Phenanthrene
- Formula: C14H10
- Molecular weight: 178.2292
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 85-01-8
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript. - Isotopologues:
- Other names: Phenanthren; Phenanthrin; Phenantrin
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IR Spectrum
Go To: Top, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compiled by: Coblentz Society, Inc.
- SOLID (1% IN KI); Not specified, most likely a prism, grating, or hybrid spectrometer.; DIGITIZED BY NIST FROM HARD COPY; 4 cm-1 resolution
- SOLID (OIL MULL); Not specified, most likely a prism, grating, or hybrid spectrometer.; DIGITIZED BY NIST FROM HARD COPY; 4 cm-1 resolution
- SOLUTION (10% IN CCl4 FOR 4000-1340, 10% IN CS2 FOR 1340-430, AND 10% IN CCl4 FOR 440-200 CM-1); BECKMAN IR-12 (GRATING); DIGITIZED BY NIST FROM HARD COPY (FROM TWO SEGMENTS); 2 cm-1 resolution
- SOLUTION (SATURATED IN HEPTANE); Not specified, most likely a prism, grating, or hybrid spectrometer.; DIGITIZED BY NIST FROM HARD COPY
4, 4 cm-1 resolution - SOLUTION 4.5% (CS2 FOR 2-15 microns, AND C2Cl4 FOR 6.2-7.3 microns); PERKIN-ELMER 21 (GRATING); DIGITIZED BY COBLENTZ SOCIETY (BATCH I) FROM HARD COPY; 2 cm-1 resolution
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Gas Chromatography
Go To: Top, IR Spectrum, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal
Column type | Active phase | Temperature (C) | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | OV-1 | 150. | 1730. | Zhang, Chen, et al., 1997 | 25. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, N2 |
Capillary | OV-1 | 160. | 1745. | Zhang, Chen, et al., 1997 | 25. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, N2 |
Capillary | SE-30 | 180. | 1765. | Korhonen and Lind, 1985 | N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.33 mm |
Capillary | SE-30 | 175. | 1761. | Bredael, 1982 | Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm |
Packed | SE-30 | 150. | 1724. | Pacakova, Miller, et al., 1971 |
Kovats' RI, polar column, isothermal
Column type | Active phase | Temperature (C) | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | CP-Wax | 240. | 2722. | Hanai and Hong, 1989 | 25. m/0.25 mm/0.22 μm |
Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | HP-5MS | 1778.6 | Zeng, Zhao, et al., 2007 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 4. K/min; Tstart: 80. C; Tend: 300. C |
Capillary | HP-5MS | 1775. | Zhao C.X., Li, et al., 2006 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 4. K/min; Tstart: 80. C; Tend: 300. C |
Capillary | HP-5MS | 1759.6 | Zhao, Liang, et al., 2005 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: 80. C; Tend: 290. C |
Capillary | HP-5MS | 1778.4 | Zhao, Liang, et al., 2005 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 4. K/min; Tstart: 80. C; Tend: 290. C |
Capillary | HP-5MS | 1790.1 | Zhao, Liang, et al., 2005 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 6. K/min; Tstart: 80. C; Tend: 290. C |
Capillary | DB-5 | 1776.3 | Song, Lai, et al., 2003 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 4. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 310. C |
Capillary | DB-5 | 1776.3 | Song, Lai, et al., 2003 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 310. C |
Capillary | DB-5 | 1756.9 | Song, Lai, et al., 2003 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 310. C |
Capillary | DB-5 | 1776.3 | Song, Lai, et al., 2003 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 4. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 310. C |
Capillary | DB-5 | 1789.2 | Song, Lai, et al., 2003 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 6. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 310. C |
Capillary | OV-1 | 1769.7 | Zhang, Shen, et al., 2000 | 25. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, 5. K/min; Tstart: 100. C; Tend: 180. C |
Capillary | OV-1 | 1791.2 | Zhang, Shen, et al., 2000 | 25. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, 5. K/min; Tstart: 100. C; Tend: 180. C |
Capillary | HP-5MS | 1797. | Nahir, 1999 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 10. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 300. C |
Capillary | OV-1 | 1759.3 | Gautzsch and Zinn, 1996 | 8. K/min; Tstart: 35. C; Tend: 300. C |
Capillary | DB-5 | 1756.9 | Lai and Song, 1995 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 310. C |
Capillary | DB-5 | 1776.3 | Lai and Song, 1995 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 4. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 310. C |
Capillary | DB-5 | 1789.2 | Lai and Song, 1995 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 6. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 310. C |
Capillary | DB-5 | 1776.3 | Lai and Song, 1995 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 4. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 310. C |
Capillary | DB-5 | 1776.3 | Lai and Song, 1995 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 310. C |
Capillary | DB-5 | 1794. | Rostad and Pereira, 1986 | 30. m/0.26 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 4. min, 6. K/min, 300. C @ 20. min |
Capillary | SE-30 | 1791. | Korhonen and Lind, 1985 | N2, 10. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.33 mm; Tstart: 100. C; Tend: 320. C |
Capillary | SE-30 | 1776. | Korhonen and Lind, 1985 | N2, 6. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.33 mm; Tstart: 140. C; Tend: 320. C |
Capillary | SE-52 | 1742. | Beernaert, 1979 | He, 50. C @ 5. min, 6. K/min; Column length: 33.3 m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm; Tend: 320. C |
Capillary | SE-52 | 1730. | Beernaert, 1979 | He, 50. C @ 5. min, 6. K/min; Column length: 16.6 m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm; Tend: 320. C |
Capillary | SE-52 | 1739. | Beernaert, 1979 | He, 50. C @ 5. min, 6. K/min; Column length: 16.6 m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm; Tend: 320. C |
Capillary | SE-52 | 1739. | Beernaert, 1979 | He, 50. C @ 5. min, 6. K/min; Column length: 16.6 m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm; Tend: 320. C |
Capillary | SE-52 | 1739. | Beernaert, 1979 | He, 50. C @ 5. min, 6. K/min; Column length: 16.6 m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm; Tend: 320. C |
Capillary | SE-52 | 1739. | Beernaert, 1979 | He, 50. C @ 5. min, 6. K/min; Column length: 16.6 m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm; Tend: 320. C |
Capillary | SE-52 | 1740. | Beernaert, 1979 | He, 50. C @ 5. min, 6. K/min; Column length: 16.6 m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm; Tend: 320. C |
Capillary | SE-52 | 1753. | Beernaert, 1979 | He, 50. C @ 5. min, 6. K/min; Column length: 16.6 m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm; Tend: 320. C |
Capillary | SE-52 | 1753. | Beernaert, 1979 | He, 50. C @ 5. min, 6. K/min; Column length: 16.6 m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm; Tend: 320. C |
Capillary | SE-52 | 1753. | Beernaert, 1979 | He, 50. C @ 5. min, 6. K/min; Column length: 16.6 m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm; Tend: 320. C |
Capillary | SE-52 | 1753. | Beernaert, 1979 | He, 50. C @ 5. min, 6. K/min; Column length: 16.6 m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm; Tend: 320. C |
Capillary | SE-52 | 1754. | Beernaert, 1979 | He, 50. C @ 5. min, 6. K/min; Column length: 16.6 m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm; Tend: 320. C |
Capillary | SE-52 | 1756. | Beernaert, 1979 | He, 50. C @ 5. min, 6. K/min; Column length: 16.6 m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm; Tend: 320. C |
Capillary | SE-52 | 1757. | Beernaert, 1979 | He, 50. C @ 5. min, 6. K/min; Column length: 16.6 m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm; Tend: 320. C |
Capillary | SE-52 | 1761. | Beernaert, 1979 | He, 50. C @ 5. min, 6. K/min; Column length: 16.6 m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm; Tend: 320. C |
Capillary | SE-52 | 1763. | Beernaert, 1979 | He, 50. C @ 5. min, 6. K/min; Column length: 16.6 m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm; Tend: 320. C |
Capillary | SE-52 | 1768. | Beernaert, 1979 | He, 50. C @ 5. min, 6. K/min; Column length: 16.6 m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm; Tend: 320. C |
Capillary | SE-52 | 1744.7 | Lee, Vassilaros, et al., 1979 | 12. m/0.3 mm/0.34 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 250. C |
Capillary | SE-52 | 1734.95 | Lee, Vassilaros, et al., 1979 | 12. m/0.28 mm/0.17 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 250. C |
Capillary | SE-52 | 1741. | Carugno and Rossi, 1967 | N2, 1.8 K/min; Column length: 65. m; Column diameter: 0.3 mm; Tstart: 100. C; Tend: 300. C |
Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | HP-1 | 1744.37 | Dimitriou-Christidis, Harris, et al., 2003 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 60C => 7C/min => 225C => 15C/min => 300C(11.43min) |
Capillary | HP-5 | 1784.21 | Dimitriou-Christidis, Harris, et al., 2003 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 60C => 7C/min => 225C => 15C/min => 300C(11.43min) |
Capillary | OV-101 | 1724. | Yasuhara, Shiraishi, et al., 1997 | 15. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 50C(2min) => (20C/min) => 120C => (7C/min) => 310C(10min) |
Capillary | 5 % Phenyl methyl siloxane | 1761. | Yasuhara, Shiraishi, et al., 1997 | 25. m/0.31 mm/0.52 μm, He; Program: 50C(2min) => (20C/min) => 120C => (7C/min) => 310C(10min) |
Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 1749. | Oda, Ichikawa, et al., 1996 | Program: 50C (2min) => 20C/min => 160C => 5C/min => 210C => 10C/min => 300C |
Packed | SE-30 | 1729. | Peng, Ding, et al., 1988 | Supelcoport; Chromosorb; Column length: 3.05 m; Program: 40C(5min) => 10C/min => 200C or 250C (60min) |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, isothermal
Column type | Active phase | Temperature (C) | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | SE-30 | 200. | 1792. | Korhonen and Lind, 1985 | N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.33 mm |
Packed | OV-1 | 170. | 1775. | Nicoud, Balavoine, et al., 1972 | Nitrogen, Gas-Chrom Q |
Packed | OV-1 | 170. | 1775. | Nicoud, Moradpour, et al., 1972 | Nitrogen, Gas-Chrom Q (60-80 mesh); Column length: 4. m |
Packed | Polydimethyl siloxane | 183. | 1749. | Ferrand, 1962 |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | HP-5 MS | 1784. | Radulovic, Blagojevic, et al., 2010 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 5. K/min, 290. C @ 10. min; Tstart: 70. C |
Capillary | HP-5 MS | 1784. | Radulovic, Dordevic, et al., 2010 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 5. K/min, 290. C @ 10. min; Tstart: 70. C |
Capillary | HP-5 MS | 1775. | Zhao, Zeng, et al., 2009 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 4. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 280. C |
Capillary | DB-5 | 1784. | Grung, Lichtenthaler, et al., 2007 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 5. K/min, 280. C @ 10. min; Tstart: 40. C |
Capillary | OV-1 | 1752. | Asif and Fazeelat, 2006 | Nitrogen, 4. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 290. C |
Capillary | HP-5 | 1760. | Miyazawa and Kawata, 2006 | 30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 4. K/min, 240. C @ 5. min; Tstart: 40. C |
Capillary | HP-5 | 1784.7 | Leffingwell and Alford, 2005 | 60. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 30. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min, 260. C @ 28. min |
Capillary | HP-5 | 1776. | Miao and Wu, 1999 | 30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, 50. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min; Tend: 310. C |
Capillary | HP-5 | 1777. | Miao and Wu, 1999 | 30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, 50. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min; Tend: 310. C |
Capillary | HP-5 | 1779. | Miao and Wu, 1999 | 30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, 50. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min; Tend: 310. C |
Capillary | HP-5 | 1780. | Miao and Wu, 1999 | 30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, 50. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min; Tend: 310. C |
Capillary | HP-5 | 1781. | Miao and Wu, 1999 | 30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, 50. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min; Tend: 310. C |
Capillary | HP-5 | 1782. | Miao and Wu, 1999 | 30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, 50. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min; Tend: 310. C |
Capillary | HP-5 | 1792. | Miao and Wu, 1999 | 30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, 50. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min; Tend: 310. C |
Capillary | HP-5 | 1793. | Miao and Wu, 1999 | 30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, 50. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min; Tend: 310. C |
Capillary | SE-54 | 1769. | Ding, Deng, et al., 1998 | 35. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.31 mm; Tend: 250. C |
Capillary | Ultra-1 | 1751. | Elizalde-González, Hutfliess, et al., 1996 | 50. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, H2, 3. K/min, 300. C @ 35. min; Tstart: 60. C |
Capillary | PB-1 | 1744. | Andersson and Weis, 1994 | 50. m/0.32 mm/0.2 μm, H2, 80. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 270. C @ 5. min |
Capillary | DB-5 | 1744. | Andersson and Weis, 1994 | 30. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, H2, 80. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 270. C @ 5. min |
Capillary | SE-54 | 1767. | Harland, Cumming, et al., 1986 | He, 50. C @ 2. min, 8. K/min, 250. C @ 12. min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm |
Capillary | DB-5 | 1772. | Quilliam, Lant, et al., 1985 | 30. m/0.32 mm/0.1 μm, He, 10. K/min; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 290. C |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | TR-5 MS | 1741. | Kurashov, Mitrukova, et al., 2014 | 15. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 35 0C (3 min) 2 0C/min -> 60 0C (3 min) 2 0C/min -> 80 0C (3 min) 4 0C/min -> 120 0C (3 min) 5 0C/min -> 150 0C (3 min) 15 0C/min -> 240 0C (10 min) |
Capillary | TR-5 MS | 1752. | Kurashov, Krylova, et al., 2013 | 15. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 35 0C (3 min) 2 0C/min -> 60 0C (3 min) 2 0C/min -> 80 0C (3 min) 4 0C/min -> 120 0C (3 min) 5 0C/min -> 150 0C (3 mion) 15 0C/min -> 240 0C (10 min) |
Capillary | RTX-5 MS | 1784. | Nadaf, Halimi, et al., 2012 | 15. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 35 0C (6 min) 5 0C/min -> 150 0C 10 0C/min -> 280 0C (3 min) |
Capillary | HP-5MS | 1780. | Vichi, Pizzale, et al., 2005 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 40C(3min) => 4C/min => 75C => 8C/min => 250C |
Capillary | SE-54 | 1768. | Ding, Deng, et al., 1998 | Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.31 mm; Program: not specified |
Capillary | SE-54 | 1770. | Ding, Deng, et al., 1998 | Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.31 mm; Program: not specified |
Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 1755. | Oda, Yasuhara, et al., 1998 | 25. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 50 0C (2 min) 20 0C/min -> 160 0C 5 0C/min -> 210 0C 10 0C/min -> 300 0C |
Capillary | Polydimethyl siloxane, unknown content of Ph-groups | 1794. | Geldon, 1989 | Program: not specified |
Capillary | Polydimethyl siloxane, unknown content of Ph-groups | 1797. | Geldon, 1989 | Program: not specified |
Capillary | OV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc. | 1747. | Waggott and Davies, 1984 | Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified |
Capillary | OV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc. | 1786. | Waggott and Davies, 1984 | Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified |
Other | Methyl Silicone | 1786. | Ardrey and Moffat, 1981 | Program: not specified |
Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | Supelcowax-10 | 2723. | Vichi, Pizzale, et al., 2005 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 40C(3min) => 4C/min => 75C => 8C/min => 250C |
Capillary | DB-Wax | 2712. | Peng, Yang, et al., 1991 | Program: not specified |
References
Go To: Top, IR Spectrum, Gas Chromatography, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Zhang, Chen, et al., 1997
Zhang, M.; Chen, B.; Shen, S.; Chen, S.,
Compositional studies of high-temperature coal tar by g.c.-FT-i.r. analysis of middle oil fractions,
Fuel, 1997, 76, 5, 415-423, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-2361(97)85518-4
. [all data]
Korhonen and Lind, 1985
Korhonen, I.O.O.; Lind, M.A.,
Gas-liquid chromatographic analyses. XXXIV. Separation and retention indices with retention increments of some nitrated polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons on a low-polarity (SE-30) capillary column,
J. Chromatogr., 1985, 322, 71-81, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)97660-5
. [all data]
Bredael, 1982
Bredael, P.,
Retention indices of hydrocarbons on SE-30,
J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Comm., 1982, 5, 6, 325-328, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240050610
. [all data]
Pacakova, Miller, et al., 1971
Pacakova, V.; Miller, V.; Cernohorsky, I.J.,
Gas-Liquid Chromatography of Some Pyrimidine Derivatives,
Anal. Biochemistry, 1971, 42, 2, 549-554, https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(71)90071-6
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Hanai and Hong, 1989
Hanai, T.; Hong, C.,
Structure-retention correlation in CGC,
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Zeng, Zhao, et al., 2007
Zeng, Y.-X.; Zhao, C.-X.; Liang, Y.-Z.; Yang, H.; Fang, H.-Z.; Yi, L.-Z.; Zeng, Z.-D.,
Comparative analysis of volatile components from Clematis species growing in China,
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Zhao C.X., Li, et al., 2006
Zhao C.X.; Li, X.N.; Liang Y.Z.; Fang H.Z.; Huang L.F.; Guo F.Q.,
Comparative analysis of chemical components of essential oils from different samples of Rhododendron with the help of chemometrics methods,
Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst., 2006, 82, 1-2, 218-228, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemolab.2005.08.008
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Zhao, Liang, et al., 2005
Zhao, C.-X.; Liang, Y.-Z.; Fang, H.-Z.; Li, X.-N.,
Temperature-programmed retention indices for gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy analysis of plant essential oils,
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Song, Lai, et al., 2003
Song, C.; Lai, W.-C.; Madhusudan Reddy, K.; Wei, B.,
Chapter 7. Temperature-programmed retention indices for GC and GC-MS of hydrocarbon fuels and simulated distillation GC of heavy oils
in Analytical advances for hydrocarbon research, Hsu,C.S., ed(s)., Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, 2003, 147-193. [all data]
Zhang, Shen, et al., 2000
Zhang, M.-J.; Shen, S.-D.; Chen, S.-Y.; Sun, Y.-H.,
Analysis of heavy oil fractions in high-temperature coal tar by capillary gas chromatography/fourier transform infrared spectrometry,
Chin. J. Chromatogr., 2000, 18, 3, 241-246. [all data]
Nahir, 1999
Nahir, T.M.,
Analysis of semivolatile organic compounds in fuels using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,
J. Chem. Educ., 1999, 76, 12, 1695-1696, https://doi.org/10.1021/ed076p1695
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Gautzsch and Zinn, 1996
Gautzsch, R.; Zinn, P.,
Use of incremental models to estimate the retention indexes of aromatic compounds,
Chromatographia, 1996, 43, 3/4, 163-176, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02292946
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Lai and Song, 1995
Lai, W.-C.; Song, C.,
Temperature-programmed retention indices for g.c. and g.c.-m.s. analysis of coal- and petroleum-derived liquid fuels,
Fuel, 1995, 74, 10, 1436-1451, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(95)00108-H
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Rostad and Pereira, 1986
Rostad, C.E.; Pereira, W.E.,
Kovats and Lee retention indices determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for organic compounds of environmental interest,
J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Comm., 1986, 9, 6, 328-334, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240090603
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Beernaert, 1979
Beernaert, H.,
Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Polyclylic Aromatic Hydrocarbons,
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Lee, Vassilaros, et al., 1979
Lee, M.L.; Vassilaros, D.L.; White, C.M.; Novotny, M.,
Retention Indices for Programmed-Temperature Capillary-Column Gas Chromatography of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons,
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Carugno and Rossi, 1967
Carugno, N.; Rossi, S.,
Evaluation of polynuclear hydrocarbons in cigarette smoke by glass capillary columns,
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Dimitriou-Christidis, Harris, et al., 2003
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Notes
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