Hydrogen cyanide

• Formula: CHN
• Molecular weight: 27.0253
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/CHN/c1-2/h1H Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 74-90-8
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file
• Other names: Hydrocyanic acid; AC; Blausaeure (German); Carbon hydride nitride (CHN); Formic anammonide; Formonitrile; HCN; Prussic Acid; Cyclon; Acide cyanhydrique; Acido cianidrico; Aero Liquid HCN; Blausaeure; Blauwzuur; Cyaanwaterstof; Cyanwasserstoff; Cyclone B; Cyjanowodor; Evercyn; NA 1051; Prussic acid, unstabilized; Rcra waste number P063; UN 1051; Zaclondiscoids; Carbon hydride nitride; Zootic acid; Agent AC; Nitrilomethane
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• Information on this page:
  • Reaction thermochemistry data (reactions 1 to 50)
  • References
  • Notes
• Other data available:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Condensed phase thermochemistry data
  • Phase change data
  • Reaction thermochemistry data: reactions 51 to 92
  • Henry's Law data
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • Ion clustering data
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  • Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
  • Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels
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Reaction thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Reactions 1 to 50

CN^- +  = (CN^-  )

By formula: CN^- + CHN = (CN^-  CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rH°	21.7 ± 3.5	kcal/mol	IMRE	Larson and McMahon, 1987	gas phase; B,M
rH°	20.0 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	Est	Larson and McMahon, 1984	gas phase; B
rH°	20.7	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M
rH°	20.7	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; M,B,B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rS°	20.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M
rS°	20.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
rS°	20.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; M
rS°	26.9	cal/mol*K	N/A	Larson and McMahon, 1987	gas phase; switching reaction,Thermochemical ladder(H2O), Entropy change calculated or estimated; Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rG°	14.5 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; B
rG°	13.7 ± 2.3	kcal/mol	IMRE	Larson and McMahon, 1987	gas phase; B,M
rG°	14.5 ± 1.6	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B

 +  = (  )

By formula: F^- + CHN = (F^-  CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rH°	39.5 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Larson and McMahon, 1983	gas phase; These relative affinities are ca. 10 kcal/mol weaker than threshold values (see Wenthold and Squires, 1995) for donors greater than ca. 27 kcal/mol in free energy. This discrepancy has not yet been resolved, though the stronger value appears preferable.; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rS°	22.2	cal/mol*K	N/A	Larson and McMahon, 1983	gas phase; switching reaction(F-)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rG°	32.9 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Larson and McMahon, 1983	gas phase; These relative affinities are ca. 10 kcal/mol weaker than threshold values (see Wenthold and Squires, 1995) for donors greater than ca. 27 kcal/mol in free energy. This discrepancy has not yet been resolved, though the stronger value appears preferable.; B,M

 +  = (  )

By formula: Li⁺ + CHN = (Li⁺  CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rH°	36.4	kcal/mol	ICR	Woodin and Beauchamp, 1978	gas phase; switching reaction(Li+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970 interpolated; M
rH°	36.	kcal/mol	ICR	Staley and Beauchamp, 1975	gas phase; switching reaction(Li+)H2O, from graph; Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970 extrapolated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rS°	25.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Woodin and Beauchamp, 1978	gas phase; switching reaction(Li+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970 interpolated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rG°	28.	kcal/mol	ICR	Woodin and Beauchamp, 1978	gas phase; switching reaction(Li+)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970 interpolated; M

 +  = (  )

By formula: Cl^- + CHN = (Cl^-  CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rH°	21.8 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; B,B,M
rH°	21.0 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Larson and McMahon, 1984, 2	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rS°	18.9	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
rS°	23.7	cal/mol*K	N/A	Larson and McMahon, 1984, 3	gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)t-C4H9OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; French, Ikuta, et al., 1982; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rG°	16.2 ± 1.6	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B
rG°	16.1 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; B
rG°	13.9 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Larson and McMahon, 1984, 2	gas phase; B,M

CN^- +  =

By formula: CN^- + H⁺ = CHN

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rH°	349.8 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	CIDT	Akin and Ervin, 2006	gas phase; B
rH°	350.50 ± 0.17	kcal/mol	D-EA	Bradforth, Kim, et al., 1993	gas phase; B
rH°	351.1 ± 2.1	kcal/mol	G+TS	Bartmess, Scott, et al., 1979	gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rG°	342.5 ± 1.1	kcal/mol	H-TS	Akin and Ervin, 2006	gas phase; B
rG°	343.17 ± 0.27	kcal/mol	H-TS	Bradforth, Kim, et al., 1993	gas phase; B
rG°	343.8 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Bartmess, Scott, et al., 1979	gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B

 +  = (  )

By formula: CHO₂^- + CHN = (CHO₂^-  CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rH°	22.0	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; M,B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rS°	22.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
rS°	21.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rG°	15.6 ± 1.6	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; Entropy of 22.0 eu assumed.; B

Free energy of reaction

rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
11.8	473.	PHPMS	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(  ) +  = (  2)

By formula: (CHO₂^-  CHN) + CHN = (CHO₂^-  2CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rH°	17.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; M,B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rS°	22.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
rS°	23.6	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rG°	10.70	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; Entropy estimated; B

Free energy of reaction

rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
9.6	350.	PHPMS	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(  3  ) +  = (  4  )

By formula: (H₄N⁺  3CHN  H₃N) + CHN = (H₄N⁺  4CHN  H₃N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rH°	8.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Deakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, T = 392 in paper is error; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rS°	20.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Deakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, T = 392 in paper is error; M

Free energy of reaction

rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
2.7	292.	PHPMS	Deakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated, T = 392 in paper is error; M

(  8) +  = (  9)

By formula: (Cl^-  8CHN) + CHN = (Cl^-  9CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rH°	7.5 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; Entropy estimated; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rS°	25.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rG°	0.10	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; Entropy estimated; B

Free energy of reaction

rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
3.2	171.	PHPMS	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(  4) +  = (  5)

By formula: (C₂H₃O₂^-  4CHN) + CHN = (C₂H₃O₂^-  5CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rH°	9.8 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; Entropy estimated; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rS°	25.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rG°	2.40	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; Entropy estimated; B

Free energy of reaction

rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
4.5	213.	PHPMS	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(CN^-  6) +  = (CN^-  7)

By formula: (CN^-  6CHN) + CHN = (CN^-  7CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rH°	7.6 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; Entropy estimated; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rS°	20.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rG°	1.60	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; Entropy estimated; B

Free energy of reaction

rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
3.0	238.	PHPMS	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(CN^-  2) +  = (CN^-  3)

By formula: (CN^-  2CHN) + CHN = (CN^-  3CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rH°	12.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M
rH°	12.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; M,B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rS°	21.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M
rS°	21.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
rS°	21.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rG°	6.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B

(CN^-  3) +  = (CN^-  4)

By formula: (CN^-  3CHN) + CHN = (CN^-  4CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rH°	10.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M
rH°	10.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; M,B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rS°	24.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M
rS°	24.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
rS°	24.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rG°	3.50	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B

(CN^-  ) +  = (CN^-  2)

By formula: (CN^-  CHN) + CHN = (CN^-  2CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rH°	16.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M
rH°	16.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; M,B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rS°	21.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M
rS°	21.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
rS°	21.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rG°	9.90	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B

CH₂N⁺ +  = (CH₂N⁺  )

By formula: CH₂N⁺ + CHN = (CH₂N⁺  CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rH°	26.1	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Speller and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985	gas phase; «DELTA»rH, «DELTA»rS too small compared with other nitrile dimers; M
rH°	30.0	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1978	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rS°	23.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Speller and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985	gas phase; «DELTA»rH, «DELTA»rS too small compared with other nitrile dimers; M
rS°	32.	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1978	gas phase; M

(CN^-    2) +  = (CN^-  2  2)

By formula: (CN^-  H₂O  2CHN) + H₂O = (CN^-  2H₂O  2CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rH°	8.9 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner (Mautner) M. and Speller, 1989	gas phase; Entropy estimated; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rS°	20.	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rG°	2.9 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner (Mautner) M. and Speller, 1989	gas phase; Entropy estimated; B

Free energy of reaction

rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
3.7	262.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M

(CN^-  3) +  = (CN^-    3)

By formula: (CN^-  3CHN) + H₂O = (CN^-  H₂O  3CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rH°	9.4 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner (Mautner) M. and Speller, 1989	gas phase; Entropy estimated; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rS°	20.	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rG°	3.4 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner (Mautner) M. and Speller, 1989	gas phase; Entropy estimated; B

Free energy of reaction

rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
4.2	262.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M

(CH₂N⁺    ) +  = (CH₂N⁺  2  )

By formula: (CH₂N⁺  CHN  H₂O) + CHN = (CH₂N⁺  2CHN  H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rH°	15.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rS°	24.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rG°	8.4	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n, Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(    2) +  = (  2  2)

By formula: (H₄N⁺  H₃N  2CHN) + H₃N = (H₄N⁺  2H₃N  2CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rH°	12.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Deakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rS°	20.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Deakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
6.6	315.	PHPMS	Deakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(    2) +  = (  2  2)

By formula: (H₄N⁺  CHN  2H₃N) + CHN = (H₄N⁺  2CHN  2H₃N)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rH°	11.2	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Deakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rS°	20.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Deakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
4.9	315.	PHPMS	Deakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

(CN^-  4) +  = (CN^-  5)

By formula: (CN^-  4CHN) + CHN = (CN^-  5CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rH°	9.8 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
rH°	9.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rS°	20.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M
rS°	20.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rG°	3.80	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B

(  ) +  = (    )

By formula: (H₄N⁺  CHN) + H₃N = (H₄N⁺  H₃N  CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rH°	18.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Deakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rS°	22.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Deakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
9.4	429.	PHPMS	Deakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

 +  = (  )

By formula: Br^- + CHN = (Br^-  CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rH°	19.4 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
rH°	16.0 ± 2.0	kcal/mol	Est	Larson and McMahon, 1984	gas phase; Extrapolated from other halide data; B
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rS°	19.8	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rG°	13.5 ± 1.6	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B

C₄H₉O₂⁺ +  = (C₄H₉O₂⁺  )

By formula: C₄H₉O₂⁺ + CHN = (C₄H₉O₂⁺  CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rH°	19.0	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Speller and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rS°	23.	cal/mol*K	N/A	Speller and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

Free energy of reaction

rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
7.9	455.	PHPMS	Speller and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985	gas phase; Entropy change calculated or estimated; M

C₃H₇⁺ +  = (C₃H₇⁺  )

By formula: C₃H₇⁺ + CHN = (C₃H₇⁺  CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rH°	39.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sieck, 1991	gas phase; condensation; M
rH°	30.8	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1978	gas phase; forms i-C3H7NCH+; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rS°	45.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sieck, 1991	gas phase; condensation; M
rS°	32.	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1978	gas phase; forms i-C3H7NCH+; M

HS^- +  = (HS^-  )

By formula: HS^- + CHN = (HS^-  CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rH°	21.0 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; See also H2S..CN-; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rS°	20.	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rG°	15.0 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	IMRE	Meot-ner, 1988	gas phase; See also H2S..CN-; B

 +  = (  )

By formula: H₄N⁺ + CHN = (H₄N⁺  CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rH°	21.9	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Deakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994	gas phase; M
rH°	20.5	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Speller and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rS°	23.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Deakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994	gas phase; M
rS°	20.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Speller and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985	gas phase; M

(CN^-    ) +  = (CN^-  2  )

By formula: (CN^-  H₂O  CHN) + H₂O = (CN^-  2H₂O  CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rH°	9.5 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner (Mautner) M. and Speller, 1989	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rS°	17.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rG°	4.2 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner (Mautner) M. and Speller, 1989	gas phase; B

(CN^-  2) +  = (CN^-    2)

By formula: (CN^-  2CHN) + H₂O = (CN^-  H₂O  2CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rH°	7.7 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner (Mautner) M. and Speller, 1989	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rS°	12.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rG°	4.0 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner (Mautner) M. and Speller, 1989	gas phase; B

(CN^-  ) +  = (CN^-    )

By formula: (CN^-  CHN) + H₂O = (CN^-  H₂O  CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rH°	12.4 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner (Mautner) M. and Speller, 1989	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rS°	19.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rG°	6.5 ± 1.4	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-Ner (Mautner) M. and Speller, 1989	gas phase; B

(  7) +  = (  8)

By formula: (Cl^-  7CHN) + CHN = (Cl^-  8CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rH°	8.2 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rS°	27.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rG°	0.0 ± 2.2	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B

(CN^-    2) +  = (CN^-  2  2)

By formula: (CN^-  CHN  2H₂O) + CHN = (CN^-  2CHN  2H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rH°	12.6	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rS°	20.	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M

Free energy of reaction

rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
7.4	262.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M

(CN^-  2  ) +  = (CN^-  3  )

By formula: (CN^-  2CHN  H₂O) + CHN = (CN^-  3CHN  H₂O)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rH°	12.3	kcal/mol	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rS°	20.	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M

Free energy of reaction

rG° (kcal/mol)	T (K)	Method	Reference	Comment
7.1	262.	PHPMS	Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989	gas phase; n; M

(  2) +  = (  3)

By formula: (Cl^-  2CHN) + CHN = (Cl^-  3CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rH°	13.6 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rS°	21.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rG°	7.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B

(  3) +  = (  4)

By formula: (Cl^-  3CHN) + CHN = (Cl^-  4CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rH°	11.2 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rS°	23.4	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rG°	4.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B

(  ) +  = (  2)

By formula: (Cl^-  CHN) + CHN = (Cl^-  2CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rH°	17.9 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rS°	22.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rG°	11.10	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B

(  2) +  = (  3)

By formula: (I^-  2CHN) + CHN = (I^-  3CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rH°	11.2 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rS°	21.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rG°	4.90	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B

(  2) +  = (  3)

By formula: (Br^-  2CHN) + CHN = (Br^-  3CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rH°	12.8 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rS°	21.9	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rG°	6.30	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B

(  3) +  = (  4)

By formula: (Br^-  3CHN) + CHN = (Br^-  4CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rH°	10.4 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rS°	22.1	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rG°	3.80	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B

(  4) +  = (  5)

By formula: (Cl^-  4CHN) + CHN = (Cl^-  5CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rH°	8.8 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rS°	21.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rG°	2.50	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B

(  5) +  = (  6)

By formula: (Cl^-  5CHN) + CHN = (Cl^-  6CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rH°	8.7 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rS°	24.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rG°	1.50	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B

(  6) +  = (  7)

By formula: (Cl^-  6CHN) + CHN = (Cl^-  7CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rH°	7.9 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rS°	23.1	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rG°	1.00	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B

(  3) +  = (  4)

By formula: (I^-  3CHN) + CHN = (I^-  4CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rH°	9.2 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rS°	20.3	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rG°	3.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B

(  4) +  = (  5)

By formula: (I^-  4CHN) + CHN = (I^-  5CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rH°	8.6 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rS°	22.9	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rG°	1.80	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B

(  5) +  = (  6)

By formula: (I^-  5CHN) + CHN = (I^-  6CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rH°	7.4 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rS°	19.9	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rG°	1.50	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B

(  6) +  = (  7)

By formula: (I^-  6CHN) + CHN = (I^-  7CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rH°	7.4 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rS°	19.9	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rG°	1.50	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B

(  7) +  = (  8)

By formula: (I^-  7CHN) + CHN = (I^-  8CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rH°	6.8 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rS°	21.2	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rG°	0.50	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B

(  ) +  = (  2)

By formula: (I^-  CHN) + CHN = (I^-  2CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rH°	13.2 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rS°	20.0	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rG°	7.20	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B

(  4) +  = (  5)

By formula: (Br^-  4CHN) + CHN = (Br^-  5CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rH°	8.1 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rS°	18.5	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rG°	2.60	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B

(  ) +  = (  2)

By formula: (Br^-  CHN) + CHN = (Br^-  2CHN)

Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rH°	16.3 ± 1.0	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B,M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rS°	22.7	cal/mol*K	PHPMS	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; M
Quantity	Value	Units	Method	Reference	Comment
rG°	9.50	kcal/mol	TDAs	Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988	gas phase; B

References

Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Larson and McMahon, 1987
Larson, J.W.; McMahon, T.B., Hydrogen bonding in gas phase anions. The energetics of interaction between cyanide ion and bronsted acids, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1987, 109, 6230. [all data]

Larson and McMahon, 1984
Larson, J.W.; McMahon, T.B., Gas phase bihalide and pseudohalide ions. An ICR determination of hydrogen bond energies in XHY- species (X,Y = F, Cl, Br, CN), Inorg. Chem., 1984, 23, 2029. [all data]

Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Speller, 1989
Meot-Ner (Mautner), M.; Speller, C.V., Multicomponent Cluster Ions.3. Comparative Stabilities of Cationic and Anionic Hydrogen Bonded Networks. Mixed Clusters of Water and Hydrogen Cyanide, J. Phys. Chem., 1989, 93, 6580. [all data]

Meot-ner, 1988
Meot-ner, M., Ionic Hydrogen Bond and Ion Solvation. ₆. Interaction Energies of the Acetate Ion with Organic Molecules. Comparison of CH₃COO^- with Cl^-, CN^-, and SH^-, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1988, 110, 12, 3854, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00220a022 . [all data]

Meot-ner, Cybulski, et al., 1988
Meot-ner, M.; Cybulski, S.M.; Scheiner, S.; Liebman, J.F., Is CN^- Significantly Anisotropic? Comparison of CN^- vs. Cl^-: Clustering with HCN and Condensed Phase Thermochemistry, J. Phys. Chem., 1988, 92, 10, 2738, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100321a009 . [all data]

Payzant, Yamdagni, et al., 1971
Payzant, J.D.; Yamdagni, R.; Kebarle, P., Hydration of CN-, NO₂-, NO₃-, and HO- in the gas phase, Can. J. Chem., 1971, 49, 3308. [all data]

Larson and McMahon, 1983
Larson, J.W.; McMahon, T.B., Strong hydrogen bonding in gas-phase anions. An ion cyclotron resonance determination of fluoride binding energetics to bronsted acids from gas-phase fluoride exchange equilibria measurements, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1983, 105, 2944. [all data]

Wenthold and Squires, 1995
Wenthold, P.G.; Squires, R.R., Bond dissociation energies of F2(-) and HF2(-). A gas-phase experimental and G2 theoretical study, J. Phys. Chem., 1995, 99, 7, 2002, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100007a034 . [all data]

Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970
Arshadi, M.; Yamdagni, R.; Kebarle, P., Hydration of Halide Negative Ions in the Gas Phase. II. Comparison of Hydration Energies for the Alkali Positive and Halide Negative Ions, J. Phys. Chem., 1970, 74, 7, 1475, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100702a014 . [all data]

Woodin and Beauchamp, 1978
Woodin, R.L.; Beauchamp, J.L., Bonding of Li+ to Lewis Bases in the Gas Phase. Reversals in Methyl Substituent Effects for Different Reference Acids, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1978, 100, 2, 501, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00470a024 . [all data]

Dzidic and Kebarle, 1970
Dzidic, I.; Kebarle, P., Hydration of the Alkali Ions in the Gas Phase. Enthalpies and Entropies of Reactions M+(H2O)n-1 + H2O = M+(H2O)n, J. Phys. Chem., 1970, 74, 7, 1466, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100702a013 . [all data]

Staley and Beauchamp, 1975
Staley, R.H.; Beauchamp, J.L., Intrinsic Acid - Base Properties of Molecules. Binding Energies of Li+ to pi - and n - Donor Bases, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1975, 97, 20, 5920, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00853a050 . [all data]

Larson and McMahon, 1984, 2
Larson, J.W.; McMahon, T.B., Hydrogen bonding in gas phase anions. An experimental investigation of the interaction between chloride ion and bronsted acids from ICR chloride exchange equilibria, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1984, 106, 517. [all data]

Larson and McMahon, 1984, 3
Larson, J.W.; McMahon, T.B., Gas phase negative ion chemistry of alkylchloroformates, Can. J. Chem., 1984, 62, 675. [all data]

French, Ikuta, et al., 1982
French, M.A.; Ikuta, S.; Kebarle, P., Hydrogen bonding of O-H and C-H hydrogen donors to Cl^-. Results from mass spectrometric measurement of the ion-molecule equilibria RH + Cl^- = RHCl^-, Can. J. Chem., 1982, 60, 1907. [all data]

Akin and Ervin, 2006
Akin, F.A.; Ervin, K.M., Collision-induced dissociation of HS-(HCN): Unsymmetrical hydrogen bonding in a proton-bound dimer anion, J. Phys. Chem. A, 2006, 110, 4, 1342-1349, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp0540454 . [all data]

Bradforth, Kim, et al., 1993
Bradforth, S.E.; Kim, E.H.; Arnold, D.W.; Neumark, D.M., Photoelectron Spectroscopy of CN-, NCO-, and NCS-, J. Chem. Phys., 1993, 98, 2, 800, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.464244 . [all data]

Bartmess, Scott, et al., 1979
Bartmess, J.E.; Scott, J.A.; McIver, R.T., Jr., The gas phase acidity scale from methanol to phenol, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1979, 101, 6047. [all data]

Deakyne, Knuth, et al., 1994
Deakyne, C.A.; Knuth, D.M.; Speller, C.V.; Meot-Ner (Mautner), M.; Sieck, L.W., Filling of Solvent Shells about Ions. Part 3. Isomeric Clusters of (HCN)n(NH3)mH+, J. Mol. Structure (Theochem), 1994, 307, 217, https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-1280(94)80130-4 . [all data]

Speller and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985
Speller, C.V.; Meot-Ner (Mautner), M., The Ionic Hydrogen Bond and Ion Solvation. 3. Bonds Involving Cyanides. Correlations with Proton Affinites, J. Phys. Chem., 1985, 81, 24, 5217, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100270a020 . [all data]

Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1978
Meot-Ner (Mautner), M., Solvation of the Proton by HCN and CH3CN. Condensation of HCN with Ions in the Gas Phase., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1978, 100, 15, 4694, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00483a012 . [all data]

Meot-Ner (Mautner) M. and Speller, 1989
Meot-Ner (Mautner) M.; Speller, C.V., Multicomponent Cluster Ions. 2. Comparative Stabilities of Cationic and Anionic Hydrogen Bonded Networks. Mixed Clusters of Water and Hydrogen Cyanide, J. Phys. Chem., 1989, 93, 9, 3663, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100346a058 . [all data]

Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sieck, 1991
Meot-Ner (Mautner), M.; Sieck, L.W., Proton affinity ladders from variable-temperature equilibrium measurements. 1. A reevaluation of the upper proton affinity range, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1991, 113, 12, 4448, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00012a012 . [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, References

• Symbols used in this document:
  

  T	Temperature
  rG°	Free energy of reaction at standard conditions
  rH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions
  rS°	Entropy of reaction at standard conditions

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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