Ammonia

• Formula: H₃N
• Molecular weight: 17.0305
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/H3N/h1H3 Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 7664-41-7
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
  The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
• Isotopologues:
  • Ammonia-d3
• Other names: Ammonia gas; Nitro-Sil; Spirit of Hartshorn; NH3; Ammonia, anhydrous; Anhydrous ammonia; Aromatic Ammonia, Vaporole
• Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
• Information on this page:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Phase change data
  • Reaction thermochemistry data (reactions 1 to 50)
  • Henry's Law data
  • References
  • Notes
• Other data available:
  • Reaction thermochemistry data: reactions 51 to 100, reactions 101 to 146
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • Ion clustering data
  • IR Spectrum
  • Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
  • Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels
  • Gas Chromatography
  • Fluid Properties
• Data at other public NIST sites:
  • Electron-Impact Ionization Cross Sections (on physics web site)
  • Gas Phase Kinetics Database
  • X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Database, version 5.0
• Options:
  • Switch to calorie-based units

Data at NIST subscription sites:

• NIST / TRC Web Thermo Tables, "lite" edition (thermophysical and thermochemical data)
• NIST / TRC Web Thermo Tables, professional edition (thermophysical and thermochemical data)

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Gas phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Gas Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)

C_p° = A + B*t + C*t² + D*t³ + E/t²
H° − H°_298.15= A*t + B*t²/2 + C*t³/3 + D*t⁴/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t²/2 + D*t³/3 − E/(2*t²) + G
    C_p = heat capacity (J/mol*K)
    H° = standard enthalpy (kJ/mol)
    S° = standard entropy (J/mol*K)
    t = temperature (K) / 1000.

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View table.

Phase change data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos

Enthalpy of vaporization

Antoine Equation Parameters

log₁₀(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (bar)
    T = temperature (K)

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Enthalpy of sublimation

Reaction thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Henry's Law data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
B - John E. Bartmess
RCD - Robert C. Dunbar

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Reactions 1 to 50

( • 3) +  = ( • 4)

By formula: (H₄N⁺ • 3H₃N) + H₃N = (H₄N⁺ • 4H₃N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

( • 2) +  = ( • 3)

By formula: (H₄N⁺ • 2H₃N) + H₃N = (H₄N⁺ • 3H₃N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (H₄N⁺ • H₃N) + H₃N = (H₄N⁺ • 2H₃N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

 +  = ( • )

By formula: H₄N⁺ + H₃N = (H₄N⁺ • H₃N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Cl^- + H₃N = (Cl^- • H₃N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

( • 4) +  = ( • 5)

By formula: (H₄N⁺ • 4H₃N) + H₃N = (H₄N⁺ • 5H₃N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Li⁺ + H₃N = (Li⁺ • H₃N)

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (Na⁺ • H₃N) + H₃N = (Na⁺ • 2H₃N)

H₂N^- +  =

By formula: H₂N^- + H⁺ = H₃N

C₄H₉⁺ +  = (C₄H₉⁺ • )

By formula: C₄H₉⁺ + H₃N = (C₄H₉⁺ • H₃N)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Na⁺ + H₃N = (Na⁺ • H₃N)

Free energy of reaction

C₃H₉Sn⁺ +  = (C₃H₉Sn⁺ • )

By formula: C₃H₉Sn⁺ + H₃N = (C₃H₉Sn⁺ • H₃N)

Free energy of reaction

( • 3 • ) +  = ( • 4 • )

By formula: (H₄N⁺ • 3CHN • H₃N) + CHN = (H₄N⁺ • 4CHN • H₃N)

Free energy of reaction

 +  = ( • )

By formula: I^- + H₃N = (I^- • H₃N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

( •  • 2) +  = ( • 2 • 2)

By formula: (H₄N⁺ • H₃N • 2CHN) + H₃N = (H₄N⁺ • 2H₃N • 2CHN)

Free energy of reaction

( •  • 2) +  = ( • 2 • 2)

By formula: (H₄N⁺ • CHN • 2H₃N) + CHN = (H₄N⁺ • 2CHN • 2H₃N)

Free energy of reaction

( • ) +  = ( •  • )

By formula: (H₄N⁺ • CHN) + H₃N = (H₄N⁺ • H₃N • CHN)

Free energy of reaction

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Br^- + H₃N = (Br^- • H₃N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

( • 5) +  = ( • 6)

By formula: (H₄N⁺ • 5H₃N) + H₃N = (H₄N⁺ • 6H₃N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: K⁺ + H₃N = (K⁺ • H₃N)

( • 2) +  = ( •  • 2)

By formula: (H₄N⁺ • 2H₃N) + CHN = (H₄N⁺ • CHN • 2H₃N)

( •  • 2) +  = ( • 2 • 2)

By formula: (H₄N⁺ • H₃N • 2H₂O) + H₃N = (H₄N⁺ • 2H₃N • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

( •  • 2) +  = ( • 2 • 2)

By formula: (H₄N⁺ • H₂O • 2H₃N) + H₂O = (H₄N⁺ • 2H₂O • 2H₃N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

(C₆H₁₅O₃⁺ • ) +  = (C₆H₁₅O₃⁺ •  • )

By formula: (C₆H₁₅O₃⁺ • H₃N) + C₆H₁₄O₃ = (C₆H₁₅O₃⁺ • C₆H₁₄O₃ • H₃N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds between protonated and neutral organics

( • 2 • ) +  = ( • 3 • )

By formula: (H₄N⁺ • 2H₃N • H₂O) + H₃N = (H₄N⁺ • 3H₃N • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

( • 2 • ) +  = ( • 3 • )

By formula: (H₄N⁺ • 2H₂O • H₃N) + H₂O = (H₄N⁺ • 3H₂O • H₃N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

( •  • ) +  = ( • 2 • )

By formula: (H₄N⁺ • H₃N • H₂O) + H₃N = (H₄N⁺ • 2H₃N • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

( •  • ) +  = ( • 2 • )

By formula: (H₄N⁺ • H₂O • H₃N) + H₂O = (H₄N⁺ • 2H₂O • H₃N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

( • 2) +  = ( •  • 2)

By formula: (H₄N⁺ • 2H₃N) + H₂O = (H₄N⁺ • H₂O • 2H₃N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

( • 2) +  = ( •  • 2)

By formula: (H₄N⁺ • 2H₂O) + H₃N = (H₄N⁺ • H₃N • 2H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

( • 3) +  = ( •  • 3)

By formula: (H₄N⁺ • 3H₃N) + H₂O = (H₄N⁺ • H₂O • 3H₃N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

( • 3) +  = ( •  • 3)

By formula: (H₄N⁺ • 3H₂O) + H₃N = (H₄N⁺ • H₃N • 3H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

( • ) +  = ( •  • )

By formula: (H₄N⁺ • H₃N) + H₂O = (H₄N⁺ • H₂O • H₃N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

( • ) +  = ( •  • )

By formula: (H₄N⁺ • H₂O) + H₃N = (H₄N⁺ • H₃N • H₂O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

( • ) +  = ( •  • )

By formula: (H₄N⁺ • C₄H₁₀O₂) + H₃N = (H₄N⁺ • H₃N • C₄H₁₀O₂)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: H^- + H₃N = (H^- • H₃N)

( • 2) +  = ( • 3)

By formula: (Cu⁺ • 2H₃N) + H₃N = (Cu⁺ • 3H₃N)

( • 3) +  = ( • 4)

By formula: (Cu⁺ • 3H₃N) + H₃N = (Cu⁺ • 4H₃N)

( • 2) +  = ( • 3)

By formula: (Pb⁺ • 2H₃N) + H₃N = (Pb⁺ • 3H₃N)

( • 3) +  = ( • 4)

By formula: (Pb⁺ • 3H₃N) + H₃N = (Pb⁺ • 4H₃N)

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (Pb⁺ • H₃N) + H₃N = (Pb⁺ • 2H₃N)

C₂H₈N⁺ +  = (C₂H₈N⁺ • )

By formula: C₂H₈N⁺ + H₃N = (C₂H₈N⁺ • H₃N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

C₆H₁₅O₃⁺ +  = (C₆H₁₅O₃⁺ • )

By formula: C₆H₁₅O₃⁺ + H₃N = (C₆H₁₅O₃⁺ • H₃N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

CH₆N⁺ +  = (CH₆N⁺ • )

By formula: CH₆N⁺ + H₃N = (CH₆N⁺ • H₃N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Pb⁺ + H₃N = (Pb⁺ • H₃N)

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (H^- • H₃N) + H₃N = (H^- • 2H₃N)

(H₂N^- • ) +  = (H₂N^- • 2)

By formula: (H₂N^- • H₃N) + H₃N = (H₂N^- • 2H₃N)

( • 2 • ) +  = ( • 3 • )

By formula: (H₄N⁺ • 2CHN • H₃N) + CHN = (H₄N⁺ • 3CHN • H₃N)

( •  • ) +  = ( • 2 • )

By formula: (H₄N⁺ • CHN • H₃N) + CHN = (H₄N⁺ • 2CHN • H₃N)

( • 2 • ) +  = ( • 3 • )

By formula: (H₄N⁺ • 2H₃N • C₂H₃N) + H₃N = (H₄N⁺ • 3H₃N • C₂H₃N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Henry's Law data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Rolf Sander

Henry's Law constant (water solution)

k_H(T) = k°_H exp(d(ln(k_H))/d(1/T) ((1/T) - 1/(298.15 K)))
k°_H = Henry's law constant for solubility in water at 298.15 K (mol/(kg*bar))
d(ln(k_H))/d(1/T) = Temperature dependence constant (K)

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Cox, Wagman, et al., 1984
Cox, J.D.; Wagman, D.D.; Medvedev, V.A., CODATA Key Values for Thermodynamics, Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, 1984, 1. [all data]

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Brunner, E., Fluid Mixtures at High Pressures VI. Phase Separation and Critical Phenomena in 18 (n-Alkane + Ammonia) and 4 (n-Alkane _ Methanol) Mixtures, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1988, 20, 273. [all data]

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Zander, Manfred; Thomas, Wilhelm, Some thermodynamic properties of liquid ammonia: PVT data, vapor pressure, and critical temperature, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1979, 24, 1, 1-2, https://doi.org/10.1021/je60080a003 . [all data]

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Fehsenfeld, F.C.; Ferguson, E.E., Thermal Energy Positive Ion Reactions in a Wet Atmosphere Containing Ammonia, J. Chem. Phys., 1973, 59, 12, 6272, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1680006 . [all data]

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Puckett, L.J.; Teague, M.W., Ion-Molecule Reactions in NO - NH3 Gas Mixtures, J. Chem. Phys., 1971, 54, 11, 4860, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1674763 . [all data]

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Payzant, J.D.; Cunningham, A.J.; Kebarle, P., Gas - Phase Solvation of Ammonium Ion by NH3 and H2O and Stabilities of Mixed Clusters NH4+(NH3)n(H2O)w, Can. J. Chem., 1973, 51, 19, 3242, https://doi.org/10.1139/v73-485 . [all data]

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Evans, D.H.; Keesee, R.G.; Castleman Jr., The Association of Ammonia with Halide Ions in the Gas Phase, J. Chem. Phys., 1987, 86, 5, 2927, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.452043 . [all data]

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Check, C.E.; Faust, T.O.; Bailey, J.M.; Wright, B.J.; Gilbert, T.M.; Sunderlin, L.S., Addition of Polarization and Diffuse Functions to the LANL2DZ Basis Set for P-Block Elements, J. Phys. Chem. A,, 2001, 105, 34, 8111, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp011945l . [all data]

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Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, References

• Symbols used in this document:
  

  Pc	Critical pressure
  Ptriple	Triple point pressure
  S°gas,1 bar	Entropy of gas at standard conditions (1 bar)
  T	Temperature
  Tc	Critical temperature
  Tfus	Fusion (melting) point
  d(ln(kH))/d(1/T)	Temperature dependence parameter for Henry's Law constant
  k°H	Henry's Law constant at 298.15K
  ΔfH°gas	Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions
  ΔrG°	Free energy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔrH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔrS°	Entropy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔsubH	Enthalpy of sublimation
  ΔvapH	Enthalpy of vaporization

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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