Ethylene

• Formula: C₂H₄
• Molecular weight: 28.0532
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C2H4/c1-2/h1-2H2 Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 74-85-1
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
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• Isotopologues:
  • (Z)-Ethylene-1,2-d2
• Other names: Ethene; Acetene; Bicarburretted hydrogen; Elayl; Olefiant gas; C2H4; Athylen; Liquid ethyene; UN 1038; UN 1962
• Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
• Information on this page:
  • Phase change data
  • Ion clustering data
  • References
  • Notes
• Other data available:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Condensed phase thermochemistry data
  • Reaction thermochemistry data: reactions 1 to 50, reactions 51 to 54
  • Henry's Law data
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • IR Spectrum
  • Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
  • UV/Visible spectrum
  • Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels
  • Gas Chromatography
  • Fluid Properties
• Data at other public NIST sites:
  • Microwave spectra (on physics lab web site)
  • Electron-Impact Ionization Cross Sections (on physics web site)
  • Gas Phase Kinetics Database
• Options:
  • Switch to calorie-based units

Data at NIST subscription sites:

• NIST / TRC Web Thermo Tables, "lite" edition (thermophysical and thermochemical data)
• NIST / TRC Web Thermo Tables, professional edition (thermophysical and thermochemical data)

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Phase change data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos

Enthalpy of vaporization

Entropy of vaporization

Antoine Equation Parameters

log₁₀(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (bar)
    T = temperature (K)

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Enthalpy of sublimation

Enthalpy of fusion

Entropy of fusion

Ion clustering data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
RCD - Robert C. Dunbar
B - John E. Bartmess

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. Searches may be limited to ion clustering reactions. A general reaction search form is also available.

Clustering reactions

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Ag⁺ + C₂H₄ = (Ag⁺ • C₂H₄)

Free energy of reaction

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (Ag⁺ • C₂H₄) + C₂H₄ = (Ag⁺ • 2C₂H₄)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Al⁺ + C₂H₄ = (Al⁺ • C₂H₄)

C₂H₄⁺ +  = (C₂H₄⁺ • )

By formula: C₂H₄⁺ + C₂H₄ = (C₂H₄⁺ • C₂H₄)

(C₂H₄⁺ • ) +  = (C₂H₄⁺ • 2)

By formula: (C₂H₄⁺ • C₂H₄) + C₂H₄ = (C₂H₄⁺ • 2C₂H₄)

C₃H₅⁺ +  = (C₃H₅⁺ • )

By formula: C₃H₅⁺ + C₂H₄ = (C₃H₅⁺ • C₂H₄)

C₃H₉Si⁺ +  = (C₃H₉Si⁺ • )

By formula: C₃H₉Si⁺ + C₂H₄ = (C₃H₉Si⁺ • C₂H₄)

C₄H₇⁺ +  = (C₄H₇⁺ • )

By formula: C₄H₇⁺ + C₂H₄ = (C₄H₇⁺ • C₂H₄)

C₆HCrO₆⁺ +  = (C₆HCrO₆⁺ • )

By formula: C₆HCrO₆⁺ + C₂H₄ = (C₆HCrO₆⁺ • C₂H₄)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Co⁺ + C₂H₄ = (Co⁺ • C₂H₄)

Enthalpy of reaction

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (Co⁺ • C₂H₄) + C₂H₄ = (Co⁺ • 2C₂H₄)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Cr⁺ + C₂H₄ = (Cr⁺ • C₂H₄)

Enthalpy of reaction

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (Cr⁺ • C₂H₄) + C₂H₄ = (Cr⁺ • 2C₂H₄)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Cu⁺ + C₂H₄ = (Cu⁺ • C₂H₄)

Enthalpy of reaction

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (Cu⁺ • C₂H₄) + C₂H₄ = (Cu⁺ • 2C₂H₄)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: F^- + C₂H₄ = (F^- • C₂H₄)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Fe⁺ + C₂H₄ = (Fe⁺ • C₂H₄)

Enthalpy of reaction

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (Fe⁺ • C₂H₄) + C₂H₄ = (Fe⁺ • 2C₂H₄)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: H₄N⁺ + C₂H₄ = (H₄N⁺ • C₂H₄)

Free energy of reaction

 +  = ( • )

By formula: La⁺ + C₂H₄ = (La⁺ • C₂H₄)

Enthalpy of reaction

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Mn⁺ + C₂H₄ = (Mn⁺ • C₂H₄)

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (Mn⁺ • C₂H₄) + C₂H₄ = (Mn⁺ • 2C₂H₄)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Na⁺ + C₂H₄ = (Na⁺ • C₂H₄)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Ni⁺ + C₂H₄ = (Ni⁺ • C₂H₄)

Enthalpy of reaction

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (Ni⁺ • C₂H₄) + C₂H₄ = (Ni⁺ • 2C₂H₄)

Rh⁺ +  = (Rh⁺ • )

By formula: Rh⁺ + C₂H₄ = (Rh⁺ • C₂H₄)

Enthalpy of reaction

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Sc⁺ + C₂H₄ = (Sc⁺ • C₂H₄)

Enthalpy of reaction

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Ti⁺ + C₂H₄ = (Ti⁺ • C₂H₄)

Enthalpy of reaction

 +  = ( • )

By formula: V⁺ + C₂H₄ = (V⁺ • C₂H₄)

Enthalpy of reaction

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (V⁺ • C₂H₄) + C₂H₄ = (V⁺ • 2C₂H₄)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Y⁺ + C₂H₄ = (Y⁺ • C₂H₄)

Enthalpy of reaction

References

Go To: Top, Phase change data, Ion clustering data, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Streng, 1971
Streng, A.G., Miscibility and Compatibility of Some Liquid and Solidified Gases at Low Temperature, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1971, 16, 357. [all data]

Kistiakowsky, Romeyn, et al., 1935
Kistiakowsky, G.B.; Romeyn, H.; Ruhoff, J.R.; Smith, H.A.; Vaughan, W.E., Heats of Organic Reactions. I. The Apparatus and the Heat of Hydrogenation of Ethylene, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1935, 57, 65. [all data]

Parks and Huffman, 1931
Parks, G.S.; Huffman, H.M., Some fusion and transition data for hydrocarbons, Ind. Eng. Chem., 1931, 23, 1138-9. [all data]

Jahangiri, Jacobsen, et al., 1986
Jahangiri, M.; Jacobsen, R.T.; Stewart, R.B.; McCarty, R.D., Thermodynamic Properties of Ethylene from the Freezing Line to 450 K at Pressures to 260 MPa, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1986, 15, 593. [all data]

Jahangiri, 1984
Jahangiri, M., A thermodynamic property formulation for ethylene from the freezing line to 450 K at pressures to 260 MPa, Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. Idaho, Moscow, 1984. [all data]

Tsonopoulos and Ambrose, 1996
Tsonopoulos, C.; Ambrose, D., Vapor-Liquid Critical Properties of Elements and Compounds. 6. Unsaturated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1996, 41, 645-656. [all data]

Douslin and Harrison, 1976
Douslin, D.R.; Harrison, R.H., Pressure, Volume, Temperature Relations of Ethylene, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1976, 8, 301-330. [all data]

Angus, Armstrong, et al., 1974
Angus, S.; Armstrong, B.; de Reuck, K.M., International Thermodynamic Tables of the Fluid State - 2 Ethylene, Butterworths, London, 1974. [all data]

Hastings, Levelt Sengers, et al., 1980
Hastings, J.R.; Levelt Sengers, J.M.H.; Balfour, F.W., The critical=region equation of state of ethene and the effect of small impurities, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1980, 12, 1009-45. [all data]

Mathias, Crommelin, et al., 1929
Mathias, E.; Crommelin, C.-A.; Watts, H.G., Actes Veme Congress International Du Froid 2, 66, 1929. [all data]

Egan and Kemp, 1937
Egan, C.J.; Kemp, J.D., Ethylene. The heat capacity from 15°K to the boiling point. The heats of fusion and vaporization. The vapor pressure of the liquid. The entropy from thermal measurements compared with the entropy from spectroscopic data, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1937, 59, 1264-1268. [all data]

Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw, Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2 . [all data]

Dykyj, 1970
Dykyj, J., Petrochemica, 1970, 10, 2, 51. [all data]

Michels and Wassenaar, 1950
Michels, A.; Wassenaar, T., The vapour pressure of ethylene, Physica, 1950, 16, 3, 221-224, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-8914(50)90018-8 . [all data]

Lamb and Roper, 1940
Lamb, Arthur B.; Roper, Edwin E., The Vapor Pressures of Certain Unsaturated Hydrocarbons, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1940, 62, 4, 806-814, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01861a032 . [all data]

Tickner and Lossing, 1951
Tickner, A.W.; Lossing, F.P., The Measurement of Low Vapor Pressures by Means of a Mass Spectrometer., J. Phys. Chem., 1951, 55, 5, 733-740, https://doi.org/10.1021/j150488a013 . [all data]

Menaucourt, 1982
Menaucourt, J., Saturated vapor pressure of ethylene from 77 to 119 K, J. Chim. Phys. Phys.-Chim. Biol., 1982, 79, 6, 531. [all data]

Chao, Hall, et al., 1983
Chao, J.; Hall, K.R.; Yao, J.M., Thermodynamic properties of simple alkenes, Thermochim. Acta, 1983, 64(3), 285-303. [all data]

Domalski and Hearing, 1996
Domalski, Eugene S.; Hearing, Elizabeth D., Heat Capacities and Entropies of Organic Compounds in the Condensed Phase. Volume III, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1996, 25, 1, 1, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.555985 . [all data]

Guo and Castleman, 1991
Guo, B.C.; Castleman, A.W., The Bonding Strength of Ag+(C2H4) and Ag+(C2H4)2 Complexes, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1991, 181, 1, 16, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(91)90214-T . [all data]

Stockigt, Schwarz, et al., 1996
Stockigt, D.; Schwarz, J.; Schwarz, H., Theoretical and Experimental Studies on the Bond Dissociation Energies of Al(methane)+, Al(acetylene)+, Al(ethene)+, and Al(ethane)+, J. Phys. Chem., 1996, 100, 21, 8786, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp960060k . [all data]

Ono, Linn, et al., 1984
Ono, Y.; Linn, S.H.; Tzeng, W.-B.; Ng, C.Y., A Study of the Unimolecular Decomposition of the (C2H4)2+ Complex, J. Chem. Phys., 1984, 80, 4, 1482, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.446897 . [all data]

Ceyer, Tiedemann, et al., 1979
Ceyer, S.T.; Tiedemann, P.W.; Ng, C.Y.; Mahan, B.H.; Lee, Y.T., Photoionization of Ethylene Clusters, J. Chem. Phys., 1979, 70, 5, 2138, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.437758 . [all data]

Li and Stone, 1989
Li, X.; Stone, J.A., Determination of the beta silicon effect from a mass spectrometric study of the association of trimethylsilylium ion with alkenes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1989, 111, 15, 5586, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00197a013 . [all data]

Hop and McMahon, 1991
Hop, C.E.C.A.; McMahon, T.B., High Pressure Mass Spectrometric Observation of Metal Carbonyl Alkyl Adduct Ions of Novel Structure, Inorg. Chem., 1991, 30, 13, 2828, https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00013a025 . [all data]

Sievers, Jarvis, et al., 1998
Sievers, M.R.; Jarvis, L.M.; Armentrout, P.B., Transition Metal Ethene Bonds: Thermochemistry of M+(C2H4)n (M=Ti-Cu, n=1 and 2) Complexes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1998, 120, 8, 1891, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja973834z . [all data]

Armentrout and Kickel, 1994
Armentrout, P.B.; Kickel, B.L., Gas Phase Thermochemistry of Transition Metal Ligand Systems: Reassessment of Values and Periodic Trends, in Organometallic Ion Chemistry, B. S. Freiser, ed, 1994. [all data]

Haynes and Armentrout, 1994
Haynes, C.L.; Armentrout, P.B., Thermochemistry and Structures of CoC3H6+: Metallacyclic and Metal-Alkene Isomers, Organomettalics, 1994, 13, 9, 3480, https://doi.org/10.1021/om00021a022 . [all data]

Sullivan and Beauchamp, 1976
Sullivan, S.A.; Beauchamp, J.L., Competition between proton transfer and elimination in the reactions of strong bases with fluoroethanes in the gas phase. Influence of base strength on reactivity, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1976, 98, 1160. [all data]

Roy and McMahon, 1985
Roy, M.; McMahon, T.B., The Anomalous Gas Phase Acidity of Ethyl Fluoride. An ab initio Investigation of the Importance of Hydrogen Bonding between Fluoride and sp2 and sp C-H Bonds., Can. J. Chem., 1985, 63, 3, 708, https://doi.org/10.1139/v85-117 . [all data]

Deakyne and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985
Deakyne, C.A.; Meot-Ner (Mautner), M., Unconventional Ionic Hydrogen Bonds. 2. NH+ pi. Complexes of Onium Ions with Olefins and Benzene Derivatives, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1985, 107, 2, 474, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00288a034 . [all data]

Ranashinge and Freiser, 1992
Ranashinge, Y.A.; Freiser, B.S., Gas-Phase Photodissociation of MC2H2+ (M = Sc, Y, La). Determination of D0(M+ - C2H2), Chem. Phys. Let., 1992, 200, 1-2, 135, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(92)87058-W . [all data]

Armentrout and Rodgers, 2000
Armentrout, P.B.; Rodgers, M.T., An Absolute Sodium Cation Affinity Scale: Threshold Collision-Induced Dissociation Experiments and ab Initio Theory, J. Phys. Chem A, 2000, 104, 11, 2238, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp991716n . [all data]

Chen and Armetrout, 1995
Chen, Y.M.; Armetrout, P.B., Activation of C2H6, C3H8, and c-C3H6 by Gas-Phase Rh+ and the Thermochemistry of Rh-Ligand Complexes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1995, 117, 36, 9291, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00141a022 . [all data]

Notes

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• Symbols used in this document:
  

  Pc	Critical pressure
  Ptriple	Triple point pressure
  T	Temperature
  Tboil	Boiling point
  Tc	Critical temperature
  Tfus	Fusion (melting) point
  Ttriple	Triple point temperature
  Vc	Critical volume
  ΔfusH	Enthalpy of fusion
  ΔfusS	Entropy of fusion
  ΔrG°	Free energy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔrH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔrS°	Entropy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔsubH	Enthalpy of sublimation
  ΔvapH	Enthalpy of vaporization
  ΔvapS	Entropy of vaporization
  ρc	Critical density

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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