Fluorene

• Formula: C₁₃H₁₀
• Molecular weight: 166.2185
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C13H10/c1-3-7-12-10(5-1)9-11-6-2-4-8-13(11)12/h1-8H,9H2 Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 86-73-7
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
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• Other names: 9H-Fluorene; o-Biphenylenemethane; Diphenylenemethane; Methane, diphenylene-; 2,2'-Methylenebiphenyl; 2,3-Benzindene; o-Biphenylmethane
• Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
• Information on this page:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Reaction thermochemistry data
  • IR Spectrum
  • Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
  • UV/Visible spectrum
  • References
  • Notes
• Other data available:
  • Condensed phase thermochemistry data
  • Phase change data
  • Henry's Law data
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • Ion clustering data
  • Gas Chromatography
• Data at other public NIST sites:
  • Gas Phase Kinetics Database
  • NIST Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Structure Index
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Gas phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
GT - Glushko Thermocenter, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

Reaction thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

C₁₃H₉^- +  =

By formula: C₁₃H₉^- + H⁺ = C₁₃H₁₀

C₁₀H₈⁺ +  = (C₁₀H₈⁺ • )

By formula: C₁₀H₈⁺ + C₁₃H₁₀ = (C₁₀H₈⁺ • C₁₃H₁₀)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Free energy of reaction

C₁₂H₈⁺ +  = (C₁₂H₈⁺ • )

By formula: C₁₂H₈⁺ + C₁₃H₁₀ = (C₁₂H₈⁺ • C₁₃H₁₀)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Free energy of reaction

C₁₃H₁₀⁺ +  = (C₁₃H₁₀⁺ • )

By formula: C₁₃H₁₀⁺ + C₁₃H₁₀ = (C₁₃H₁₀⁺ • C₁₃H₁₀)

Bond type: Charge transfer bond (positive ion)

Free energy of reaction

C₁₃H₁₁⁺ +  = (C₁₃H₁₁⁺ • )

By formula: C₁₃H₁₁⁺ + C₁₃H₁₀ = (C₁₃H₁₁⁺ • C₁₃H₁₀)

3 +  =

By formula: 3H₂ + C₁₃H₁₀ = C₁₃H₁₆

IR Spectrum

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Data compiled by: Coblentz Society, Inc.

• SOLUTION (10% CS2 FOR 3800-450 CM^-1) $$ SEE SPECTRUM NO. 6107 FOR CCl4 SOLUTION SPECTRUM; DOW KBr FOREPRISM-GRATING; DIGITIZED BY COBLENTZ SOCIETY (BATCH I) FROM HARD COPY; 2 cm^-1 resolution
• SOLUTION (10% IN CCl4 FOR 4000-1330 CM^-1, 10% IN CS2 FOR 1330-600 CM^-1); BECKMAN IR-7 (GRATING); DIGITIZED BY NIST FROM HARD COPY (FROM TWO SEGMENTS); 4 cm^-1 resolution

Data compiled by: Timothy J. Johnson, Tanya L. Myers, Yin-Fong Su, Russell G. Tonkyn, Molly Rose K. Kelly-Gorham, and Tyler O. Danby

• solid; Bruker Tensor 37 FTIR; 0.96450084 cm^-1 resolution

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

• gas; HP-GC/MS/IRD

Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

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Additional Data

UV/Visible spectrum

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Victor Talrose, Eugeny B. Stern, Antonina A. Goncharova, Natalia A. Messineva, Natalia V. Trusova, Margarita V. Efimkina

Spectrum

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Additional Data

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Roux, Temprado, et al., 2008
Roux, M.V.; Temprado, M.; Chickos, J.S.; Nagano, Y., Critically Evaluated Thermochemical Properties of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 2008, 37, 4, 1855-1996. [all data]

Rakus, Verevkin, et al., 1994
Rakus, K.; Verevkin, S.P.; Schatzer, J.; Beckhaus, H.-D.; Ruchardt, C., Thermochemistry and thermal decomposition of 9,9'-bifluorenyl and 9,9'-dimethyl-9,9'-bifluorenyl - the stabilization energy of 9-fluorenyl radicals, Chem. Ber., 1994, 127, 1095-1103. [all data]

Sabbah, 1991
Sabbah, R., Thermodynamic study of fluorene and dibenzofuran, Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr., 1991, 128, 350. [all data]

Sabbah and Antipine, 1987
Sabbah, R.; Antipine, I., Thermodynamic study on four polycycles. Relationship between their energy values and their structure, Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr., 1987, 392-400. [all data]

Dorofeeva O.V., 1989
Dorofeeva O.V., Thermodynamic Properties of Gaseous Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Containing Five-Membered Rings. Institute for High Temperatures, USSR Academy of Sciences, Preprint No.1-263 (in Russian), Moscow, 1989. [all data]

Frenkel M., 1994
Frenkel M., Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds in the Gas State, Vol. I, II, Thermodynamics Research Center, College Station, Texas, 1994, 1994. [all data]

Römer, Janaway, et al., 1997
Römer, B.; Janaway, G.; Brauman, J.I., Cyclopentadienyl, Indenyl, and Fluorenyl Anions: Gas-Phase and Solvation Energy Contributions to Electron Detachment Energies, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1997, 119, 9, 2249, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja961947x . [all data]

Taft and Bordwell, 1988
Taft, R.W.; Bordwell, F.G., Structural and Solvent Effects Evaluated from Acidities Measured in Dimethyl Sulfoxide and in the Gas Phase, Acc. Chem. Res., 1988, 21, 12, 463, https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00156a005 . [all data]

Cumming and Kebarle, 1978
Cumming, J.B.; Kebarle, P., Summary of gas phase measurements involving acids AH. Entropy changes in proton transfer reactions involving negative ions. Bond dissociation energies D(A-H) and electron affinities EA(A), Can. J. Chem., 1978, 56, 1. [all data]

Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1980
Meot-Ner (Mautner), M., Dimer Cations of Polycyclic Aromatics: Experimental Bonding Energies and Resonance Stabilization, J. Phys. Chem., 1980, 84, 21, 2724, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100458a012 . [all data]

Frye and Weitkamp, 1969
Frye, C.G.; Weitkamp, A.W., Equilibrium hydrogenations of multi-ring aromatics, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1969, 14, 372-376. [all data]

Ramart-Lucas, Matti, et al., 1948
Ramart-Lucas, M.; Matti, M.J.; Guilmart, T., Structure, absorption et comportement chimique dans la serie du phenanthrene, Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr., 1948, 15, 1215-1225. [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), UV/Visible spectrum, References

• Symbols used in this document:
  

  Cp,gas	Constant pressure heat capacity of gas
  T	Temperature
  ΔfH°gas	Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions
  ΔrG°	Free energy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔrH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔrS°	Entropy of reaction at standard conditions

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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