Acetaldehyde

• Formula: C₂H₄O
• Molecular weight: 44.0526
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C2H4O/c1-2-3/h2H,1H3 Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 75-07-0
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
  The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
• Other names: Acetic aldehyde; Ethanal; Ethyl aldehyde; CH3CHO; Acetaldehyd; Aldehyde acetique; Aldeide acetica; NCI-C56326; Octowy aldehyd; Acetylaldehyde; Rcra waste number U001; UN 1089; NSC 7594
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• Information on this page:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Condensed phase thermochemistry data
  • Reaction thermochemistry data
  • References
  • Notes
• Other data available:
  • Phase change data
  • Henry's Law data
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • Ion clustering data
  • IR Spectrum
  • Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
  • UV/Visible spectrum
  • Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels
  • Gas Chromatography
• Data at other public NIST sites:
  • Gas Phase Kinetics Database
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Gas phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
GT - Glushko Thermocenter, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

Condensed phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid

Reaction thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
RCD - Robert C. Dunbar

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

C₂H₃O^- +  =

By formula: C₂H₃O^- + H⁺ = C₂H₄O

C₂H₅O⁺ +  = (C₂H₅O⁺ • )

By formula: C₂H₅O⁺ + C₂H₄O = (C₂H₅O⁺ • C₂H₄O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds of the type OH-O between organics

C₂H₇O⁺ +  = (C₂H₇O⁺ • )

By formula: C₂H₇O⁺ + C₂H₄O = (C₂H₇O⁺ • C₂H₄O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds of the type OH-O between organics

C₂H₅O⁺ +  = (C₂H₅O⁺ • )

By formula: C₂H₅O⁺ + C₂H₄O = (C₂H₅O⁺ • C₂H₄O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds of the type OH-O between organics

C₂H₃O^- +  =

By formula: C₂H₃O^- + H⁺ = C₂H₄O

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Cl^- + C₂H₄O = (Cl^- • C₂H₄O)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: C₂H₃O₂^- + C₂H₄O = (C₂H₃O₂^- • C₂H₄O)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds of deprotonated acids to ketones/

 +  =

By formula: H₂ + C₂H₄O = C₂H₆O

(C₂H₅O^- • 4294967295) +  = C₂H₅O^-

By formula: (C₂H₅O^- • 4294967295C₂H₄O) + C₂H₄O = C₂H₅O^-

 +  = ( • )

By formula: NO^- + C₂H₄O = (NO^- • C₂H₄O)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Li⁺ + C₂H₄O = (Li⁺ • C₂H₄O)

3 =

By formula: 3C₂H₄O = C₆H₁₂O₃

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Mg⁺ + C₂H₄O = (Mg⁺ • C₂H₄O)

 +  = 2 + 

By formula: C₄H₁₀O₂ + H₂O = 2CH₄O + C₂H₄O

 +  = 2 + 

By formula: C₄H₁₀O₂ + H₂O = 2CH₄O + C₂H₄O

 +  = 2 + 

By formula: C₄H₁₀O₂ + H₂O = 2CH₄O + C₂H₄O

2 +  =  + 

By formula: 2CH₄O + C₂H₄O = C₄H₁₀O₂ + H₂O

 +  =  + 

By formula: C₂H₄O + I₂ = HI + C₂H₃IO

 +  =  + 

By formula: H₂O + C₈H₁₀N₂ = C₆H₈N₂ + C₂H₄O

= 3

By formula: C₆H₁₂O₃ = 3C₂H₄O

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Na⁺ + C₂H₄O = (Na⁺ • C₂H₄O)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Ag⁺ + C₂H₄O = (Ag⁺ • C₂H₄O)

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Wiberg, Crocker, et al., 1991
Wiberg, K.B.; Crocker, L.S.; Morgan, K.M., Thermochemical studies of carbonyl compounds. 5. Enthalpies of reduction of carbonyl groups, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1991, 113, 3447-3450. [all data]

Thermodynamics Research Center, 1997
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Pitzer K.S., 1949
Pitzer K.S., Jr., Thermodynamics and vibrational spectrum of acetaldehyde, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1949, 71, 2842-2844. [all data]

Della Vedova C.O., 1991
Della Vedova C.O., Raman and infrared spectra and photochemical behavior of acetaldehyde isolated in matrixes, J. Raman Spectrosc., 1991, 22, 505-507. [all data]

East A.L.L., 1997
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Chao J., Perfect gas thermodynamic properties of methanal, ethanal and their deuterated species, Thermochim. Acta, 1980, 41, 41-54. [all data]

Chao J., 1986
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Mead, Lykke, et al., 1984
Mead, R.D.; Lykke, K.R.; Lineberger, W.C.; Marks, J.; Brauman, J.I., Spectroscopy and Dynamics of the Dipole-Bound State of Acetaldehyde Enolate., J. Chem. Phys., 1984, 81, 11, 4883., https://doi.org/10.1063/1.447515 . [all data]

Bartmess, Scott, et al., 1979
Bartmess, J.E.; Scott, J.A.; McIver, R.T., Jr., The gas phase acidity scale from methanol to phenol, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1979, 101, 6047. [all data]

Holmes and Lossing, 1982
Holmes, J.L.; Lossing, F.P., Heats of formation of the ionic and neutral enols of acetaldehyde and acetone, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1982, 104, 2648. [all data]

Cumming and Kebarle, 1978
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Larson, J.W.; McMahon, T.B., Formation, Thermochemistry, and Relative Stabilities of Proton - Bound dimers of Oxygen n - Donor Bases from Ion Cyclotron Resonance Solvent - Exchange Equilibria Measurements, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1982, 104, 23, 6255, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00387a016 . [all data]

Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973
Grimsrud, E.P.; Kebarle, P., Gas Phase Ion Equilibria Studies of the Solvation of the Hydrogen Ion by Methanol, Dimethyl Ether and Water. Effect of Hydrogen Bonding, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1973, 95, 24, 7939, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00805a002 . [all data]

Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984
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Keesee and Castleman, 1986
Keesee, R.G.; Castleman, A.W., Jr., Thermochemical data on Ggs-phase ion-molecule association and clustering reactions, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1986, 15, 1011. [all data]

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Nimlos, M.R.; Soderquist, J.A.; Ellison, G.B., Spectroscopy of CH3CO- and CH3CO, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1989, 111, 20, 7675, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00202a001 . [all data]

DePuy, Bierbaum, et al., 1985
DePuy, C.H.; Bierbaum, V.M.; Damrauer, R.; Soderquist, J.A., Gas-phase reactions of the acetyl anion, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1985, 107, 3385. [all data]

Graul and Squires, 1990
Graul, S.T.; Squires, R.R., Gas-Phase Acidities Derived from Threshold Energies for Activated Reactions, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1990, 112, 7, 2517, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00163a007 . [all data]

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Graul, S.T.; Squires, R.R., On the Existence of Alkyl Carbanions in the Gas Phase, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1988, 110, 2, 607, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00210a054 . [all data]

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Meot-ner, M., Ionic Hydrogen Bond and Ion Solvation. ₆. Interaction Energies of the Acetate Ion with Organic Molecules. Comparison of CH₃COO^- with Cl^-, CN^-, and SH^-, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1988, 110, 12, 3854, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00220a022 . [all data]

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Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, References

• Symbols used in this document:
  

  Cp,gas	Constant pressure heat capacity of gas
  Cp,liquid	Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid
  S°liquid	Entropy of liquid at standard conditions
  ΔfH°gas	Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions
  ΔfH°liquid	Enthalpy of formation of liquid at standard conditions
  ΔrG°	Free energy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔrH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔrS°	Entropy of reaction at standard conditions

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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