Ethyl Chloride
- Formula: C2H5Cl
- Molecular weight: 64.514
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: HRYZWHHZPQKTII-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 75-00-3
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript. - Other names: Ethane, chloro-; Aethylis; Aethylis chloridum; Anodynon; Chelen; Chlorene; Chlorethyl; Chloridum; Chloroethane; Chloryl; Chloryl anesthetic; Cloretilo; Dublofix; Ether chloratus; Ether hydrochloric; Ether muriatic; Hydrochloric ether; Kelene; Monochlorethane; Monochloroethane; Muriatic ether; Narcotile; C2H5Cl; Aethylchlorid; Chloorethaan; Chloroaethan; Chlorure D'ethyle; Cloroetano; Cloruro di etile; Etylu chlorek; NCI-C06224; UN 1037; Chloryle anesthetic
- Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
- Information on this page:
- Other data available:
- Data at other public NIST sites:
- Options:
Data at NIST subscription sites:
NIST subscription sites provide data under the NIST Standard Reference Data Program, but require an annual fee to access. The purpose of the fee is to recover costs associated with the development of data collections included in such sites. Your institution may already be a subscriber. Follow the links above to find out more about the data in these sites and their terms of usage.
Condensed phase thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔfH°liquid | -32.7 ± 0.2 | kcal/mol | Review | Manion, 2002 | derived from recommended ΔfHgas° and ΔvapH°; DRB |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
S°liquid | 44.520 | cal/mol*K | N/A | Gordon and Giauque, 1948 | DH |
Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid
Cp,liquid (cal/mol*K) | Temperature (K) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
24.69 | 290. | Gordon and Giauque, 1948 | T = 13 to 287 K.; DH |
26.20 | 288. | Kurbatov, 1948 | T = -67 to 15°C; mean Cp, three temperatures.; DH |
26.00 | 298. | Riedel, 1941 | T = -48 to 45°C.; DH |
26.00 | 298.1 | Riedel, 1940 | T = -48 to 46°C.; DH |
25.741 | 298. | Jenkin and Shorthose, 1924 | T = -30 to 40°C.; DH |
Phase change data
Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tboil | 289. ± 10. | K | AVG | N/A | Average of 8 values; Individual data points |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Tfus | 136.75 | K | N/A | Timmermans, 1952 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.4 K; TRC |
Tfus | 133. | K | N/A | Awbery, 1941 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 2. K; TRC |
Tfus | 137. | K | N/A | Timmermans and Hennaut-Roland, 1937 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.5 K; TRC |
Tfus | 132.3 | K | N/A | Timmermans, 1911 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.2 K; TRC |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Ttriple | 134.82 | K | N/A | Gordon and Giauque, 1948, 2 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.02 K; TRC |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Tc | 460.35 | K | N/A | Berthoud, 1917 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.4 K; TRC |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Pc | 51.7200 | atm | N/A | Berthoud, 1917 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.4000 atm; TRC |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔvapH° | 5.88 ± 0.07 | kcal/mol | Review | Manion, 2002 | weighted average of several measurements plus a correction for non-ideality; DRB |
Enthalpy of vaporization
ΔvapH (kcal/mol) | Temperature (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
5.8920 | 285.42 | N/A | Gordon and Giauque, 1948 | P = 101.325 kPa; DH |
6.00 | 300. | A | Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987 | Based on data from 285. to 344. K.; AC |
5.83 | 349. | A | Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987 | Based on data from 334. to 413. K.; AC |
5.83 | 418. | A | Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987 | Based on data from 403. to 460. K.; AC |
6.64 | 222. | A,E | Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987 | Based on data from 207. to 305. K. See also Li and Rossini, 1961 and Dykyj, 1970.; AC |
6.19 | 270. | N/A | Gordon and Giauque, 1948 | Based on data from 218. to 285. K.; AC |
5.935 | 294. | C | Yates, 1926 | ALS |
Entropy of vaporization
ΔvapS (cal/mol*K) | Temperature (K) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
20.64 | 285.42 | Gordon and Giauque, 1948 | P; DH |
Antoine Equation Parameters
log10(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
P = vapor pressure (atm)
T = temperature (K)
View plot Requires a JavaScript / HTML 5 canvas capable browser.
Temperature (K) | A | B | C | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
217.21 to 285.66 | 4.15610 | 1052.821 | -32.078 | Gordon and Giauque, 1948 | Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data. |
Enthalpy of fusion
ΔfusH (kcal/mol) | Temperature (K) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
1.064 | 134.82 | Gordon and Giauque, 1948 | DH |
1.06 | 134.8 | Acree, 1991 | AC |
Entropy of fusion
ΔfusS (cal/mol*K) | Temperature (K) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
7.892 | 134.82 | Gordon and Giauque, 1948 | DH |
Reaction thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.
Individual Reactions
By formula: Cl- + C2H5Cl = (Cl- • C2H5Cl)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 12.4 ± 1.0 | kcal/mol | TDAs | Li, Ross, et al., 1996 | gas phase; B |
ΔrH° | 14.5 ± 4.5 | kcal/mol | IMRB | Riveros, Breda, et al., 1973 | gas phase; Anchored: Larson and McMahon, 1984; B |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 6.80 ± 0.20 | kcal/mol | TDAs | Li, Ross, et al., 1996 | gas phase; B |
By formula: C2H5Cl = C2H4 + HCl
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 22.0 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Levanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979 | liquid phase; ALS |
ΔrH° | 17.1 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Levanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979 | gas phase; ALS |
ΔrH° | 17.35 ± 0.50 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Howlett, 1955 | gas phase; ALS |
ΔrH° | 17.1 | kcal/mol | Eqk | Lane, Linnett, et al., 1953 | gas phase; ALS |
By formula: (C2H5+ • 2C2H5Cl) + C2H5Cl = (C2H5+ • 3C2H5Cl)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 4.8 | kcal/mol | HPMS | Luczynski and Wincel, 1974 | gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 7.7 | cal/mol*K | HPMS | Luczynski and Wincel, 1974 | gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M |
By formula: (C2H5+ • C2H5Cl) + C2H5Cl = (C2H5+ • 2C2H5Cl)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 5.2 | kcal/mol | HPMS | Luczynski and Wincel, 1974 | gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 8.7 | cal/mol*K | HPMS | Luczynski and Wincel, 1974 | gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M |
By formula: Br- + C2H5Cl = (Br- • C2H5Cl)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 11.2 ± 1.0 | kcal/mol | TDAs | Li, Ross, et al., 1996 | gas phase; B |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrG° | 5.36 ± 0.20 | kcal/mol | TDAs | Li, Ross, et al., 1996 | gas phase; B |
By formula: CH3+ + C2H5Cl = (CH3+ • C2H5Cl)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 71. | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Sharma, Meza de Hojer, et al., 1985 | gas phase; from Et+ + CH3Cl; Cox and Pilcher, 1970, Rosenstock, Buff, et al., 1982; Sen Sharma and Kebarle, 1978; M |
By formula: C4H9+ + C2H5Cl = (C4H9+ • C2H5Cl)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 9.2 | kcal/mol | PHPMS | Sharma, Meza de Hojer, et al., 1985 | gas phase; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔrS° | 16.3 | cal/mol*K | PHPMS | Sharma, Meza de Hojer, et al., 1985 | gas phase; M |
By formula: H2 + C2H5Cl = C2H6 + HCl
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -16.6 ± 0.1 | kcal/mol | Chyd | Lacher, Emery, et al., 1956 | gas phase; ALS |
References
Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Manion, 2002
Manion, J.A.,
Evaluated Enthalpies of Formation of the Stable Closed Shell C1 and C2 Chlorinated Hydrocarbons,
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 2002, 31, 1, 123-172, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1420703
. [all data]
Gordon and Giauque, 1948
Gordon, J.; Giauque, W.F.,
The entropy of ethyl chloride. Heat capacity from 18 to 287K. Vapor pressure. Heats of fusion and vaporization,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1948, 70, 1506-1510. [all data]
Kurbatov, 1948
Kurbatov, V.Ya.,
Heat capacity of liquids. 2. Heat capacity and the temperature dependence of heat capacity from halogen derivatives of acylic hydrocarbons,
Zh. Obshch. Kim., 1948, 18, 372-389. [all data]
Riedel, 1941
Riedel, L.,
Determination of the specific heat of liquid ethyl chloride and liquid methylene chloride, Bull. Int. Inst.,
Refrig. Annex 22, 1941, No4, 1-3. [all data]
Riedel, 1940
Riedel, L.,
Bestimmung der spezifischen Wärme von Äthychlorid und Methylenchlorid im flüssigen Zustand,
Z. ges. Kalte-Ind., 1940, 47, 87. [all data]
Jenkin and Shorthose, 1924
Jenkin, C.F.; Shorthose, D.N.,
Thermal properties of ethyl chloride, 1924, 347-349. [all data]
Timmermans, 1952
Timmermans, J.,
Freezing points of organic compounds. VVI New determinations.,
Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg., 1952, 61, 393. [all data]
Awbery, 1941
Awbery, J.H.,
Philos. Mag., 1941, 31, 247. [all data]
Timmermans and Hennaut-Roland, 1937
Timmermans, J.; Hennaut-Roland, M.,
Works from International Bureau at Physical-Chemical Standards. VIII. Physical constants of 20 organic compounds,
J. Chim. Phys. Phys.-Chim. Biol., 1937, 34, 693. [all data]
Timmermans, 1911
Timmermans, J.,
Researches on the freezing point of organic liquid compounds,
Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg., 1911, 25, 300. [all data]
Gordon and Giauque, 1948, 2
Gordon, J.; Giauque, W.F.,
The Entropy of Ethyl Chloride. Heat Capacity from 13 to 287 K. Vapor Pressure. Heats of Fusion and Vaporization,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1948, 70, 1506. [all data]
Berthoud, 1917
Berthoud, A.,
Determination of Critical Temperatures and Pressures of Amines and Alkyl Chlorides,
J. Chim. Phys. Phys.-Chim. Biol., 1917, 15, 3. [all data]
Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw,
Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2
. [all data]
Li and Rossini, 1961
Li, J.C.M.; Rossini, F.D.,
Vapor Pressures and Boiling Points of the l-Fluoroalkanes, l-Chloroalkanes, l-Bromoalkanes, and l-Iodoalkanes, C 1 to C 20 .,
J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1961, 6, 2, 268-270, https://doi.org/10.1021/je60010a025
. [all data]
Dykyj, 1970
Dykyj, J.,
Petrochemica, 1970, 10, 2, 51. [all data]
Yates, 1926
Yates, G.W.C.,
LXXIV. Latent heats of vaporization of ethyl and methyl chlorides,
Philos. Mag., 1926, 2, 817-826. [all data]
Acree, 1991
Acree, William E.,
Thermodynamic properties of organic compounds: enthalpy of fusion and melting point temperature compilation,
Thermochimica Acta, 1991, 189, 1, 37-56, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(91)87098-H
. [all data]
Li, Ross, et al., 1996
Li, C.; Ross, P.; Szulejko, J.; McMahon, T.B.,
High-Pressure Mass Spectrometric Investigations of the Potential Energy Surfaces of Gas-Phase Sn2 Reactions.,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1996, 118, 39, 9360, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja960565o
. [all data]
Riveros, Breda, et al., 1973
Riveros, J.M.; Breda, A.C.; Blair, L.K.,
Formation and relative stability of chloride ion clusters in the gas phase by ICR spectroscopy,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1973, 95, 4066. [all data]
Larson and McMahon, 1984
Larson, J.W.; McMahon, T.B.,
Fluoride and chloride affinities of main group oxides, fluorides, oxofluorides, and alkyls. Quantitative scales of lewis acidities from ion cyclotron resonance halide-exchange equilibria,
J. Phys. Chem., 1984, 88, 1083. [all data]
Levanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979
Levanova, s.V.; Bushneva, I.I.; Rodova, R.M.; Rozhnov, A.M.; Treger, Yu.A.; Aprelkin, A.S.,
Thermodynamic stability of chloroethanes in dehydrochlorination reactions,
J. Appl. Chem. USSR, 1979, 52, 1439-1442. [all data]
Howlett, 1955
Howlett, K.E.,
The use of equilibrium constants to calculate thermodynamic quantities. Part II,
J. Chem. Soc., 1955, 1784-17. [all data]
Lane, Linnett, et al., 1953
Lane, M.R.; Linnett, J.W.; Oswin, H.G.,
A study of the C2H4+HCl=C2H5Cl and C2H4+Hbr=C2H5Br equilibria,
Proc. Roy. Soc. London A, 1953, 216, 361-374. [all data]
Luczynski and Wincel, 1974
Luczynski, Z.; Wincel, H.,
Ion - Molecule Reactions in Ethyl Chloride,
Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1974, 14, 1, 29, https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7381(74)80059-8
. [all data]
Sharma, Meza de Hojer, et al., 1985
Sharma, D.M.S.; Meza de Hojer, S.; Kebarle, P.,
Stabilities of halonium ions from a study of gas-phase equilibria R+ + XR' = (RXR')+,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1985, 107, 13, 3757, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00299a002
. [all data]
Cox and Pilcher, 1970
Cox, J.D.; Pilcher, G.,
Thermochemistry of Organic and Organometallic Compounds
in Academic Press, New York, 1970. [all data]
Rosenstock, Buff, et al., 1982
Rosenstock, H.M.; Buff, R.; Ferreira, M.A.A.; Lias, S.G.; Parr, A.C.; Stockbauer, R.L.; Holmes, J.L.,
Fragmentation mechanism and energetics of some alkyl halide ions,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1982, 104, 2337. [all data]
Sen Sharma and Kebarle, 1978
Sen Sharma, D.K.; Kebarle, P.,
Binding Energies and Stabilities of Chloronium Ions from Study of the Gas - Phase Equilibria: R1+ + ClR2 = R1ClR2+,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1978, 100, 18, 5826, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00486a039
. [all data]
Lacher, Emery, et al., 1956
Lacher, J.R.; Emery, E.; Bohmfalk, E.; Park, J.D.,
Reaction heats of organic compounds. IV. A high temperature calorimeter and the hydrogenation of methyl ethyl and vinyl chlorides,
J. Phys. Chem., 1956, 60, 492-495. [all data]
Notes
Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, References
- Symbols used in this document:
Cp,liquid Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid Pc Critical pressure S°liquid Entropy of liquid at standard conditions Tboil Boiling point Tc Critical temperature Tfus Fusion (melting) point Ttriple Triple point temperature ΔfH°liquid Enthalpy of formation of liquid at standard conditions ΔfusH Enthalpy of fusion ΔfusS Entropy of fusion ΔrG° Free energy of reaction at standard conditions ΔrH° Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions ΔrS° Entropy of reaction at standard conditions ΔvapH Enthalpy of vaporization ΔvapH° Enthalpy of vaporization at standard conditions ΔvapS Entropy of vaporization - Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
- The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database.
- Customer support for NIST Standard Reference Data products.