Chlorine

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Gas phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Ion clustering data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
gas,1 bar223.081 ± 0.010J/mol*KReviewCox, Wagman, et al., 1984CODATA Review value
gas,1 bar223.08J/mol*KReviewChase, 1998Data last reviewed in June, 1982

Gas Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)

Cp° = A + B*t + C*t2 + D*t3 + E/t2
H° − H°298.15= A*t + B*t2/2 + C*t3/3 + D*t4/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t2/2 + D*t3/3 − E/(2*t2) + G
    Cp = heat capacity (J/mol*K)
    H° = standard enthalpy (kJ/mol)
    S° = standard entropy (J/mol*K)
    t = temperature (K) / 1000.

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View table.

Temperature (K) 298. to 1000.1000. to 3000.3000. to 6000.
A 33.0506042.67730-42.55350
B 12.22940-5.00957041.68570
C -12.065101.904621-7.126830
D 4.385330-0.1656410.387839
E -0.159494-2.098480101.1440
F -10.83480-17.28980132.7640
G 259.0290269.8400264.7860
H 0.0000000.0000000.000000
ReferenceChase, 1998Chase, 1998Chase, 1998
Comment Data last reviewed in June, 1982 Data last reviewed in June, 1982 Data last reviewed in June, 1982

Phase change data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tboil239.5KN/AThiele and Schulte, 1920Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.6 K; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Ttriple172.17 ± 0.05KN/AAngus, Armstrong, et al., 1984Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.05 K; TRC
Ttriple172.12KN/AGiauque and Powell, 1939Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.15 K; mean of 5 measurements with thermocouple and Pt res. therm., To = 273.10 K; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Ptriple0.01392 ± 0.00003barN/AAngus, Armstrong, et al., 1984Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.00003 bar; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tc416.956KN/AAngus, Armstrong, et al., 1984TRC
Tc416.9KN/AAmbrose, Hall, et al., 1979Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.5 K; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Pc79.914barN/AAngus, Armstrong, et al., 1984TRC
Pc79.77barN/AAmbrose, Hall, et al., 1979Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.50 bar; Visual, uncertain because of reactivity of element.; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ρc8.1344mol/lN/AAngus, Armstrong, et al., 1984TRC

Antoine Equation Parameters

log10(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (bar)
    T = temperature (K)

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Temperature (K) A B C Reference Comment
155. to 239.43.0213530.591-64.639Stull, 1947Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.
239.4 to 400.34.28814969.992-12.791Stull, 1947Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.

In addition to the Thermodynamics Research Center (TRC) data available from this site, much more physical and chemical property data is available from the following TRC products:


Reaction thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Ion clustering data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

Chlorine anion + Chlorine = Cl3-

By formula: Cl- + Cl2 = Cl3-

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr99.2 ± 5.0kJ/molCIDTNizzi, Pommerening, et al., 1998gas phase; B
Δr69.87kJ/molTherRobbiani and Franklin, 1979gas phase; ΔG≈+1 kcal for Cl- + SO2Cl2 <=> Cl3- + SO2; B
Δr<182.4kJ/molPDisLee, Smith, et al., 1979gas phase; B

Tetrachloroethylene + Chlorine = Ethane, hexachloro-

By formula: C2Cl4 + Cl2 = C2Cl6

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-153.6 ± 2.5kJ/molCmKirkbride, 1956liquid phase; Reanalyzed by Cox and Pilcher, 1970, Original value = -150. kJ/mol; ALS

Chlorine anion + Chlorine = (Chlorine anion • Chlorine)

By formula: Cl- + Cl2 = (Cl- • Cl2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr71.1kJ/molSAMSRobbiani and Franklin, 1979, 2gas phase; based on Cl- + SO2Cl2 <--> Cl3- + SO2; National Bureau of Standards, 1968; M

Cyclobutene, hexafluoro- + Chlorine = Cyclobutane, 1,2-dichloro-1,2,3,3,4,4-hexafluoro-

By formula: C4F6 + Cl2 = C4Cl2F6

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-156.4 ± 4.1kJ/molCmLacher, McKinley, et al., 1949gas phase; Heat of chlorination at 363 °K; ALS

Propene, hexafluoro- + Chlorine = 1,2-Dichlorohexafluoropropane

By formula: C3F6 + Cl2 = C3Cl2F6

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-197.27 ± 0.48kJ/molCmLacher, McKinley, et al., 1949gas phase; Heat of chlorination at 363 °K; ALS

Chlorine + Ethene, chlorotrifluoro- = Ethane, 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoro-

By formula: Cl2 + C2ClF3 = C2Cl3F3

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-204.2 ± 2.0kJ/molCmLacher, McKinley, et al., 1949gas phase; Heat of Chlorination at 363 °K; ALS

Chlorine + Ethene, 1,1-dichloro-2,2-difluoro- = Ethane, 1,1,1,2-tetrachloro-2,2-difluoro-

By formula: Cl2 + C2Cl2F2 = C2Cl4F2

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-171.9 ± 2.3kJ/molCmLacher, McKinley, et al., 1949gas phase; Heat of chlorination at 363 °K; ALS

Ethene, tetrafluoro- + Chlorine = Ethane, 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-

By formula: C2F4 + Cl2 = C2Cl2F4

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-239.84 ± 0.84kJ/molCmLacher, McKinley, et al., 1949, 2gas phase; Chlorination at 90 C; ALS

Ethane, 1,2-dichloro- + Chlorine = Hydrogen chloride + Ethane, 1,1,2-trichloro-

By formula: C2H4Cl2 + Cl2 = HCl + C2H3Cl3

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-116.kJ/molCmKirkbride, 1956liquid phase; Heat of chlorination; ALS

Trichloromethane + Chlorine = Carbon Tetrachloride + Hydrogen chloride

By formula: CHCl3 + Cl2 = CCl4 + HCl

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-93.30kJ/molCmKirkbride, 1956liquid phase; Heat of chlorination; ALS

Ethylene + Chlorine = Ethane, 1,2-dichloro-

By formula: C2H4 + Cl2 = C2H4Cl2

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-182.6 ± 0.63kJ/molCmConn, Kistiakowsky, et al., 1938gas phase; At 355 °K; ALS

Ethylene, 1,2-dichloro-, (Z)- + Chlorine = Ethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloro-

By formula: C2H2Cl2 + Cl2 = C2H2Cl4

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-169.kJ/molCmKirkbride, 1956liquid phase; Heat of chlorination; ALS

bromine chloride + Chlorotrifluoromethane = Bromotrifluoromethane + Chlorine

By formula: BrCl + CClF3 = CBrF3 + Cl2

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr44.73 ± 0.63kJ/molEqkCoomber and Whittle, 1967gas phase; ALS

bromine chloride + Pentafluoroethyl chloride = C2BrF5 + Chlorine

By formula: BrCl + C2ClF5 = C2BrF5 + Cl2

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr43. ± 3.kJ/molEqkCoomber and Whittle, 1967gas phase; ALS

Ethylene, 1,2-dichloro-, (Z)- = Acetylene + Chlorine

By formula: C2H2Cl2 = C2H2 + Cl2

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr21.kJ/molKinLaursen and Pimentel, 1989gas phase; Photolyses; ALS

1-Butene, 1,1,2,3,3,4,4,4-octafluoro- + Chlorine = Butane, 1,2-dichlorooctafluoro-

By formula: C4F8 + Cl2 = C4Cl2F8

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-188.2 ± 1.3kJ/molCmLacher, Kianpour, et al., 1957gas phase; ALS

C5F10 + Chlorine = C5Cl2F10

By formula: C5F10 + Cl2 = C5Cl2F10

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-190.8 ± 1.7kJ/molCmLacher, Kianpour, et al., 1957, 2gas phase; ALS

Ethane, hexachloro- = Tetrachloroethylene + Chlorine

By formula: C2Cl6 = C2Cl4 + Cl2

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr132.6 ± 4.2kJ/molEqkPuyo, Balesdent, et al., 1963gas phase; ALS

1,1,3,3,3-Pentafluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)-1-propene + Chlorine = Propane, 1,2-dichloropentafluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)-

By formula: C4F8 + Cl2 = C4Cl2F8

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-176.6 ± 2.1kJ/molCmLacher, Kianpour, et al., 1957, 2gas phase; ALS

Cyclohexane, chloro- + Hydrogen chloride = Cyclohexane + Chlorine

By formula: C6H11Cl + HCl = C6H12 + Cl2

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-143.1kJ/molCmKirkbride, 1956liquid phase; ALS

Benzene + Chlorine = Benzene, chloro- + Hydrogen chloride

By formula: C6H6 + Cl2 = C6H5Cl + HCl

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-134.kJ/molCmKirkbride, 1956liquid phase; ALS

Chlorine + Trichloroethylene = Ethane, pentachloro-

By formula: Cl2 + C2HCl3 = C2HCl5

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-151.kJ/molCmKirkbride, 1956liquid phase; ALS

Ion clustering data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
B - John E. Bartmess

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. Searches may be limited to ion clustering reactions. A general reaction search form is also available.

Clustering reactions

Chlorine anion + Chlorine = (Chlorine anion • Chlorine)

By formula: Cl- + Cl2 = (Cl- • Cl2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr71.1kJ/molSAMSRobbiani and Franklin, 1979, 2gas phase; based on Cl- + SO2Cl2 <--> Cl3- + SO2; National Bureau of Standards, 1968; M

Chlorine anion + Chlorine = Cl3-

By formula: Cl- + Cl2 = Cl3-

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr99.2 ± 5.0kJ/molCIDTNizzi, Pommerening, et al., 1998gas phase; B
Δr69.87kJ/molTherRobbiani and Franklin, 1979gas phase; ΔG≈+1 kcal for Cl- + SO2Cl2 <=> Cl3- + SO2; B
Δr<182.4kJ/molPDisLee, Smith, et al., 1979gas phase; B

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Ion clustering data, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Cox, Wagman, et al., 1984
Cox, J.D.; Wagman, D.D.; Medvedev, V.A., CODATA Key Values for Thermodynamics, Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, 1984, 1. [all data]

Chase, 1998
Chase, M.W., Jr., NIST-JANAF Themochemical Tables, Fourth Edition, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Monograph 9, 1998, 1-1951. [all data]

Thiele and Schulte, 1920
Thiele, A.; Schulte, E., Binary equilibrium systems with solid carbon dioxide, Z. Phys. Chem., Stoechiom. Verwandtschaftsl., 1920, 96, 312-42. [all data]

Angus, Armstrong, et al., 1984
Angus, S.; Armstrong, B.; de Reuck, K.M., International Thermodynamic Tables of the Fluid State - Chlorine, Pergamon, Oxford, 1984. [all data]

Giauque and Powell, 1939
Giauque, W.F.; Powell, T.M., Chlorine. The Heat Capacity, Vapor Pressure, Heats of Fusion and Vaporiza- tion, and Entropy, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1939, 61, 1970. [all data]

Ambrose, Hall, et al., 1979
Ambrose, D.; Hall, D.J.; Lee, D.A.; Lewis, G.B., Vapor pressure of chlorine, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1979, 11, 1089. [all data]

Stull, 1947
Stull, Daniel R., Vapor Pressure of Pure Substances. Organic and Inorganic Compounds, Ind. Eng. Chem., 1947, 39, 4, 517-540, https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50448a022 . [all data]

Nizzi, Pommerening, et al., 1998
Nizzi, K.E.; Pommerening, C.A.; Sunderlin, L.S., Gas-phase thermochemistry of polyhalide anions, J. Phys. Chem. A, 1998, 102, 39, 7674-7679, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp9824508 . [all data]

Robbiani and Franklin, 1979
Robbiani, R.; Franklin, J.L., Formation of the trihalide ion Cl3- in the gas phase, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1979, 101, 764. [all data]

Lee, Smith, et al., 1979
Lee, L.C.; Smith, G.P.; Moseley, J.T.; Cosby, P.C.; Guest, J.A., Photodissociation and photodetachment of Cl2-, ClO-, Cl3-, and BrCl2-, J. Chem. Phys., 1979, 70, 3237. [all data]

Kirkbride, 1956
Kirkbride, F.W., The heats of chlorination of some hydrocarbons and their chloro-derivatives, J. Appl. Chem., 1956, 6, 11-21. [all data]

Cox and Pilcher, 1970
Cox, J.D.; Pilcher, G., Thermochemistry of Organic and Organometallic Compounds, Academic Press, New York, 1970, 1-636. [all data]

Robbiani and Franklin, 1979, 2
Robbiani, R.; Franklin, J.L., Negative ion-molecule reaction in sulfuryl halides, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1979, 101, 3709. [all data]

National Bureau of Standards, 1968
National Bureau of Standards, US, Technical Note 270 - 3 in The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties, 1968. [all data]

Lacher, McKinley, et al., 1949
Lacher, J.R.; McKinley, J.J.; Walden, C.; Lea, K.; Park, J.D., Reaction heats of organic fluorine compounds. II. The vapor phase heats of chlorination of some simple fluoroolefins, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1949, 71, 1334-1337. [all data]

Lacher, McKinley, et al., 1949, 2
Lacher, J.R.; McKinley, J.J.; Snow, C.M.; Michel, L.; Nelson, G.; Park, J.D., Reaction heats of organic fluorine compounds. I. Apparatus and the heat of chlorination of tetrafluoroethylene, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1949, 71, 1330-1334. [all data]

Conn, Kistiakowsky, et al., 1938
Conn, J.B.; Kistiakowsky, G.B.; Smith, E.A., Heats of organic reactions. VII. Addition of halogens to olefins, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1938, 60, 2764-2771. [all data]

Coomber and Whittle, 1967
Coomber, J.W.; Whittle, E., Bond dissociation energies from equilibrium studies. Part 3.-D(CF3-Cl), D(C2F5-Cl) and the enthalpy of formation of CF3Cl, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1967, 63, 2656-2667. [all data]

Laursen and Pimentel, 1989
Laursen, S.L.; Pimentel, G.C., Matrix-induced intersystem crossing in the photochemistry of the 1,2-dichloroethenes, J. Phys. Chem., 1989, 93, 2328-2333. [all data]

Lacher, Kianpour, et al., 1957
Lacher, J.R.; Kianpour, A.; Park, J.D., Reaction heats of organic halogen compounds. X. Vapor phase heats of hydrobromination of cyclopropane and propylene, J. Phys. Chem., 1957, 61, 1124-1125. [all data]

Lacher, Kianpour, et al., 1957, 2
Lacher, J.R.; Kianpour, A.; Park, J.D., Reaction heats of organic halogen compounds. VIII. The heats of chlorination of perfluorinated butene-1 pentene-1 and isobutene, J. Phys. Chem., 1957, 61, 584-586. [all data]

Puyo, Balesdent, et al., 1963
Puyo, J.; Balesdent, D.; Niclause, M.; Dzierzynski, M., Etude analytique et thermodynamique de la pyrolyse de l'hexachloroethane en phase gazeuse., Compt. Rend., 1963, 256, 3471-3473. [all data]


Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Ion clustering data, References