Acetonitrile

• Formula: C₂H₃N
• Molecular weight: 41.0519
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C2H3N/c1-2-3/h1H3 Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 75-05-8
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
  View 3d structure (requires JavaScript / HTML 5)
• Other names: Cyanomethane; Ethanenitrile; Ethyl nitrile; Methane, cyano-; Methanecarbonitrile; Methyl cyanide; CH3CN; Acetonitril; Cyanure de methyl; USAF EK-488; Methylkyanid; NA 1648; NCI-C60822; Rcra waste number U003; UN 1648; Ethanonitrile
• Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
• Information on this page:
  • Reaction thermochemistry data (reactions 1 to 50)
  • IR Spectrum
  • References
  • Notes
• Other data available:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Condensed phase thermochemistry data
  • Phase change data
  • Reaction thermochemistry data: reactions 51 to 100, reactions 101 to 150, reactions 151 to 188
  • Henry's Law data
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • Ion clustering data
  • Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
  • UV/Visible spectrum
  • Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels
  • Gas Chromatography
• Data at other public NIST sites:
  • Gas Phase Kinetics Database
  • X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Database, version 5.0
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Reaction thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, IR Spectrum, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
MS - José A. Martinho Simões
RCD - Robert C. Dunbar

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Reactions 1 to 50

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Cl^- + C₂H₃N = (Cl^- • C₂H₃N)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Br^- + C₂H₃N = (Br^- • C₂H₃N)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: I^- + C₂H₃N = (I^- • C₂H₃N)

CN^- +  = (CN^- • )

By formula: CN^- + C₂H₃N = (CN^- • C₂H₃N)

C₂H₂N^- +  =

By formula: C₂H₂N^- + H⁺ = C₂H₃N

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (I^- • C₂H₃N) + C₂H₃N = (I^- • 2C₂H₃N)

C₂H₄N⁺ +  = (C₂H₄N⁺ • )

By formula: C₂H₄N⁺ + C₂H₃N = (C₂H₄N⁺ • C₂H₃N)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: F^- + C₂H₃N = (F^- • C₂H₃N)

( • 3) +  = ( • 4)

By formula: (Cl^- • 3C₂H₃N) + C₂H₃N = (Cl^- • 4C₂H₃N)

( • 3) +  = ( • 4)

By formula: (Br^- • 3C₂H₃N) + C₂H₃N = (Br^- • 4C₂H₃N)

( • 2) +  = ( • 3)

By formula: (Cl^- • 2C₂H₃N) + C₂H₃N = (Cl^- • 3C₂H₃N)

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (Cl^- • C₂H₃N) + C₂H₃N = (Cl^- • 2C₂H₃N)

( • 2) +  = ( • 3)

By formula: (I^- • 2C₂H₃N) + C₂H₃N = (I^- • 3C₂H₃N)

( • 2) +  = ( • 3)

By formula: (Br^- • 2C₂H₃N) + C₂H₃N = (Br^- • 3C₂H₃N)

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (Br^- • C₂H₃N) + C₂H₃N = (Br^- • 2C₂H₃N)

( • 4) +  = ( • 5)

By formula: (F^- • 4C₂H₃N) + C₂H₃N = (F^- • 5C₂H₃N)

( • 2) +  = ( • 3)

By formula: (F^- • 2C₂H₃N) + C₂H₃N = (F^- • 3C₂H₃N)

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (F^- • C₂H₃N) + C₂H₃N = (F^- • 2C₂H₃N)

( • 3) +  = ( • 4)

By formula: (F^- • 3C₂H₃N) + C₂H₃N = (F^- • 4C₂H₃N)

C₃H₉Sn⁺ +  = (C₃H₉Sn⁺ • )

By formula: C₃H₉Sn⁺ + C₂H₃N = (C₃H₉Sn⁺ • C₂H₃N)

Free energy of reaction

(C₂H₄N⁺ •  • 2) +  = (C₂H₄N⁺ • 2 • 2)

By formula: (C₂H₄N⁺ • H₂O • 2C₂H₃N) + H₂O = (C₂H₄N⁺ • 2H₂O • 2C₂H₃N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

Free energy of reaction

C₂H₂N^- +  = (C₂H₂N^- • )

By formula: C₂H₂N^- + C₂H₃N = (C₂H₂N^- • C₂H₃N)

( • 7) +  = ( • 8)

By formula: (Cl^- • 7C₂H₃N) + C₂H₃N = (Cl^- • 8C₂H₃N)

(C₂H₄N⁺ •  • 4) +  = (C₂H₄N⁺ • 2 • 4)

By formula: (C₂H₄N⁺ • C₂H₃N • 4H₂O) + C₂H₃N = (C₂H₄N⁺ • 2C₂H₃N • 4H₂O)

Free energy of reaction

(CH₆N⁺ • 2) +  = (CH₆N⁺ •  • 2)

By formula: (CH₆N⁺ • 2C₂H₃N) + CH₄S = (CH₆N⁺ • CH₄S • 2C₂H₃N)

Free energy of reaction

C₁₁H₁₀⁺ +  = (C₁₁H₁₀⁺ • )

By formula: C₁₁H₁₀⁺ + C₂H₃N = (C₁₁H₁₀⁺ • C₂H₃N)

Free energy of reaction

( • 6) +  = ( • 7)

By formula: (Cl^- • 6C₂H₃N) + C₂H₃N = (Cl^- • 7C₂H₃N)

( • 4) +  = ( • 5)

By formula: (Cl^- • 4C₂H₃N) + C₂H₃N = (Cl^- • 5C₂H₃N)

( • 3) +  = ( • 4)

By formula: (I^- • 3C₂H₃N) + C₂H₃N = (I^- • 4C₂H₃N)

( • 4) +  = ( • 5)

By formula: (I^- • 4C₂H₃N) + C₂H₃N = (I^- • 5C₂H₃N)

( • 5) +  = ( • 6)

By formula: (Cl^- • 5C₂H₃N) + C₂H₃N = (Cl^- • 6C₂H₃N)

( • 4) +  = ( • 5)

By formula: (Br^- • 4C₂H₃N) + C₂H₃N = (Br^- • 5C₂H₃N)

( • 5) +  = ( • 6)

By formula: (Br^- • 5C₂H₃N) + C₂H₃N = (Br^- • 6C₂H₃N)

( • 6) +  = ( • 7)

By formula: (Br^- • 6C₂H₃N) + C₂H₃N = (Br^- • 7C₂H₃N)

( • 6) +  = ( • 7)

By formula: (F^- • 6C₂H₃N) + C₂H₃N = (F^- • 7C₂H₃N)

C₉H₉N₃O₃W (cr) = 0.5 (g) + 0.5 (cr) + 3 (g)

By formula: C₉H₉N₃O₃W (cr) = 0.5C₆O₆W (g) + 0.5W (cr) + 3C₂H₃N (g)

C₇H₄N₂O₂^- +  = (C₇H₄N₂O₂^- • )

By formula: C₇H₄N₂O₂^- + C₂H₃N = (C₇H₄N₂O₂^- • C₂H₃N)

C₇H₇NO₃^- +  = (C₇H₇NO₃^- • )

By formula: C₇H₇NO₃^- + C₂H₃N = (C₇H₇NO₃^- • C₂H₃N)

( • 4) +  = ( • 5)

By formula: (Na⁺ • 4C₂H₃N) + C₂H₃N = (Na⁺ • 5C₂H₃N)

C₇H₄F₃NO₂^- +  = (C₇H₄F₃NO₂^- • )

By formula: C₇H₄F₃NO₂^- + C₂H₃N = (C₇H₄F₃NO₂^- • C₂H₃N)

( • 2) +  = ( • 3)

By formula: (O₂^- • 2C₂H₃N) + C₂H₃N = (O₂^- • 3C₂H₃N)

( • 3) +  = ( • 4)

By formula: (O₂^- • 3C₂H₃N) + C₂H₃N = (O₂^- • 4C₂H₃N)

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (O₂^- • C₂H₃N) + C₂H₃N = (O₂^- • 2C₂H₃N)

( • 5) +  = ( • 6)

By formula: (F^- • 5C₂H₃N) + C₂H₃N = (F^- • 6C₂H₃N)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: NO₂^- + C₂H₃N = (NO₂^- • C₂H₃N)

(C₂H₄N⁺ • 2 • ) +  = (C₂H₄N⁺ • 3 • )

By formula: (C₂H₄N⁺ • 2H₂O • C₂H₃N) + H₂O = (C₂H₄N⁺ • 3H₂O • C₂H₃N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: O₂^- + C₂H₃N = (O₂^- • C₂H₃N)

(C₂H₄N⁺ •  • ) +  = (C₂H₄N⁺ • 2 • )

By formula: (C₂H₄N⁺ • H₂O • C₂H₃N) + H₂O = (C₂H₄N⁺ • 2H₂O • C₂H₃N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bond (positive ion to hydride)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: C₄H₄N^- + C₂H₃N = (C₄H₄N^- • C₂H₃N)

(C₂H₄N⁺ •  • ) +  = (C₂H₄N⁺ • 2 • )

By formula: (C₂H₄N⁺ • CH₄O • C₂H₃N) + CH₄O = (C₂H₄N⁺ • 2CH₄O • C₂H₃N)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds of the type NH+-O between organics

IR Spectrum

Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, References, Notes

Data compiled by: Coblentz Society, Inc.

• GAS (80 mmHg, N2 ADDED, TOTAL PRESSURE 600 mmHg); DOW KBr FOREPRISM-GRATING; DIGITIZED BY COBLENTZ SOCIETY (BATCH II) FROM HARD COPY; 2 cm^-1 resolution
• LIQUID (NEAT); BECKMAN IR-9 (GRATING); DIGITIZED BY NIST FROM HARD COPY (FROM TWO SEGMENTS); 4 cm^-1 resolution

Data compiled by: Tanya L. Myers, Russell G. Tonkyn, Ashley M. Oeck, Tyler O. Danby, John S. Loring, Matthew S. Taubman, Stephen W. Sharpe, Jerome C. Birnbaum, and Timothy J. Johnson

• liquid; Bruker Tensor 27 FTIR; 0.48212986 cm^-1 resolution

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

• gas

Data compiled by: Pamela M. Chu, Franklin R. Guenther, George C. Rhoderick, and Walter J. Lafferty

• gas; IFS66V (Bruker); 3-Term B-H Apodization
  0.1250, 0.2410, 0.4820, 0.9640, 1.9290 cm^-1 resolution
• gas; IFS66V (Bruker); Boxcar Apodization
  0.1250, 0.2410, 0.4820, 0.9640, 1.9290 cm^-1 resolution
• gas; IFS66V (Bruker); Happ Genzel Apodization
  0.1250, 0.2410, 0.4820, 0.9640, 1.9290 cm^-1 resolution
• gas; IFS66V (Bruker); NB Strong Apodization
  0.1250, 0.2410, 0.4820, 0.9640, 1.9290 cm^-1 resolution
• gas; IFS66V (Bruker); Triangular Apodization
  0.1250, 0.2410, 0.4820, 0.9640, 1.9290 cm^-1 resolution

References

Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Hiraoka, Mizuse, et al., 1988
Hiraoka, K.; Mizuse, S.; Yamabe, S., Solvation of Halide Ions with H₂O and CH₃CN in the Gas Phase, J. Phys. Chem., 1988, 92, 13, 3943, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100324a051 . [all data]

Yamabe, Furumiya, et al., 1986
Yamabe, S.; Furumiya, Y.; Hiraoka, K.; Morise, K., Theoretical Van't Hoff plots of gas phase ion equilibria of Cl- ion in water, methanol and acetonitrile, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1986, 131, 261. [all data]

Sieck, 1985
Sieck, L.W., Thermochemistry of Solvation of NO₂^- and C₆H₅NO₂^- by Polar Molecules in the Vapor Phase. Comparison with Cl^- and Variation with Ligand Structure., J. Phys. Chem., 1985, 89, 25, 5552, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100271a049 . [all data]

Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1972
Yamdagni, R.; Kebarle, P., Solvation of negative ions by protic and aprotic solvents. Gas phase solvation of halide ions by acetonitrile and water molecules, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1972, 94, 2940. [all data]

Larson and McMahon, 1984
Larson, J.W.; McMahon, T.B., Hydrogen bonding in gas phase anions. An experimental investigation of the interaction between chloride ion and bronsted acids from ICR chloride exchange equilibria, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1984, 106, 517. [all data]

Larson and McMahon, 1984, 2
Larson, J.W.; McMahon, T.B., Gas phase negative ion chemistry of alkylchloroformates, Can. J. Chem., 1984, 62, 675. [all data]

Li, Ross, et al., 1996
Li, C.; Ross, P.; Szulejko, J.; McMahon, T.B., High-Pressure Mass Spectrometric Investigations of the Potential Energy Surfaces of Gas-Phase Sn2 Reactions., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1996, 118, 39, 9360, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja960565o . [all data]

Markovich, Perera, et al., 1996
Markovich, G.; Perera, L.; Berkowitz, M.L.; Cheshnovsky, O., The Solvation of Cl-, Br-, and I- in Acetonitrile Cluster: Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Molecular Dynamics Simulations., J. Chem. Phys., 1996, 105, 7, 2675, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.472131 . [all data]

Caldwell, Masucci, et al., 1989
Caldwell, G.W.; Masucci, J.A.; Ikonomou, M.G., Negative Ion Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry - Binding of Molecules to Bromide and Iodide Anions, Org. Mass Spectrom., 1989, 24, 1, 8, https://doi.org/10.1002/oms.1210240103 . [all data]

Tanabe, Morgon, et al., 1996
Tanabe, F.K.J.; Morgon, N.H.; Riveros, J.M., Relative Bromide and Iodide Affinity of Simple Solvent Molecules Determined by FT-ICR, J. Phys. Chem., 1996, 100, 8, 2862-2866, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp952290p . [all data]

Hiraoka, Mizure, et al., 1988
Hiraoka, K.; Mizure, S.; Yamabe, S.; Nakatsuji, Y., Gas Phase Clustering Reactions of CN^- and CH₂CN^- with MeCN, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1988, 148, 6, 497, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(88)80320-8 . [all data]

Dessent, Bailey, et al., 1995
Dessent, C.E.H.; Bailey, C.G.; Johnson, M.A., Dipole-bound excited states of the I-center dot CH3CN and I-center dot(CH3CN)2 ion-molecule complexes: Evidence for asymmetric solvation, J. Chem. Phys., 1995, 103, 6, 2006, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.469727 . [all data]

Caldwell and Kebarle, 1984
Caldwell, G.; Kebarle, P., Binding energies and structural effects in halide anion-ROH and -RCOOH complexes from gas phase equilibria measurements, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1984, 106, 967. [all data]

Meot-ner, 1988
Meot-ner, M., Ionic Hydrogen Bond and Ion Solvation. ₆. Interaction Energies of the Acetate Ion with Organic Molecules. Comparison of CH₃COO^- with Cl^-, CN^-, and SH^-, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1988, 110, 12, 3854, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00220a022 . [all data]

Larson and McMahon, 1987
Larson, J.W.; McMahon, T.B., Hydrogen bonding in gas phase anions. The energetics of interaction between cyanide ion and bronsted acids, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1987, 109, 6230. [all data]

Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971
Payzant, J.D.; Yamdagni, R.; Kebarle, P., Hydration of CN-, NO₂-, NO₃-, and HO- in the gas phase, Can. J. Chem., 1971, 49, 3308. [all data]

Bartmess, Scott, et al., 1979
Bartmess, J.E.; Scott, J.A.; McIver, R.T., Jr., The gas phase acidity scale from methanol to phenol, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1979, 101, 6047. [all data]

Graul and Squires, 1990
Graul, S.T.; Squires, R.R., Gas-Phase Acidities Derived from Threshold Energies for Activated Reactions, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1990, 112, 7, 2517, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00163a007 . [all data]

Cumming and Kebarle, 1978
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Zimmerman and Brauman, 1977
Zimmerman, A.H.; Brauman, J.I., Electron photodetachment from negative ions of C_2v symmetry. Electron affinities of allyl and cyanomethyl radicals, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1977, 99, 3565. [all data]

Heni and Illenberger, 1986
Heni, M.; Illenberger, E., Electron attachment by saturated nitriles. Acrylonitrile (CH₂H₃CN), and benzonitrile (C₆H₅CN), Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1986, 73, 127. [all data]

Honma, Sunderlin, et al., 1993
Honma, K.; Sunderlin, L.S.; Armentrout, P.B., Guided-Ion Beam Studies of the Reactions of Protonated Water Clusters, H(H2O)n+ (n = 1-4), with Acetonitrile, J. Chem. Phys., 1993, 99, 3, 1623, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.465331 . [all data]

Allison, Cramer, et al., 1991
Allison, C.E.; Cramer, J.A.; Hop, C.E.C.A.; Szulejko, J.E.; McMahon, T.B., Strong Hydrogen Bonding in Gas - Phase Ions. A High - Pressure Mass Spectrometric Study of the Proton Affinity, Proton Transfer Kinetics, and Hydrogen - Bonding Capability of Iron Pentacarbonyl, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1991, 113, 12, 4469, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00012a014 . [all data]

Deakyne, Meot-Ner (Mautner), et al., 1986
Deakyne, C.A.; Meot-Ner (Mautner), M.; Campbell, C.L.; Hughes, M.G.; Murphy, S.P., Multicomponent Cluster Ions. 1. The Acetonitrile - Water System, J. Chem. Phys., 1986, 90, 4648. [all data]

Speller and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985
Speller, C.V.; Meot-Ner (Mautner), M., The Ionic Hydrogen Bond and Ion Solvation. 3. Bonds Involving Cyanides. Correlations with Proton Affinites, J. Phys. Chem., 1985, 81, 24, 5217, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100270a020 . [all data]

Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1978
Meot-Ner (Mautner), M., Solvation of the Proton by HCN and CH3CN. Condensation of HCN with Ions in the Gas Phase., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1978, 100, 15, 4694, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00483a012 . [all data]

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Stone, J.A.; Splinter, D.E., A high-pressure mass spectrometric study of the binding of (CH₃)₃Sn⁺ to lewis bases in the gas phase, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes, 1984, 59, 169. [all data]

Meot-ner, 1988, 2
Meot-ner, M., The Ionic Hydrogen Bond and Solvation. 7. Interaction Energies of Carbanions with Solvent Molecules, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1988, 110, 12, 3858, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00220a022 . [all data]

Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sieck, 1985
Meot-Ner (Mautner), M.; Sieck, L.W., The Ionic Hydrogen Bond and Ion Solvation. 4. SH+ O and NH+ S Bonds. Correlations with Proton Affinity. Mutual Effects of Weak and Strong Ligands in Mixed Clusters, J. Phys. Chem., 1985, 89, 24, 5222, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100270a021 . [all data]

El-Shall and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1987
El-Shall, M.S.; Meot-Ner (Mautner), M., Ionic Charge Transfer Complexes. 3. Delocalised pi Systems as Electron Acceptors and Donors, J. Phys. Chem., 1987, 91, 5, 1088, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100289a017 . [all data]

Adedeji, Connor, et al., 1978
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Chowdhury, Grimsrud, et al., 1987
Chowdhury, S.; Grimsrud, E.P.; Kebarle, P., Bonding of Charged Delocalized Anions to Protic and Dipolar Aprotic Solvent Molecules, J. Phys. Chem., 1987, 91, 10, 2551, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100294a021 . [all data]

Chowdhury, 1987
Chowdhury, S. Grimsrud, Bonding of Charge Delocalized Anions to Protic and Dipolar Aprotic Solvents, J. Phys. Chem., 1987, 91, 10, 2551, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100294a021 . [all data]

Valina, 2001
Valina, A.B., Collision-Induced Dissociation and Theoretical Studies of Na+-Acetonitrile Complexes, J. Phys. Chem. A, 2001, 105, 49, 11057, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp0128123 . [all data]

Davidson and Kebarle, 1976
Davidson, W.R.; Kebarle, P., Ionic Solvation by Aprotic Solvents. Gas Phase Solvation of the Alkali Ions by Acetonitrile, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1976, 98, 20, 6125, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00436a010 . [all data]

Yamdagni, Payzant, et al., 1973
Yamdagni, R.; Payzant, J.D.; Kebarle, P., Solvation of Cl- and O₂- with H₂O, CH₃OH, and CH₃CN in the gas phase, Can. J. Chem., 1973, 51, 2507. [all data]

El-Shall, Olafsdottir, et al., 1991
El-Shall, M.S.; Olafsdottir, S.; Meot-ner (Mautner), M.; Sieck, L.W., Energy effects on cluster ion distributions: Beam expansion and thermochemical studies on mixed clusters of methanol and acetonitrile, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1991, 185, 3-4, 193, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2614(91)85046-Y . [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, References

• Symbols used in this document:
  

  T	Temperature
  ΔrG°	Free energy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔrH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔrS°	Entropy of reaction at standard conditions

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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