Safrole

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Phase change data

Go To: Top, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tboil506.2KN/AAldrich Chemical Company Inc., 1990BS
Tboil504.6 to 505.KN/ABuckingham and Donaghy, 1982BS
Tboil509.05KN/ALecat, 1947Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 1. K; TRC
Tboil509.05KN/ALecat, 1943Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.4 K; TRC
Tboil509.1KN/ALecat, 1927Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.5 K; TRC

Reduced pressure boiling point

Tboil (K) Pressure (bar) Reference Comment
377.70.008Weast and Grasselli, 1989BS
377. to 378.0.008Buckingham and Donaghy, 1982BS

Enthalpy of vaporization

ΔvapH (kJ/mol) Temperature (K) Method Reference Comment
54.6351.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 336. to 506. K. See also Stull, 1947.; AC

Antoine Equation Parameters

log10(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (bar)
    T = temperature (K)

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Temperature (K) A B C Reference Comment
336.9 to 506.5.399322627.831-19.348Stull, 1947Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.

In addition to the Thermodynamics Research Center (TRC) data available from this site, much more physical and chemical property data is available from the following TRC products:


Gas Chromatography

Go To: Top, Phase change data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal

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Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
CapillarySE-30100.1264.5Tudor, 199740. m/0.35 mm/0.35 μm
CapillaryPB-1130.1275.Engewald, Knobloch, et al., 1991Column length: 42. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryBP-11262.Raina, Srivastava, et al., 200225. m/0.55 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 5. K/min, 220. C @ 15. min; Tstart: 60. C
CapillaryBP-11273.Jain, Srivastava, et al., 200125. m/0.55 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 5. K/min, 220. C @ 15. min; Tstart: 60. C
CapillaryBP-11275.Raina, Srivastava, et al., 200125. m/0.55 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 5. K/min, 220. C @ 15. min; Tstart: 60. C
CapillarySE-541285.Adams, 200030. m/0.26 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 246. C
CapillaryDB-51286.Adams, 2000, 230. m/0.26 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 246. C
CapillaryDB-51285.Adams, 199930. m/0.26 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 246. C
CapillaryDB-51285.Lopes, Kato, et al., 19993. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryDB-51288.Lopes, Kato, et al., 19993. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryDB-51288.da Silva, Andrade, et al., 199930. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryBP-11273.Ekundayo, Laakso, et al., 1988H2, 65. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.33 mm; Tend: 220. C

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryBP-11257.Khan, Srivastava, et al., 200325. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2; Program: 60C => 5C/min => 220C (5min) => 3C/min => 245 C (5min)
CapillaryBP-11257.Khan, Srivastava, et al., 200230. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, N2; Program: 60 C 5 C/min -> 220 C (5 min) 3 C/min -> 245 C (5 min)
CapillaryDB-51283.Bizzo, Lopes, et al., 2001Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-51281.Andrade, Santos, et al., 199830. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C => 2C/min => 60C => 4C/min => 260C

Kovats' RI, polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryCarbowax 20M1903.Gaydou, Randriamiharisoa, et al., 198650. m/0.3 mm/0.15 μm, H2, 2. K/min; Tstart: 70. C; Tend: 210. C

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryBP-11261.Lesueur, de Rocca Serra, et al., 200750. m/0.22 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min, 220. C @ 20. min; Tstart: 60. C
CapillaryHP-5MS1293.2Zeng, Zhao, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 4. K/min; Tstart: 80. C; Tend: 300. C
CapillaryDB-51287.Su, Ho, et al., 200630. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryHP-5MS1291.4Zhao C.X., Li, et al., 200630. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 4. K/min; Tstart: 80. C; Tend: 300. C
CapillaryDB-11289.bin Jantan, Yalvema, et al., 200525. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 60. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 180. C @ 10. min
CapillaryDB-51285.bin Jantan, Yalvema, et al., 2005, 225. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 75. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 210. C @ 1. min
CapillaryHP-5MS1287.Pino, Mesa, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min
CapillaryDB-51296.Zhang, Xu, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 45. C @ 10. min, 2.5 K/min, 180. C @ 20. min
CapillaryDB-51286.Jantan, Ling, et al., 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 75. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 230. C @ 20. min
CapillarySE-301264.bin Jantan, Ayop, et al., 200225. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 60. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 180. C @ 10. min
CapillaryCP Sil 5 CB1265.Pino and Marbot, 200150. m/0.32 mm/0.4 μm, He, 60. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 280. C @ 60. min
CapillaryCP Sil 8 CB1288.Chevance and Farmer, 199960. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillaryMethyl Silicone1274.Sumathykutty, Rao, et al., 199950. m/0.25 mm/0.17 μm, N2, 2. K/min; Tstart: 80. C; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryBP-11270.Tam, An, et al., 199850. m/0.22 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min, 220. C @ 20. min; Tstart: 60. C

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
Capillary5 % Phenyl methyl siloxane1287.Sacchetti, Maietti, et al., 200530. m/0.32 mm/0.15 μm, He; Program: 45C => 1C/min => 100C => 5C/min => 250C (10min)
CapillarySE-521293.Mondello, Dugo, et al., 199560. m/0.32 mm/0.40 μm, He; Program: 45 C (6 min) 3 C/min -> 111 0C 2 C/min -> 160 C 3 C/min -> 300 C (15 min)

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryBP-201874.Lesueur, de Rocca Serra, et al., 200750. m/0.22 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min, 220. C @ 20. min; Tstart: 60. C
CapillaryAT-Wax1865.Pino and Marbot, 200160. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 65. C @ 10. min, 2. K/min, 250. C @ 60. min
CapillaryDB-Wax1872.Brophy, Goldsack, et al., 1999He, 3. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.53 mm; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 220. C
CapillaryCP-Wax 52CB1853.Chevance and Farmer, 199960. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillaryCP-Wax 52CB1854.Chevance and Farmer, 1999, 260. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillaryCP-Wax 52CB1857.Chevance and Farmer, 1999, 240. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillaryCarbowax 20M1862.Mondello, Dugo, et al., 199560. m/0.32 mm/0.425 μm, He, 45. C @ 3. min, 3. K/min, 300. C @ 20. min
CapillaryDB-Wax1874.Shiratsuchi, Shimoda, et al., 199360. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 50. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min, 230. C @ 30. min
CapillaryDB-Wax1874.Shiratsuchi, Shimoda, et al., 199360. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 50. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min, 230. C @ 30. min

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDP-51327.Vijayakumar, Duraipandiyan, et al., 201230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 80. C @ 1. min, 4. K/min, 300. C @ 40. min
CapillaryDP-51327.Vijayakumar, Duraipandiyan, et al., 201230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 80. C @ 1. min, 4. K/min, 300. C @ 40. min
CapillaryDB-51287.Ho, Wang, et al., 201030. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 2. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryDB-5 MS1287.Silva, Pott, et al., 201030. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 3. K/min; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryDB-51287.Ho, Wang, et al., 200930. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 50. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryHP-5 MS1289.Zhao, Zeng, et al., 200930. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 4. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 280. C
CapillaryHP-5 MS1286.Adams, Beauchamp, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 50. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 230. C @ 10. min
CapillaryDB-5MS1286.Da Silva J.K.R., Sousa P.J.C., et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryDB-51278.Limberger, Scopel, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 300. C
CapillaryZB-51296.Mohottalage, Tabacchi, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 60. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 20. min
CapillaryBP-11260.Boti, Muselli, et al., 200650. m/0.22 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min, 220. C @ 20. min; Tstart: 60. C
CapillaryDB-51285.Pino, Marbot, et al., 200630. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Hydrogen, 70. C @ 4. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 280. C
CapillaryFSOT-RSL-2001285.Schmidt, Jirovetz, et al., 200630. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Hydrogen, 40. C @ 5. min, 6. K/min, 280. C @ 5. min
CapillaryCP Sil 5 CB1267.Tesso, König, et al., 2006H2, 3. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 230. C
CapillarySPB-51285.Pino, Marbot, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min
CapillaryDB-11289.bin Jantan, Ayop, et al., 200425. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 60. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 180. C @ 10. min
CapillaryHP-51287.Simic, Sokovic, et al., 200425. m/0.32 mm/0.52 μm, H2, 4. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryDB-51287.Tirillini, Pellegrino, et al., 200430. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 300. C
CapillaryDB-51286.da Silva, Luz, et al., 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryDB-5MS1284.Taveira, de Lima, et al., 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryRSL-2001280.Jirovetz, Buchbauer, et al., 200230. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, H2, 40. C @ 5. min, 6. K/min, 280. C @ 5. min
CapillaryDB-51286.Maia, da Silva, et al., 200230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryDB-5MS1287.Maia, Zoghbi, et al., 200230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryDB-51287.Zoghbi, Andrade, et al., 200230. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryDB-51290.Maia, Zoghbi, et al., 200030. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 240. C
CapillarySE-301286.Ali N.A.M. and Jantan, 1999He, 3. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 230. C
CapillarySPB-11264.Choo, Wong, et al., 199950. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, 4. K/min; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 260. C
CapillaryHP-11267.Lopes, Koketsu, et al., 199925. m/0.32 mm/0.17 μm, H2, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 260. C
CapillaryOV-1011295.Menon, Chacko, et al., 1999N2, 1. K/min, 200. C @ 20. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Tstart: 80. C
CapillaryDB-51291.Meynier, Novelli, et al., 199930. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 200. C
CapillarySE-301286.Mohd and Jantan, 1999He, 60. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Tend: 230. C
CapillaryDB-5MS1290.Zoghbi, Andrade, et al., 199930. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryDB-51285.Maia, Zohhbi, et al., 199830. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryHP-11259.Thanh, Dung, et al., 199625. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 60. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 20. min
CapillaryOV-1011278.Egolf and Jurs, 19932. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm; Tstart: 80. C; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryCP Sil 8 CB1293.Jantan and Goh, 199060. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm; Tend: 230. C

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryRTX-51289.Zachariah, Leela, et al., 200830. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 60 0C (5 min) 5 0C/min -> 110 0C 3 0C/min -> 220 0C (5 min)
CapillaryRTX-51287.Zachariah, Leela, et al., 200830. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
CapillaryHP-5MS1283.Cole, Haber, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C(10min) => 3C/min => 200C => 2C/min => 220C
CapillarySE-521287.Tognolini, Barocelli, et al., 200630. m/0.32 mm/0.15 μm, He; Program: 45C => 1C/min => 100C => 5C/min => 250C (10min)
CapillarySE-301278.Vinogradov, 2004Program: not specified
CapillaryHP-5MS1287.Ansorena, Gimeno, et al., 200130. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C (10min) => 3C/min => 120C => 10C/min => 250C (5min)
CapillaryDB-51284.Andrade, Maia, et al., 200030. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C => 2C/min => 60C => 4C/min => 260C
CapillaryCP Sil 5 CB1267.Weyerstahl, Marschall, et al., 199925. m/0.25 mm/0.39 μm, N2; Program: not specified
CapillaryCP Sil 5 CB1269.Weyerstahl, Marschall, et al., 1998N2; Column length: 25. m; Program: not specified
CapillaryMethyl Silicone1266.Grundschober, 1991Program: not specified
CapillaryOV-1011278.Shibamoto, 1987Program: not specified

Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryBP-201872.Boti, Muselli, et al., 200650. m/0.22 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min, 220. C @ 20. min; Tstart: 60. C
CapillaryDB-Wax1863.Lee, Umano, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 3. K/min, 180. C @ 40. min; Tstart: 50. C
CapillarySupelcowax-101871.Choo, Wong, et al., 199930. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 4. K/min; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 220. C
CapillaryTC-Wax1885.Shuichi, Masazumi, et al., 199680. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryCarbowax 20M1876.Egolf and Jurs, 19932. K/min; Column length: 80. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Tstart: 70. C; Tend: 170. C
CapillaryDB-Wax1873.Shimoda, Shiratsuchi, et al., 199360. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; Tend: 230. C

Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryPEG-20M Innowax1878.Wang, Tian, et al., 201330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Nitrogen; Program: 50 0C (7 min) 20 0C/min -> 130 0C (1 min) 1 0C/min -> 150 0C 8 0C/min -> 190 0C (5 min)
CapillaryDB-Wax1863.Tian, Zhang, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 50 0C (2 min) 6 0C/min -> 150 0C 8 0C/min -> 230 0C (15 min)
CapillaryCarbowax 20M1876.Vinogradov, 2004Program: not specified
CapillaryPolyethylene Glycol1869.Grundschober, 1991Program: not specified
CapillaryCarbowax 20M1876.Shibamoto, 1987Program: not specified

Lee's RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-5MS218.98Chen, Keeran, et al., 200230. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, 40. C @ 1. min, 10. K/min; Tend: 310. C
CapillaryDB-5MS219.88Chen, Keeran, et al., 200230. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, 40. C @ 1. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 310. C

References

Go To: Top, Phase change data, Gas Chromatography, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Aldrich Chemical Company Inc., 1990
Aldrich Chemical Company Inc., Catalog Handbook of Fine Chemicals, Aldrich Chemical Company, Inc., Milwaukee WI, 1990, 1. [all data]

Buckingham and Donaghy, 1982
Buckingham, J.; Donaghy, S.M., Dictionary of Organic Compounds: Fifth Edition, Chapman and Hall, New York, 1982, 1. [all data]

Lecat, 1947
Lecat, M., Some azeotropes of which one constituant is heterocyclic nitrogen, Ann. Soc. Sci. Bruxelles, Ser. 1, 1947, 61, 73. [all data]

Lecat, 1943
Lecat, M., Azeotropes of Ethyl Urethane and other Azeotropes, C. R. Hebd. Seances Acad. Sci., 1943, 217, 273. [all data]

Lecat, 1927
Lecat, M., New binary azeotropes: 6th list, Ann. Soc. Sci. Bruxelles, Ser. B, 1927, 47, 63-71. [all data]

Weast and Grasselli, 1989
CRC Handbook of Data on Organic Compounds, 2nd Editon, Weast,R.C and Grasselli, J.G., ed(s)., CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 1989, 1. [all data]

Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw, Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2 . [all data]

Stull, 1947
Stull, Daniel R., Vapor Pressure of Pure Substances. Organic and Inorganic Compounds, Ind. Eng. Chem., 1947, 39, 4, 517-540, https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50448a022 . [all data]

Tudor, 1997
Tudor, E., Temperature dependence of the retention index for perfumery compounds on a SE-30 glass capillary column. I. Linear equations, J. Chromatogr. A, 1997, 779, 1-2, 287-297, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(97)00453-6 . [all data]

Engewald, Knobloch, et al., 1991
Engewald, W.; Knobloch, T.; Haufe, G.; Muller, M.; Pohris, V., A Novel Method for Terpene Pattern Determination of Essential Oils by Selectivity Tuning in GC, Fresenius' J. Anal. Chem., 1991, 341, 10, 641-643, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00322279 . [all data]

Raina, Srivastava, et al., 2002
Raina, V.K.; Srivastava, S.K.; Jain, N.; Ahmad, A.; Syamasundar, K.V.; Aggarwal, K.K., Essential oil composition of Curcuma longa L. cv. Roma from the plains of northern India, Flavour Fragr. J., 2002, 17, 2, 99-102, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1053 . [all data]

Jain, Srivastava, et al., 2001
Jain, N.; Srivastava, S.K.; Aggarwal, K.K.; Ramesh, S.; Kumar, S., Essential oil composition of Zanthoxylum alatum seeds from northern India, Flavour Fragr. J., 2001, 16, 6, 408-410, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1024 . [all data]

Raina, Srivastava, et al., 2001
Raina, V.K.; Srivastava, S.K.; Aggarwal, K.K.; Ramesh, S.; Kumar, S., Essential oil composition of Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume leaves from Little Andaman, India, Flavour Fragr. J., 2001, 16, 5, 374-376, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1016 . [all data]

Adams, 2000
Adams, R.P., Systematics of smooth leaf margin Juniperus of the western hemisphere based on leaf essential oils and RAPD DNA fingerprinting, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2000, 28, 2, 149-162, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-1978(99)00047-2 . [all data]

Adams, 2000, 2
Adams, R.P., The serrate leaf margined Juniperus (Section Sabina) of the western hemisphere: systematics and evolution based on leaf essential oils and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2000, 28, 10, 975-989, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-1978(00)00022-3 . [all data]

Adams, 1999
Adams, R.P., Systematics of multi-seeded eastern hemisphere Juniperus based on leaf essential oils and RAPD DNA fingerprinting, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 1999, 27, 7, 709-725, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-1978(99)00016-2 . [all data]

Lopes, Kato, et al., 1999
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Notes

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