Ethyl Chloride

• Formula: C₂H₅Cl
• Molecular weight: 64.514
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C2H5Cl/c1-2-3/h2H2,1H3 Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: HRYZWHHZPQKTII-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 75-00-3
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
  The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
• Other names: Ethane, chloro-; Aethylis; Aethylis chloridum; Anodynon; Chelen; Chlorene; Chlorethyl; Chloridum; Chloroethane; Chloryl; Chloryl anesthetic; Cloretilo; Dublofix; Ether chloratus; Ether hydrochloric; Ether muriatic; Hydrochloric ether; Kelene; Monochlorethane; Monochloroethane; Muriatic ether; Narcotile; C2H5Cl; Aethylchlorid; Chloorethaan; Chloroaethan; Chlorure D'ethyle; Cloroetano; Cloruro di etile; Etylu chlorek; NCI-C06224; UN 1037; Chloryle anesthetic
• Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
• Information on this page:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Reaction thermochemistry data
  • IR Spectrum
  • Gas Chromatography
  • References
  • Notes
• Other data available:
  • Condensed phase thermochemistry data
  • Phase change data
  • Henry's Law data
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • Ion clustering data
  • Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
  • Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels
• Data at other public NIST sites:
  • Computational Chemistry Comparison and Benchmark Database
  • Gas Phase Kinetics Database
  • X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Database, version 5.0
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Gas phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Reaction thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Cl^- + C₂H₅Cl = (Cl^- • C₂H₅Cl)

=  + 

By formula: C₂H₅Cl = C₂H₄ + HCl

(C₂H₅⁺ • 2) +  = (C₂H₅⁺ • 3)

By formula: (C₂H₅⁺ • 2C₂H₅Cl) + C₂H₅Cl = (C₂H₅⁺ • 3C₂H₅Cl)

(C₂H₅⁺ • ) +  = (C₂H₅⁺ • 2)

By formula: (C₂H₅⁺ • C₂H₅Cl) + C₂H₅Cl = (C₂H₅⁺ • 2C₂H₅Cl)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Br^- + C₂H₅Cl = (Br^- • C₂H₅Cl)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: CH₃⁺ + C₂H₅Cl = (CH₃⁺ • C₂H₅Cl)

C₄H₉⁺ +  = (C₄H₉⁺ • )

By formula: C₄H₉⁺ + C₂H₅Cl = (C₄H₉⁺ • C₂H₅Cl)

 +  =  + 

By formula: H₂ + C₂H₅Cl = C₂H₆ + HCl

IR Spectrum

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Data compiled by: Coblentz Society, Inc.

• GAS (100 mmHg, N2 ADDED, TOTAL PRESSURE 600 mmHg); DOW KBr FOREPRISM-GRATING; DIGITIZED BY COBLENTZ SOCIETY (BATCH II) FROM HARD COPY; 2 cm^-1 resolution

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

• gas

Gas Chromatography

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal

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Kovats' RI, polar column, isothermal

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Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, isothermal

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Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program

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References

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Fletcher and Pilcher, 1971
Fletcher, R.A.; Pilcher, G., Measurements of heats of combustion by flame calorimetry. Part 7.-Chloromethane, chloroethane, 1-chloropropane, 2-chloropropane, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1971, 67, 3191-3201. [all data]

Casey and Fordham, 1951
Casey, D.W.H.; Fordham, S., An all-glass calorimeter, and the heat of combustion of ethyl chloride, J. Chem. Soc., 1951, 2513-2516. [all data]

Li, Ross, et al., 1996
Li, C.; Ross, P.; Szulejko, J.; McMahon, T.B., High-Pressure Mass Spectrometric Investigations of the Potential Energy Surfaces of Gas-Phase Sn2 Reactions., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1996, 118, 39, 9360, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja960565o . [all data]

Riveros, Breda, et al., 1973
Riveros, J.M.; Breda, A.C.; Blair, L.K., Formation and relative stability of chloride ion clusters in the gas phase by ICR spectroscopy, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1973, 95, 4066. [all data]

Larson and McMahon, 1984
Larson, J.W.; McMahon, T.B., Fluoride and chloride affinities of main group oxides, fluorides, oxofluorides, and alkyls. Quantitative scales of lewis acidities from ion cyclotron resonance halide-exchange equilibria, J. Phys. Chem., 1984, 88, 1083. [all data]

Levanova, Bushneva, et al., 1979
Levanova, s.V.; Bushneva, I.I.; Rodova, R.M.; Rozhnov, A.M.; Treger, Yu.A.; Aprelkin, A.S., Thermodynamic stability of chloroethanes in dehydrochlorination reactions, J. Appl. Chem. USSR, 1979, 52, 1439-1442. [all data]

Howlett, 1955
Howlett, K.E., The use of equilibrium constants to calculate thermodynamic quantities. Part II, J. Chem. Soc., 1955, 1784-17. [all data]

Lane, Linnett, et al., 1953
Lane, M.R.; Linnett, J.W.; Oswin, H.G., A study of the C₂H₄+HCl=C₂H₅Cl and C2H4+Hbr=C2H5Br equilibria, Proc. Roy. Soc. London A, 1953, 216, 361-374. [all data]

Luczynski and Wincel, 1974
Luczynski, Z.; Wincel, H., Ion - Molecule Reactions in Ethyl Chloride, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys., 1974, 14, 1, 29, https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7381(74)80059-8 . [all data]

Sharma, Meza de Hojer, et al., 1985
Sharma, D.M.S.; Meza de Hojer, S.; Kebarle, P., Stabilities of halonium ions from a study of gas-phase equilibria R+ + XR' = (RXR')+, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1985, 107, 13, 3757, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00299a002 . [all data]

Cox and Pilcher, 1970
Cox, J.D.; Pilcher, G., Thermochemistry of Organic and Organometallic Compounds in Academic Press, New York, 1970. [all data]

Rosenstock, Buff, et al., 1982
Rosenstock, H.M.; Buff, R.; Ferreira, M.A.A.; Lias, S.G.; Parr, A.C.; Stockbauer, R.L.; Holmes, J.L., Fragmentation mechanism and energetics of some alkyl halide ions, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1982, 104, 2337. [all data]

Sen Sharma and Kebarle, 1978
Sen Sharma, D.K.; Kebarle, P., Binding Energies and Stabilities of Chloronium Ions from Study of the Gas - Phase Equilibria: R1+ + ClR2 = R1ClR2+, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1978, 100, 18, 5826, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00486a039 . [all data]

Lacher, Emery, et al., 1956
Lacher, J.R.; Emery, E.; Bohmfalk, E.; Park, J.D., Reaction heats of organic compounds. IV. A high temperature calorimeter and the hydrogenation of methyl ethyl and vinyl chlorides, J. Phys. Chem., 1956, 60, 492-495. [all data]

Villalobos, 1995
Villalobos, R., A window diagram for key component analysis in on-line gas chromatography, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr., 1995, 18, 6, 343-347, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240180604 . [all data]

Castello and Gerbino, 1988
Castello, G.; Gerbino, T.C., Effect of Temperature on the Gas Chromatographic Separation of Halogenated Compounds on Polar and Non-Polar Stationary Phases, J. Chromatogr., 1988, 437, 33-45, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)90369-8 . [all data]

Pacáková, Vojtechová, et al., 1988
Pacáková, V.; Vojtechová, H.; Coufal, P., Reaction gas chromatography: study of the photodecomposition of halogenated hydrocarbons, Chromatographia, 1988, 25, 7, 621-626, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02327659 . [all data]

Hively and Hinton, 1968
Hively, R.A.; Hinton, R.E., Variation of the retention index with temperature on squalane substrates, J. Gas Chromatogr., 1968, 6, 4, 203-217, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/6.4.203 . [all data]

von Kováts, 1958
von Kováts, E., 206. Gas-chromatographische Charakterisierung organischer Verbindungen. Teil 1: Retentionsindices aliphatischer Halogenide, Alkohole, Aldehyde und Ketone, Helv. Chim. Acta, 1958, 41, 7, 1915-1932, https://doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19580410703 . [all data]

White, Douglas, et al., 1992
White, C.M.; Douglas, L.J.; Hackett, J.P.; Anderson, R.R., Characterization of synthetic gasoline from the chloromethane-zeolite reaction, Energy Fuels, 1992, 6, 1, 76-82, https://doi.org/10.1021/ef00031a012 . [all data]

White, Hackett, et al., 1992
White, C.M.; Hackett, J.; Anderson, R.R.; Kail, S.; Spock, P.S., Linear temperature programmed retention indices of gasoline range hydrocarbons and chlorinated hydrocarbons on cross-linked polydimethylsiloxane, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr., 1992, 15, 2, 105-120, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240150211 . [all data]

Kavan, 1973
Kavan, I., Analysis of odorants, Sbornik Praci UVP, 1973, 26, 128-144. [all data]

Zenkevich, 2005
Zenkevich, I.G., Experimentally measured retention indices., 2005. [all data]

Health Safety Executive, 2000
Health Safety Executive, MDHS 96 Volatile organic compounds in air - Laboratory method using pumed solid sorbent tubes, solvent desorption and gas chromatography in Methods for the Determination of Hazardous Substances (MDHS) guidance, Crown, Colegate, Norwich, 2000, 1-24, retrieved from http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/mdhs/pdfs/mdhs96.pdf. [all data]

Huang, Liang, et al., 1996
Huang, C.; Liang, H.; Han, S., The analysis of organic compounds in waste water by gas extraction/thermal desorption/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Chin. J. Chromatogr., 1996, 14, 6, 421-424. [all data]

Dimov and Milina, 1989
Dimov, N.; Milina, R., Precalculation of gas chromatographic retention indices of linear 1-halogenoalkanes, J. Chromatogr., 1989, 463, 159-164, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)84464-2 . [all data]

Zenkevich, Eliseenkov, et al., 2006
Zenkevich, I.G.; Eliseenkov, E.V.; Kasatochkin, A.N., Application of Retention Indices in GC-MS Identification of Halogenated Organic Compounds, Mass Spectromery (Rus.), 2006, 3, 2, 131-140. [all data]

Zenkevich, 1999
Zenkevich, I.G., Mutual Correlation between Gas-Chromatographic Retention Indices of Organic Compounds from Different Series, Zh. Anal. Khim., 1999, 54, 12, 1272-1279. [all data]

Zenkevich, 1998
Zenkevich, I.G., Reciprocally Unambiguous Conformity Between GC Retention Indices and Boiling Points within Two- and Multidimensional Taxonomic Groups of Organic Compounds, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr., 1998, 21, 10, 565-568, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1521-4168(19981001)21:10<565::AID-JHRC565>3.0.CO;2-6 . [all data]

Flanagan, Streete, et al., 1997
Flanagan, R.J.; Streete, P.J.; Ramsey, J.D., Volatile Substance Abuse, UNODC Technical Series, No 5, United Nations, Office on Drugs and Crime, Vienna International Centre, PO Box 500, A-1400 Vienna, Austria, 1997, 56, retrieved from http://www.odccp.org/pdf/technical_series₁997-01-01₁.pdf. [all data]

Zenkevich and Chupalov, 1996
Zenkevich, I.G.; Chupalov, A.A., New Possibilities of Chromato Mass Pectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds Using Increments of Gas Chromatographic Retention Indices of Molecular Structural Fragments, Zh. Org. Khim. (Rus.), 1996, 32, 5, 656-666. [all data]

Strete, Ruprah, et al., 1992
Strete, P.J.; Ruprah, M.; Ramsey, J.D.; Flanagan, R.J., Detection and identification of volatile substances by headspace capillary gas chromatography to aid the diagnosis of acute poisoning, Analyst, 1992, 117, 7, 1111-1127, https://doi.org/10.1039/an9921701111 . [all data]

Ramsey and Flanagan, 1982
Ramsey, J.D.; Flanagan, R.J., Detection and Identification of Volatile Organic Compounds in Blood by Headspace Gas Chromatography as an Aid to the Diagnosis of Solvent Abuse, J. Chromatogr., 1982, 240, 2, 423-444, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)99622-5 . [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References

• Symbols used in this document:
  

  ΔcH°gas	Enthalpy of combustion of gas at standard conditions
  ΔfH°gas	Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions
  ΔrG°	Free energy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔrH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔrS°	Entropy of reaction at standard conditions

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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