Ammonia

Data at NIST subscription sites:

NIST subscription sites provide data under the NIST Standard Reference Data Program, but require an annual fee to access. The purpose of the fee is to recover costs associated with the development of data collections included in such sites. Your institution may already be a subscriber. Follow the links above to find out more about the data in these sites and their terms of usage.


Gas phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfgas-45.94 ± 0.35kJ/molReviewCox, Wagman, et al., 1984CODATA Review value
Δfgas-45.90kJ/molReviewChase, 1998Data last reviewed in June, 1977
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
gas,1 bar192.77 ± 0.05J/mol*KReviewCox, Wagman, et al., 1984CODATA Review value
gas,1 bar192.77J/mol*KReviewChase, 1998Data last reviewed in June, 1977

Gas Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)

Cp° = A + B*t + C*t2 + D*t3 + E/t2
H° − H°298.15= A*t + B*t2/2 + C*t3/3 + D*t4/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t2/2 + D*t3/3 − E/(2*t2) + G
    Cp = heat capacity (J/mol*K)
    H° = standard enthalpy (kJ/mol)
    S° = standard entropy (J/mol*K)
    t = temperature (K) / 1000.

View plot Requires a JavaScript / HTML 5 canvas capable browser.

View table.

Temperature (K) 298. to 1400.1400. to 6000.
A 19.9956352.02427
B 49.7711918.48801
C -15.37599-3.765128
D 1.9211680.248541
E 0.189174-12.45799
F -53.30667-85.53895
G 203.8591223.8022
H -45.89806-45.89806
ReferenceChase, 1998Chase, 1998
Comment Data last reviewed in June, 1977 Data last reviewed in June, 1977

Phase change data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tfus194.95KN/ATimmermans, 1921Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.3 K; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Ptriple0.06060barN/AFonseca and Lobo, 1989Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.00005 bar; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tc405.4KN/ABrunner, 1988Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.1 K; TRC
Tc405.6KN/AHentze, 1977Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 5. K; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Pc113.00barN/ABrunner, 1988Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.05 bar; TRC

Enthalpy of vaporization

ΔvapH (kJ/mol) Temperature (K) Method Reference Comment
22.7308.N/AZander and Thomas, 1979Based on data from 293. to 392. K.; AC
23.5239.N/AOverstreet and Giauque, 1937Based on data from 199. to 241. K.; AC
23.4239.COverstreet and Giauque, 1937AC

Antoine Equation Parameters

log10(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (bar)
    T = temperature (K)

View plot Requires a JavaScript / HTML 5 canvas capable browser.

Temperature (K) A B C Reference Comment
164.0 to 239.63.18757506.713-80.78Stull, 1947Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.
239.6 to 371.54.868861113.928-10.409Stull, 1947Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.

Enthalpy of sublimation

ΔsubH (kJ/mol) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
31.2177. to 195.Overstreet and Giauque, 1937AC

In addition to the Thermodynamics Research Center (TRC) data available from this site, much more physical and chemical property data is available from the following TRC products:


Reaction thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
B - John E. Bartmess
RCD - Robert C. Dunbar

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Reactions 1 to 50

(NH4+ • 3Ammonia) + Ammonia = (NH4+ • 4Ammonia)

By formula: (H4N+ • 3H3N) + H3N = (H4N+ • 4H3N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr51. ± 4.kJ/molAVGN/AAverage of 5 out of 10 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr118. ± 8.J/mol*KAVGN/AAverage of 3 out of 7 values; Individual data points

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
14.296.FAFehsenfeld and Ferguson, 1973gas phase; M

(NH4+ • 2Ammonia) + Ammonia = (NH4+ • 3Ammonia)

By formula: (H4N+ • 2H3N) + H3N = (H4N+ • 3H3N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr50. ± 20.kJ/molAVGN/AAverage of 6 out of 9 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr105. ± 5.J/mol*KAVGN/AAverage of 4 out of 7 values; Individual data points

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
27.296.FAFehsenfeld and Ferguson, 1973gas phase; M
27.296.SAMSPuckett and Teague, 1971gas phase; M

(NH4+ • Ammonia) + Ammonia = (NH4+ • 2Ammonia)

By formula: (H4N+ • H3N) + H3N = (H4N+ • 2H3N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr70. ± 5.kJ/molAVGN/AAverage of 5 out of 8 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr100.J/mol*KHPMSTang and Castleman, 1975gas phase; M
Δr99.2J/mol*KPHPMSArshadi and Futrell, 1974gas phase; M
Δr104.J/mol*KDTLong and Franklin, 1973gas phase; M
Δr112.J/mol*KPHPMSSearles and Kebarle, 1968gas phase; M
Δr95.8J/mol*KPHPMSPayzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973gas phase; typographical error in ΔrH; M

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
41.296.FAFehsenfeld and Ferguson, 1973gas phase; DG>; M
42.3296.SAMSPuckett and Teague, 1971gas phase; M
23.400.HPMSWincel, 1972gas phase; M

NH4+ + Ammonia = (NH4+ • Ammonia)

By formula: H4N+ + H3N = (H4N+ • H3N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr107. ± 6.kJ/molAVGN/AAverage of 4 out of 9 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr111. ± 10.J/mol*KAVGN/AAverage of 4 out of 6 values; Individual data points

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
26.400.HPMSWincel, 1972gas phase; M

Chlorine anion + Ammonia = (Chlorine anion • Ammonia)

By formula: Cl- + H3N = (Cl- • H3N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr<30.5 ± 1.7kJ/molN/ATschurl and Boesl, 2008gas phase; B
Δr34.3 ± 0.42kJ/molTDAsEvans, Keesee, et al., 1987gas phase; B,M
Δr37. ± 5.0kJ/molN/AMarkovich, Chesnovsky, et al., 1993gas phase; B
Δr44. ± 17.kJ/molIMRELarson and McMahon, 1984gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr64.4J/mol*KHPMSEvans, Keesee, et al., 1987gas phase; M
Δr83.3J/mol*KN/ALarson and McMahon, 1984gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)CH3F, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Larson and McMahon, 1984, 2; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr15.1 ± 0.84kJ/molTDAsEvans, Keesee, et al., 1987gas phase; B
Δr19. ± 8.4kJ/molIMRELarson and McMahon, 1984gas phase; B,M

(NH4+ • 4Ammonia) + Ammonia = (NH4+ • 5Ammonia)

By formula: (H4N+ • 4H3N) + H3N = (H4N+ • 5H3N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr29.kJ/molPHPMSArshadi and Futrell, 1974gas phase; M
Δr31.kJ/molPHPMSSearles and Kebarle, 1968gas phase; M
Δr30.kJ/molMKERWei, Tzeng, et al., 1990gas phase; from graph; M
Δr12.kJ/molTPEPICOKamke, Herrmann, et al., 1988gas phase; M
Δr40.kJ/molDTLong and Franklin, 1973gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr90.0J/mol*KPHPMSArshadi and Futrell, 1974gas phase; M
Δr100.J/mol*KPHPMSSearles and Kebarle, 1968gas phase; M
Δr130.J/mol*KDTLong and Franklin, 1973gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr2.kJ/molHPMSHogg, Haynes, et al., 1966gas phase; M

Lithium ion (1+) + Ammonia = (Lithium ion (1+) • Ammonia)

By formula: Li+ + H3N = (Li+ • H3N)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr164.kJ/molICRWoodin and Beauchamp, 1978gas phase; switching reaction(Li+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970 interpolated; M
Δr161.kJ/molICRStaley and Beauchamp, 1975gas phase; switching reaction(Li+)H2O, from graph; Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970 extrapolated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr96.J/mol*KN/AWoodin and Beauchamp, 1978gas phase; switching reaction(Li+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970 interpolated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr134.kJ/molICRWoodin and Beauchamp, 1978gas phase; switching reaction(Li+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970 interpolated; M

(Sodium ion (1+) • Ammonia) + Ammonia = (Sodium ion (1+) • 2Ammonia)

By formula: (Na+ • H3N) + H3N = (Na+ • 2H3N)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr93. ± 5.kJ/molAVGN/AAverage of 6 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr105.J/mol*KHPMSCastleman, Holland, et al., 1978gas phase; M

H2N- + Hydrogen cation = Ammonia

By formula: H2N- + H+ = H3N

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1688.0 ± 1.2kJ/molD-EAWickham-Jones, Ervin, et al., 1989gas phase; B
Δr1688.5 ± 3.3kJ/molG+TSMacKay, Hemsworth, et al., 1976gas phase; B
Δr1683.2kJ/molN/ACheck, Faust, et al., 2001gas phase; HCrO3(t); ; ΔS(EA)=6.6; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr1656.8 ± 1.6kJ/molH-TSWickham-Jones, Ervin, et al., 1989gas phase; B
Δr1657.3 ± 2.9kJ/molIMREMacKay, Hemsworth, et al., 1976gas phase; B
Δr1654.4kJ/molN/ACheck, Faust, et al., 2001gas phase; HCrO3(t); ; ΔS(EA)=6.6; B

C4H9+ + Ammonia = (C4H9+ • Ammonia)

By formula: C4H9+ + H3N = (C4H9+ • H3N)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr196.kJ/molPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner) and Sieck, 1991gas phase; forms t-C4H9NH3+; M
Δr190.kJ/molPHPMSSzulejko and McMahon, 1991gas phase; forms t-C4H9NH3+; M
Δr195.kJ/molPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner) and Sieck, 1990gas phase; forms t-C4H9NH3+; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr183.J/mol*KPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner) and Sieck, 1991gas phase; forms t-C4H9NH3+; M
Δr198.J/mol*KPHPMSSzulejko and McMahon, 1991gas phase; forms t-C4H9NH3+; M
Δr184.J/mol*KPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner) and Sieck, 1990gas phase; forms t-C4H9NH3+; M

Sodium ion (1+) + Ammonia = (Sodium ion (1+) • Ammonia)

By formula: Na+ + H3N = (Na+ • H3N)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr102. ± 5.4kJ/molCIDCAmicangelo and Armentrout, 2001Anchor NH3=24.41; RCD
Δr102. ± 5.4kJ/molCIDTArmentrout and Rodgers, 2000RCD
Δr107. ± 0.8kJ/molHPMSHoyau, Norrman, et al., 1999RCD
Δr122.kJ/molHPMSCastleman, Holland, et al., 1978gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr91200.J/mol*KHPMSHoyau, Norrman, et al., 1999RCD
Δr108.J/mol*KHPMSCastleman, Holland, et al., 1978gas phase; M

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
77.8298.IMREMcMahon and Ohanessian, 2000Anchor alanine=39.89; RCD

C3H9Sn+ + Ammonia = (C3H9Sn+ • Ammonia)

By formula: C3H9Sn+ + H3N = (C3H9Sn+ • H3N)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr154.kJ/molPHPMSStone and Splinter, 1984gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)3Sn+)CH3OH/NH3, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr122.J/mol*KN/AStone and Splinter, 1984gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)3Sn+)CH3OH/NH3, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
90.4525.PHPMSStone and Splinter, 1984gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)3Sn+)CH3OH/NH3, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(NH4+ • 3Hydrogen cyanide • Ammonia) + Hydrogen cyanide = (NH4+ • 4Hydrogen cyanide • Ammonia)

By formula: (H4N+ • 3CHN • H3N) + CHN = (H4N+ • 4CHN • H3N)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr36.kJ/molPHPMSDeakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, T = 392 in paper is error; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr84.J/mol*KN/ADeakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, T = 392 in paper is error; M

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
11.292.PHPMSDeakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, T = 392 in paper is error; M

Iodide + Ammonia = (Iodide • Ammonia)

By formula: I- + H3N = (I- • H3N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr31.0 ± 1.3kJ/molTDAsEvans, Keesee, et al., 1987gas phase; B,M
Δr31. ± 4.2kJ/molTDAsCaldwell, Masucci, et al., 1989gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr87.4J/mol*KHPMSEvans, Keesee, et al., 1987gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr5.0 ± 2.5kJ/molTDAsEvans, Keesee, et al., 1987gas phase; B

(NH4+ • Ammonia • 2Hydrogen cyanide) + Ammonia = (NH4+ • 2Ammonia • 2Hydrogen cyanide)

By formula: (H4N+ • H3N • 2CHN) + H3N = (H4N+ • 2H3N • 2CHN)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr54.0kJ/molPHPMSDeakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr84.J/mol*KN/ADeakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
28.315.PHPMSDeakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(NH4+ • Hydrogen cyanide • 2Ammonia) + Hydrogen cyanide = (NH4+ • 2Hydrogen cyanide • 2Ammonia)

By formula: (H4N+ • CHN • 2H3N) + CHN = (H4N+ • 2CHN • 2H3N)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr46.9kJ/molPHPMSDeakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr84.J/mol*KN/ADeakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
21.315.PHPMSDeakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(NH4+ • Hydrogen cyanide) + Ammonia = (NH4+ • Ammonia • Hydrogen cyanide)

By formula: (H4N+ • CHN) + H3N = (H4N+ • H3N • CHN)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr78.7kJ/molPHPMSDeakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr92.J/mol*KN/ADeakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

ΔrG° (kJ/mol) T (K) Method Reference Comment
39.429.PHPMSDeakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Bromine anion + Ammonia = (Bromine anion • Ammonia)

By formula: Br- + H3N = (Br- • H3N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (negative ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr32.2 ± 0.42kJ/molTDAsEvans, Keesee, et al., 1987gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr79.9J/mol*KHPMSEvans, Keesee, et al., 1987gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr8.37 ± 0.84kJ/molTDAsEvans, Keesee, et al., 1987gas phase; B

(NH4+ • 5Ammonia) + Ammonia = (NH4+ • 6Ammonia)

By formula: (H4N+ • 5H3N) + H3N = (H4N+ • 6H3N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr27.kJ/molPHPMSArshadi and Futrell, 1974gas phase; M
Δr30.kJ/molMKERWei, Tzeng, et al., 1990gas phase; from graph; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr91.6J/mol*KPHPMSArshadi and Futrell, 1974gas phase; M

Potassium ion (1+) + Ammonia = (Potassium ion (1+) • Ammonia)

By formula: K+ + H3N = (K+ • H3N)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr84.1kJ/molHPMSCastleman, 1978gas phase; M
Δr74.5kJ/molHPMSDavidson and Kebarle, 1976gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr96.2J/mol*KHPMSCastleman, 1978gas phase; M
Δr117.J/mol*KHPMSDavidson and Kebarle, 1976gas phase; M

(NH4+ • 2Ammonia) + Hydrogen cyanide = (NH4+ • Hydrogen cyanide • 2Ammonia)

By formula: (H4N+ • 2H3N) + CHN = (H4N+ • CHN • 2H3N)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr56.1kJ/molPHPMSDeakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr76.6J/mol*KN/ADeakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(NH4+ • Ammonia • 2Water) + Ammonia = (NH4+ • 2Ammonia • 2Water)

By formula: (H4N+ • H3N • 2H2O) + H3N = (H4N+ • 2H3N • 2H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr65.7kJ/molPHPMSPayzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr142.J/mol*KPHPMSPayzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973gas phase; M

(NH4+ • Water • 2Ammonia) + Water = (NH4+ • 2Water • 2Ammonia)

By formula: (H4N+ • H2O • 2H3N) + H2O = (H4N+ • 2H2O • 2H3N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr49.0kJ/molPHPMSPayzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr116.J/mol*KPHPMSPayzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973gas phase; M

(C6H15O3+ • Ammonia) + Ethane, 1,1'-oxybis[2-methoxy- = (C6H15O3+ • Ethane, 1,1'-oxybis[2-methoxy- • Ammonia)

By formula: (C6H15O3+ • H3N) + C6H14O3 = (C6H15O3+ • C6H14O3 • H3N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds between protonated and neutral organics

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr128.kJ/molPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1996gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr213.J/mol*KPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1996gas phase; M

(NH4+ • 2Ammonia • Water) + Ammonia = (NH4+ • 3Ammonia • Water)

By formula: (H4N+ • 2H3N • H2O) + H3N = (H4N+ • 3H3N • H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr62.8kJ/molPHPMSPayzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr144.J/mol*KPHPMSPayzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973gas phase; M

(NH4+ • 2Water • Ammonia) + Water = (NH4+ • 3Water • Ammonia)

By formula: (H4N+ • 2H2O • H3N) + H2O = (H4N+ • 3H2O • H3N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr51.0kJ/molPHPMSPayzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr119.J/mol*KPHPMSPayzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973gas phase; M

(NH4+ • Ammonia • Water) + Ammonia = (NH4+ • 2Ammonia • Water)

By formula: (H4N+ • H3N • H2O) + H3N = (H4N+ • 2H3N • H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr71.5kJ/molPHPMSPayzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr133.J/mol*KPHPMSPayzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973gas phase; M

(NH4+ • Water • Ammonia) + Water = (NH4+ • 2Water • Ammonia)

By formula: (H4N+ • H2O • H3N) + H2O = (H4N+ • 2H2O • H3N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr53.1kJ/molPHPMSPayzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr105.J/mol*KPHPMSPayzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973gas phase; M

(NH4+ • 2Ammonia) + Water = (NH4+ • Water • 2Ammonia)

By formula: (H4N+ • 2H3N) + H2O = (H4N+ • H2O • 2H3N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr51.9kJ/molPHPMSPayzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr103.J/mol*KPHPMSPayzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973gas phase; M

(NH4+ • 2Water) + Ammonia = (NH4+ • Ammonia • 2Water)

By formula: (H4N+ • 2H2O) + H3N = (H4N+ • H3N • 2H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr76.1kJ/molPHPMSPayzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr127.J/mol*KPHPMSPayzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973gas phase; M

(NH4+ • 3Ammonia) + Water = (NH4+ • Water • 3Ammonia)

By formula: (H4N+ • 3H3N) + H2O = (H4N+ • H2O • 3H3N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr49.0kJ/molPHPMSPayzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr117.J/mol*KPHPMSPayzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973gas phase; M

(NH4+ • 3Water) + Ammonia = (NH4+ • Ammonia • 3Water)

By formula: (H4N+ • 3H2O) + H3N = (H4N+ • H3N • 3H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr72.4kJ/molPHPMSPayzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr147.J/mol*KPHPMSPayzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973gas phase; M

(NH4+ • Ammonia) + Water = (NH4+ • Water • Ammonia)

By formula: (H4N+ • H3N) + H2O = (H4N+ • H2O • H3N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr54.0kJ/molPHPMSPayzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr84.9J/mol*KPHPMSPayzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973gas phase; M

(NH4+ • Water) + Ammonia = (NH4+ • Ammonia • Water)

By formula: (H4N+ • H2O) + H3N = (H4N+ • H3N • H2O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr77.0kJ/molPHPMSPayzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr96.2J/mol*KPHPMSPayzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973gas phase; M

(NH4+ • Ethane, 1,2-dimethoxy-) + Ammonia = (NH4+ • Ammonia • Ethane, 1,2-dimethoxy-)

By formula: (H4N+ • C4H10O2) + H3N = (H4N+ • H3N • C4H10O2)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr58.6kJ/molPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1996gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr81.2J/mol*KPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1996gas phase; M

Hydrogen anion + Ammonia = (Hydrogen anion • Ammonia)

By formula: H- + H3N = (H- • H3N)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr29.7kJ/molEstSnodgrass, Coe, et al., 1995gas phase; Stated electron affinity is the Vertical Detachment Energy; B
Δr35.kJ/molPESCoe, Snodgrass, et al., 1985gas phase; ΔrH<; M

(Copper ion (1+) • 2Ammonia) + Ammonia = (Copper ion (1+) • 3Ammonia)

By formula: (Cu+ • 2H3N) + H3N = (Cu+ • 3H3N)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr46.9 ± 5.9kJ/molCIDTWalter and Armentrout, 1998RCD
Δr58.6kJ/molHPMSHolland and Castleman, 1982gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr99.6J/mol*KHPMSHolland and Castleman, 1982gas phase; M

(Copper ion (1+) • 3Ammonia) + Ammonia = (Copper ion (1+) • 4Ammonia)

By formula: (Cu+ • 3H3N) + H3N = (Cu+ • 4H3N)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr41.8 ± 5.9kJ/molCIDTWalter and Armentrout, 1998RCD
Δr53.6kJ/molHPMSHolland and Castleman, 1982gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr120.J/mol*KHPMSHolland and Castleman, 1982gas phase; M

(Lead ion (1+) • 2Ammonia) + Ammonia = (Lead ion (1+) • 3Ammonia)

By formula: (Pb+ • 2H3N) + H3N = (Pb+ • 3H3N)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr54.4kJ/molHPMSGuo and Castleman, 1991gas phase; ΔrS from graph; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr89.5J/mol*KHPMSGuo and Castleman, 1991gas phase; ΔrS from graph; M

(Lead ion (1+) • 3Ammonia) + Ammonia = (Lead ion (1+) • 4Ammonia)

By formula: (Pb+ • 3H3N) + H3N = (Pb+ • 4H3N)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr44.8kJ/molHPMSGuo and Castleman, 1991gas phase; ΔrS from graph; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr102.J/mol*KHPMSGuo and Castleman, 1991gas phase; ΔrS from graph; M

(Lead ion (1+) • Ammonia) + Ammonia = (Lead ion (1+) • 2Ammonia)

By formula: (Pb+ • H3N) + H3N = (Pb+ • 2H3N)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr80.3kJ/molHPMSGuo and Castleman, 1991gas phase; ΔrS from graph; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr113.J/mol*KHPMSGuo and Castleman, 1991gas phase; ΔrS from graph; M

C2H8N+ + Ammonia = (C2H8N+ • Ammonia)

By formula: C2H8N+ + H3N = (C2H8N+ • H3N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr86.2kJ/molPHPMSYamdagni and Kebarle, 1974gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr118.J/mol*KPHPMSYamdagni and Kebarle, 1974gas phase; M

C6H15O3+ + Ammonia = (C6H15O3+ • Ammonia)

By formula: C6H15O3+ + H3N = (C6H15O3+ • H3N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr127.kJ/molPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1996gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr117.J/mol*KPHPMSMeot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1996gas phase; M

CH6N+ + Ammonia = (CH6N+ • Ammonia)

By formula: CH6N+ + H3N = (CH6N+ • H3N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr89.5kJ/molPHPMSYamdagni and Kebarle, 1974gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr110.J/mol*KPHPMSYamdagni and Kebarle, 1974gas phase; M

Lead ion (1+) + Ammonia = (Lead ion (1+) • Ammonia)

By formula: Pb+ + H3N = (Pb+ • H3N)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr118.kJ/molHPMSGuo and Castleman, 1991gas phase; ΔrS from graph; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr98.7J/mol*KHPMSGuo and Castleman, 1991gas phase; ΔrS from graph; M

(Hydrogen anion • Ammonia) + Ammonia = (Hydrogen anion • 2Ammonia)

By formula: (H- • H3N) + H3N = (H- • 2H3N)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr33.9kJ/molEstSnodgrass, Coe, et al., 1995gas phase; Affinity: shift in apparent EA from lesser-solvated ion. Ignores any neutral-neutral bond.; B

(H2N- • Ammonia) + Ammonia = (H2N- • 2Ammonia)

By formula: (H2N- • H3N) + H3N = (H2N- • 2H3N)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr46.44kJ/molEstSnodgrass, Coe, et al., 1989gas phase; Affinity: shift in apparent EA from lesser-solvated ion. Ignores any neutral-neutral bond.; B

(NH4+ • 2Hydrogen cyanide • Ammonia) + Hydrogen cyanide = (NH4+ • 3Hydrogen cyanide • Ammonia)

By formula: (H4N+ • 2CHN • H3N) + CHN = (H4N+ • 3CHN • H3N)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr53.6kJ/molPHPMSDeakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr101.J/mol*KPHPMSDeakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994gas phase; M

(NH4+ • Hydrogen cyanide • Ammonia) + Hydrogen cyanide = (NH4+ • 2Hydrogen cyanide • Ammonia)

By formula: (H4N+ • CHN • H3N) + CHN = (H4N+ • 2CHN • H3N)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr51.0kJ/molPHPMSDeakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr81.2J/mol*KPHPMSDeakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994gas phase; M

(NH4+ • 2Ammonia • Acetonitrile) + Ammonia = (NH4+ • 3Ammonia • Acetonitrile)

By formula: (H4N+ • 2H3N • C2H3N) + H3N = (H4N+ • 3H3N • C2H3N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr56.9kJ/molMKERTzeng, Wei, et al., 1991gas phase; from graph; M

IR Spectrum

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, References, Notes

Data compiled by: Coblentz Society, Inc.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director


Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

Notice: This spectrum may be better viewed with a Javascript and HTML 5 enabled browser.

Mass spectrum
For Zoom
1.) Enter the desired X axis range (e.g., 100, 200)
2.) Check here for automatic Y scaling
3.) Press here to zoom

Additional Data

View image of digitized spectrum (can be printed in landscape orientation).

Due to licensing restrictions, this spectrum cannot be downloaded.

Owner NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center
Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce
on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
NIST MS number 6

All mass spectra in this site (plus many more) are available from the NIST/EPA/NIH Mass Spectral Library. Please see the following for information about the library and its accompanying search program.


Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Takehiko Shimanouchi

Symmetry:   C     Symmetry Number σ = 3


 Sym.   No   Approximate   Selected Freq.  Infrared   Raman   Comments 
 Species   type of mode   Value   Rating   Value  Phase  Value  Phase

a1 1 Sym str 3337  A 3336.2 symmetric level
a1 1 Sym str 3337  A 3337.2 antisymmetric level
a1 2 Sym deform 950  C 932.5 symmetric level
a1 2 Sym deform 950  C 968.3 antisymmetric level
e 3 Deg str 3444  A 3443.6 symmetric level
e 3 Deg str 3444  A 3443.9 antisymmetric level
e 4 Deg deform 1627  A 1626.1 symmetric level
e 4 Deg deform 1627  A 1627.4 antisymmetric level

Source: Shimanouchi, 1972

Notes

A0~1 cm-1 uncertainty
C3~6 cm-1 uncertainty

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Cox, Wagman, et al., 1984
Cox, J.D.; Wagman, D.D.; Medvedev, V.A., CODATA Key Values for Thermodynamics, Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, 1984, 1. [all data]

Chase, 1998
Chase, M.W., Jr., NIST-JANAF Themochemical Tables, Fourth Edition, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Monograph 9, 1998, 1-1951. [all data]

Timmermans, 1921
Timmermans, J., The Freezing Points of Organic Substances IV. New Exp. Determinations, Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg., 1921, 30, 62. [all data]

Fonseca and Lobo, 1989
Fonseca, I.M.A.; Lobo, L.Q., Thermodynamics of liquid mixtures of xenon and methyl fluoride, Fluid Phase Equilib., 1989, 47, 249. [all data]

Brunner, 1988
Brunner, E., Fluid Mixtures at High Pressures VI. Phase Separation and Critical Phenomena in 18 (n-Alkane + Ammonia) and 4 (n-Alkane _ Methanol) Mixtures, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1988, 20, 273. [all data]

Hentze, 1977
Hentze, G., Critical temperature measurement of liquids by means of differential thermal analysis, Thermochim. Acta, 1977, 20, 27-30. [all data]

Zander and Thomas, 1979
Zander, Manfred; Thomas, Wilhelm, Some thermodynamic properties of liquid ammonia: PVT data, vapor pressure, and critical temperature, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1979, 24, 1, 1-2, https://doi.org/10.1021/je60080a003 . [all data]

Overstreet and Giauque, 1937
Overstreet, Roy; Giauque, W.F., Ammonia. The Heat Capacity and Vapor Pressure of Solid and Liquid. Heat of Vaporization. The Entropy Values from Thermal and Spectroscopic Data, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1937, 59, 2, 254-259, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01281a008 . [all data]

Stull, 1947
Stull, Daniel R., Vapor Pressure of Pure Substances. Organic and Inorganic Compounds, Ind. Eng. Chem., 1947, 39, 4, 517-540, https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50448a022 . [all data]

Fehsenfeld and Ferguson, 1973
Fehsenfeld, F.C.; Ferguson, E.E., Thermal Energy Positive Ion Reactions in a Wet Atmosphere Containing Ammonia, J. Chem. Phys., 1973, 59, 12, 6272, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1680006 . [all data]

Puckett and Teague, 1971
Puckett, L.J.; Teague, M.W., Ion-Molecule Reactions in NO - NH3 Gas Mixtures, J. Chem. Phys., 1971, 54, 11, 4860, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1674763 . [all data]

Tang and Castleman, 1975
Tang, I.N.; Castleman, A.W., Gas - Phase Solvation of the Ammonium Ion in Ammonia, J. Chem. Phys., 1975, 62, 11, 4576, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.430331 . [all data]

Arshadi and Futrell, 1974
Arshadi, M.R.; Futrell, J.H., Studies in High - Pressure Mass Spectrometry. V. Thermodynamics of Solvation Reactions. NH4+ - NH3, J. Phys. Chem., 1974, 78, 15, 1482, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100608a008 . [all data]

Long and Franklin, 1973
Long, J.W.; Franklin, J.L., Ion-Cluster Reactions in a Drift Tube Ion Source, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys, 1973, 12, 5, 403, https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7381(73)80025-7 . [all data]

Searles and Kebarle, 1968
Searles, S.K.; Kebarle, P., Ion-Solvent-Molecule Interactions in the Gas Phase. Enthalpies and Entropies for the Reactions NH4+(NH3)(n-1) + NH3 = NH4+(NH3)n, J. Phys. Chem., 1968, 72, 2, 742, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100848a061 . [all data]

Payzant, Cunningham, et al., 1973
Payzant, J.D.; Cunningham, A.J.; Kebarle, P., Gas - Phase Solvation of Ammonium Ion by NH3 and H2O and Stabilities of Mixed Clusters NH4+(NH3)n(H2O)w, Can. J. Chem., 1973, 51, 19, 3242, https://doi.org/10.1139/v73-485 . [all data]

Wincel, 1972
Wincel, H., Ion-Molecule Reactions in Ammonia at High Pressures, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1972, 9, 3, 267, https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7381(72)80053-6 . [all data]

Tschurl and Boesl, 2008
Tschurl, M.; Boesl, U., IR-photodissociation and photodetachment spectroscopy of Cl-center dot(NH3)(x) (IR : x=1-4, PD : x=1), Chem. Phys. Lett., 2008, 456, 4-6, 150-155, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2008.03.041 . [all data]

Evans, Keesee, et al., 1987
Evans, D.H.; Keesee, R.G.; Castleman Jr., The Association of Ammonia with Halide Ions in the Gas Phase, J. Chem. Phys., 1987, 86, 5, 2927, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.452043 . [all data]

Markovich, Chesnovsky, et al., 1993
Markovich, G.; Chesnovsky, O.; Kaldor, U., Charge Transfer Excitations in the Photoelectron Spectrum of Cl-NH3: Experiment and calculation, J. Chem. Phys, 1993, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.465913 . [all data]

Larson and McMahon, 1984
Larson, J.W.; McMahon, T.B., Hydrogen bonding in gas phase anions. An experimental investigation of the interaction between chloride ion and bronsted acids from ICR chloride exchange equilibria, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1984, 106, 517. [all data]

Larson and McMahon, 1984, 2
Larson, J.W.; McMahon, T.B., Gas phase negative ion chemistry of alkylchloroformates, Can. J. Chem., 1984, 62, 675. [all data]

Wei, Tzeng, et al., 1990
Wei, S.; Tzeng, W.B.; Castleman, A.W., Kinetic Energy Release Measurements of Ammonia Cluster Ions During Metastable Decomposition and Determination of Cluster Ion Binding Energies, J. Chem. Phys., 1990, 92, 1, 332, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.458434 . [all data]

Kamke, Herrmann, et al., 1988
Kamke, W.; Herrmann, R.; Wang, Z.; Hertel, I.V., On the Photoionization and Fragmentation of Ammonia Clusters using TPEPICO, Z. Phys. D., 1988, 10, 4, 491, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01425768 . [all data]

Hogg, Haynes, et al., 1966
Hogg, A.M.; Haynes, R.M.; Kebarle, P., Ion-Solvent Molecule Interactions Studied in the Gas Phase. Heats and Entropies of Individual Steps. NH4+.(n-1)NH3 = NH4+.nNH3, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1966, 88, 1, 28, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00953a006 . [all data]

Woodin and Beauchamp, 1978
Woodin, R.L.; Beauchamp, J.L., Bonding of Li+ to Lewis Bases in the Gas Phase. Reversals in Methyl Substituent Effects for Different Reference Acids, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1978, 100, 2, 501, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00470a024 . [all data]

Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970
Dzidic, I.; Kebarle, P., Hydration of the Alkali Ions in the Gas Phase. Enthalpies and Entropies of Reactions M+(H2O)n-1 + H2O = M+(H2O)n, J. Phys. Chem., 1970, 74, 7, 1466, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100702a013 . [all data]

Staley and Beauchamp, 1975
Staley, R.H.; Beauchamp, J.L., Intrinsic Acid - Base Properties of Molecules. Binding Energies of Li+ to pi - and n - Donor Bases, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1975, 97, 20, 5920, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00853a050 . [all data]

Castleman, Holland, et al., 1978
Castleman, A.W.; Holland, P.M.; Lindsay, D.M.; Peterson, K.I., The Properties of Clusters in the Gas Phase. 2. Ammonia about Metal Ions, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1978, 100, 19, 6039, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00487a011 . [all data]

Wickham-Jones, Ervin, et al., 1989
Wickham-Jones, C.T.; Ervin, K.M.; Ellison, G.B.; Lineberger, W.C., NH2 Electron Affinity, J. Chem. Phys., 1989, 91, 4, 2762, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.456994 . [all data]

MacKay, Hemsworth, et al., 1976
MacKay, G.J.; Hemsworth, R.S.; Bohme, D.K., Absolute gas-phase acidities of CH3NH2, C2H5NH2, (CH3)2NH, and (CH3)3N, Can. J. Chem., 1976, 54, 1624. [all data]

Check, Faust, et al., 2001
Check, C.E.; Faust, T.O.; Bailey, J.M.; Wright, B.J.; Gilbert, T.M.; Sunderlin, L.S., Addition of Polarization and Diffuse Functions to the LANL2DZ Basis Set for P-Block Elements, J. Phys. Chem. A,, 2001, 105, 34, 8111, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp011945l . [all data]

Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sieck, 1991
Meot-Ner (Mautner), M.; Sieck, L.W., Proton affinity ladders from variable-temperature equilibrium measurements. 1. A reevaluation of the upper proton affinity range, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1991, 113, 12, 4448, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00012a012 . [all data]

Szulejko and McMahon, 1991
Szulejko, J.E.; McMahon, T.B., A Pulsed Electron Beam, Variable Temperature, High Pressure Mass Spectrometric Reevaluation of the Proton Affinity Difference Between 2-Methylpropene and Ammonia, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Proc., 1991, 109, 279, https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1176(91)85109-Y . [all data]

Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sieck, 1990
Meot-Ner (Mautner), M.; Sieck, L.W., Ion Thermochemistry at High Temperatures. 1. Thermochemistry of the Ammonium Ion from Variable - Temperature Equilibrium Measurements. Proton Transfer, Association, and Decomposition Reactions in Ammonia, Isobutene, and t-Butylamine, J. Phys. Chem., 1990, 94, 19, 7730, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100382a076 . [all data]

Amicangelo and Armentrout, 2001
Amicangelo, J.C.; Armentrout, P.B., Relative and Absolute Bond Dissociation Energies of Sodium Cation Complexes Determined Using Competitive Collision-Induced Dissociation Experiments, Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 2001, 212, 1-3, 301, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1387-3806(01)00494-8 . [all data]

Armentrout and Rodgers, 2000
Armentrout, P.B.; Rodgers, M.T., An Absolute Sodium Cation Affinity Scale: Threshold Collision-Induced Dissociation Experiments and ab Initio Theory, J. Phys. Chem A, 2000, 104, 11, 2238, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp991716n . [all data]

Hoyau, Norrman, et al., 1999
Hoyau, S.; Norrman, K.; McMahon, T.B.; Ohanessian, G., A Quantitative Basis for a Scale of Na+ Affinities of Organic and Small Biological Molecules in the Gas Phase, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1999, 121, 38, 8864, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9841198 . [all data]

McMahon and Ohanessian, 2000
McMahon, T.B.; Ohanessian, G., An Experimental and Ab Initio Study of the Nature of the Binding in Gas-Phase Complexes of Sodium Ions, Chem. Eur. J., 2000, 6, 16, 2931, https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-3765(20000818)6:16<2931::AID-CHEM2931>3.0.CO;2-7 . [all data]

Stone and Splinter, 1984
Stone, J.A.; Splinter, D.E., A high-pressure mass spectrometric study of the binding of (CH3)3Sn+ to lewis bases in the gas phase, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes, 1984, 59, 169. [all data]

Deakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994
Deakyne, C.A.; Knuth, D.M.; Speller, C.V.; Meot-Ner (Mautner), M.; Sieck, L.W., Filling of Solvent Shells about Ions. Part 3. Isomeric Clusters of (HCN)n(NH3)mH+, J. Mol. Structure (Theochem), 1994, 307, 217, https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-1280(94)80130-4 . [all data]

Caldwell, Masucci, et al., 1989
Caldwell, G.W.; Masucci, J.A.; Ikonomou, M.G., Negative Ion Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry - Binding of Molecules to Bromide and Iodide Anions, Org. Mass Spectrom., 1989, 24, 1, 8, https://doi.org/10.1002/oms.1210240103 . [all data]

Castleman, 1978
Castleman, A.W., The Properties of Clusters in the Gas Phase: Ammonia about Bi+, Rb+, and K+, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1978, 53, 3, 560, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(78)80069-4 . [all data]

Davidson and Kebarle, 1976
Davidson, W.R.; Kebarle, P., Binding Energies and Stabilities of Potassium Ion Complexes from Studies of Gas Phase Ion Equilibria K+ + M = K+.M, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1976, 98, 20, 6133, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00436a011 . [all data]

Meot-Ner (Mautner), Sieck, et al., 1996
Meot-Ner (Mautner), M.; Sieck, L.W.; Liebman, J.F.; Scheiner, S., Complexing of the Ammonium Ion by Polyethers. Comparative Complexing Thermochemistry of Ammonium, Hydronium, and Alkali Cations, J. Phys. Chem., 1996, 100, 16, 6445, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp9514943 . [all data]

Snodgrass, Coe, et al., 1995
Snodgrass, J.T.; Coe, J.V.; Freidhoff, C.B.; Mchugh, K.M.; Arnold, S.T.; Bowen, K.H., Negative ion photoelectron spectroscopy of NH2-(NH3)1 and NH2-(NH3)2: Gas phase basicities of partially solvated anions, J. Phys. Chem., 1995, 99, 24, 9675, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100024a006 . [all data]

Coe, Snodgrass, et al., 1985
Coe, J.V.; Snodgrass, J.T.; Friedhoff, C.B.; McHugh, K.M.; Bowen, K.H., Negative ion photoelectron spectroscopy of the negative ion H-(NH3), J. Chem. Phys., 1985, 83, 3169. [all data]

Walter and Armentrout, 1998
Walter, D.; Armentrout, P.B., Periodic Trends in Chemical Reactivity: Reactions of Sc+, Y+, La+, and Lu+ with H2, D2 and HD, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1998, 120, 13, 3176, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja973202c . [all data]

Holland and Castleman, 1982
Holland, P.M.; Castleman, A.W., The Thermochemical Properties of Gas - Phase Transition Metal Ion Complexes, J. Chem. Phys., 1982, 76, 8, 4195, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.443497 . [all data]

Guo and Castleman, 1991
Guo, B.C.; Castleman, A.W., The Clustering Reactions of Na+ and Pb+ with Several Important Ligands, Zeit. Phys. D., 1991, 19, 1-4, 397, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01448337 . [all data]

Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1974
Yamdagni, R.; Kebarle, P., The hydrogen bond energies in ClHCl- and Cl-(HCl)n, Can. J. Chem., 1974, 52, 2449. [all data]

Snodgrass, Coe, et al., 1989
Snodgrass, J.T.; Coe, J.V.; Freidhoff, C.B.; McHugh, K.M.; Bowen, K.H., Photoelectron Spectroscopy of the Negative Cluster Ions, NH2-(NH3)n=1,2, J. Chem. Phys., 1989, 92, xxxx. [all data]

Tzeng, Wei, et al., 1991
Tzeng, W.B.; Wei, S.; Castleman, A.W., Stability, Structure and Binding - Energies of Solvated Cluster Ions - Ammonia Acetonitrile and Ammonia Acetaldehyde Systems, J. Phys. Chem., 1991, 95, 15, 5757, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100168a011 . [all data]

Shimanouchi, 1972
Shimanouchi, T., Tables of Molecular Vibrational Frequencies Consolidated Volume I, National Bureau of Standards, 1972, 1-160. [all data]


Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, References