Ethane

• Formula: C₂H₆
• Molecular weight: 30.0690
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C2H6/c1-2/h1-2H3 Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 74-84-0
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
  The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
• Species with the same structure:
  • 1-Ethenyl-1-methyl-2,4-bis-(1-methylethenyl)-1S-1α,2β,4α-cyclohexane
• Isotopologues:
  • pentadeuteroethane
  • Ethane-d1
• Other names: Bimethyl; Dimethyl; Ethyl hydride; Methylmethane; C2H6; UN 1035; UN 1961
• Information on this page:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Condensed phase thermochemistry data
  • Phase change data
  • Reaction thermochemistry data
  • Ion clustering data
  • References
  • Notes
• Other data available:
  • Henry's Law data
  • Gas phase ion energetics data
  • IR Spectrum
  • Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
  • Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels
  • Fluid Properties
• Data at other public NIST sites:
  • Microwave spectra (on physics lab web site)
  • Electron-Impact Ionization Cross Sections (on physics web site)
  • Gas Phase Kinetics Database
  • Reference simulation
• Options:
  • Switch to SI units

Data at NIST subscription sites:

• NIST / TRC Web Thermo Tables, "lite" edition (thermophysical and thermochemical data)
• NIST / TRC Web Thermo Tables, professional edition (thermophysical and thermochemical data)

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Gas phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
GT - Glushko Thermocenter, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

Condensed phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Ion clustering data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid

Phase change data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Ion clustering data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos

Enthalpy of vaporization

Enthalpy of vaporization

Δ_vapH = A exp(-βT_r) (1 − T_r)^β
    Δ_vapH = Enthalpy of vaporization (at saturation pressure) (kcal/mol)
    T_r = reduced temperature (T / T_c)

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Entropy of vaporization

Antoine Equation Parameters

log₁₀(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (atm)
    T = temperature (K)

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Enthalpy of sublimation

Enthalpy of fusion

Entropy of fusion

Enthalpy of phase transition

Entropy of phase transition

Reaction thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
MS - José A. Martinho Simões
B - John E. Bartmess
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
RCD - Robert C. Dunbar

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Co⁺ + C₂H₆ = (Co⁺ • C₂H₆)

Enthalpy of reaction

( • ) +  = ( •  • )

By formula: (Co⁺ • CH₄) + C₂H₆ = (Co⁺ • C₂H₆ • CH₄)

Enthalpy of reaction

3 (g) +  (l) = AlH₃O₃ (amorphous) + 3 (g)

By formula: 3H₂O (g) + C₆H₁₅Al (l) = AlH₃O₃ (amorphous) + 3C₂H₆ (g)

C₂H₅^- +  =

By formula: C₂H₅^- + H⁺ = C₂H₆

( • ) +  = ( •  • )

By formula: (Co⁺ • C₂H₆) + CH₄ = (Co⁺ • CH₄ • C₂H₆)

Enthalpy of reaction

 (g) +  (cr) =  (g) +  (cr)

By formula: HBr (g) + C₂H₅Li (cr) = C₂H₆ (g) + BrLi (cr)

C₅O₅W (g) +  (g) = C₇H₆O₅W (g)

By formula: C₅O₅W (g) + C₂H₆ (g) = C₇H₆O₅W (g)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Fe⁺ + C₂H₆ = (Fe⁺ • C₂H₆)

Enthalpy of reaction

 + 2 =  + 2

By formula: C₂H₄Cl₂ + 2H₂ = C₂H₆ + 2HCl

2 +  =  + 2

By formula: 2H₂ + C₂H₄Cl₂ = C₂H₆ + 2HCl

2 +  =

By formula: 2H₂ + C₂H₂ = C₂H₆

 (l) + ( • 100) (solution) = 2 (g) + ( • 100) (solution)

By formula: C₄H₁₀Zn (l) + (H₂O₄S • 100H₂O) (solution) = 2C₂H₆ (g) + (O₄SZn • 100H₂O) (solution)

 +  =

By formula: H₂ + C₂H₄ = C₂H₆

2 (g) +  (l) = AlCl₃ (cr) + 2 (g)

By formula: 2HCl (g) + C₄H₁₀AlCl (l) = AlCl₃ (cr) + 2C₂H₆ (g)

C₂H₄⁺ +  = (C₂H₄⁺ • )

By formula: C₂H₄⁺ + C₂H₆ = (C₂H₄⁺ • C₂H₆)

2 +  =  + 

By formula: 2H₂ + C₂H₃Cl = C₂H₆ + HCl

 (g) + C₂H₅BrMg (solution) =  (solution) + Br₂Mg (solution)

By formula: HBr (g) + C₂H₅BrMg (solution) = C₂H₆ (solution) + Br₂Mg (solution)

( • 2) +  = ( • 3)

By formula: (Co⁺ • 2C₂H₆) + C₂H₆ = (Co⁺ • 3C₂H₆)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Al⁺ + C₂H₆ = (Al⁺ • C₂H₆)

2 +  =  + 

By formula: 2H₂ + C₂H₃Br = HBr + C₂H₆

 + 2 = 2 + 

By formula: H₂ + 2C₂H₅I = 2C₂H₆ + I₂

 +  =  + 

By formula: H₂ + C₂H₅Br = HBr + C₂H₆

 + 2 = 2 + 

By formula: H₂ + 2C₂H₅Br = 2C₂H₆ + Br₂

 +  =  + 

By formula: H₂ + C₂H₅Cl = C₂H₆ + HCl

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Ni⁺ + C₂H₆ = (Ni⁺ • C₂H₆)

Ion clustering data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
RCD - Robert C. Dunbar
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. Searches may be limited to ion clustering reactions. A general reaction search form is also available.

Clustering reactions

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Al⁺ + C₂H₆ = (Al⁺ • C₂H₆)

C₂H₄⁺ +  = (C₂H₄⁺ • )

By formula: C₂H₄⁺ + C₂H₆ = (C₂H₄⁺ • C₂H₆)

( • ) +  = ( •  • )

By formula: (Co⁺ • CH₄) + C₂H₆ = (Co⁺ • C₂H₆ • CH₄)

Enthalpy of reaction

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Co⁺ + C₂H₆ = (Co⁺ • C₂H₆)

Enthalpy of reaction

( • 2) +  = ( • 3)

By formula: (Co⁺ • 2C₂H₆) + C₂H₆ = (Co⁺ • 3C₂H₆)

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Fe⁺ + C₂H₆ = (Fe⁺ • C₂H₆)

Enthalpy of reaction

 +  = ( • )

By formula: Ni⁺ + C₂H₆ = (Ni⁺ • C₂H₆)

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Ion clustering data, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Manion, 2002
Manion, J.A., Evaluated Enthalpies of Formation of the Stable Closed Shell C1 and C2 Chlorinated Hydrocarbons, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 2002, 31, 1, 123-172, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1420703 . [all data]

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Pittam and Pilcher, 1972
Pittam, D.A.; Pilcher, G., Measurements of heats of combustion by flame calorimetry. Part 8.-Methane, ethane, propane, n-butane and 2-methylpropane, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 1, 1972, 68, 2224-2229. [all data]

Prosen and Rossini, 1945
Prosen, E.J.; Rossini, F.D., Heats of combustion and formation of the paraffin hydrocarbons at 25° C, J. Res. NBS, 1945, 263-267. [all data]

Rossini, 1934
Rossini, F.D., Calorimetric determination of the heats of combustion of ethane, propane, normal butane, and normal pentane, J. Res. NBS, 1934, 12, 735-750. [all data]

Gurvich, Veyts, et al., 1989
Gurvich, L.V.; Veyts, I.V.; Alcock, C.B., Thermodynamic Properties of Individual Substances, 4th ed.; Vols. 1 and 2, Hemisphere, New York, 1989. [all data]

Pitzer K.S., 1944
Pitzer K.S., Thermodynamics of gaseous paraffins. Specific heat and related properties, Ind. Eng. Chem., 1944, 36, 829-831. [all data]

Chao J., 1973
Chao J., Ideal gas thermodynamic properties of ethane and propane, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1973, 2, 427-438. [all data]

Pamidimukkala K.M., 1982
Pamidimukkala K.M., Ideal gas thermodynamic properties of CH3, CD3, CD4, C2D2, C2D4, C2D6, C2H6, CH3N2CH3, and CD3N2CD3, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1982, 11, 83-99. [all data]

Halford J.O., 1957
Halford J.O., Standard heat capacities of gaseous methanol, ethanol, methane and ethane at 279 K by thermal conductivity, J. Phys. Chem., 1957, 61, 1536-1539. [all data]

Eucken A., 1933
Eucken A., Molar heats and normal frequencies of ethane and ethylene, Z. Phys. Chem., 1933, B20, 184-194. [all data]

Kistiakowsky G.B., 1939
Kistiakowsky G.B., Gaseous heat capacities. I. The method and the heat capacities of C2H6 and C2D6, J. Chem. Phys., 1939, 7, 281-288. [all data]

Dailey B.P., 1943
Dailey B.P., The heat capacities at higher temperatures of ethane and propane, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1943, 65, 42-44. [all data]

Witt and Kemp, 1937
Witt, R.K.; Kemp, J.D., The heat capacity of ethane from 15°K to the boiling point. The heat of fusion and the heat of vaporization, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1937, 59, 273-276. [all data]

Atake and Chihara, 1976
Atake, T.; Chihara, H., Calorimetric study of the phase changes in solid ethane, Chem. Lett., 1976, (7), 683-688. [all data]

Roder, 1976
Roder, H.M., The heats of transition of solid ethane, J. Chem. Phys., 1976, 65, 1371-1373. [all data]

Roder, 1976, 2
Roder, H.M., Measurements of the specific heats, Ca, and Cv, of dense gaseous and liquid ethane, J. Res., 1976, NBS 80A, 739-759. [all data]

Wiebe, Hubbard, et al., 1930
Wiebe, R.; Hubbard, K.H.; Brevoort, M.J., The heat capacity of saturated liquid ethane from the boiling point to the critical temperature and heat fusion of the solid, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1930, 52, 611-622. [all data]

Streng, 1971
Streng, A.G., Miscibility and Compatibility of Some Liquid and Solidified Gases at Low Temperature, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1971, 16, 357. [all data]

Timmermans, 1935
Timmermans, J., Researches in Stoichiometry. I. The Heat of Fusion of Organic Compounds., Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg., 1935, 44, 17-40. [all data]

Younglove and Ely, 1987
Younglove, B.A.; Ely, J.F., Thermophysical Properties of Fluids II. Methane, Ethane, Propane, Isobutane, and Normal Butane, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1987, 16, 577. [all data]

Majer and Svoboda, 1985
Majer, V.; Svoboda, V., Enthalpies of Vaporization of Organic Compounds: A Critical Review and Data Compilation, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1985, 300. [all data]

Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw, Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2 . [all data]

Carruth and Kobayashi, 1973
Carruth, Grant F.; Kobayashi, Riki, Vapor pressure of normal paraffins ethane through n-decane from their triple points to about 10 mm mercury, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1973, 18, 2, 115-126, https://doi.org/10.1021/je60057a009 . [all data]

Reid, 1972
Reid, Robert C., Handbook on vapor pressure and heats of vaporization of hydrocarbons and related compounds, R. C. Wilhort and B. J. Zwolinski, Texas A Research Foundation. College Station, Texas(1971). 329 pages.$10.00, AIChE J., 1972, 18, 6, 1278-1278, https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180637 . [all data]

Loomis and Walters, 1926
Loomis, A.G.; Walters, J.E., THE VAPOR PRESSURE OF ETHANE NEAR THE NORMAL BOILING POINT ¹, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1926, 48, 8, 2051-2055, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01419a006 . [all data]

Regnier, 1972
Regnier, J., J. Chim. Phys. Phys.-Chim. Biol., 1972, 69, 6, 942. [all data]

Bondi, 1963
Bondi, A., Heat of Siblimation of Molecular Crystals: A Catalog of Molecular Structure Increments., J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1963, 8, 3, 371-381, https://doi.org/10.1021/je60018a027 . [all data]

Domalski and Hearing, 1996
Domalski, Eugene S.; Hearing, Elizabeth D., Heat Capacities and Entropies of Organic Compounds in the Condensed Phase. Volume III, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1996, 25, 1, 1, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.555985 . [all data]

Kemper, Bushnell, et al., 1993
Kemper, P.R.; Bushnell, J.; Von Koppen, P.; Bowers, M.T., Binding Energies of Co+(H2/CH4/C2H6)1,2,3 Clusters, J. Phys. Chem., 1993, 97, 9, 1810, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100111a016 . [all data]

Armentrout and Kickel, 1994
Armentrout, P.B.; Kickel, B.L., Gas Phase Thermochemistry of Transition Metal Ligand Systems: Reassessment of Values and Periodic Trends, in Organometallic Ion Chemistry, B. S. Freiser, ed, 1994. [all data]

Fowell, 1961
Fowell, P.A., Ph. D. Thesis, University of Manchester, 1961. [all data]

Cox and Pilcher, 1970
Cox, J.D.; Pilcher, G., Thermochemistry of Organic and Organometallic Compounds in Academic Press, New York, 1970. [all data]

Smith, 1967
Smith, M.B., J. Phys. Chem., 1967, 71, 364. [all data]

DePuy, Gronert, et al., 1989
DePuy, C.H.; Gronert, S.; Barlow, S.E.; Bierbaum, V.M.; Damrauer, R., The Gas Phase Acidities of the Alkanes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1989, 111, 6, 1968, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00188a003 . [all data]

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DePuy, C.H.; Bierbaum, V.M.; Damrauer, R., Relative Gas-Phase Acidities of the Alkanes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1984, 106, 4051. [all data]

Holm, 1974
Holm, T., J. Organometal. Chem., 1974, 77, 27. [all data]

Pedley and Rylance, 1977
Pedley, J.B.; Rylance, J., Computer Analysed Thermochemical Data: Organic and Organometallic Compounds, University of Sussex, Brigton, 1977. [all data]

Liebman, Martinho Simões, et al., 1995
Liebman, J.F.; Martinho Simões, J.A.; Slayden, S.W., In Lithium Chemistry: A Theoretical and Experimental Overview Wiley: New York, Sapse, A.-M.; Schleyer, P. von Ragué, ed(s)., 1995. [all data]

Brown, Ishikawa, et al., 1990
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Ishikawa, Brown, et al., 1988
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Carpenter, C.J.; van Koppen, P.A.M.; Bowers, M.T., Details of Potential Energy Surfaces Involving C-C Bond Activation: Reactions of Fe+, Co+ and Ni+ with Acetone, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1995, 117, 44, 10976, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00149a021 . [all data]

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Lacher, J.R.; Amador, A.; Park, J.D., Reaction heats of organic compounds. Part 5.-Heats of hydrogenation of dichloromethane, 1,1- and 1,2-dichloroethane and 1,2-dichloropropane, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1967, 63, 1608-1611. [all data]

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Cox, J.D.; Pilcher, G., Thermochemistry of Organic and Organometallic Compounds, Academic Press, New York, 1970, 1-636. [all data]

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Carson, A.S.; Hartley, K.; Skinner, H.A., Thermochemistry of metal alkyls. Part II.?The bond dissociation energies of some Zn?C and Cd?C bonds, and of Et?I., Trans. Faraday Soc., 1949, 45, 1159, https://doi.org/10.1039/tf9494501159 . [all data]

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Hiraoka, K.; Kebarle, P., Ion Molecule Reactions in Ethane. Thermochemistry and Structures of the Intermediate Complexes: C4H11+ and C4H10+ Formed in the Reactions of C2H5+ and C2H4+ with C2H6, Can. J. Chem., 1980, 58, 21, 2262, https://doi.org/10.1139/v80-364 . [all data]

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Holm, T., J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. II, 1981, 464.. [all data]

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Stockigt, D.; Schwarz, J.; Schwarz, H., Theoretical and Experimental Studies on the Bond Dissociation Energies of Al(methane)+, Al(acetylene)+, Al(ethene)+, and Al(ethane)+, J. Phys. Chem., 1996, 100, 21, 8786, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp960060k . [all data]

Lacher, Kianpour, et al., 1957
Lacher, J.R.; Kianpour, A.; Montgomery, P.; Knedler, H.; Park, J.D., Reaction heats of organic halogen compounds. IX. The catalytic hydrogenation of vinyl and perfluorovinyl bromide, J. Phys. Chem., 1957, 61, 1125-1126. [all data]

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Ashcroft, S.J.; Carson, A.S.; Carter, W.; Laye, P.G., Thermochemistry of reductions caused by lithium aluminium hydride. Part 3.- The C-halogen bond dissociation energies in ethyl iodine and ethyl bromide, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1965, 61, 225-229. [all data]

Fowell, Lacher, et al., 1965
Fowell, P.; Lacher, J.R.; Park, J.D., Reaction heats of organic compounds. Part 3.-Heats of hydrogenation of methyl bromide and ethyl bromide, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1965, 61, 1324-1327. [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Ion clustering data, References

• Symbols used in this document:
  

  Cp,gas	Constant pressure heat capacity of gas
  Cp,liquid	Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid
  Pc	Critical pressure
  Ptriple	Triple point pressure
  S°liquid	Entropy of liquid at standard conditions
  T	Temperature
  Tboil	Boiling point
  Tc	Critical temperature
  Tfus	Fusion (melting) point
  Ttriple	Triple point temperature
  Vc	Critical volume
  ΔHtrs	Enthalpy of phase transition
  ΔStrs	Entropy of phase transition
  ΔcH°gas	Enthalpy of combustion of gas at standard conditions
  ΔfH°gas	Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions
  ΔfusH	Enthalpy of fusion
  ΔfusS	Entropy of fusion
  ΔrG°	Free energy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔrH°	Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔrS°	Entropy of reaction at standard conditions
  ΔsubH	Enthalpy of sublimation
  ΔvapH	Enthalpy of vaporization
  ΔvapH°	Enthalpy of vaporization at standard conditions
  ΔvapS	Entropy of vaporization
  ρc	Critical density

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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