Butane, 2,3-dimethyl-

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Gas phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
GT - Glushko Thermocenter, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfgas-177.8 ± 1.0kJ/molCcbProsen and Rossini, 1945ALS

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

Cp,gas (J/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
93.14200.Scott D.W., 1974Recommended values were obtained from the consistent correlation scheme for alkanes [ Scott D.W., 1974, 2, Scott D.W., 1974]. This approach gives a better agreement with experimental data than the statistical thermodynamics calculation [ Pitzer K.S., 1946] (see also [ Waddington G., 1949]).; GT
128.32273.15
139.4 ± 0.7298.15
140.21300.
181.71400.
218.36500.
250.20600.
277.40700.
301.67800.
322.59900.
340.581000.
356.901100.
370.701200.
384.931300.
393.301400.
405.851500.

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

Cp,gas (J/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
158.07341.60Waddington G., 1949GT
170.25371.20
182.55402.30
195.52436.00
208.24471.15

Condensed phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfliquid-207.0 ± 1.0kJ/molCcbProsen and Rossini, 1945ALS
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δcliquid-4154.9 ± 0.92kJ/molCcbProsen and Rossini, 1945Corresponding Δfliquid = -206.9 kJ/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections); ALS
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
liquid278.85J/mol*KN/AAdachi, Suga, et al., 1971DH
liquid277.52J/mol*KN/ADouslin and Huffman, 1946DH

Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid

Cp,liquid (J/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
189.02298.15Ohnishi, Fujihara, et al., 1989DH
189.04298.15Benson and D'Arcy, 1986DH
188.67298.15Benson, D'Arcy, et al., 1984DH
188.77298.15Aicart, Kumaran, et al., 1983DH
188.77298.15Benson, D'Arcy, et al., 1983DH
188.80298.15Wilhelm, Faradjzadeh, et al., 1982DH
189.70298.15Adachi, Suga, et al., 1971T = 13 to 300 K.; DH
188.74298.15Douslin and Huffman, 1946T = 13 to 300 K.; DH
184.35298.1Stull, 1937T = 140 to 320 K.; DH

Phase change data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
CAL - James S. Chickos, William E. Acree, Jr., Joel F. Liebman, Students of Chem 202 (Introduction to the Literature of Chemistry), University of Missouri -- St. Louis
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tboil331.2 ± 0.2KAVGN/AAverage of 65 out of 73 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tfus143. ± 6.KAVGN/AAverage of 28 out of 29 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Ttriple144. ± 6.KAVGN/AAverage of 6 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tc500.1 ± 0.5KAVGN/AAverage of 11 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Pc31.5 ± 0.8barAVGN/AAverage of 8 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Vc0.361l/molN/ADaubert, 1996 
Vc0.360l/molN/AGenco, Teja, et al., 1980Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.001 l/mol; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ρc2.77 ± 0.02mol/lN/ADaubert, 1996 
ρc2.80mol/lN/AKay, 1946Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.02 mol/l; by extrapolation of rectilinear diameter to Tc; TRC
ρc2.798mol/lN/AYoung, 1910Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.06 mol/l; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δvap29.33kJ/molN/AMajer and Svoboda, 1985 
Δvap29.1kJ/molN/AReid, 1972AC
Δvap29.12kJ/molCOsborne and Ginnings, 1947ALS

Enthalpy of vaporization

ΔvapH (kJ/mol) Temperature (K) Method Reference Comment
27.38331.1N/AMajer and Svoboda, 1985 
29.24 ± 0.01295.8CWaddington, Smith, et al., 1949ALS
29.2 ± 0.1296.CWaddington, Smith, et al., 1949AC
28.9 ± 0.1303.CWaddington, Smith, et al., 1949AC
28.3 ± 0.1313.CWaddington, Smith, et al., 1949AC
27.3 ± 0.1331.CWaddington, Smith, et al., 1949AC
29.6302.MMWillingham, Taylor, et al., 1945Based on data from 287. to 332. K.; AC
29.2 ± 0.1293.CLemons and Felsing, 1943AC
28.2 ± 0.1313.CLemons and Felsing, 1943AC
27.0 ± 0.1333.CLemons and Felsing, 1943AC
26.1 ± 0.1353.CLemons and Felsing, 1943AC

Enthalpy of vaporization

ΔvapH = A exp(-βTr) (1 − Tr)β
    ΔvapH = Enthalpy of vaporization (at saturation pressure) (kJ/mol)
    Tr = reduced temperature (T / Tc)

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Temperature (K) A (kJ/mol) β Tc (K) Reference Comment
296. to 333.42.520.2518499.9Majer and Svoboda, 1985 

Antoine Equation Parameters

log10(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (bar)
    T = temperature (K)

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Temperature (K) A B C Reference
287.41 to 331.943.934731127.187-44.2Williamham, Taylor, et al., 1945

Enthalpy of fusion

ΔfusH (kJ/mol) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
0.79145.2Domalski and Hearing, 1996AC

Entropy of fusion

ΔfusS (J/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
47.22136.1Domalski and Hearing, 1996CAL
22.13107.
5.47145.2

Enthalpy of phase transition

ΔHtrs (kJ/mol) Temperature (K) Initial Phase Final Phase Reference Comment
2.370107.crystaline, IIIcrystaline, IAdachi, Suga, et al., 1971c,III has residual entropy of 2.7 J/mol*K.; DH
6.425136.02crystaline, IIcrystaline, IAdachi, Suga, et al., 1971c,II stable form to 10 K; apparently has no zero point entropy.; DH
0.7937145.04crystaline, IliquidAdachi, Suga, et al., 1971DH
6.494136.07crystaline, IIcrystaline, IDouslin and Huffman, 1946DH
0.8008145.19crystaline, IliquidDouslin and Huffman, 1946DH

Entropy of phase transition

ΔStrs (J/mol*K) Temperature (K) Initial Phase Final Phase Reference Comment
22.15107.crystaline, IIIcrystaline, IAdachi, Suga, et al., 1971c,III; DH
47.24136.02crystaline, IIcrystaline, IAdachi, Suga, et al., 1971c,II; DH
5.47145.04crystaline, IliquidAdachi, Suga, et al., 1971DH
47.72136.07crystaline, IIcrystaline, IDouslin and Huffman, 1946DH
5.52145.19crystaline, IliquidDouslin and Huffman, 1946DH

In addition to the Thermodynamics Research Center (TRC) data available from this site, much more physical and chemical property data is available from the following TRC products:


Henry's Law data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Rolf Sander

Henry's Law constant (water solution)

kH(T) = H exp(d(ln(kH))/d(1/T) ((1/T) - 1/(298.15 K)))
H = Henry's law constant for solubility in water at 298.15 K (mol/(kg*bar))
d(ln(kH))/d(1/T) = Temperature dependence constant (K)

H (mol/(kg*bar)) d(ln(kH))/d(1/T) (K) Method Reference Comment
0.00076 QN/A missing citation give several references for the Henry's law constants but don't assign them to specific species.
0.00078 LN/A 

Gas Chromatography

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
CapillaryOV-10140.564.4Chen, Liang, et al., 2001He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedC78, Branched paraffin130.573.2Dallos, Sisak, et al., 2000He; Column length: 3.3 m
CapillarySqualane100.568.Heinzen, Soares, et al., 1999 
CapillaryOV-1010.559.Skrbic, 1997 
CapillaryOV-1010.563.Skrbic, 1997 
PackedSqualane78.5569.8Zhang and Lu, 1996 
CapillaryOV-101150.573.0Cha and Lee, 1994Column length: 20. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm
CapillaryOV-101180.579.6Cha and Lee, 1994Column length: 20. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm
CapillarySqualane25.565.Hilal, Carreira, et al., 1994 
CapillaryPONA60.567.3Krupcik, Skacani, et al., 1994H2; Phase thickness: 0.5 μm
CapillaryOV-10160.568.4Krupcik, Skacani, et al., 1994H2; Phase thickness: 0.2 μm
PackedC78, Branched paraffin130.573.1Reddy, Dutoit, et al., 1992Chromosorb G HP; Column length: 3.3 m
CapillaryBP-10.563.Skrbic and Cvejanov, 199215. m/0.53 mm/1.0 μm, N2
CapillaryOV-145.566.3Guan, Kiraly, et al., 198920. m/0.32 mm/1.2 μm, He
CapillaryOV-165.567.7Guan, Kiraly, et al., 198920. m/0.32 mm/1.2 μm, He
CapillaryOV-145.566.3Guan, Kiraly, et al., 198925. m/0.31 mm/0.52 μm, He
CapillaryOV-165.567.7Guan, Kiraly, et al., 198925. m/0.31 mm/0.52 μm, He
CapillarySqualane50.567.3Guan, Kiraly, et al., 198950. m/0.22 mm/0.21 μm, He
CapillarySqualane70.568.8Guan, Kiraly, et al., 198950. m/0.22 mm/0.21 μm, He
CapillarySE-5445.566.2Guan, Kiraly, et al., 198925. m/0.31 mm/0.52 μm, He
CapillarySE-5465.567.8Guan, Kiraly, et al., 198925. m/0.31 mm/0.52 μm, He
CapillaryHP-160.567.Bangjie, Yijian, et al., 1988N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm
CapillaryHP-160.567.Bangjie, Yijian, et al., 1988N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm
CapillaryOV-10140.565.Laub and Purnell, 1988 
CapillaryOV-10160.566.Laub and Purnell, 1988 
CapillaryOV-10180.567.Laub and Purnell, 1988 
CapillarySqualane50.567.2Lunskii and Paizanskaya, 1988He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm
CapillarySqualane70.568.9Lunskii and Paizanskaya, 1988He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm
CapillarySqualane50.567.5Papazova, Milina, et al., 1988Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillaryOV-10140.565.6Boneva and Dimov, 1986100. m/0.27 mm/0.9 μm
CapillaryOV-10150.566.1Boneva and Dimov, 1986100. m/0.27 mm/0.9 μm
CapillaryOV-10160.568.0Boneva and Dimov, 1986100. m/0.27 mm/0.9 μm
CapillaryOV-10170.569.9Boneva and Dimov, 1986100. m/0.27 mm/0.9 μm
CapillaryOV-10130.564.Chien, Furio, et al., 1983 
CapillaryOV-10140.564.Chien, Furio, et al., 1983 
CapillaryOV-10150.565.Chien, Furio, et al., 1983 
CapillaryOV-10160.566.Chien, Furio, et al., 1983 
CapillaryOV-10170.566.Chien, Furio, et al., 1983 
CapillaryOV-10180.567.Chien, Furio, et al., 1983 
CapillaryOV-330.565.0Chien, Furio, et al., 1983, 2 
CapillaryOV-340.565.6Chien, Furio, et al., 1983, 2 
CapillaryOV-350.566.4Chien, Furio, et al., 1983, 2 
CapillaryOV-360.567.1Chien, Furio, et al., 1983, 2 
CapillaryOV-370.567.9Chien, Furio, et al., 1983, 2 
CapillaryOV-380.568.8Chien, Furio, et al., 1983, 2 
CapillaryDB-160.567.3Lubeck and Sutton, 1983Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.264 mm
CapillaryDB-160.567.4Lubeck and Sutton, 198360. m/0.259 mm/1. μm
CapillaryOV-150.566.Anders, Scheller, et al., 1982Column length: 55. m; Column diameter: 0.21 mm
CapillaryOV-10150.567.Johansen and Ettre, 1982100. m/0.27 mm/0.20 μm
CapillaryOV-10150.566.Johansen and Ettre, 198255. m/0.27 mm/0.9 μm
CapillaryOV-150.567.Johansen and Ettre, 198217.5 m/0.2 mm/0.15 μm
CapillarySE-3050.563.Johansen and Ettre, 198217.5 m/0.2 mm/0.15 μm
CapillarySF-9650.565.Johansen and Ettre, 198291.4 m/0.31 mm/0.20 μm
CapillaryOV-130.564.2Chien, Kopecni, et al., 1981H2
CapillaryOV-140.565.4Chien, Kopecni, et al., 1981H2
CapillaryOV-150.566.6Chien, Kopecni, et al., 1981H2
CapillaryOV-160.567.9Chien, Kopecni, et al., 1981H2
CapillaryOV-170.569.3Chien, Kopecni, et al., 1981H2
CapillaryOV-180.570.7Chien, Kopecni, et al., 1981H2
CapillarySE-3030.559.2Chien, Kopecni, et al., 1981H2
CapillarySE-3040.561.2Chien, Kopecni, et al., 1981H2
CapillarySE-3050.562.5Chien, Kopecni, et al., 1981H2
CapillarySE-3060.564.9Chien, Kopecni, et al., 1981H2
CapillarySE-3070.566.7Chien, Kopecni, et al., 1981H2
CapillarySE-3080.568.9Chien, Kopecni, et al., 1981H2
CapillaryOV-140.558.Nijs and Jacobs, 1981He; Column length: 150. m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm
PackedTriacontane70.568.Castello and D'Amato, 1979He, Chromosorb W AW (60-80 mesh); Column length: 3. m
PackedTriacontane80.568.Castello and D'Amato, 1979He, Chromosorb W AW (60-80 mesh); Column length: 3. m
PackedSqualane70.569.Castello and D'Amato, 1979He, Chromosorb W AW (60-80 mesh); Column length: 3. m
PackedSqualane80.570.Castello and D'Amato, 1979He, Chromosorb W AW (60-80 mesh); Column length: 3. m
PackedOV-180.568.Dimov and Papazova, 1979Chromosorb W AW DMCS (80-100 mesh); Column length: 4. m
PackedSE-3080.568.Dimov and Papazova, 1979Chromosorb W AW DMCS (80-100 mesh); Column length: 4. m
CapillarySqualane60.568.Chretien and Dubois, 1976 
CapillarySqualane100.565.8Lulova, Leont'eva, et al., 1976He; Column length: 120. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane100.569.1Lulova, Leont'eva, et al., 1976He; Column length: 120. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedApolane70.567.9Riedo, Fritz, et al., 1976He, Chromosorb; Column length: 2.4 m
CapillarySqualane50.567.Rijks and Cramers, 1974N2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane70.569.Rijks and Cramers, 1974N2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSF-96100.571.81Castello, Berg, et al., 1973Chromosorb P(DMCS); Column length: 4. m
PackedSF-96110.572.68Castello, Berg, et al., 1973Chromosorb P(DMCS); Column length: 4. m
PackedSF-96120.573.68Castello, Berg, et al., 1973Chromosorb P(DMCS); Column length: 4. m
PackedSF-9680.569.15Castello, Berg, et al., 1973Chromosorb P(DMCS); Column length: 4. m
PackedSF-9690.570.34Castello, Berg, et al., 1973Chromosorb P(DMCS); Column length: 4. m
CapillaryOV-10150.566.Pacáková, Hoch, et al., 197325. m/0.25 mm/1.39 μm, N2
CapillaryVacuum Grease Oil (VM-4)35.562.Sidorov, Petrova, et al., 1972 
CapillaryVacuum Grease Oil (VM-4)45.564.Sidorov, Petrova, et al., 1972 
CapillaryVacuum Grease Oil (VM-4)50.565.Sidorov, Petrova, et al., 1972 
CapillaryVacuum Grease Oil (VM-4)58.566.Sidorov, Petrova, et al., 1972 
CapillaryVacuum Grease Oil (VM-4)68.568.Sidorov, Petrova, et al., 1972 
CapillarySqualane70.567.4Dimov and Schopov, 1971Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSE-3075.569.Robinson and Odell, 1971N2, Chromosorb W; Column length: 6.1 m
PackedSqualane100.571.Robinson and Odell, 1971N2, Embacel; Column length: 3.0 m
PackedSE-3080.562.Mitra and Saha, 1970N2
PackedSqualane25.566.Mitra and Saha, 1970N2
PackedSqualane80.569.Mitra and Saha, 1970N2
CapillarySqualane40.566.Matukuma, 1969N2; Column length: 91.4 m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSqualane27.566.Hively and Hinton, 1968He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSqualane49.567.Hively and Hinton, 1968He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSqualane67.570.Hively and Hinton, 1968He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSqualane86.571.Hively and Hinton, 1968He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSqualane30.565.Tourres, 1967H2; Column length: 10. m
PackedSqualane50.567.5Tourres, 1967H2; Column length: 10. m
CapillarySqualane30.566.Tourres, 1967, 2H2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane50.568.Tourres, 1967, 2H2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane70.570.Tourres, 1967, 2H2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSqualane100.571.Evans, 1966Untreated celite; Column length: 1.8 m
PackedSqualane22.565.Evans, 1966Untreated celite; Column length: 1.8 m
PackedSqualane30.566.Evans, 1966Untreated celite; Column length: 1.8 m
PackedSqualane40.567.Evans, 1966Untreated celite; Column length: 1.8 m
PackedSqualane55.569.Evans, 1966Untreated celite; Column length: 1.8 m
PackedSqualane60.568.Evans, 1966Untreated celite; Column length: 1.8 m
PackedSqualane70.569.Evans, 1966Untreated celite; Column length: 1.8 m
PackedSqualane80.569.Evans, 1966Untreated celite; Column length: 1.8 m
PackedSqualane26.567.Zulaïca and Guiochon, 1966Column length: 10. m
PackedApiezon L130.572.Wehrli and Kováts, 1959Celite; Column length: 2.25 m
PackedApiezon L70.570.Wehrli and Kováts, 1959Celite; Column length: 2.25 m

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryOV-101558.Hayes and Pitzer, 1982110. m/0.25 mm/0.20 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 35. C; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryApiezon L559.Louis, 1971N2, 1. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tstart: 60. C

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryPetrocol DH-100569.Haagen-Smit Laboratory, 1997He; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Program: 5C(10min) => 5C/min => 50C(48min) => 1.5C/min => 195C(91min)
CapillaryDB-1567.Hoekman, 199360. m/0.32 mm/1.0 μm, He; Program: -40 C for 12 min; -40 - 125 C at 3 deg.min; 125-185 C at 6 deg/min; 185 - 220 C at 20 deg/min; hold 220 C for 2 min

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryPetrocol DH554.8Censullo, Jones, et al., 200350. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 35. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 200. C @ 10. min
CapillaryDB-5557.9Xu, van Stee, et al., 200330. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He, 2.5 K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryOV-101557.7Yin, Liu, et al., 2001N2, 1. K/min; Column length: 80. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 130. C
CapillaryPetrocol DH555.77Subramaniam, Bochniak, et al., 1994100. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 220. C
CapillaryPetrocol DH555.77Subramaniam, Bochniak, et al., 1994100. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 220. C
CapillaryUltra-1561.Olson, Sinkevitch, et al., 19924. K/min; Tstart: -40. C; Tend: 230. C
CapillaryPetrocol DH556.White, Hackett, et al., 1992100. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 220. C
CapillaryHP-1565.4Bangjie, Xijian, et al., 1987N2, 10. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Tstart: 30. C
CapillaryHP-1564.7Bangjie, Xijian, et al., 1987N2, 2. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Tstart: 30. C
CapillaryHP-1565.4Bangjie, Xijian, et al., 1987N2, 30. C @ 5. min, 5. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm
CapillaryUltra-1556.31Haynes and Pitzer, 198550. m/0.22 mm/0.33 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: -30. C; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryUltra-1558.82Haynes and Pitzer, 198550. m/0.22 mm/0.33 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: -30. C; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryUltra-1560.33Haynes and Pitzer, 198550. m/0.22 mm/0.33 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: -30. C; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryUltra-2556.20Haynes and Pitzer, 198550. m/0.22 mm/0.33 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: -30. C; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryUltra-2558.70Haynes and Pitzer, 198550. m/0.22 mm/0.33 μm, He, 2. K/min; Tstart: -30. C; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryUltra-2560.20Haynes and Pitzer, 198550. m/0.22 mm/0.33 μm, He, 3. K/min; Tstart: -30. C; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryOV-101558.Hayes and Pitzer, 1981108. m/0.25 mm/0.2 μm, 1. K/min; Tstart: 35. C; Tend: 200. C

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryOV-101558.Wu and Lu, 1984Program: not specified

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, isothermal

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Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
CapillaryOV-10140.566.Li and Deng, 1998N2; Column length: 51. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillaryMethyl Silicone50.567.N/AN2; Column length: 74.6 m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm
CapillaryOV-10150.566.Wu and Lu, 1984, 2 
CapillaryOV-10170.569.Wu and Lu, 1984, 2 
CapillarySqualane100.571.Dimov N., 1976 
CapillarySqualane70.569.Dimov N., 1976 
CapillarySqualane86.560.Vigdergauz and Martynov, 1971He; Column length: 150. m; Column diameter: 0.35 mm
CapillaryApiezon L40. to 190.566.Mann, Mühlstädt, et al., 1967Column length: 2. m
CapillarySqualane70.569.Schomburg, 1966 
PackedMethyl Silicone50.563.Huguet, 1961Nitrogen, Celite C-22; Column length: 2.5 m

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxane: CP-Sil 5 CB563.Bramston-Cook, 201360. m/0.25 mm/1.0 μm, Helium, 45. C @ 1.45 min, 3.6 K/min, 210. C @ 2.72 min
CapillaryPetrocol DH567.Supelco, 2012100. m/0.25 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 20. C @ 15. min, 15. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min
CapillaryPONA556.Zhang, Ding, et al., 200950. m/0.20 mm/0.50 μm, Nitrogen, 35. C @ 15. min, 2. K/min, 200. C @ 10. min
CapillaryBP-1563.Health Safety Executive, 200050. m/0.22 mm/0.75 μm, He, 5. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryOV-101564.Orav, Kailas, et al., 199950. m/0.20 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 30. C @ 6. min, 1. K/min; Tend: 100. C
CapillarySE-54556.Guan, Li, et al., 199560. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryDB-1556.Ciccioli, Cecinato, et al., 199260. m/0.32 mm/1.2 μm, He, 30. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 240. C
CapillarySF-96555.Donetzhuber, Johansson, et al., 1976Nitrogen, 3. K/min, 130. C @ 40. min; Column length: 111. m; Column diameter: 0.76 mm; Initial hold: 8. min

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryMethyl Silicone571.Chen and Feng, 2007Program: not specified
CapillaryMethyl Silicone567.Feng and Mu, 2007Program: not specified
CapillaryMethyl Silicone565.Blunden, Aneja, et al., 200560. m/0.32 mm/1.0 μm, Helium; Program: -50 0C (2 min) 8 0C/min -> 200 0C (7.75 min) 25 0C -> 225 0C (8 min)
CapillaryOV-101568.Du and Liang, 2003Program: not specified
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxane568.Junkes, Castanho, et al., 2003Program: not specified
CapillaryPONA569.Perkin Elmer Instruments, 2002Column length: 100. m; Phase thickness: 0.50 μm; Program: not specified
CapillaryMethyl Silicone572.N/AProgram: not specified
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxanes558.Yin, Guo, et al., 2001Program: not specified
CapillaryMethyl Silicone567.Spieksma, 1999Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-5556.Mateo and Zumalacárregui, 199650. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C (10min) => 3C/min => 95C => 10C/min => 270C (10min)
CapillaryDB-5557.Mateo and Zumalacárregui, 199650. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 40C (10min) => 3C/min => 95C => 10C/min => 270C (10min)
CapillaryDB-1553.Ciccioli, Cecinato, et al., 199460. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-1553.Ciccioli, Brancaleoni, et al., 199360. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 3 min at 5 C; 5 - 50 C at 3 deg/min; 50 - 220 C at 5 deg/min
CapillaryOV-101559.Skrbic and Cvejanov, 1993Program: not specified
CapillarySE-52560.van Langenhove and Schamp, 1986Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm; Program: not specified
CapillarySqualane558.Petrov, 1984Program: not specified
CapillaryOV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc.563.Waggott and Davies, 1984Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
CapillaryOV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc.567.Waggott and Davies, 1984Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
PackedSE-30571.Robinson and Odell, 1971N2, Chromosorb W; Column length: 6.1 m; Program: 50C910min) => 20C/min => 90(6min) => 10C/min => 150C(hold)
PackedSqualane571.Robinson and Odell, 1971N2, Embacel; Column length: 3.0 m; Program: 25C(5min) => 2C/min => 35 => 4C/min => 95C(hold)
PackedSE-30571.Robinson and Odell, 1971, 2Chrom W; Column length: 6.1 m; Program: 50C(10min) => 20C/min(2min) => 90C(6min) => 10C/min(6min) => (hold at 150C)
PackedSqualane571.Robinson and Odell, 1971, 2Embacel; Column length: 3.0 m; Program: 25C(5min) => 2C/min(5min) => 4C/min(15min) => (hold at 95C)

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, Gas Chromatography, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

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Hilal, S.H.; Carreira, L.A.; Karickhoff, S.W.; Melton, C.M., Estimation of Gas-Liquid Chromatographic Retention Times from Molecular Structure, J. Chromatogr. A, 1994, 662, 2, 269-280, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(94)80515-6 . [all data]

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Skrbic and Cvejanov, 1992
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Guan, Kiraly, et al., 1989
Guan, Y.; Kiraly, J.; Rijks, J.A., Interactive retention index database for compound identification in temperature-programmed capillary gas chromatography, J. Chromatogr., 1989, 472, 129-143, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)94101-3 . [all data]

Bangjie, Yijian, et al., 1988
Bangjie, C.; Yijian, G.; Shaoyi, P., Calculation of retention indices at an assigned temperature from temperature programmed data, Chromatographia, 1988, 25, 6, 539-542, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02324830 . [all data]

Laub and Purnell, 1988
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Lunskii and Paizanskaya, 1988
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Papazova, Milina, et al., 1988
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Lubeck and Sutton, 1983
Lubeck, A.J.; Sutton, DL., Kovats retention indices of selected hydrocarbons through C10 on bonded phase fused silica capillaries, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Comm., 1983, 6, 6, 328-332, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240060612 . [all data]

Anders, Scheller, et al., 1982
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Chien, C.-F.; Kopecni, M.M.; Laub, R.J., Specific Retention Volumes and Retention Indices of Selected Hydrocarbon Solutes with OV-1 and SE-30 Polydimethylsiloxane Solvents, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Comm., 1981, 4, 10, 539-543, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240041017 . [all data]

Nijs and Jacobs, 1981
Nijs, H.H.; Jacobs, P.A., On-Line Single Run Analysis of Effluents from a Fischer-Tropsch Reactor, J. Chromatogr. Sci., 1981, 19, 1, 40-45, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/19.1.40 . [all data]

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Castello, G.; D'Amato, G., Use of Linear and Branched-Chain Paraffinic Liquid Phases as Non-Polar Reference Materials in Gas Chromatography, J. Chromatogr., 1979, 175, 1, 27-35, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)86400-6 . [all data]

Dimov and Papazova, 1979
Dimov, N.; Papazova, D., Calculation of retention indices of isoparaffins on different phases, Chromatographia, 1979, 12, 7, 443-447, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02302987 . [all data]

Chretien and Dubois, 1976
Chretien, J.R.; Dubois, J.-E., New Perspectives in the Prediction of Kovats Indices, J. Chromatogr., 1976, 126, 171-189, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)84071-1 . [all data]

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Lulova, N.I.; Leont'eva, S.A.; Timofeeva, A.N., Gas-chromatographic method of determination of individual hydrocarbons in catalytic cracking gasolines in Proceedings of All-Union Research Institute on Oil Processes. Vol.18, All-Union Research Institute on Oil Processes, Moscow, 1976, 30-53. [all data]

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Riedo, F.; Fritz, D.; Tarján, G.; Kováts, E.Sz., A tailor-made C87 hydrocarbon as a possible non-polar standard stationary phase for gas chromatography, J. Chromatogr., 1976, 126, 63-83, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)84063-2 . [all data]

Rijks and Cramers, 1974
Rijks, J.A.; Cramers, C.A., High precision capillary gas chromatography of hydrocarbons, Chromatographia, 1974, 7, 3, 99-106, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02269819 . [all data]

Castello, Berg, et al., 1973
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Pacáková, Hoch, et al., 1973
Pacáková, V.; Hoch, K.; Smolková, E., The Effect of Instrumentation on the Precision of Retention Indexes, Chromatographia, 1973, 6, 7, 320-324, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02269334 . [all data]

Sidorov, Petrova, et al., 1972
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Dimov and Schopov, 1971
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Robinson and Odell, 1971
Robinson, P.G.; Odell, A.L., A system of standard retention indices and its uses. The characterisation of stationary phases and the prediction of retention indices, J. Chromatogr., 1971, 57, 1-10, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(71)80001-8 . [all data]

Mitra and Saha, 1970
Mitra, G.D.; Saha, N.C., Determination of Retention Indices of Saturated Hydrocarbons by Graphical Methods, J. Chromatogr. Sci., 1970, 8, 2, 95-102, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/8.2.95 . [all data]

Matukuma, 1969
Matukuma, A., Retention indices of alkanes through C10 and alkenes through C8 and relation between boiling points and retention data, Gas Chromatogr., Int. Symp. Anal. Instrum. Div Instrum Soc. Amer., 1969, 7, 55-75. [all data]

Hively and Hinton, 1968
Hively, R.A.; Hinton, R.E., Variation of the retention index with temperature on squalane substrates, J. Gas Chromatogr., 1968, 6, 4, 203-217, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/6.4.203 . [all data]

Tourres, 1967
Tourres, D.A., Structural analysis of industrial butene dimers by gas chromatography, J. Gas Chromatogr., 1967, 5, 1, 35-40, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/5.1.35 . [all data]

Tourres, 1967, 2
Tourres, D.A., Structure moléculaire et rétention en chromatographie en phase gazeuse. Influence de la température sur l'indice de rétention d'alcanes isomères, J. Chromatogr., 1967, 30, 357-377, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)84168-0 . [all data]

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Evans, M.B., Retention indices of solutes on squalane, dinonyl phthalate, and polyethylene glycol 400, J. Gas Chromatogr., 1966, 4, 1, 1-3, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/4.1.1 . [all data]

Zulaïca and Guiochon, 1966
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Louis, 1971
Louis, R., Kovats-index-tafeln zur gaschromatographischen analyse von kohlenwasserstoffgemischen, Erdoel Kohle Erdgas Petrochem., 1971, 24, 2, 88-94. [all data]

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Hoekman, S.K., Improved gas chromatography procedure for speciated hydrocarbon measurements of vehicle emissions, J. Chromatogr., 1993, 639, 2, 239-253, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(93)80260-F . [all data]

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Notes

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