hydrocarbon fraction by capillary gas chromatography, Chin. J. Chromatogr., 1993, 11, 4, 202-206. [all data]

Krupcik, Cellar, et al., 1986, 2
Krupcik, J.; Cellar, P.; Repka, D., Analyza cyklickych a aromatickych uhlovodnikov s poctom uhlikovych atomov 8 kapilarnou plynovou chromatografiou, Ropa a Uhlie, 1986, 28, 8, 485-495. [all data]

Wu and Lu, 1984
Wu, J.; Lu, W., Kovats indices of C4-C10 hydrocarbons in apolar quartz capillary OV-101, Chin. J. Chromatogr., 1984, 1, 1, 11-17. [all data]

Bermejo, Moinelo, et al., 1980
Bermejo, J.; Moinelo, S.R.; Suarez Canga, C., Calculo de indices de retencion a patir de DI y de la polaridad de la fase, Calculo de indices de retencion a patir de DI y de la polaridad de la fase, Instituto Nacional del Carbon y sus Derivados Francisco Pintado Fe (INCAR), La Corredoria, Oviedo, Espana, 1980, 13. [all data]

Sojak and Vigdergauz, 1978
Sojak, L.; Vigdergauz, M.S., Comparison of interpolation methods for the interpretation of retention data in gas chromatography, J. Chromatogr., 1978, 148, 1, 159-167, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)99332-4 . [all data]

Anderson, 1968
Anderson, D.G., USe of Kovats retention indices and response factors for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of coating solvents, J. Paint Technol., 1968, 40, 527, 549-557. [all data]

Ferrand, 1962
Ferrand, R., Gas phase chromatography using retention indices for the analysis of tars and their hydrogenation products, Journees internationales d'etude des methodes de separation immediate at de chromatographie; Org. sur l'initiative du IX., 1962, 132-140. [all data]

Bramston-Cook, 2013
Bramston-Cook, R., Kovats indices for C2-C13 hydrocarbons and selected oxygenated/halocarbons with 100 % dimethylpolysiloxane columns, 2013, retrieved from http://lotusinstruments.com/monographs/List .... [all data]

Kotowska, Zalikowski, et al., 2012
Kotowska, U.; Zalikowski, M.; Isidorov, V.A., HS-SPME/GC-MS analysis of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds emitted from municipal sewage sludge, Environ. Monit. Asses., 2012, 184, 5, 2893-2907, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-011-2158-8 . [all data]

Supelco, 2012
Supelco, CatalogNo. 24160-U, Petrocol DH Columns. Catalog No. 24160-U, 2012, retrieved from http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/etc/medialib/docs/Supelco/Datasheet/1/w97949.Par.0001.File.tmp/w97949.pdf. [all data]

Czerny, Brueckner, et al., 2011
Czerny, M.; Brueckner, R.; Kirchoff, E.; Schmitt, R.; Buettner, A., The influence of molecular structure on odor qualities and odor detection thresholds of volatile alkylated phenols, Chem. Senses, 2011, 1-15, retrieved from http://chemie.oxfordjournals.org. [all data]

Leffingwell and Alford, 2011
Leffingwell, J.; Alford, E.D., Volatile constituents of the giant pufball mushroom (Calvatia gigantea), Leffingwell Rep., 2011, 4, 1-17. [all data]

Harrison and Priest, 2009
Harrison, B.M.; Priest, F.G., Composition of peaks used in the preparation of malt for Scotch Whisky production - influence of geographical source and extraction depth, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2009, 57, 6, 2385-2391, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf803556y . [all data]

Zhang, Ding, et al., 2009
Zhang, X.; Ding, L.; Sun, Z.; Song, L.; Sun, T., Study on quantitative structure-retention relationships for hydrocarbons in FCC gasoline, Chromatographia, 2009, 70, 3/4, 511-518, https://doi.org/10.1365/s10337-009-1174-0 . [all data]

Vasta, Ratel, et al., 2007
Vasta, V.; Ratel, J.; Engel, E., Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Volatile Compounds in Raw Meat for the Authentication of the Feeding Background of Farm Animals, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2007, 55, 12, 4630-4639, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf063432n . [all data]

Berlioz, Cordella, et al., 2006
Berlioz, B.; Cordella, C.; Cavalli, J.-F.; Lizzani-Cuvelier, L.; Loiseau, A.-M.; Fernandez, X., Comparison of the amounts of volatile compounds in French protected designation of origin virgin olive oils, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2006, 54, 26, 10092-10101, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf061796+ . [all data]

Castel, Fernandez, et al., 2006
Castel, C.; Fernandez, X.; Lizzani-Cuvelier, L.; Perichet, C.; Lavoine, S., Characterization of the Chemical Composition of a Byproduct from Siam Benzoin Gum, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2006, 54, 23, 8848-8854, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf061193y . [all data]

Pino, Marquez, et al., 2006
Pino, J.A.; Marquez, E.; Marbot, R., Volatile constituents from tea of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.), Rev. CENIC Ciencias Quimicas, 2006, 37, 3, 127-129. [all data]

Utsunomia, Kawata, et al., 2005
Utsunomia, H.; Kawata, J.; Chanoki, W.; Shirakawa, N.; Miyazawa, M., Components of Essential Oil from Woods of Prunus mume Sieb. at Zucc., J. Oleo Sci., 2005, 54, 11, 609-612, https://doi.org/10.5650/jos.54.609 . [all data]

Cavalli, Fernandez, et al., 2004
Cavalli, J.-F.; Fernandez, X.; Lizzani-Cievelier, L.; Loiseau, A.-M., Characterization of volatile compounds of French and Spanish virgin olive oil by HS-SPME: identification of quality-freshness markers, Food Chem., 2004, 88, 1, 151-157, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.04.003 . [all data]

Ramírez, Estévez, et al., 2004
Ramírez, M.R.; Estévez, M.; Morcuende, D.; Cava, R., Effect of the type of frying culinary fat on volatile compounds isolated in fried pork loin chops by using SPME-GC-MS, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2004, 52, 25, 7637-7643, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf049207s . [all data]

Pino, Marbot, et al., 2003, 2
Pino, J.A.; Marbot, R.; Fuentes, V., Characterization of volatiles in Bullock's heart (Annona reticulata L.) fruit cultivars from Cuba, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2003, 51, 13, 3836-3839, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf020733y . [all data]

Sebastian, Viallon-Fernandez, et al., 2003
Sebastian, I.; Viallon-Fernandez, C.; Berge, P.; Berdague, J.-L., Analysis of the volatile fraction of lamb fat tissue: influence of the type of feeding, Sciences des Aliments, 2003, 23, 4, 497-511, https://doi.org/10.3166/sda.23.497-511 . [all data]

Vichi, Castellote, et al., 2003
Vichi, S.; Castellote, A.I.; Pizzale, L.; Conte, L.S.; Buxaderas, S.; López-Tamames, E., Analysis of virgin olive oil volatile compounds by headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography with mass spectrometric and flame ionization detection, J. Chromatogr. A, 2003, 983, 1-2, 19-33, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(02)01691-6 . [all data]

Vichi, Pizzale, et al., 2003
Vichi, S.; Pizzale, L.; Conte, L.S.; Buxaderas, S.; López-Tamames, E., Solid-phase microextraction in the analysis of virgin olive oil volatile fraction: characterization of virgin olive oils from two distinct geographical areas of Northern Italy, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2003, 51, 22, 6572-6577, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf030269c . [all data]

Isidorov and Jdanova, 2002
Isidorov, V.; Jdanova, M., Volatile organic compounds from leaves litter, Chemosphere, 2002, 48, 9, 975-979, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(02)00074-7 . [all data]

Kim and Lee, 2002
Kim, N.-S.; Lee, D.-S., Comparison of different extraction methods for the analysis of fragrances from Lavandula species by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. A, 2002, 982, 1, 31-47, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(02)01445-0 . [all data]

Pino, Marbot, et al., 2002, 2
Pino, J.A.; Marbot, R.; Vazquez, C., Characterization of volatiles in Loquat fruit (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.), Revista CENIC Ciencias Quimicas, 2002, 33, 3, 115-119. [all data]

Tellez, Schrader, et al., 2001
Tellez, M.R.; Schrader, K.K.; Kobaisy, M., Volatile components of the cyanobacterium oscillatoria perornata (Skuja), J. Agric. Food Chem., 2001, 49, 12, 5989-5992, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf010722p . [all data]

García, Martín, et al., 2000
García, C.; Martín, A.; Timón, M.L.; Córdoba, J.J., Microbial populations and volatile compounds in the 'bone taint' spoilage of dry cured ham, Lett. Appl. Microbiol., 2000, 30, 1, 61-66, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1472-765x.2000.00663.x . [all data]

Health Safety Executive, 2000
Health Safety Executive, MDHS 96 Volatile organic compounds in air - Laboratory method using pumed solid sorbent tubes, solvent desorption and gas chromatography in Methods for the Determination of Hazardous Substances (MDHS) guidance, Crown, Colegate, Norwich, 2000, 1-24, retrieved from http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/mdhs/pdfs/mdhs96.pdf. [all data]

Baraldi, Rapparini, et al., 1999
Baraldi, R.; Rapparini, F.; Rossi, F.; Latella, A.; Ciccioli, P., Volatile organic compound emissions from flowers of the most occurring and economically important species of fruit trees, Phys. Chem. Earth, 1999, 24, 6, 729-732, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1464-1909(99)00073-8 . [all data]

Jung, Wichmann, et al., 1999
Jung, A.; Wichmann, K.-H.; Kolb, M., VOC emission of polymeric packaging materials, LaborPraxis, 1999, 23, 9, 20-22. [all data]

Orav, Kailas, et al., 1999
Orav, A.; Kailas, T.; Muurisepp, M.; Kann, J., Composition of the oil from waste tires. 2. Fraction boiling at 160-180 0C, Proc. Estonian Acad. Sci. Chem., 1999, 48, 3, 136-140. [all data]

Orav, Kailas, et al., 1999, 2
Orav, A.; Kailas, T.; Muurisepp, M.; Kann, J., Composition of the oil from waste tires. 1. Fraction boiling at yp to 160 0C, Proc. Estonian Acad. Sci. Chem., 1999, 48, 1, 30-39. [all data]

Kondjoyan, Viallon, et al., 1997
Kondjoyan, N.; Viallon, C.; Berdagué, J.L.; Daridan, D.; Simon, M.-N.; Legault, C., Analyse comparative de la fraction volatile de jambons secs de porcs Gascon et Large-White x Landrace Français, J. Rech. C.N.R.S., 1997, 29, 405-410, retrieved from http://www.rennes.inra.fr/srp/jrp/1997/97txtQualite/Q9704.pdf. [all data]

Guan, Li, et al., 1995
Guan, Y.; Li, L.; Zhou, L., Live retention database for compound identification in capillary gas chromatography, Chin. J. Chromatogr., 1995, 13, 5, 851-857. [all data]

Wang and Fingas, 1995
Wang, Z.; Fingas, M., Differentiation of the source of spilled oil and monitoring of the oil weathering process using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. A, 1995, 712, 2, 321-343, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(95)00546-Y . [all data]

Moio, Dekimpe, et al., 1993
Moio, L.; Dekimpe, J.; Etievant, P.; Addeo, F., Neutral volatile compounds in the raw milks from different species, J. Dairy Res., 1993, 60, 2, 199-213, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022029900027515 . [all data]

Shiota, 1993
Shiota, H., New esteric components in the volatiles of banana fruit (Musa sapientum L.), J. Agric. Food Chem., 1993, 41, 11, 2056-2062, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00035a046 . [all data]

Ciccioli, Cecinato, et al., 1992
Ciccioli, P.; Cecinato, A.; Brancaleoni, E.; Frattoni, M.; Liberti, A., Use of carbon adsorption traps combined with high resolution gas chromatography - mass spectrometry for the analysis of polar and non-polar C₄-C₁₄ hydrocarbons involved in photochemical smog formation, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr., 1992, 15, 2, 75-84, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240150205 . [all data]

Guan, Zheng, et al., 1992
Guan, Y.; Zheng, P.; Zhou, L., Prediction, optimization of separation, and identification of unknown compounds in capillary gas chromatography, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr., 1992, 15, 1, 18-23, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240150106 . [all data]

Hartgers, Damste, et al., 1992
Hartgers, W.A.; Damste, J.S.S.; de Leeuw, J.W., Identification of C₂-C₄ alkylated benzenes in flash pyrolysates of kerogens, coals and asphaltenes, J. Chromatogr., 1992, 606, 2, 211-220, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(92)87027-6 . [all data]

Berdague, Denoyer, et al., 1991
Berdague, J.-L.; Denoyer, C.; Le Quéré, J.-L.; Semon, E., Volatile components of dry-cured ham, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1991, 39, 7, 1257-1261, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00007a012 . [all data]

Misharina, Golovnya, et al., 1991
Misharina, T.A.; Golovnya, R.V.; Charnomskii, V.V., Volatile components of boiled shrimp funchalia woodwardi and crab geryon maritae, Zh. Anal. Khim., 1991, 46, 1421-1429. [all data]

Zenkevich and Ventura, 1991
Zenkevich, I.G.; Ventura, K., Gas Chromatographic Identification of Volatile Products of Thermal Degradation of Bitumen, Zh. Prikl. Khim. (Rus.), 1991, 9, 1974-1979. [all data]

Binder, Benson, et al., 1990
Binder, R.G.; Benson, M.E.; Flath, R.A., Volatile Components of Safflower, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1990, 38, 5, 1245-1248, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00095a020 . [all data]

Binder, Turner, et al., 1990
Binder, R.G.; Turner, C.E.; Flath, R.A., Volatile components of purple starthistle, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1990, 38, 4, 1053-1055, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00094a030 . [all data]

Durand, Boscher, et al., 1987
Durand, J.P.; Boscher, Y.; Petroff, N.; Berthelin, M., Automatic Gas Chromatographic Determination of Gasoline Components. Application to Octane Number Determination, J. Chromatogr., 1987, 395, 229-240, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)94113-5 . [all data]

Habu, Flath, et al., 1985
Habu, T.; Flath, R.A.; Mon, T.R.; Morton, J.F., Volatile components of Rooibos tea (Aspalathus linearis), J. Agric. Food Chem., 1985, 33, 2, 249-254, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00062a024 . [all data]

del Rosario, de Lumen, et al., 1984
del Rosario, R.; de Lumen, B.O.; Habu, T.; Flath, R.A.; Mon, T.R.; Teranishi, R., Comparison of headspace volatiles from winged beans and soybeans, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1984, 32, 5, 1011-1015, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00125a015 . [all data]

Heydanek and McGorrin, 1981
Heydanek, M.G.; McGorrin, R.J., Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy investigations on the flavor chemistry of oat groats, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1981, 29, 5, 950-954, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00107a016 . [all data]

Dahlmann, Köser, et al., 1979
Dahlmann, G.; Köser, H.J.K.; Oelert, H.H., Multiple korrelation von retentionsindizes, Chromatographia, 1979, 12, 10, 665-671, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02302943 . [all data]

Donetzhuber, Johansson, et al., 1976
Donetzhuber, A.; Johansson, K.; Sandstroem, C., Gas phase characterization of wood, pulp, and paper, Appl. Polymer Symp., 1976, 28, 889-901. [all data]

Robinson, Adams, et al., 2012
Robinson, A.L.; Adams, D.O.; Boss, P.K.; Heymann, H.; Solomon, P.S.; Trengove, R.D., Influence of geographic origine on the sensory characteristics and wine composition of Vitus viniferas cv. Cabernet Sauvignon wines from Australia (Supplemental data), Am. J. Enol. Vitic., 2012, 64, 4, 467-476, https://doi.org/10.5344/ajev.2012.12023 . [all data]

Courtois, Paine, et al., 2009
Courtois, E.A.; Paine, C.E.; Blandinieres, P.-A.; Stien, D.; Bessiere, J.-M.; Houel, E.; Baraloto, C.; Chave, J., Diversity of the volatile organic compounds emitted by 55 species of tropical trees: a survey in French Guiana, J. Chem. Ecol., 2009, 35, 11, 1349-1362, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-009-9718-1 . [all data]

Costa, De Fina, et al., 2008
Costa, R.; De Fina, M.R.; Valentino, M.R.; Rustaiyan, A.; Dugo, P.; Dugo, G.; Mondello, L., An investigation on the volatile composition of some Artemisia species from Iran, Flavour Fragr. J., 2008, 24, 2, 75-82, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1919 . [all data]

Zhao, Li, et al., 2008
Zhao, Y.; Li, J.; Xu, Y.; Duan, H.; Fan, W.; Zhao, G., EXtraction, preparation and identification of volatile compounds in Changyu XO brandy, Chinese J. Chromatogr., 2008, 26, 2, 212-222, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1872-2059(08)60014-0 . [all data]

Dou, Li, et al., 2007
Dou, H.-L.; Li, C.-M.; Gu, H.-F.; Hao, J.-F., Comparative analysis on aromatic components of green tea and fresh green tea beverage using HS-SPME/GC-MS/GC-olfactometry/RI methods, Journal of Tea Science, 2007, 27, 1, 51-60. [all data]

Liu, Xu, et al., 2007
Liu, Y.; Xu, X.-L.; Zhou, G.-H., Comparative study of volatile compounds in traditional Chinese Nanjing marinated duck by different extraction techniques, Int. J. Food Sci. Technol., 2007, 42, 5, 543-550, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2006.01264.x . [all data]

Helsper, Bücking, et al., 2006
Helsper, J.P.F.G.; Bücking, M.; Muresan, S.; Blaas, J.; Wietsma, W.A., Identification of the volatile component(s) causing the characteristic foxy odor in various cultivars of Fritillaria imperialis L. (Liliaceae), J. Agric. Food Chem., 2006, 54, 14, 5087-5091, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0605594 . [all data]

Blunden, Aneja, et al., 2005
Blunden, J.; Aneja, V.P.; Lonneman, W.A., Characterization of non-methane volatile organic compounds at swine facilities in eastern North Carolina, Atm. Environ., 2005, 39, 36, 6707-6718, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.03.053 . [all data]

Judzentiene and Mockute, 2005
Judzentiene, A.; Mockute, D., The inflorescence and leaf essential oils of Tanacetum vulgare L. var. vulgare growing wild in Lithuania, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2005, 33, 5, 487-498, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2004.11.003 . [all data]

Vichi, Pizzale, et al., 2005
Vichi, S.; Pizzale, L.; Conte, L.S.; Buxaderas, S.; L´opez-Tamames, E., Simultaneous determination of volatile and semi-volatile aromatic hydrocarbons in virgin olive oil by headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. A, 2005, 1090, 1-2, 146-154, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2005.07.007 . [all data]

Vinogradov, 2004
Vinogradov, B.A., Production, composition, properties and application of essential oils, 2004, retrieved from http://viness.narod.ru. [all data]

Cornwell and Cordano, 2003
Cornwell, E.; Cordano, G., Nueva proposicion para predecir datos de retencion obtenidos mediante cromatografia de gases de hidrocarburos derivados de las naftas, Revista de la Sociedad Quimica de Mexico, 2003, 47, 1, 38-43. [all data]

Poligne, Collignan, et al., 2002
Poligne, I.; Collignan, A.; Trystram, G., Effects of salting, drying, cooking, and smoking operations on volatile compound formation and collor patterns in pork, Food Eng. Physical Properties, 2002, 67, 8, 2976-2986. [all data]

Cooke, Hassoun, et al., 2001
Cooke, K.M.; Hassoun, S.; Sanders, S.M.; Pilling, M.J., Identification and quantification of volatile organic compounds found in a eucalyptus forest during FIELDVOC'94 in Portugal, Chemosphere Global Change Science, 2001, 3, 3, 249-257, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1465-9972(01)00008-3 . [all data]

Luo and Agnew, 2001
Luo, J.; Agnew, M.P., Gas characteristics before and after biofiltration treating odorous emissions from animal rendering processes, Environ. Technol., 2001, 22, 9, 1091-1103, https://doi.org/10.1080/09593332208618220 . [all data]

Zhu and Wang, 2001
Zhu, X.; Wang, W., The relationship between partition coefficients of hydrocarbons and their retention indices, Acta Scientific Circumstantiae, 2001, 21, 5, 631-633. [all data]

Madruga, Arruda, et al., 2000
Madruga, M.S.; Arruda, S.G.B.; Narain, N.; Souza, J.G., Castration and slaughter age effects on panel assessment and aroma compounds of the mestico goat meat, Meat Sci., 2000, 56, 2, 117-125, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0309-1740(00)00025-5 . [all data]

Spieksma, 1999
Spieksma, W., Determination of vapor liquid equilibrium from the Kovats retention index on dimethylsilicone using the Wilson mixing tool, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr., 1999, 22, 10, 565-588, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1521-4168(19991001)22:10<565::AID-JHRC565>3.0.CO;2-2 . [all data]

Zhu and He, 1999
Zhu, X.; He, L., Derivation of isothermal retention indices from a retention values under multiple-ramp temperature-programmed conditions, J. Instrum. Anal. (Chinese), 1999, 18, 6, 10-12. [all data]

Zenkevich, 1998
Zenkevich, I.G., Non-Traditional Criteria for Gas-Chromatographic and Chromato-Mass-Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds, Zh. Anal. Khim., 1998, 53, 8, 828-835. [all data]

Flanagan, Streete, et al., 1997
Flanagan, R.J.; Streete, P.J.; Ramsey, J.D., Volatile Substance Abuse, UNODC Technical Series, No 5, United Nations, Office on Drugs and Crime, Vienna International Centre, PO Box 500, A-1400 Vienna, Austria, 1997, 56, retrieved from http://www.odccp.org/pdf/technical_series₁997-01-01₁.pdf. [all data]

Mateo and Zumalacárregui, 1996
Mateo, J.; Zumalacárregui, J.M., Volatile compounds in chorizo and their changes during ripening, Meat Sci., 1996, 44, 4, 255-273, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0309-1740(96)00028-9 . [all data]

Peng, 1996
Peng, C.T., Gas chromatographic identification of aromatic hydrocarbons in Liquid Scintillation Spectrometry, Cook, G.T.; Harkness, D.D.; MacKenzie, A.B.; Miller, B.F.; Scott, E.M., ed(s)., 1996, 221-232. [all data]

Xiuhua, Zhang, et al., 1996
Xiuhua, Zh.; Zhang, L.; Che, X., Prediction of the Kovats retention indexes of polysubstituted alkylbenzenes, Chin. J. Chromatogr., 1996, 14, 4, 244-248. [all data]

Xu, Chu, et al., 1995
Xu, X.; Chu, S.; Song, N., Application of chromatographic studies of air pollution in China, J. Chromatogr. A, 1995, 710, 1, 21-37, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(95)00173-K . [all data]

Ciccioli, Cecinato, et al., 1994
Ciccioli, P.; Cecinato, A.; Brancaleoni, E.; Brachetti, A.; Frattoni, M.; Sparapani, R., Composition and Distribution of Polar and Non-Polar VOCs in Urban, Rural, Forest and Remote Areas, Eur Commission EUR, 1994, 549-568. [all data]

Schuberth, 1994
Schuberth, J., Joint use of retention index and mass spectrum in postmortem tests for volatile organics by headspace capillary gas chromatography with ion-trap detection, J. Chromatogr. A, 1994, 674, 1-2, 63-71, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(94)85217-0 . [all data]

Ciccioli, Brancaleoni, et al., 1993
Ciccioli, P.; Brancaleoni, E.; Cecinato, A.; Sparapani, R.; Frattoni, M., Identification and determination of biogenic and anthropogenic volatile organic compounds in forest areas of Northern and Southern Europe and a remote site of the Himalaya region by high-resolution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr., 1993, 643, 1-2, 55-69, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(93)80541-F . [all data]

Hathcock and Bertsch, 1993
Hathcock, S.; Bertsch, W., Analysis of volatiles associated with industrial scale processing of expanded polystyrene. Part II: Identification and quantitation, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr., 1993, 16, 11, 651-659, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240161106 . [all data]

Strete, Ruprah, et al., 1992
Strete, P.J.; Ruprah, M.; Ramsey, J.D.; Flanagan, R.J., Detection and identification of volatile substances by headspace capillary gas chromatography to aid the diagnosis of acute poisoning, Analyst, 1992, 117, 7, 1111-1127, https://doi.org/10.1039/an9921701111 . [all data]

Takeoka, Flath, et al., 1988
Takeoka, G.R.; Flath, R.A.; Güntert, M.; Jennings, W., Nectarine volatiles: vacuum steam distillation versus headspace sampling, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1988, 36, 3, 553-560, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00081a037 . [all data]

Shibamoto, 1987
Shibamoto, T., Retention Indices in Essential Oil Analysis in Capillary Gas Chromatography in Essential Oil Analysis, Sandra, P.; Bicchi, C., ed(s)., Hutchig Verlag, Heidelberg, New York, 1987, 259-274. [all data]

van Langenhove and Schamp, 1986
van Langenhove, H.; Schamp, N., Identification of Volatiles in the Head Space of Acid-Treated Phosphate Rock by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectromety, J. Chromatogr., 1986, 351, 65-75, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)83473-7 . [all data]

Waggott and Davies, 1984
Waggott, A.; Davies, I.W., Identification of organic pollutants using linear temperature programmed retention indices (LTPRIs) - Part II, 1984, retrieved from http://dwi.defra.gov.uk/research/completed-research/reports/dwi0383.pdf. [all data]

Ramsey and Flanagan, 1982
Ramsey, J.D.; Flanagan, R.J., Detection and Identification of Volatile Organic Compounds in Blood by Headspace Gas Chromatography as an Aid to the Diagnosis of Solvent Abuse, J. Chromatogr., 1982, 240, 2, 423-444, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)99622-5 . [all data]

Robinson and Odell, 1971
Robinson, P.G.; Odell, A.L., A system of standard retention indices and its uses. The characterisation of stationary phases and the prediction of retention indices, J. Chromatogr., 1971, 57, 1-10, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(71)80001-8 . [all data]

Sun, Siepmann, et al., 2006
Sun, L.; Siepmann, J.I.; Klotz, W.L.; Schure, M.R., retention in gas-liquid chromatography with a polyethylene oxide stationary phase: molecular simulation and experiment, J. Chromatogr. A, 2006, 1126, 1-2, 373-380, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2006.05.084 . [all data]

Shimadzu, 2003, 2
Shimadzu, Gas chromatography analysis of organic solvents using capillary columns (No. 3), 2003, retrieved from http://www.shimadzu.com/apps/form.cfm. [all data]

Nesterov, Nesterova, et al., 2000
Nesterov, I.A.; Nesterova, T.N.; Pimerzin, A.A.; Tsvetkov, V.S., Thermodynamics of alkylbenzene sorption and evaporation. IV. Enthalpies of evaporation and thermodynamics chracteristics of sorption by stationary phases OV-101 and PEG-40M, Izvestia vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Khimia i khimicheskaia tekhnologia (Chemistry and chemical technology), 2000, 43, 4, 39-45. [all data]

Sutter, Peterson, et al., 1997
Sutter, J.M.; Peterson, T.A.; Jurs, P.C., Prediction of gas chromatographic retention indices of alkylbenzenes, Anal. Chim. Acta., 1997, 342, 2-3, 113-122, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(96)00578-8 . [all data]

Shimadzu, 2012
Shimadzu, Pharmaceutical Related, Analysis of pharmaceutical residual solvent (observation of separation) (1) - GC, 2012, retrieved from www.shimadzu.ru/applications/Applications_pdf/GC/Pharma/Pharmaceutical residual solvents GC.pdf. [all data]

Karlsson, Birgersson, et al., 2009
Karlsson, M.F.; Birgersson, G.; Prado, A.M.C.; Bosa, F.; Bengtsson, M.; Witzgall, P., Plant Odor Analysis of Potato: Responce of Guatemalan Moth to Above- and Background Potato Volatiles, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2009, 57, 13, 5903-5909, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf803730h . [all data]

Soria, Sanz, et al., 2008
Soria, A.C.; Sanz, J.; Martinez-Castro, I., SPME followed by GC-MS: a powerful technique for qualitative analysis of honey volatiles, Eur. Food Res. Technol., 2008, 1-12. [all data]

Rawat, Gulati, et al., 2007
Rawat, R.; Gulati, A.; Babu, G.D.K.; Acharya, R.; Kaul, V.K.; Singh, B., Characterization of volatile components of Kangra orthodox black tea by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Food Chem., 2007, 105, 1, 229-235, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.03.071 . [all data]

Soria, Gonzalez, et al., 2004
Soria, A.C.; Gonzalez, M.; de Lorenzo, C.; Martinez-Castro, I.; Sanza, J., Characterization of artisanal honeys from Madrid (Central Spain) on the basis of their melissopalynological, physicochemical and volatile composition data, Food Chem., 2004, 85, 1, 121-130, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2003.06.012 . [all data]

Tanaka, Yamauchi, et al., 2003
Tanaka, T.; Yamauchi, T.; Katsumata, R.; Kiuchi, K., Comparison of volatile components in commercial Itohiki-Natto by solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography, Nippon Shokuhin Kagaku Kogaku Kaishi, 2003, 50, 6, 278-285, https://doi.org/10.3136/nskkk.50.278 . [all data]

Girard and Durance, 2000
Girard, B.; Durance, T., Headspace volatiles of sockeye and pink salmon as affected by retort process, Food Chem. Toxicol., 2000, 65, 1, 34-39. [all data]

Umano, Hagi, et al., 2000
Umano, K.; Hagi, Y.; Nakahara, K.; Shoji, A.; Shibamoto, T., Volatile chemicals identified in extracts from leaves of Japanese mugwort (Artemisia princeps Pamp.), J. Agric. Food Chem., 2000, 48, 8, 3463-3469, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0001738 . [all data]

Shimoda, Shiratsuchi, et al., 1993
Shimoda, M.; Shiratsuchi, H.; Minegishi, Y.; Osajima, Y., Flavor deterioration of nonfermented coarse-cut sausage during storage. Flavor as a factor of quality for nonfermented sausage. 2, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1993, 41, 6, 946-950, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00030a021 . [all data]

Herain, MRAVEC, et al., 1991
Herain, J.; MRAVEC, D.; SCHNIERER, A., identification of the components of the reaction mixtures from transalkylation of the waste fraction of diisopropylbenzenes by capillary GC and GC-MS, Chem. Listy, 1991, 85, 5, 535-538. [all data]

Vekiari, Orepoulou, et al., 2010
Vekiari, S.A.; Orepoulou, V.; Kourkoutas, Y.; Kamoun, N.; Msallem, M.; Psimouli, V.; Arapoglou, D., Characterization and seasonal variations of the quality of virgin olive oil of the Thoumbolia and Koroneiki varieties from Southern Greece, Grasas y Aceites, 2010, 61, 3, 221-231, https://doi.org/10.3989/gya.108709 . [all data]

Rodrigues, Caldera, et al., 2008
Rodrigues, F.; Caldera, M.; Camara, J.S., development of a dynamic headspace solid-phase microextraction procedure coupled to GC-qMSD for evaluation the chemical profile in alcoholic beverages, Anal. Chim. Acta, 2008, 609, 1, 82-104, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2007.12.041 . [all data]

Soria, Martinez-Castro, et al., 2008
Soria, A.C.; Martinez-Castro, I.; Sanz, J., Some aspects of dynamic headspace analysis of volatile components in honey, Foog Res. International, 2008, 41, 8, 838-848, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2008.07.010 . [all data]

Berard, Bianchi, et al., 2007
Berard, J.; Bianchi, F.; Careri, M.; Chatel, A.; Mangia, A.; Musci, M., Characterization of the volatile fraction and of free fatty acids of Fontina Valle d'Aosta, a protected designation of origin Italian cheese, Food Chem., 2007, 105, 1, 293-300, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.11.041 . [all data]

Narain, Galvao, et al., 2007
Narain, N.; Galvao, M. deS.; Ferreira, D.DaS.; Navarro, D.M.A.F., Flavor biogeneration in Mangaba (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) fruit, BioEng. Campinas, 2007, 1, 1, 25-31. [all data]

Narain, Galvao, et al., 2007, 2
Narain, N.; Galvao, M.S.; Madruga, M.S., Volatile compounds captured through purge and trap technique in caja-umbu (Spondias sp.) fruits during maturation, Food Chem., 2007, 102, 3, 726-731, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.06.003 . [all data]

Vichi, Guadayol, et al., 2007
Vichi, S.; Guadayol, J.M.; Caixach, J.; López-Tamames, E.; Buxaderas, S., Analytical, Nutritional, and Clinical Methods. Comparative study of different extraction techniques for the analysis of virgin olive oil aroma, Food Chem., 2007, 105, 3, 1171-1178, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.02.018 . [all data]

Ivanciuc, Ivanciuc, et al., 2001
Ivanciuc, O.; Ivanciuc, T.; Klein, D.J.; Seitz, W.A.; Balaban, A.T., Quantitative structure-retention relationships for gas chromatographic retention indices of alkylbenzenes with molecular graph descriptors, SAR QSAR Environ. Res., 2001, 11, 5-6, 419-452, https://doi.org/10.1080/10629360108035362 . [all data]

Luning, de Rijk, et al., 1994
Luning, P.A.; de Rijk, T.; Wichers, H.J.; Roozen, J.P., Gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, and sniffing port analyses of volatile compounds of fresh bell peppers (Capsicum annuum) at different ripening stages, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1994, 42, 4, 977-983, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00040a027 . [all data]

Peng, Yang, et al., 1991
Peng, C.T.; Yang, Z.C.; Ding, S.F., Prediction of rentention idexes. II. Structure-retention index relationship on polar columns, J. Chromatogr., 1991, 586, 1, 85-112, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(91)80028-F . [all data]

Williams and Williams, 1998
Williams, P.T.; Williams, E.A., Recycling plastic waste by pyrolysis, J. Inst. Energy, 1998, 71, 81-93. [all data]

Aracil, Font, et al., 2005
Aracil, I.; Font, R.; Conesa, J.A., Semivolatile and volatile compounds from the pyrolysis and combustion of polyvinyl chloride, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 2005, 74, 1-2, 465-478, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2004.09.008 . [all data]

Cheng, Liu, et al., 2005
Cheng, D.-X.; Liu, B.-X.; Sun, Y.-A.; Xie, B.; Zhang, H.-L., rapid analysis of pyrolysis products of cholesterol by GC-MS assited with boiling point - Lee retention index, journal of Instrumental Analysis - Fenxi ceshi xuebao, 2005, 24, 6, 85-88. [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References

• Symbols used in this document:
  

  Cp,gas	Constant pressure heat capacity of gas
  S°gas	Entropy of gas at standard conditions
  T	Temperature
  ΔfH°gas	Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions
  ΔrG°	Free energy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔrH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔrS°	Entropy of reaction at standard conditions

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
• The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database.
• Customer support for NIST Standard Reference Data products.