Ethyl Chloride

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Gas phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfgas-109. ± 8.kJ/molAVGN/AAverage of 6 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δcgas-1413.1 ± 0.59kJ/molCcbFletcher and Pilcher, 1971ALS
Δcgas-1430. ± 10.kJ/molCcbCasey and Fordham, 1951ALS

Phase change data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tboil289. ± 10.KAVGN/AAverage of 8 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tfus136.75KN/ATimmermans, 1952Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.4 K; TRC
Tfus133.KN/AAwbery, 1941Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 2. K; TRC
Tfus137.KN/ATimmermans and Hennaut-Roland, 1937Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.5 K; TRC
Tfus132.3KN/ATimmermans, 1911Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.2 K; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Ttriple134.82KN/AGordon and Giauque, 1948Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.02 K; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tc460.35KN/ABerthoud, 1917Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.4 K; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Pc52.4053barN/ABerthoud, 1917Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.4053 bar; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δvap24.6 ± 0.3kJ/molReviewManion, 2002weighted average of several measurements plus a correction for non-ideality; DRB

Enthalpy of vaporization

ΔvapH (kJ/mol) Temperature (K) Method Reference Comment
24.652285.42N/AGordon and Giauque, 1948, 2P = 101.325 kPa; DH
25.1300.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 285. to 344. K.; AC
24.4349.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 334. to 413. K.; AC
24.4418.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 403. to 460. K.; AC
27.8222.A,EStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 207. to 305. K. See also Li and Rossini, 1961 and Dykyj, 1970.; AC
25.9270.N/AGordon and Giauque, 1948, 2Based on data from 218. to 285. K.; AC
24.83294.CYates, 1926ALS

Entropy of vaporization

ΔvapS (J/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
86.37285.42Gordon and Giauque, 1948, 2P; DH

Antoine Equation Parameters

log10(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (bar)
    T = temperature (K)

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Temperature (K) A B C Reference Comment
217.21 to 285.664.161811052.821-32.078Gordon and Giauque, 1948, 2Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.

Enthalpy of fusion

ΔfusH (kJ/mol) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
4.452134.82Gordon and Giauque, 1948, 2DH
4.45134.8Acree, 1991AC

Entropy of fusion

ΔfusS (J/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
33.02134.82Gordon and Giauque, 1948, 2DH

In addition to the Thermodynamics Research Center (TRC) data available from this site, much more physical and chemical property data is available from the following TRC products:


Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

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Mass spectrum
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Additional Data

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Owner NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center
Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce
on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
NIST MS number 19016

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Gas Chromatography

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal

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Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
CapillaryOV-150.441.Villalobos, 199530. m/0.32 mm/0.96 μm
PackedOV-1100.431.Castello and Gerbino, 1988He, Chromosorb W DMCS; Column length: 3. m
PackedOV-1125.431.Castello and Gerbino, 1988He, Chromosorb W DMCS; Column length: 3. m
PackedOV-175.431.Castello and Gerbino, 1988He, Chromosorb W DMCS; Column length: 3. m
PackedSqualane80.416.Pacáková, Vojtechová, et al., 1988N2, Chezasorb AW-HMDS; Column length: 1.2 m
PackedSqualane27.414.Hively and Hinton, 1968He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSqualane49.415.Hively and Hinton, 1968He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSqualane67.416.Hively and Hinton, 1968He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSqualane86.417.Hively and Hinton, 1968He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedApiezon L130.427.von Kováts, 1958Celite (40:60 Gewichtsverhaltnis)
PackedApiezon L70.432.von Kováts, 1958Celite (40:60 Gewichtsverhaltnis)

Kovats' RI, polar column, isothermal

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Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
CapillaryCarbowax 20M50.668.Villalobos, 199530. m/0.32 mm/0.54 μm, He
PackedSP-1000100.661.08Castello and Gerbino, 1988He, Chromosorb W DMCS; Column length: 3. m
PackedSP-1000125.661.45Castello and Gerbino, 1988He, Chromosorb W DMCS; Column length: 3. m
PackedSP-100075.661.48Castello and Gerbino, 1988He, Chromosorb W DMCS; Column length: 3. m

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryPetrocol DH423.96White, Douglas, et al., 1992100. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 220. C
CapillaryPetrocol DH424.09White, Douglas, et al., 1992100. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 220. C
CapillaryPetrocol DH424.White, Hackett, et al., 1992100. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 220. C

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, isothermal

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Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
PackedApiezon L100.455.Kavan, 1973Column length: 3.2 m

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryOV-101430.Zenkevich, 200525. m/0.20 mm/0.10 μm, N2/He, 6. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryBP-1434.Health Safety Executive, 200050. m/0.22 mm/0.75 μm, He, 5. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 200. C
CapillarySE-54446.Huang, Liang, et al., 199636. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 5. K/min; Tstart: 35. C; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryOV-101432.Dimov and Milina, 1989H2, 2. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 280. C

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxanes430.Zenkevich, Eliseenkov, et al., 2006Program: not specified
CapillaryMethyl Silicone430.Zenkevich, 1999Program: not specified
CapillaryMethyl Silicone430.Zenkevich, 1998Program: not specified
CapillarySPB-1426.Flanagan, Streete, et al., 199760. m/0.53 mm/5. μm, He; Program: 40C(6min) => 5C/min => 80C => 10C/min => 200C
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxanes430.Zenkevich and Chupalov, 1996Program: not specified
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxanes432.Zenkevich and Chupalov, 1996Program: not specified
CapillarySPB-1426.Strete, Ruprah, et al., 199260. m/0.53 mm/5.0 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (6 min) 5 0C/min -> 80 0C 10 0C/min -> 200 0C
CapillarySPB-1447.Strete, Ruprah, et al., 199260. m/0.53 mm/5.0 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
CapillaryOV-1447.Ramsey and Flanagan, 1982Program: not specified

Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryCarbowax 20M668.Ramsey and Flanagan, 1982Program: not specified

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Fletcher and Pilcher, 1971
Fletcher, R.A.; Pilcher, G., Measurements of heats of combustion by flame calorimetry. Part 7.-Chloromethane, chloroethane, 1-chloropropane, 2-chloropropane, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1971, 67, 3191-3201. [all data]

Casey and Fordham, 1951
Casey, D.W.H.; Fordham, S., An all-glass calorimeter, and the heat of combustion of ethyl chloride, J. Chem. Soc., 1951, 2513-2516. [all data]

Timmermans, 1952
Timmermans, J., Freezing points of organic compounds. VVI New determinations., Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg., 1952, 61, 393. [all data]

Awbery, 1941
Awbery, J.H., Philos. Mag., 1941, 31, 247. [all data]

Timmermans and Hennaut-Roland, 1937
Timmermans, J.; Hennaut-Roland, M., Works from International Bureau at Physical-Chemical Standards. VIII. Physical constants of 20 organic compounds, J. Chim. Phys. Phys.-Chim. Biol., 1937, 34, 693. [all data]

Timmermans, 1911
Timmermans, J., Researches on the freezing point of organic liquid compounds, Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg., 1911, 25, 300. [all data]

Gordon and Giauque, 1948
Gordon, J.; Giauque, W.F., The Entropy of Ethyl Chloride. Heat Capacity from 13 to 287 K. Vapor Pressure. Heats of Fusion and Vaporization, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1948, 70, 1506. [all data]

Berthoud, 1917
Berthoud, A., Determination of Critical Temperatures and Pressures of Amines and Alkyl Chlorides, J. Chim. Phys. Phys.-Chim. Biol., 1917, 15, 3. [all data]

Manion, 2002
Manion, J.A., Evaluated Enthalpies of Formation of the Stable Closed Shell C1 and C2 Chlorinated Hydrocarbons, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 2002, 31, 1, 123-172, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1420703 . [all data]

Gordon and Giauque, 1948, 2
Gordon, J.; Giauque, W.F., The entropy of ethyl chloride. Heat capacity from 18 to 287K. Vapor pressure. Heats of fusion and vaporization, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1948, 70, 1506-1510. [all data]

Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw, Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2 . [all data]

Li and Rossini, 1961
Li, J.C.M.; Rossini, F.D., Vapor Pressures and Boiling Points of the l-Fluoroalkanes, l-Chloroalkanes, l-Bromoalkanes, and l-Iodoalkanes, C 1 to C 20 ., J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1961, 6, 2, 268-270, https://doi.org/10.1021/je60010a025 . [all data]

Dykyj, 1970
Dykyj, J., Petrochemica, 1970, 10, 2, 51. [all data]

Yates, 1926
Yates, G.W.C., LXXIV. Latent heats of vaporization of ethyl and methyl chlorides, Philos. Mag., 1926, 2, 817-826. [all data]

Acree, 1991
Acree, William E., Thermodynamic properties of organic compounds: enthalpy of fusion and melting point temperature compilation, Thermochimica Acta, 1991, 189, 1, 37-56, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(91)87098-H . [all data]

Villalobos, 1995
Villalobos, R., A window diagram for key component analysis in on-line gas chromatography, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr., 1995, 18, 6, 343-347, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240180604 . [all data]

Castello and Gerbino, 1988
Castello, G.; Gerbino, T.C., Effect of Temperature on the Gas Chromatographic Separation of Halogenated Compounds on Polar and Non-Polar Stationary Phases, J. Chromatogr., 1988, 437, 33-45, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)90369-8 . [all data]

Pacáková, Vojtechová, et al., 1988
Pacáková, V.; Vojtechová, H.; Coufal, P., Reaction gas chromatography: study of the photodecomposition of halogenated hydrocarbons, Chromatographia, 1988, 25, 7, 621-626, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02327659 . [all data]

Hively and Hinton, 1968
Hively, R.A.; Hinton, R.E., Variation of the retention index with temperature on squalane substrates, J. Gas Chromatogr., 1968, 6, 4, 203-217, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/6.4.203 . [all data]

von Kováts, 1958
von Kováts, E., 206. Gas-chromatographische Charakterisierung organischer Verbindungen. Teil 1: Retentionsindices aliphatischer Halogenide, Alkohole, Aldehyde und Ketone, Helv. Chim. Acta, 1958, 41, 7, 1915-1932, https://doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19580410703 . [all data]

White, Douglas, et al., 1992
White, C.M.; Douglas, L.J.; Hackett, J.P.; Anderson, R.R., Characterization of synthetic gasoline from the chloromethane-zeolite reaction, Energy Fuels, 1992, 6, 1, 76-82, https://doi.org/10.1021/ef00031a012 . [all data]

White, Hackett, et al., 1992
White, C.M.; Hackett, J.; Anderson, R.R.; Kail, S.; Spock, P.S., Linear temperature programmed retention indices of gasoline range hydrocarbons and chlorinated hydrocarbons on cross-linked polydimethylsiloxane, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr., 1992, 15, 2, 105-120, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240150211 . [all data]

Kavan, 1973
Kavan, I., Analysis of odorants, Sbornik Praci UVP, 1973, 26, 128-144. [all data]

Zenkevich, 2005
Zenkevich, I.G., Experimentally measured retention indices., 2005. [all data]

Health Safety Executive, 2000
Health Safety Executive, MDHS 96 Volatile organic compounds in air - Laboratory method using pumed solid sorbent tubes, solvent desorption and gas chromatography in Methods for the Determination of Hazardous Substances (MDHS) guidance, Crown, Colegate, Norwich, 2000, 1-24, retrieved from http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/mdhs/pdfs/mdhs96.pdf. [all data]

Huang, Liang, et al., 1996
Huang, C.; Liang, H.; Han, S., The analysis of organic compounds in waste water by gas extraction/thermal desorption/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Chin. J. Chromatogr., 1996, 14, 6, 421-424. [all data]

Dimov and Milina, 1989
Dimov, N.; Milina, R., Precalculation of gas chromatographic retention indices of linear 1-halogenoalkanes, J. Chromatogr., 1989, 463, 159-164, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)84464-2 . [all data]

Zenkevich, Eliseenkov, et al., 2006
Zenkevich, I.G.; Eliseenkov, E.V.; Kasatochkin, A.N., Application of Retention Indices in GC-MS Identification of Halogenated Organic Compounds, Mass Spectromery (Rus.), 2006, 3, 2, 131-140. [all data]

Zenkevich, 1999
Zenkevich, I.G., Mutual Correlation between Gas-Chromatographic Retention Indices of Organic Compounds from Different Series, Zh. Anal. Khim., 1999, 54, 12, 1272-1279. [all data]

Zenkevich, 1998
Zenkevich, I.G., Reciprocally Unambiguous Conformity Between GC Retention Indices and Boiling Points within Two- and Multidimensional Taxonomic Groups of Organic Compounds, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr., 1998, 21, 10, 565-568, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1521-4168(19981001)21:10<565::AID-JHRC565>3.0.CO;2-6 . [all data]

Flanagan, Streete, et al., 1997
Flanagan, R.J.; Streete, P.J.; Ramsey, J.D., Volatile Substance Abuse, UNODC Technical Series, No 5, United Nations, Office on Drugs and Crime, Vienna International Centre, PO Box 500, A-1400 Vienna, Austria, 1997, 56, retrieved from http://www.odccp.org/pdf/technicalseries1997-01-011.pdf. [all data]

Zenkevich and Chupalov, 1996
Zenkevich, I.G.; Chupalov, A.A., New Possibilities of Chromato Mass Pectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds Using Increments of Gas Chromatographic Retention Indices of Molecular Structural Fragments, Zh. Org. Khim. (Rus.), 1996, 32, 5, 656-666. [all data]

Strete, Ruprah, et al., 1992
Strete, P.J.; Ruprah, M.; Ramsey, J.D.; Flanagan, R.J., Detection and identification of volatile substances by headspace capillary gas chromatography to aid the diagnosis of acute poisoning, Analyst, 1992, 117, 7, 1111-1127, https://doi.org/10.1039/an9921701111 . [all data]

Ramsey and Flanagan, 1982
Ramsey, J.D.; Flanagan, R.J., Detection and Identification of Volatile Organic Compounds in Blood by Headspace Gas Chromatography as an Aid to the Diagnosis of Solvent Abuse, J. Chromatogr., 1982, 240, 2, 423-444, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)99622-5 . [all data]


Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References