Ethylene

• Formula: C₂H₄
• Molecular weight: 28.0532
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C2H4/c1-2/h1-2H2 Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 74-85-1
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
  View 3d structure (requires JavaScript / HTML 5)
• Isotopologues:
  • (Z)-Ethylene-1,2-d2
• Other names: Ethene; Acetene; Bicarburretted hydrogen; Elayl; Olefiant gas; C2H4; Athylen; Liquid ethyene; UN 1038; UN 1962
• Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
• Information on this page:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Ion clustering data
  • References
  • Notes
• Other data available:
  • Condensed phase thermochemistry data
  • Phase change data
  • Reaction thermochemistry data: reactions 1 to 50, reactions 51 to 54
  • Henry's Law data
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • IR Spectrum
  • Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
  • UV/Visible spectrum
  • Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels
  • Gas Chromatography
  • Fluid Properties
• Data at other public NIST sites:
  • Microwave spectra (on physics lab web site)
  • Electron-Impact Ionization Cross Sections (on physics web site)
  • Gas Phase Kinetics Database
• Options:
  • Switch to calorie-based units

Data at NIST subscription sites:

• NIST / TRC Web Thermo Tables, "lite" edition (thermophysical and thermochemical data)
• NIST / TRC Web Thermo Tables, professional edition (thermophysical and thermochemical data)

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Gas phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Ion clustering data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
GT - Glushko Thermocenter, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

Gas Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)

C_p° = A + B*t + C*t² + D*t³ + E/t²
H° − H°_298.15= A*t + B*t²/2 + C*t³/3 + D*t⁴/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t²/2 + D*t³/3 − E/(2*t²) + G
    C_p = heat capacity (J/mol*K)
    H° = standard enthalpy (kJ/mol)
    S° = standard entropy (J/mol*K)
    t = temperature (K) / 1000.

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Ion clustering data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
RCD - Robert C. Dunbar
B - John E. Bartmess

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. Searches may be limited to ion clustering reactions. A general reaction search form is also available.

Clustering reactions

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Ag⁺ + C₂H₄ = (Ag⁺ • C₂H₄)

Free energy of reaction

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (Ag⁺ • C₂H₄) + C₂H₄ = (Ag⁺ • 2C₂H₄)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Al⁺ + C₂H₄ = (Al⁺ • C₂H₄)

C₂H₄⁺ +  = (C₂H₄⁺ • )

By formula: C₂H₄⁺ + C₂H₄ = (C₂H₄⁺ • C₂H₄)

(C₂H₄⁺ • ) +  = (C₂H₄⁺ • 2)

By formula: (C₂H₄⁺ • C₂H₄) + C₂H₄ = (C₂H₄⁺ • 2C₂H₄)

C₃H₅⁺ +  = (C₃H₅⁺ • )

By formula: C₃H₅⁺ + C₂H₄ = (C₃H₅⁺ • C₂H₄)

C₃H₉Si⁺ +  = (C₃H₉Si⁺ • )

By formula: C₃H₉Si⁺ + C₂H₄ = (C₃H₉Si⁺ • C₂H₄)

C₄H₇⁺ +  = (C₄H₇⁺ • )

By formula: C₄H₇⁺ + C₂H₄ = (C₄H₇⁺ • C₂H₄)

C₆HCrO₆⁺ +  = (C₆HCrO₆⁺ • )

By formula: C₆HCrO₆⁺ + C₂H₄ = (C₆HCrO₆⁺ • C₂H₄)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Co⁺ + C₂H₄ = (Co⁺ • C₂H₄)

Enthalpy of reaction

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (Co⁺ • C₂H₄) + C₂H₄ = (Co⁺ • 2C₂H₄)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Cr⁺ + C₂H₄ = (Cr⁺ • C₂H₄)

Enthalpy of reaction

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (Cr⁺ • C₂H₄) + C₂H₄ = (Cr⁺ • 2C₂H₄)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Cu⁺ + C₂H₄ = (Cu⁺ • C₂H₄)

Enthalpy of reaction

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (Cu⁺ • C₂H₄) + C₂H₄ = (Cu⁺ • 2C₂H₄)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: F^- + C₂H₄ = (F^- • C₂H₄)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Fe⁺ + C₂H₄ = (Fe⁺ • C₂H₄)

Enthalpy of reaction

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (Fe⁺ • C₂H₄) + C₂H₄ = (Fe⁺ • 2C₂H₄)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: H₄N⁺ + C₂H₄ = (H₄N⁺ • C₂H₄)

Free energy of reaction

 +  = ( • )

By formula: La⁺ + C₂H₄ = (La⁺ • C₂H₄)

Enthalpy of reaction

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Mn⁺ + C₂H₄ = (Mn⁺ • C₂H₄)

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (Mn⁺ • C₂H₄) + C₂H₄ = (Mn⁺ • 2C₂H₄)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Na⁺ + C₂H₄ = (Na⁺ • C₂H₄)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Ni⁺ + C₂H₄ = (Ni⁺ • C₂H₄)

Enthalpy of reaction

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (Ni⁺ • C₂H₄) + C₂H₄ = (Ni⁺ • 2C₂H₄)

Rh⁺ +  = (Rh⁺ • )

By formula: Rh⁺ + C₂H₄ = (Rh⁺ • C₂H₄)

Enthalpy of reaction

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Sc⁺ + C₂H₄ = (Sc⁺ • C₂H₄)

Enthalpy of reaction

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Ti⁺ + C₂H₄ = (Ti⁺ • C₂H₄)

Enthalpy of reaction

 +  = ( • )

By formula: V⁺ + C₂H₄ = (V⁺ • C₂H₄)

Enthalpy of reaction

( • ) +  = ( • 2)

By formula: (V⁺ • C₂H₄) + C₂H₄ = (V⁺ • 2C₂H₄)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Y⁺ + C₂H₄ = (Y⁺ • C₂H₄)

Enthalpy of reaction

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Ion clustering data, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Chase, 1998
Chase, M.W., Jr., NIST-JANAF Themochemical Tables, Fourth Edition, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Monograph 9, 1998, 1-1951. [all data]

Manion, 2002
Manion, J.A., Evaluated Enthalpies of Formation of the Stable Closed Shell C1 and C2 Chlorinated Hydrocarbons, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 2002, 31, 1, 123-172, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1420703 . [all data]

Gurvich, Veyts, et al., 1991
Thermodynamic Properties of Individual Substances, 4th edition, Volume 2, Gurvich, L.V.; Veyts, I.V.; Alcock, C.B.;, ed(s)., Hemisphere, New York, 1991. [all data]

Rossini and Knowlton, 1937
Rossini, F.d.; Knowlton, J.W., Calorimetric determination of the heats of combustion of ethylene and propylene, J. Res. NBS, 1937, 19, 249-262. [all data]

Cox and Pilcher, 1970
Cox, J.D.; Pilcher, G., Thermochemistry of Organic and Organometallic Compounds, Academic Press, New York, 1970, 1-636. [all data]

Thermodynamics Research Center, 1997
Thermodynamics Research Center, Selected Values of Properties of Chemical Compounds., Thermodynamics Research Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 1997. [all data]

Chao J., 1975
Chao J., Ideal gas thermodynamic properties of ethylene and propylene, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1975, 4, 251-261. [all data]

Gurvich, Veyts, et al., 1989
Gurvich, L.V.; Veyts, I.V.; Alcock, C.B., Thermodynamic Properties of Individual Substances, 4th ed.; Vols. 1 and 2, Hemisphere, New York, 1989. [all data]

East A.L.L., 1997
East A.L.L., Ab initio statistical thermodynamical models for the computation of third-law entropies, J. Chem. Phys., 1997, 106, 6655-6674. [all data]

Burcik E.J., 1941
Burcik E.J., The vibrational energy levels and specific heat of ethylene, J. Chem. Phys., 1941, 9, 118-119. [all data]

Haas M.E., 1932
Haas M.E., The heat capacity and free energy of formation of ethylene gas, J. Phys. Chem., 1932, 36, 2127-2132. [all data]

Eucken A., 1933
Eucken A., Molar heats and normal frequencies of ethane and ethylene, Z. Phys. Chem., 1933, B20, 184-194. [all data]

Guo and Castleman, 1991
Guo, B.C.; Castleman, A.W., The Bonding Strength of Ag+(C2H4) and Ag+(C2H4)2 Complexes, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1991, 181, 1, 16, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(91)90214-T . [all data]

Stockigt, Schwarz, et al., 1996
Stockigt, D.; Schwarz, J.; Schwarz, H., Theoretical and Experimental Studies on the Bond Dissociation Energies of Al(methane)+, Al(acetylene)+, Al(ethene)+, and Al(ethane)+, J. Phys. Chem., 1996, 100, 21, 8786, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp960060k . [all data]

Ono, Linn, et al., 1984
Ono, Y.; Linn, S.H.; Tzeng, W.-B.; Ng, C.Y., A Study of the Unimolecular Decomposition of the (C2H4)2+ Complex, J. Chem. Phys., 1984, 80, 4, 1482, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.446897 . [all data]

Ceyer, Tiedemann, et al., 1979
Ceyer, S.T.; Tiedemann, P.W.; Ng, C.Y.; Mahan, B.H.; Lee, Y.T., Photoionization of Ethylene Clusters, J. Chem. Phys., 1979, 70, 5, 2138, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.437758 . [all data]

Li and Stone, 1989
Li, X.; Stone, J.A., Determination of the beta silicon effect from a mass spectrometric study of the association of trimethylsilylium ion with alkenes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1989, 111, 15, 5586, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00197a013 . [all data]

Hop and McMahon, 1991
Hop, C.E.C.A.; McMahon, T.B., High Pressure Mass Spectrometric Observation of Metal Carbonyl Alkyl Adduct Ions of Novel Structure, Inorg. Chem., 1991, 30, 13, 2828, https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00013a025 . [all data]

Sievers, Jarvis, et al., 1998
Sievers, M.R.; Jarvis, L.M.; Armentrout, P.B., Transition Metal Ethene Bonds: Thermochemistry of M+(C2H4)n (M=Ti-Cu, n=1 and 2) Complexes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1998, 120, 8, 1891, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja973834z . [all data]

Armentrout and Kickel, 1994
Armentrout, P.B.; Kickel, B.L., Gas Phase Thermochemistry of Transition Metal Ligand Systems: Reassessment of Values and Periodic Trends, in Organometallic Ion Chemistry, B. S. Freiser, ed, 1994. [all data]

Haynes and Armentrout, 1994
Haynes, C.L.; Armentrout, P.B., Thermochemistry and Structures of CoC3H6+: Metallacyclic and Metal-Alkene Isomers, Organomettalics, 1994, 13, 9, 3480, https://doi.org/10.1021/om00021a022 . [all data]

Sullivan and Beauchamp, 1976
Sullivan, S.A.; Beauchamp, J.L., Competition between proton transfer and elimination in the reactions of strong bases with fluoroethanes in the gas phase. Influence of base strength on reactivity, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1976, 98, 1160. [all data]

Roy and McMahon, 1985
Roy, M.; McMahon, T.B., The Anomalous Gas Phase Acidity of Ethyl Fluoride. An ab initio Investigation of the Importance of Hydrogen Bonding between Fluoride and sp2 and sp C-H Bonds., Can. J. Chem., 1985, 63, 3, 708, https://doi.org/10.1139/v85-117 . [all data]

Deakyne and Meot-Ner (Mautner), 1985
Deakyne, C.A.; Meot-Ner (Mautner), M., Unconventional Ionic Hydrogen Bonds. 2. NH+ pi. Complexes of Onium Ions with Olefins and Benzene Derivatives, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1985, 107, 2, 474, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00288a034 . [all data]

Ranashinge and Freiser, 1992
Ranashinge, Y.A.; Freiser, B.S., Gas-Phase Photodissociation of MC2H2+ (M = Sc, Y, La). Determination of D0(M+ - C2H2), Chem. Phys. Let., 1992, 200, 1-2, 135, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(92)87058-W . [all data]

Armentrout and Rodgers, 2000
Armentrout, P.B.; Rodgers, M.T., An Absolute Sodium Cation Affinity Scale: Threshold Collision-Induced Dissociation Experiments and ab Initio Theory, J. Phys. Chem A, 2000, 104, 11, 2238, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp991716n . [all data]

Chen and Armetrout, 1995
Chen, Y.M.; Armetrout, P.B., Activation of C2H6, C3H8, and c-C3H6 by Gas-Phase Rh+ and the Thermochemistry of Rh-Ligand Complexes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1995, 117, 36, 9291, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00141a022 . [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Ion clustering data, References

• Symbols used in this document:
  

  Cp,gas	Constant pressure heat capacity of gas
  S°gas,1 bar	Entropy of gas at standard conditions (1 bar)
  T	Temperature
  ΔcH°gas	Enthalpy of combustion of gas at standard conditions
  ΔfH°gas	Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions
  ΔrG°	Free energy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔrH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔrS°	Entropy of reaction at standard conditions

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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