Safrole

Formula: C₁₀H₁₀O₂
Molecular weight: 162.1852
IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C10H10O2/c1-2-3-8-4-5-9-10(6-8)12-7-11-9/h2,4-6H,1,3,7H2
IUPAC Standard InChIKey: ZMQAAUBTXCXRIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Registry Number: 94-59-7
Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
Other names: 1,3-Benzodioxole, 5-(2-propenyl)-; Benzene, 4-allyl-1,2-(methylenedioxy)-; m-Allylpyrocatechin methylene ether; Allylcatechol methylene ether; Allylpyrocatechol methylene ether; Rhyuno oil; Safrene; Safrol; Safrole MF; Shikimole; Shikomol; 1-Allyl-3,4-(methylenedioxy)benzene; 3,4-(Methylenedioxy)allylbenzene; 4-Allyl-1,2-(methylenedioxy)benzene; 5-Allyl-1,3-benzodioxole; (1,2-(Methylenedioxy)-4-allyl)benzene; 1,3-Benzodioxole, 5-allyl-; 4-Allylpyrocatechol formaldehyde acetal; 5-(2-Propenyl)-1,3-benzodioxole; Benzene, 1,2-methylenedioxy-4-allyl-; Rcra waste number U203; 3-(3,4-Methylenedioxyphenyl)prop-1-ene; 1,3-Benzodioxole, 5-(2-propen-1-yl)-; Allyldioxybenzene methylene ether; NSC 11831
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Phase change data

Go To: Top, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
T_boil	506.2	K	N/A	Aldrich Chemical Company Inc., 1990	BS
T_boil	504.6 to 505.	K	N/A	Buckingham and Donaghy, 1982	BS
T_boil	509.05	K	N/A	Lecat, 1947	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 1. K; TRC
T_boil	509.05	K	N/A	Lecat, 1943	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.4 K; TRC
T_boil	509.1	K	N/A	Lecat, 1927	Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.5 K; TRC

Reduced pressure boiling point

T_boil (K)	Pressure (bar)	Reference	Comment
377.7	0.008	Weast and Grasselli, 1989	BS
377. to 378.	0.008	Buckingham and Donaghy, 1982	BS

Enthalpy of vaporization

Δ_vapH (kJ/mol)	Temperature (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
54.6	351.	A	Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987	Based on data from 336. to 506. K. See also Stull, 1947.; AC

Antoine Equation Parameters

log₁₀(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
P = vapor pressure (bar)
T = temperature (K)

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Temperature (K)	A	B	C	Reference	Comment
336.9 to 506.	5.39932	2627.831	-19.348	Stull, 1947	Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.

In addition to the Thermodynamics Research Center (TRC) data available from this site, much more physical and chemical property data is available from the following TRC products:

Gas Chromatography

Go To: Top, Phase change data, References, Notes

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal

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Column type	Active phase	Temperature (C)	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	SE-30	100.	1264.5	Tudor, 1997	40. m/0.35 mm/0.35 μm
Capillary	PB-1	130.	1275.	Engewald, Knobloch, et al., 1991	Column length: 42. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	BP-1	1262.	Raina, Srivastava, et al., 2002	25. m/0.55 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 5. K/min, 220. C @ 15. min; T_start: 60. C
Capillary	BP-1	1273.	Jain, Srivastava, et al., 2001	25. m/0.55 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 5. K/min, 220. C @ 15. min; T_start: 60. C
Capillary	BP-1	1275.	Raina, Srivastava, et al., 2001	25. m/0.55 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 5. K/min, 220. C @ 15. min; T_start: 60. C
Capillary	SE-54	1285.	Adams, 2000	30. m/0.26 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 246. C
Capillary	DB-5	1286.	Adams, 2000, 2	30. m/0.26 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 246. C
Capillary	DB-5	1285.	Adams, 1999	30. m/0.26 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 246. C
Capillary	DB-5	1285.	Lopes, Kato, et al., 1999	3. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	DB-5	1288.	Lopes, Kato, et al., 1999	3. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	DB-5	1288.	da Silva, Andrade, et al., 1999	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	BP-1	1273.	Ekundayo, Laakso, et al., 1988	H2, 65. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.33 mm; T_end: 220. C

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	BP-1	1257.	Khan, Srivastava, et al., 2003	25. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2; Program: 60C => 5C/min => 220C (5min) => 3C/min => 245 C (5min)
Capillary	BP-1	1257.	Khan, Srivastava, et al., 2002	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, N2; Program: 60 C 5 C/min -> 220 C (5 min) 3 C/min -> 245 C (5 min)
Capillary	DB-5	1283.	Bizzo, Lopes, et al., 2001	Program: not specified
Capillary	DB-5	1281.	Andrade, Santos, et al., 1998	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C => 2C/min => 60C => 4C/min => 260C

Kovats' RI, polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1903.	Gaydou, Randriamiharisoa, et al., 1986	50. m/0.3 mm/0.15 μm, H2, 2. K/min; T_start: 70. C; T_end: 210. C

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	BP-1	1261.	Lesueur, de Rocca Serra, et al., 2007	50. m/0.22 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min, 220. C @ 20. min; T_start: 60. C
Capillary	HP-5MS	1293.2	Zeng, Zhao, et al., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 4. K/min; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 300. C
Capillary	DB-5	1287.	Su, Ho, et al., 2006	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	HP-5MS	1291.4	Zhao C.X., Li, et al., 2006	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 4. K/min; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 300. C
Capillary	DB-1	1289.	bin Jantan, Yalvema, et al., 2005	25. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 60. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 180. C @ 10. min
Capillary	DB-5	1285.	bin Jantan, Yalvema, et al., 2005, 2	25. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 75. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 210. C @ 1. min
Capillary	HP-5MS	1287.	Pino, Mesa, et al., 2005	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min
Capillary	DB-5	1296.	Zhang, Xu, et al., 2005	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 45. C @ 10. min, 2.5 K/min, 180. C @ 20. min
Capillary	DB-5	1286.	Jantan, Ling, et al., 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 75. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 230. C @ 20. min
Capillary	SE-30	1264.	bin Jantan, Ayop, et al., 2002	25. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 60. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 180. C @ 10. min
Capillary	CP Sil 5 CB	1265.	Pino and Marbot, 2001	50. m/0.32 mm/0.4 μm, He, 60. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 280. C @ 60. min
Capillary	CP Sil 8 CB	1288.	Chevance and Farmer, 1999	60. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	1274.	Sumathykutty, Rao, et al., 1999	50. m/0.25 mm/0.17 μm, N2, 2. K/min; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	BP-1	1270.	Tam, An, et al., 1998	50. m/0.22 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min, 220. C @ 20. min; T_start: 60. C

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	5 % Phenyl methyl siloxane	1287.	Sacchetti, Maietti, et al., 2005	30. m/0.32 mm/0.15 μm, He; Program: 45C => 1C/min => 100C => 5C/min => 250C (10min)
Capillary	SE-52	1293.	Mondello, Dugo, et al., 1995	60. m/0.32 mm/0.40 μm, He; Program: 45 C (6 min) 3 C/min -> 111 0C 2 C/min -> 160 C 3 C/min -> 300 C (15 min)

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	BP-20	1874.	Lesueur, de Rocca Serra, et al., 2007	50. m/0.22 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min, 220. C @ 20. min; T_start: 60. C
Capillary	AT-Wax	1865.	Pino and Marbot, 2001	60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 65. C @ 10. min, 2. K/min, 250. C @ 60. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1872.	Brophy, Goldsack, et al., 1999	He, 3. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.53 mm; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 220. C
Capillary	CP-Wax 52CB	1853.	Chevance and Farmer, 1999	60. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
Capillary	CP-Wax 52CB	1854.	Chevance and Farmer, 1999, 2	60. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
Capillary	CP-Wax 52CB	1857.	Chevance and Farmer, 1999, 2	40. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1862.	Mondello, Dugo, et al., 1995	60. m/0.32 mm/0.425 μm, He, 45. C @ 3. min, 3. K/min, 300. C @ 20. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1874.	Shiratsuchi, Shimoda, et al., 1993	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 50. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min, 230. C @ 30. min
Capillary	DB-Wax	1874.	Shiratsuchi, Shimoda, et al., 1993	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 50. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min, 230. C @ 30. min

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	DP-5	1327.	Vijayakumar, Duraipandiyan, et al., 2012	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 80. C @ 1. min, 4. K/min, 300. C @ 40. min
Capillary	DP-5	1327.	Vijayakumar, Duraipandiyan, et al., 2012	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 80. C @ 1. min, 4. K/min, 300. C @ 40. min
Capillary	DB-5	1287.	Ho, Wang, et al., 2010	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 2. K/min; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	DB-5 MS	1287.	Silva, Pott, et al., 2010	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 3. K/min; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	DB-5	1287.	Ho, Wang, et al., 2009	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 50. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min; T_end: 250. C
Capillary	HP-5 MS	1289.	Zhao, Zeng, et al., 2009	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 4. K/min; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 280. C
Capillary	HP-5 MS	1286.	Adams, Beauchamp, et al., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 50. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 230. C @ 10. min
Capillary	DB-5MS	1286.	Da Silva J.K.R., Sousa P.J.C., et al., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	DB-5	1278.	Limberger, Scopel, et al., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 300. C
Capillary	ZB-5	1296.	Mohottalage, Tabacchi, et al., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 60. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 20. min
Capillary	BP-1	1260.	Boti, Muselli, et al., 2006	50. m/0.22 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min, 220. C @ 20. min; T_start: 60. C
Capillary	DB-5	1285.	Pino, Marbot, et al., 2006	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Hydrogen, 70. C @ 4. min, 4. K/min; T_end: 280. C
Capillary	FSOT-RSL-200	1285.	Schmidt, Jirovetz, et al., 2006	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Hydrogen, 40. C @ 5. min, 6. K/min, 280. C @ 5. min
Capillary	CP Sil 5 CB	1267.	Tesso, König, et al., 2006	H2, 3. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_start: 50. C; T_end: 230. C
Capillary	SPB-5	1285.	Pino, Marbot, et al., 2005	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min
Capillary	DB-1	1289.	bin Jantan, Ayop, et al., 2004	25. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 60. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 180. C @ 10. min
Capillary	HP-5	1287.	Simic, Sokovic, et al., 2004	25. m/0.32 mm/0.52 μm, H2, 4. K/min; T_start: 40. C; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	DB-5	1287.	Tirillini, Pellegrino, et al., 2004	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 300. C
Capillary	DB-5	1286.	da Silva, Luz, et al., 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	DB-5MS	1284.	Taveira, de Lima, et al., 2003	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	RSL-200	1280.	Jirovetz, Buchbauer, et al., 2002	30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, H2, 40. C @ 5. min, 6. K/min, 280. C @ 5. min
Capillary	DB-5	1286.	Maia, da Silva, et al., 2002	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	DB-5MS	1287.	Maia, Zoghbi, et al., 2002	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	DB-5	1287.	Zoghbi, Andrade, et al., 2002	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	DB-5	1290.	Maia, Zoghbi, et al., 2000	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	SE-30	1286.	Ali N.A.M. and Jantan, 1999	He, 3. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 230. C
Capillary	SPB-1	1264.	Choo, Wong, et al., 1999	50. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, 4. K/min; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 260. C
Capillary	HP-1	1267.	Lopes, Koketsu, et al., 1999	25. m/0.32 mm/0.17 μm, H2, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; T_end: 260. C
Capillary	OV-101	1295.	Menon, Chacko, et al., 1999	N2, 1. K/min, 200. C @ 20. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; T_start: 80. C
Capillary	DB-5	1291.	Meynier, Novelli, et al., 1999	30. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	SE-30	1286.	Mohd and Jantan, 1999	He, 60. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; T_end: 230. C
Capillary	DB-5MS	1290.	Zoghbi, Andrade, et al., 1999	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	DB-5	1285.	Maia, Zohhbi, et al., 1998	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	HP-1	1259.	Thanh, Dung, et al., 1996	25. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 60. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 20. min
Capillary	OV-101	1278.	Egolf and Jurs, 1993	2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm; T_start: 80. C; T_end: 200. C
Capillary	CP Sil 8 CB	1293.	Jantan and Goh, 1990	60. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm; T_end: 230. C

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	RTX-5	1289.	Zachariah, Leela, et al., 2008	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 60 0C (5 min) 5 0C/min -> 110 0C 3 0C/min -> 220 0C (5 min)
Capillary	RTX-5	1287.	Zachariah, Leela, et al., 2008	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
Capillary	HP-5MS	1283.	Cole, Haber, et al., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(10min) => 3C/min => 200C => 2C/min => 220C
Capillary	SE-52	1287.	Tognolini, Barocelli, et al., 2006	30. m/0.32 mm/0.15 μm, He; Program: 45C => 1C/min => 100C => 5C/min => 250C (10min)
Capillary	SE-30	1278.	Vinogradov, 2004	Program: not specified
Capillary	HP-5MS	1287.	Ansorena, Gimeno, et al., 2001	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C (10min) => 3C/min => 120C => 10C/min => 250C (5min)
Capillary	DB-5	1284.	Andrade, Maia, et al., 2000	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C => 2C/min => 60C => 4C/min => 260C
Capillary	CP Sil 5 CB	1267.	Weyerstahl, Marschall, et al., 1999	25. m/0.25 mm/0.39 μm, N2; Program: not specified
Capillary	CP Sil 5 CB	1269.	Weyerstahl, Marschall, et al., 1998	N2; Column length: 25. m; Program: not specified
Capillary	Methyl Silicone	1266.	Grundschober, 1991	Program: not specified
Capillary	OV-101	1278.	Shibamoto, 1987	Program: not specified

Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	BP-20	1872.	Boti, Muselli, et al., 2006	50. m/0.22 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min, 220. C @ 20. min; T_start: 60. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1863.	Lee, Umano, et al., 2005	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min, 180. C @ 40. min; T_start: 50. C
Capillary	Supelcowax-10	1871.	Choo, Wong, et al., 1999	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 4. K/min; T_start: 60. C; T_end: 220. C
Capillary	TC-Wax	1885.	Shuichi, Masazumi, et al., 1996	80. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; T_end: 240. C
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1876.	Egolf and Jurs, 1993	2. K/min; Column length: 80. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; T_start: 70. C; T_end: 170. C
Capillary	DB-Wax	1873.	Shimoda, Shiratsuchi, et al., 1993	60. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; T_end: 230. C

Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	PEG-20M Innowax	1878.	Wang, Tian, et al., 2013	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Nitrogen; Program: 50 0C (7 min) 20 0C/min -> 130 0C (1 min) 1 0C/min -> 150 0C 8 0C/min -> 190 0C (5 min)
Capillary	DB-Wax	1863.	Tian, Zhang, et al., 2007	30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 50 0C (2 min) 6 0C/min -> 150 0C 8 0C/min -> 230 0C (15 min)
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1876.	Vinogradov, 2004	Program: not specified
Capillary	Polyethylene Glycol	1869.	Grundschober, 1991	Program: not specified
Capillary	Carbowax 20M	1876.	Shibamoto, 1987	Program: not specified

Lee's RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type	Active phase	I	Reference	Comment
Capillary	DB-5MS	218.98	Chen, Keeran, et al., 2002	30. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, 40. C @ 1. min, 10. K/min; T_end: 310. C
Capillary	DB-5MS	219.88	Chen, Keeran, et al., 2002	30. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, 40. C @ 1. min, 4. K/min; T_end: 310. C

References

Go To: Top, Phase change data, Gas Chromatography, Notes

Aldrich Chemical Company Inc., 1990
Aldrich Chemical Company Inc., Catalog Handbook of Fine Chemicals, Aldrich Chemical Company, Inc., Milwaukee WI, 1990, 1. [all data]

Buckingham and Donaghy, 1982
Buckingham, J.; Donaghy, S.M., Dictionary of Organic Compounds: Fifth Edition, Chapman and Hall, New York, 1982, 1. [all data]

Lecat, 1947
Lecat, M., Some azeotropes of which one constituant is heterocyclic nitrogen, Ann. Soc. Sci. Bruxelles, Ser. 1, 1947, 61, 73. [all data]

Lecat, 1943
Lecat, M., Azeotropes of Ethyl Urethane and other Azeotropes, C. R. Hebd. Seances Acad. Sci., 1943, 217, 273. [all data]

Lecat, 1927
Lecat, M., New binary azeotropes: 6th list, Ann. Soc. Sci. Bruxelles, Ser. B, 1927, 47, 63-71. [all data]

Weast and Grasselli, 1989
CRC Handbook of Data on Organic Compounds, 2nd Editon, Weast,R.C and Grasselli, J.G., ed(s)., CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 1989, 1. [all data]

Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
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Notes

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Symbols used in this document:

T_boil Boiling point

Δ_vapH Enthalpy of vaporization
Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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