Benzene, 1-ethyl-3,5-dimethyl-

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Phase change data

Go To: Top, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tboil456.8 ± 0.1KAVGN/AAverage of 14 out of 15 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tfus188.79KN/AStreiff, Hulme, et al., 1955Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.06 K; TRC
Tfus188.79KN/AStreiff, Hulme, et al., 1955Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.04 K; TRC
Tfus188.82KN/AStreiff, Hulme, et al., 1955Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.03 K; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δvap12.5kcal/molN/AReid, 1972AC

Enthalpy of vaporization

ΔvapH (kcal/mol) Temperature (K) Method Reference Comment
11.5351.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 336. to 487. K.; AC
11.4310.N/AStull, 1947Based on data from 295. to 456. K.; AC

In addition to the Thermodynamics Research Center (TRC) data available from this site, much more physical and chemical property data is available from the following TRC products:


Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

Go To: Top, Phase change data, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

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Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce
on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
NIST MS number 20917

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Gas Chromatography

Go To: Top, Phase change data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
CapillaryOV-1100.1050.0Zhu, Zhang, et al., 1999Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillaryCP Sil 280.1052.2Estel, Mohnke, et al., 1995100. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm
CapillaryOV-1100.1048.5Matisová and Kurán, 199052. m/0.25 mm/0.38 μm, N2
CapillaryOV-1100.1048.2Matisová and Kurán, 199052. m/0.25 mm/0.38 μm, H2
CapillaryPONA100.1049.1Matisová and Kurán, 199050. m/0.2 mm/0.5 μm, H2
CapillaryOV-101100.1048.Matisová, Kovacicová, et al., 1989He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm
CapillaryOV-101120.1053.Matisová, Moravcová, et al., 1988N2; Column length: 278. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillaryApolane120.1073.Matisová, Moravcová, et al., 1988N2; Column length: 200. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillaryOV-101100.1048.Matisová, Rukríglová, et al., 1988H2; Column length: 278. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillaryOV-101100.1048.Matisová, Rukríglová, et al., 1988H2; Column length: 278. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillaryOV-101100.1050.Matisová, Rukríglová, et al., 1988H2; Column length: 278. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillaryOV-101100.1050.Matisová, Rukríglová, et al., 1988H2; Column length: 278. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySE-3070.1042.6Tóth, 1983N2; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySE-3065.1042.7Kuchhal, Kumar, et al., 1980 
CapillarySqualane80.1043.5Kuchhal, Kumar, et al., 1980Column length: 45.7 m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane86.1046.1Nabivach and Kirilenko, 1979N2; Column length: 50. m
CapillarySqualane80.1043.46Soják and Rijks, 1976H2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSE-30120.1069.Mitra, Mohan, et al., 1974N2, Chrom W; Column length: 6.1 m
PackedSE-30130.1074.Mitra, Mohan, et al., 1974N2, Chrom W; Column length: 6.1 m
PackedSE-30140.1079.Mitra, Mohan, et al., 1974N2, Chrom W; Column length: 6.1 m
CapillarySE-30130.1073.Mitra, Mohan, et al., 1974, 2H2; Column length: 6.1 m; Column diameter: 3.18 mm
CapillarySE-30140.1080.Mitra, Mohan, et al., 1974, 2H2; Column length: 6.1 m; Column diameter: 3.18 mm
CapillarySE-30150.1085.Mitra, Mohan, et al., 1974, 2H2; Column length: 6.1 m; Column diameter: 3.18 mm
CapillarySE-30160.1089.Mitra, Mohan, et al., 1974, 2H2; Column length: 6.1 m; Column diameter: 3.18 mm
CapillarySE-3065.1042.7Svob and Deur-Siftar, 1974He; Column length: 25.5 m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm
CapillarySqualane100.1048.2Svob and Deur-Siftar, 1974He; Column length: 10.5 m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-51058.2Wang, Fingas, et al., 199430. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 2. min, 6. K/min; Tend: 300. C
CapillaryOV-1011043.Hayes and Pitzer, 1982110. m/0.25 mm/0.20 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 35. C; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryApiezon L1076.Louis, 1971N2, 1. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tstart: 60. C

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryPetrocol DH-1001049.75Haagen-Smit Laboratory, 1997He; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Program: 5C(10min) => 5C/min => 50C(48min) => 1.5C/min => 195C(91min)

Kovats' RI, polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
CapillaryPEG-20M70.1319.8Tóth, 1983N2; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm
CapillaryCarbowax 20M90.1297.0Kuchhal, Kumar, et al., 1980 
CapillaryCarbowax 20M90.1325.9Döring, Estel, et al., 1974Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm
CapillaryCarbowax 20M90.1297.0Döring, Estel, et al., 1974Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryHP-5MS1074.Kallio, Jussila, et al., 200620. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 60. C @ 4. min, 5. K/min, 240. C @ 15. min
CapillaryPetrocol DH1049.6Censullo, Jones, et al., 200350. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 35. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 200. C @ 10. min
CapillaryPONA1041.3Martos, Saraullo, et al., 199750. m/0.2 mm/0.5 μm, 35. C @ 0.5 min, 1. K/min, 220. C @ 8. min
CapillaryPONA1041.9Martos, Saraullo, et al., 199750. m/0.2 mm/0.5 μm, 35. C @ 0.5 min, 1. K/min, 220. C @ 8. min
CapillaryPetrocol DH1044.03White, Douglas, et al., 1992100. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 220. C
CapillaryPetrocol DH1044.15White, Douglas, et al., 1992100. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 220. C
CapillaryPetrocol DH1044.White, Hackett, et al., 1992100. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 220. C
CapillaryUltra-11040.64Haynes and Pitzer, 198550. m/0.22 mm/0.33 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: -30. C; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryUltra-11043.33Haynes and Pitzer, 198550. m/0.22 mm/0.33 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: -30. C; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryUltra-11045.32Haynes and Pitzer, 198550. m/0.22 mm/0.33 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: -30. C; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryUltra-21056.96Haynes and Pitzer, 198550. m/0.22 mm/0.33 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: -30. C; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryUltra-21060.10Haynes and Pitzer, 198550. m/0.22 mm/0.33 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: -30. C; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryUltra-21062.45Haynes and Pitzer, 198550. m/0.22 mm/0.33 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: -30. C; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryOV-1011043.Hayes and Pitzer, 1981108. m/0.25 mm/0.2 μm, 1. K/min; Tstart: 35. C; Tend: 200. C

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryCP-Wax 52CB1319.Alasalvar, Taylor, et al., 200560. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 35. C @ 4. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 203. C
CapillaryCP-Wax 52CB1347.Chevance and Farmer, 199960. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
CapillarySE-30100.1049.Vodenkova, Leol'ko, et al., 2005He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillaryOV-101100.1048.Tian, 1993Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm
CapillaryOV-101120.1053.Tian, 1993Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm
CapillarySqualane110.1051.Papazova and Pankova, 1975N2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxane: CP-Sil 5 CB1049.Bramston-Cook, 201360. m/0.25 mm/1.0 μm, Helium, 45. C @ 1.45 min, 3.6 K/min, 210. C @ 2.72 min
CapillaryPetrocol DH1048.Supelco, 2012100. m/0.25 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 20. C @ 15. min, 15. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min
CapillaryVF-5 MS1057.Leffingwell and Alford, 201160. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 2. K/min, 260. C @ 28. min; Tstart: 30. C
CapillaryVF-5 MS1061.Leffingwell and Alford, 201160. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 2. K/min, 260. C @ 28. min; Tstart: 30. C
CapillaryHP-51065.9Wang and Fingas, 199530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 2. min, 10. K/min, 300. C @ 10. min
CapillaryCP Sil 5 CB1042.Hartgers, Damste, et al., 199225. m/0.32 mm/0.45 μm, He, 0. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 320. C @ 10. min
CapillaryOV-1011045.Zenkevich and Ventura, 1991Helium, 50. C @ 0. min, 5. K/min, 240. C @ 0. min; Column length: 54. m; Column diameter: 0.26 mm
CapillaryOV-11044.1Durand, Boscher, et al., 198750. m/0.2 mm/0.52 μm, He, 35. C @ 10. min, 1.1 K/min; Tend: 150. C

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryHP-51058.Zhao, Li, et al., 200830. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 40 0C (2 min) 5 0C/min -> 80 0C 7 oC/min -> 160 0C 9 0C/min -> 200 0C 20 0C/min -> 280 0C (10 min)
CapillaryHP-51058.Zhao, Li, et al., 200830. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: not specified
CapillaryHP-5MS1059.Vichi, Pizzale, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 40C(3min) => 4C/min => 75C => 8C/min => 250C
CapillaryPolymethylsiloxane, (PMS-20000)1043.Cornwell and Cordano, 2003Program: not specified
CapillaryMethyl Silicone1050.Spieksma, 1999Program: not specified
CapillarySE-301043.Xiuhua, Zhang, et al., 1996Program: not specified
CapillarySE-301046.Xiuhua, Zhang, et al., 1996Program: not specified
CapillaryOV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc.1043.Waggott and Davies, 1984Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
CapillaryOV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc.1044.Waggott and Davies, 1984Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified

Normal alkane RI, polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
CapillaryCarbowax 20M90.1297.Sutter, Peterson, et al., 1997 

Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-Wax1321.Umano, Hagi, et al., 200060. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min; Tend: 200. C

Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillarySupelcowax-101309.Vichi, Pizzale, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 40C(3min) => 4C/min => 75C => 8C/min => 250C
CapillaryCarbowax 20M1320.Cornwell and Cordano, 2003Program: not specified
CapillaryCarbowax 20M1297.Ivanciuc, Ivanciuc, et al., 2001Program: not specified
CapillaryPEG-20M1320.Xiuhua, Zhang, et al., 1996Program: not specified

References

Go To: Top, Phase change data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Streiff, Hulme, et al., 1955
Streiff, A.J.; Hulme, A.R.; Cowie, P.A.; Krouskop, N.C.; Rossini, F.D., Purification, Purity, and Freezing Points of Sixty-four American Petroleum Institute Standard and Research Hydrocarbons, Anal. Chem., 1955, 27, 411. [all data]

Reid, 1972
Reid, Robert C., Handbook on vapor pressure and heats of vaporization of hydrocarbons and related compounds, R. C. Wilhort and B. J. Zwolinski, Texas A Research Foundation. College Station, Texas(1971). 329 pages.$10.00, AIChE J., 1972, 18, 6, 1278-1278, https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180637 . [all data]

Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw, Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2 . [all data]

Stull, 1947
Stull, Daniel R., Vapor Pressure of Pure Substances. Organic and Inorganic Compounds, Ind. Eng. Chem., 1947, 39, 4, 517-540, https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50448a022 . [all data]

Zhu, Zhang, et al., 1999
Zhu, X.; Zhang, L.; Chen, J.; Wang, L.; Che, X., The application quantitative structure-retention relationship of GC to aid MS qualitative analysis, Chin. J. Chromatogr., 1999, 17, 4, 351-353. [all data]

Estel, Mohnke, et al., 1995
Estel, D.; Mohnke; Biermans; Rotzsche, The analysis of C4-C11 hydrocarbons in naphtha and reformate with a new apolar fused silica column, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr., 1995, 18, 7, 403-412, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240180703 . [all data]

Matisová and Kurán, 1990
Matisová, E.; Kurán, P., Reproducibility of retention indices measurement of alkylbenzenes on crosslinked methyl silicone phase fused silica capillaries, Chromatographia, 1990, 30, 5/6, 328-332, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02319717 . [all data]

Matisová, Kovacicová, et al., 1989
Matisová, E.; Kovacicová, E.; Ha, P.T.; Kolek, E.; Engewald, W., Identification of alkylbenzenes up to C12 by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. II. Retention indices on OV-101 columns and retention-molecular structure correlations, J. Chromatogr., 1989, 475, 2, 113-123, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)89667-9 . [all data]

Matisová, Moravcová, et al., 1988
Matisová, E.; Moravcová, A.; Krupcík; Cellár, P.; Leclercq, P.A., Problems with the reproducibility of retention data on capillary columns with hydrocarbon C87 as the stationary phase, J. Chromatogr., 1988, 454, 65-71, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)88602-1 . [all data]

Matisová, Rukríglová, et al., 1988
Matisová, E.; Rukríglová, M.; Krupcík, J.; Kovacicová, E.; Holotík, S., Identification of alkylbenzenes up to C12 by capillary gas chromatography and combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. I. OV-101 as stationary phase, J. Chromatogr., 1988, 455, 301-309, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)82129-4 . [all data]

Tóth, 1983
Tóth, T., Use of capillary gas chromatography in collecting retention and chemical information for the analysis of complex petrochemical mixtures, J. Chromatogr., 1983, 279, 157-165, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)93614-3 . [all data]

Kuchhal, Kumar, et al., 1980
Kuchhal, R.K.; Kumar, B.; Kumar, P.; Gupta, P.L., Determination of the isomeric distribution and associated impurities in commercial diethylbenzenes by capillary gas chromatography, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Comm., 1980, 3, 10, 497-502, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240031003 . [all data]

Nabivach and Kirilenko, 1979
Nabivach, V.M.; Kirilenko, A.V., The use of retention indices for identifying the components of crude benzene, Solid Fuel Chem. (Engl. Transl.), 1979, 13, 3, 82-87. [all data]

Soják and Rijks, 1976
Soják, L.; Rijks, J.A., Capillary gas chromatography of alkylbenzenes. I. Some problems encountered with the precision of the retention indcies of alkylbenzenes, J. Chromatogr., 1976, 119, 505-521, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)86812-0 . [all data]

Mitra, Mohan, et al., 1974
Mitra, G.D.; Mohan, G.; Sinha, A., Advances in the utilization of the retention index system for characterizing hydrocarbons in complex mixtures by gas chromatography, J. Chromatogr., 1974, 99, 215-230, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)90857-4 . [all data]

Mitra, Mohan, et al., 1974, 2
Mitra, G.D.; Mohan, G.; Sinha, A., Gas chromatographic analysis of complex hydrocarbon mixtures, J. Chromatogr. A, 1974, 91, 633-648, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)97944-0 . [all data]

Svob and Deur-Siftar, 1974
Svob, V.; Deur-Siftar, D., Kovats Retention Indices in the Identification of Alkylbenzene Degradation Products, J. Chromatogr., 1974, 91, 677-689, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)97947-6 . [all data]

Wang, Fingas, et al., 1994
Wang, Z.; Fingas, M.; Li, K., Fractionation of a light crude oil and identification and quantitation of aliphatic, aromatic, and biomarker comopunds by GC-FID and GC-MS, Part II, J. Chromatogr. Sci., 1994, 32, 9, 367-382, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/32.9.367 . [all data]

Hayes and Pitzer, 1982
Hayes, P.C., Jr.; Pitzer, E.W., Characterizing petroleum- and shale-derived jet fuel distillates via temperature-programmed Kováts indices, J. Chromatogr., 1982, 253, 179-198, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)88376-X . [all data]

Louis, 1971
Louis, R., Kovats-index-tafeln zur gaschromatographischen analyse von kohlenwasserstoffgemischen, Erdoel Kohle Erdgas Petrochem., 1971, 24, 2, 88-94. [all data]

Haagen-Smit Laboratory, 1997
Haagen-Smit Laboratory, Procedure for the detailed hydrocarbon analysis of gasolines by single column high efficiency (capillary) column gas chromatography, SOP NO. MLD 118, Revision No. 1.1, California Environmental Protection Agency, Air Resources Board, El Monte, California, 1997, 22. [all data]

Döring, Estel, et al., 1974
Döring, C.E.; Estel, D.; Fischer, R., Kapillar-gaschromatographische Charakterisierung von C10-bis C12-Aromaten, J. Prakt. Chem., 1974, 316, 1, 1-12, https://doi.org/10.1002/prac.19743160102 . [all data]

Kallio, Jussila, et al., 2006
Kallio, M.; Jussila, M.; Rissanen, T.; Anttila, P.; Hartonen, K.; Reissell, A.; Vreuls, R.; Adahchour, M.; Hyotylainen, T., Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry in the identification of organic compounds in atmospheric aerosols from coniferous forest, J. Chromatogr. A, 2006, 1125, 2, 234-243, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2006.05.050 . [all data]

Censullo, Jones, et al., 2003
Censullo, A.C.; Jones, D.R.; Wills, M.T., Speciation of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in solventborne aerosol coatings by solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography, J. Coat. Technol., 2003, 75, 936, 47-53, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02697922 . [all data]

Martos, Saraullo, et al., 1997
Martos, P.A.; Saraullo, A.; Pawliszyn, J., Estimation of air/coating distribution coefficients for solid phase microextraction using retention indexes from linear temperature-programmed capillary gas chromatography. Application to the sampling and analysis of total petroleum hydrocarbons in air, Anal. Chem., 1997, 69, 3, 402-408, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac960633p . [all data]

White, Douglas, et al., 1992
White, C.M.; Douglas, L.J.; Hackett, J.P.; Anderson, R.R., Characterization of synthetic gasoline from the chloromethane-zeolite reaction, Energy Fuels, 1992, 6, 1, 76-82, https://doi.org/10.1021/ef00031a012 . [all data]

White, Hackett, et al., 1992
White, C.M.; Hackett, J.; Anderson, R.R.; Kail, S.; Spock, P.S., Linear temperature programmed retention indices of gasoline range hydrocarbons and chlorinated hydrocarbons on cross-linked polydimethylsiloxane, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr., 1992, 15, 2, 105-120, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240150211 . [all data]

Haynes and Pitzer, 1985
Haynes, P.C., Jr.; Pitzer, E.W., Disengaging solutes in shale- and petroleum-derived jet fuels by altering GC programmed temperature rates, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Comm., 1985, 8, 5, 230-242, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240080504 . [all data]

Hayes and Pitzer, 1981
Hayes, P.C., Jr.; Pitzer, E.W., Kovats indices as a tool in characterizing hydrocarbon fuels in temperature programmed glass capillary gas chromatography. Part 1. Qualitative identification, Inhouse rpt. for Air Force Wright Aeronautical Labs., Air Force Wright Aeronautical Labs., Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio, 1981, 75. [all data]

Alasalvar, Taylor, et al., 2005
Alasalvar, C.; Taylor, K.D.A.; Shahidi, F., Comparison of volatiles of cultured and wild sea bream (Sparus aurata) during storage in ice by dynamic headspace analysis/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 53, 7, 2616-2622, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0483826 . [all data]

Chevance and Farmer, 1999
Chevance, F.F.V.; Farmer, L.J., Identification of major volatile odor compounds in frankfurters, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1999, 47, 12, 5151-5160, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf990515d . [all data]

Vodenkova, Leol'ko, et al., 2005
Vodenkova, N.N.; Leol'ko, A.S.; Nesterova, T.N.; Levanova, S.V., Kovats indices and normal boiling points of alkylbenzenes, Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol., 2005, 48, 10, 33-39. [all data]

Tian, 1993
Tian, S., Analysis of the tower bottom oil of dimethylbenzene rectifying tower and C9 aromatic hydrocarbon fraction by capillary gas chromatography, Chin. J. Chromatogr., 1993, 11, 4, 202-206. [all data]

Papazova and Pankova, 1975
Papazova, D.I.; Pankova, M.C., Identification of individual aromatic hydrocarbons in kerosene fraction (b.p. 150-250 °), J. Chromatogr., 1975, 105, 2, 411-414, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)82276-7 . [all data]

Bramston-Cook, 2013
Bramston-Cook, R., Kovats indices for C2-C13 hydrocarbons and selected oxygenated/halocarbons with 100 % dimethylpolysiloxane columns, 2013, retrieved from http://lotusinstruments.com/monographs/List .... [all data]

Supelco, 2012
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Notes

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