carbon

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Gas phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfgas716.68 ± 0.45kJ/molReviewCox, Wagman, et al., 1984CODATA Review value
Δfgas716.67kJ/molReviewChase, 1998Data last reviewed in March, 1983
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
gas,1 bar158.100 ± 0.003J/mol*KReviewCox, Wagman, et al., 1984CODATA Review value
gas,1 bar158.10J/mol*KReviewChase, 1998Data last reviewed in March, 1983

Gas Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)

Cp° = A + B*t + C*t2 + D*t3 + E/t2
H° − H°298.15= A*t + B*t2/2 + C*t3/3 + D*t4/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t2/2 + D*t3/3 − E/(2*t2) + G
    Cp = heat capacity (J/mol*K)
    H° = standard enthalpy (kJ/mol)
    S° = standard entropy (J/mol*K)
    t = temperature (K) / 1000.

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Temperature (K) 298. to 6000.
A 21.17510
B -0.812428
C 0.448537
D -0.043256
E -0.013103
F 710.3470
G 183.8734
H 716.6690
ReferenceChase, 1998
Comment Data last reviewed in March, 1983

Reaction thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
B - John E. Bartmess
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

(Carbon cation • 8carbon) + carbon = (Carbon cation • 9carbon)

By formula: (C+ • 8C) + C = (C+ • 9C)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr703.kJ/molMSPargellis, 1990gas phase; equilibrium cluster distributions from sputtering; M
Δr745. ± 96.kJ/molMIKESRadi, Rincon, et al., 1989gas phase; M

(Carbon cation • 6carbon) + carbon = (Carbon cation • 7carbon)

By formula: (C+ • 6C) + C = (C+ • 7C)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr649.kJ/molMSPargellis, 1990gas phase; equilibrium cluster distributions from sputtering; M
Δr523.kJ/molMIKESRadi, Rincon, et al., 1989gas phase; M

(C4- • 4294967295carbon) + carbon = C4-

By formula: (C4- • 4294967295C) + C = C4-

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr676. ± 15.kJ/molN/AArnold, Bradforth, et al., 1991gas phase; Linear structure for both anion and neutral. Bound state 37.063 kcal/mol up: Zhao, de Beer, et al., 1996; B

4sodium + Ethene, chlorotrifluoro- = 2carbon + sodium chloride + 3sodium fluoride

By formula: 4Na + C2ClF3 = 2C + ClNa + 3FNa

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-1576.1 ± 5.4kJ/molCmKolesov, Zenkov, et al., 1963gas phase; Reanalyzed by Cox and Pilcher, 1970, Original value = -1543. ± 5.4 kJ/mol; ALS

(C6- • 4294967295carbon) + carbon = C6-

By formula: (C6- • 4294967295C) + C = C6-

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-59. ± 24.kJ/molN/AArnold, Zhao, et al., 1992gas phase; There is a bound state at 47.107 kcal/mol up; Zhao, de Beer, et al., 1996; B

(C7- • 4294967295carbon) + carbon = C7-

By formula: (C7- • 4294967295C) + C = C7-

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr478. ± 31.kJ/molN/AArnold, Bradforth, et al., 1991gas phase; Linear structure for both neutral and anion; B

(C3- • 4294967295carbon) + carbon = C3-

By formula: (C3- • 4294967295C) + C = C3-

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr66.5 ± 8.4kJ/molN/AArnold, Bradforth, et al., 1991gas phase; Linear structure for both neutral and anion; B

(Carbon cation • carbon) + carbon = (Carbon cation • 2carbon)

By formula: (C+ • C) + C = (C+ • 2C)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr774. ± 67.kJ/molMSPargellis, 1990gas phase; equilibrium cluster distributions from sputtering; M

(Carbon anion • 2carbon) + carbon = (Carbon anion • 3carbon)

By formula: (C- • 2C) + C = (C- • 3C)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr703. ± 8.kJ/molMSPargellis, 1990gas phase; equilibrium cluster distributions from sputtering; M

(Carbon anion • 3carbon) + carbon = (Carbon anion • 4carbon)

By formula: (C- • 3C) + C = (C- • 4C)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr630. ± 20.kJ/molMSPargellis, 1990gas phase; equilibrium cluster distributions from sputtering; M

(Carbon anion • carbon) + carbon = (Carbon anion • 2carbon)

By formula: (C- • C) + C = (C- • 2C)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr628. ± 8.kJ/molMSPargellis, 1990gas phase; equilibrium cluster distributions from sputtering; M

(Carbon cation • 2carbon) + carbon = (Carbon cation • 3carbon)

By formula: (C+ • 2C) + C = (C+ • 3C)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr598.kJ/molMSPargellis, 1990gas phase; equilibrium cluster distributions from sputtering; M

(Carbon cation • 3carbon) + carbon = (Carbon cation • 4carbon)

By formula: (C+ • 3C) + C = (C+ • 4C)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr695.kJ/molMSPargellis, 1990gas phase; equilibrium cluster distributions from sputtering; M

(Carbon cation • 4carbon) + carbon = (Carbon cation • 5carbon)

By formula: (C+ • 4C) + C = (C+ • 5C)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr628.kJ/molMSPargellis, 1990gas phase; equilibrium cluster distributions from sputtering; M

(Carbon cation • 5carbon) + carbon = (Carbon cation • 6carbon)

By formula: (C+ • 5C) + C = (C+ • 6C)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr745.kJ/molMSPargellis, 1990gas phase; equilibrium cluster distributions from sputtering; M

(Carbon cation • 7carbon) + carbon = (Carbon cation • 8carbon)

By formula: (C+ • 7C) + C = (C+ • 8C)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr753.kJ/molMSPargellis, 1990gas phase; equilibrium cluster distributions from sputtering; M

(Carbon anion • 4carbon) + carbon = (Carbon anion • 5carbon)

By formula: (C- • 4C) + C = (C- • 5C)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr715.kJ/molMSPargellis, 1990gas phase; equilibrium cluster distributions from sputtering; M

(Carbon anion • 5carbon) + carbon = (Carbon anion • 6carbon)

By formula: (C- • 5C) + C = (C- • 6C)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr649.kJ/molMSPargellis, 1990gas phase; equilibrium cluster distributions from sputtering; M

(Carbon anion • 6carbon) + carbon = (Carbon anion • 7carbon)

By formula: (C- • 6C) + C = (C- • 7C)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr686.kJ/molMSPargellis, 1990gas phase; equilibrium cluster distributions from sputtering; M

(Carbon anion • 7carbon) + carbon = (Carbon anion • 8carbon)

By formula: (C- • 7C) + C = (C- • 8C)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr657.kJ/molMSPargellis, 1990gas phase; equilibrium cluster distributions from sputtering; M

(Carbon anion • 8carbon) + carbon = (Carbon anion • 9carbon)

By formula: (C- • 8C) + C = (C- • 9C)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr665.kJ/molMSPargellis, 1990gas phase; equilibrium cluster distributions from sputtering; M

Cyclobutane, octafluoro- + 4sodium = 4carbon + 8sodium fluoride

By formula: C4F8 + 4Na = 4C + 8FNa

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-2989. ± 9.2kJ/molCcbKolesov, Talakin, et al., 1968gas phase; Correction of Kolesov, Talakin, et al., 1964; ALS

Carbon cation + carbon = (Carbon cation • carbon)

By formula: C+ + C = (C+ • C)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr619. ± 50.kJ/molMSPargellis, 1990gas phase; equilibrium cluster distributions from sputtering; M

Carbon anion + carbon = (Carbon anion • carbon)

By formula: C- + C = (C- • C)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr812. ± 8.kJ/molMSPargellis, 1990gas phase; equilibrium cluster distributions from sputtering; M

(Carbon cation • 6carbon) + Tricarbon = (Carbon cation • Tricarbon • 6carbon)

By formula: (C+ • 6C) + C3 = (C+ • C3 • 6C)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr695. ± 96.kJ/molMIKESRadi, Rincon, et al., 1989gas phase; M

(Carbon cation • 7carbon) + Tricarbon = (Carbon cation • Tricarbon • 7carbon)

By formula: (C+ • 7C) + C3 = (C+ • C3 • 7C)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr724. ± 96.kJ/molMIKESRadi, Rincon, et al., 1989gas phase; M

(Methylidyne anion • 4294967295carbon) + carbon = Methylidyne anion

By formula: (CH- • 4294967295C) + C = CH-

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr385.7 ± 1.0kJ/molTherKasdan, Herbst, et al., 1975gas phase; B

(Carbon cation • 2carbon) + Dicarbon = (Carbon cation • Dicarbon • 2carbon)

By formula: (C+ • 2C) + C2 = (C+ • C2 • 2C)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr745.kJ/molMIKESRadi, Rincon, et al., 1989gas phase; M

(Carbon cation • 2carbon) + Tricarbon = (Carbon cation • Tricarbon • 2carbon)

By formula: (C+ • 2C) + C3 = (C+ • C3 • 2C)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr531.kJ/molMIKESRadi, Rincon, et al., 1989gas phase; M

(Carbon cation • 3carbon) + Tricarbon = (Carbon cation • Tricarbon • 3carbon)

By formula: (C+ • 3C) + C3 = (C+ • C3 • 3C)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr502.kJ/molMIKESRadi, Rincon, et al., 1989gas phase; M

(Carbon cation • 4carbon) + Tricarbon = (Carbon cation • Tricarbon • 4carbon)

By formula: (C+ • 4C) + C3 = (C+ • C3 • 4C)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr502.kJ/molMIKESRadi, Rincon, et al., 1989gas phase; M

(Carbon cation • 5carbon) + Tricarbon = (Carbon cation • Tricarbon • 5carbon)

By formula: (C+ • 5C) + C3 = (C+ • C3 • 5C)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr510.kJ/molMIKESRadi, Rincon, et al., 1989gas phase; M

(CAS Reg. No. 146831-35-8 • 4294967295carbon) + carbon = CAS Reg. No. 146831-35-8

By formula: (CAS Reg. No. 146831-35-8 • 4294967295C) + C = CAS Reg. No. 146831-35-8

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr587. ± 21.kJ/molN/AKitsopoulos, Chick, et al., 1991gas phase; B

(Carbon cation • 9carbon) + carbon = (Carbon cation • 10carbon)

By formula: (C+ • 9C) + C = (C+ • 10C)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr732. ± 96.kJ/molMIKESRadi, Rincon, et al., 1989gas phase; M

Ethene, tetrafluoro- + 2Hydrogen = 2carbon + 4hydrogen fluoride

By formula: C2F4 + 2H2 = 2C + 4HF

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-618.4 ± 4.6kJ/molChydNeugebauer and Margrave, 1956gas phase; ALS

4sodium + Tetrafluoromethane = carbon + 4sodium fluoride

By formula: 4Na + CF4 = C + 4FNa

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-1362. ± 9.2kJ/molCcbVorob'ev and Skuratov, 1960gas phase; ALS

8sodium + Perfluoropropane = 3carbon + 8sodium fluoride

By formula: 8Na + C3F8 = 3C + 8FNa

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-2761. ± 7.1kJ/molCcbKolesov, Talakin, et al., 1967gas phase; ALS

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Cox, Wagman, et al., 1984
Cox, J.D.; Wagman, D.D.; Medvedev, V.A., CODATA Key Values for Thermodynamics, Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, 1984, 1. [all data]

Chase, 1998
Chase, M.W., Jr., NIST-JANAF Themochemical Tables, Fourth Edition, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Monograph 9, 1998, 1-1951. [all data]

Pargellis, 1990
Pargellis, A.N., Estimating Carbon Cluster Binding Energies from Measured Cn Distributions, n <= 10, J. Chem. Phys., 1990, 93, 3, 2099, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.459035 . [all data]

Radi, Rincon, et al., 1989
Radi, P.P.; Rincon, M.E.; Hsu, M.T.; Brodbelt-Lustig, J.; Kemper, P.; Bowers, M.T., Structure, Reactivity and Energetics of Covalently Bound Carbon Cluster Ions, C5+ to C11+: Experiment and Theory, J. Phys. Chem., 1989, 93, 16, 6187, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100353a045 . [all data]

Arnold, Bradforth, et al., 1991
Arnold, D.W.; Bradforth, S.E.; Kitsopoulos, T.N.; Neumark, D.M., Vibrationally Resolved Spectra of C2-C11 by Anion Photoelectron Spectroscopy, J. Chem. Phys., 1991, 95, 12, 8753, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.461211 . [all data]

Zhao, de Beer, et al., 1996
Zhao, Y.; de Beer, E.; Xu, C.; Taylor, T.; Neumark, D.M., Spectroscopy and Electron Detachment Dynamics of C4-, C6- and C8-, J. Chem. Phys., 1996, 105, 12, 4905, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.472341 . [all data]

Kolesov, Zenkov, et al., 1963
Kolesov, V.P.; Zenkov, I.D.; Skuratov, S.M., Standard enthalpy of formation of chlorotrifluoroethylene, Russ. J. Phys. Chem. (Engl. Transl.), 1963, 37, 115-116. [all data]

Cox and Pilcher, 1970
Cox, J.D.; Pilcher, G., Thermochemistry of Organic and Organometallic Compounds, Academic Press, New York, 1970, 1-636. [all data]

Arnold, Zhao, et al., 1992
Arnold, C.C.; Zhao, Y.X.; Kitsopoulos, T.N.; Neumark, D.M., Study of C6(-) and C6 with Threshold Photodetachment Spectroscopy and Autodetachment Spectroscopy, J. Chem. Phys., 1992, 97, 9, 6121, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.463722 . [all data]

Kolesov, Talakin, et al., 1968
Kolesov, V.P.; Talakin, O.G.; Skuratov, S.M., Enthalpy of formation of some specimens of amorphous carbon, Russ. J. Phys. Chem. (Engl. Transl.), 1968, 42, 1218-1220. [all data]

Kolesov, Talakin, et al., 1964
Kolesov, V.P.; Talakin, O.G.; Skuratov, S.M., Standard enthalpy of formation of perfluorocyclobutane, Russ. J. Phys. Chem. (Engl. Transl.), 1964, 38, 930-931. [all data]

Kasdan, Herbst, et al., 1975
Kasdan, A.; Herbst, E.; Lineberger, W.C., Laser photoelectron spectrometry of CH2-, Chem. Phys. Lett., 1975, 31, 78. [all data]

Kitsopoulos, Chick, et al., 1991
Kitsopoulos, T.N.; Chick, C.J.; Zhao, Y.; Neumark, D.M., Threshold Photodetachment Spectroscopy of C-5(-), J. Chem. Phys., 1991, 95, 7, 5479, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.461664 . [all data]

Neugebauer and Margrave, 1956
Neugebauer, C.A.; Margrave, J.L., The heats of formation of tetrafluoroethylene, tetrafluoromethane and 1,1-difluoroethylene, J. Phys. Chem., 1956, 60, 1318-1321. [all data]

Vorob'ev and Skuratov, 1960
Vorob'ev, A.F.; Skuratov, S.M., Standard enthalpies of formation of CF4, Zh. Neorg. Khim., 1960, 5, 1398-1401. [all data]

Kolesov, Talakin, et al., 1967
Kolesov, V.P.; Talakin, O.G.; Skuratov, S.M., Standard enthalpy of formation of perfluoropropane and enthalpies of formation of normal perfluoroalkanes, Vestn. Mosk. Univ. Khim., 1967, 22, 38-42. [all data]


Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, References