carbon
- Formula: C
- Molecular weight: 12.0107
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 7440-44-0
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file - Species with the same structure:
- Other names: activated carbon
- Information on this page:
- Other data available:
- Data at other public NIST sites:
- NIST Atomic Spectra Database - Lines Holdings (on physics web site)
- NIST Atomic Spectra Database - Levels Holdings (on physics web site)
- NIST Atomic Spectra Database - Ground states and ionization energies (on physics web site)
- Electron-Impact Ionization Cross Sections (on physics web site)
- Gas Phase Kinetics Database
- X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Database, version 5.0
- X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Database, version 5.0
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Gas phase thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Reaction thermochemistry data, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔfH°gas | 716.68 ± 0.45 | kJ/mol | Review | Cox, Wagman, et al., 1984 | CODATA Review value |
ΔfH°gas | 716.67 | kJ/mol | Review | Chase, 1998 | Data last reviewed in March, 1983 |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
S°gas,1 bar | 158.100 ± 0.003 | J/mol*K | Review | Cox, Wagman, et al., 1984 | CODATA Review value |
S°gas,1 bar | 158.10 | J/mol*K | Review | Chase, 1998 | Data last reviewed in March, 1983 |
Gas Phase Heat Capacity (Shomate Equation)
Cp° = A + B*t + C*t2 + D*t3 +
E/t2
H° − H°298.15= A*t + B*t2/2 +
C*t3/3 + D*t4/4 − E/t + F − H
S° = A*ln(t) + B*t + C*t2/2 + D*t3/3 −
E/(2*t2) + G
Cp = heat capacity (J/mol*K)
H° = standard enthalpy (kJ/mol)
S° = standard entropy (J/mol*K)
t = temperature (K) / 1000.
View plot Requires a JavaScript / HTML 5 canvas capable browser.
Temperature (K) | 298. to 6000. |
---|---|
A | 21.17510 |
B | -0.812428 |
C | 0.448537 |
D | -0.043256 |
E | -0.013103 |
F | 710.3470 |
G | 183.8734 |
H | 716.6690 |
Reference | Chase, 1998 |
Comment | Data last reviewed in March, 1983 |
Reaction thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias
B - John E. Bartmess
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.
Individual Reactions
By formula: (C+ • 8C) + C = (C+ • 9C)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 703. | kJ/mol | MS | Pargellis, 1990 | gas phase; equilibrium cluster distributions from sputtering; M |
ΔrH° | 745. ± 96. | kJ/mol | MIKES | Radi, Rincon, et al., 1989 | gas phase; M |
By formula: (C+ • 6C) + C = (C+ • 7C)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 649. | kJ/mol | MS | Pargellis, 1990 | gas phase; equilibrium cluster distributions from sputtering; M |
ΔrH° | 523. | kJ/mol | MIKES | Radi, Rincon, et al., 1989 | gas phase; M |
By formula: (C4- • 4294967295C) + C = C4-
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 676. ± 15. | kJ/mol | N/A | Arnold, Bradforth, et al., 1991 | gas phase; Linear structure for both anion and neutral. Bound state 37.063 kcal/mol up: Zhao, de Beer, et al., 1996; B |
By formula: 4Na + C2ClF3 = 2C + ClNa + 3FNa
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -1576.1 ± 5.4 | kJ/mol | Cm | Kolesov, Zenkov, et al., 1963 | gas phase; Reanalyzed by Cox and Pilcher, 1970, Original value = -1543. ± 5.4 kJ/mol; ALS |
By formula: (C6- • 4294967295C) + C = C6-
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -59. ± 24. | kJ/mol | N/A | Arnold, Zhao, et al., 1992 | gas phase; There is a bound state at 47.107 kcal/mol up; Zhao, de Beer, et al., 1996; B |
By formula: (C7- • 4294967295C) + C = C7-
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 478. ± 31. | kJ/mol | N/A | Arnold, Bradforth, et al., 1991 | gas phase; Linear structure for both neutral and anion; B |
By formula: (C3- • 4294967295C) + C = C3-
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 66.5 ± 8.4 | kJ/mol | N/A | Arnold, Bradforth, et al., 1991 | gas phase; Linear structure for both neutral and anion; B |
By formula: (C+ • C) + C = (C+ • 2C)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 774. ± 67. | kJ/mol | MS | Pargellis, 1990 | gas phase; equilibrium cluster distributions from sputtering; M |
By formula: (C- • 2C) + C = (C- • 3C)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 703. ± 8. | kJ/mol | MS | Pargellis, 1990 | gas phase; equilibrium cluster distributions from sputtering; M |
By formula: (C- • 3C) + C = (C- • 4C)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 630. ± 20. | kJ/mol | MS | Pargellis, 1990 | gas phase; equilibrium cluster distributions from sputtering; M |
By formula: (C- • C) + C = (C- • 2C)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 628. ± 8. | kJ/mol | MS | Pargellis, 1990 | gas phase; equilibrium cluster distributions from sputtering; M |
By formula: (C+ • 2C) + C = (C+ • 3C)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 598. | kJ/mol | MS | Pargellis, 1990 | gas phase; equilibrium cluster distributions from sputtering; M |
By formula: (C+ • 3C) + C = (C+ • 4C)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 695. | kJ/mol | MS | Pargellis, 1990 | gas phase; equilibrium cluster distributions from sputtering; M |
By formula: (C+ • 4C) + C = (C+ • 5C)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 628. | kJ/mol | MS | Pargellis, 1990 | gas phase; equilibrium cluster distributions from sputtering; M |
By formula: (C+ • 5C) + C = (C+ • 6C)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 745. | kJ/mol | MS | Pargellis, 1990 | gas phase; equilibrium cluster distributions from sputtering; M |
By formula: (C+ • 7C) + C = (C+ • 8C)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 753. | kJ/mol | MS | Pargellis, 1990 | gas phase; equilibrium cluster distributions from sputtering; M |
By formula: (C- • 4C) + C = (C- • 5C)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 715. | kJ/mol | MS | Pargellis, 1990 | gas phase; equilibrium cluster distributions from sputtering; M |
By formula: (C- • 5C) + C = (C- • 6C)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 649. | kJ/mol | MS | Pargellis, 1990 | gas phase; equilibrium cluster distributions from sputtering; M |
By formula: (C- • 6C) + C = (C- • 7C)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 686. | kJ/mol | MS | Pargellis, 1990 | gas phase; equilibrium cluster distributions from sputtering; M |
By formula: (C- • 7C) + C = (C- • 8C)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 657. | kJ/mol | MS | Pargellis, 1990 | gas phase; equilibrium cluster distributions from sputtering; M |
By formula: (C- • 8C) + C = (C- • 9C)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 665. | kJ/mol | MS | Pargellis, 1990 | gas phase; equilibrium cluster distributions from sputtering; M |
By formula: C4F8 + 4Na = 4C + 8FNa
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -2989. ± 9.2 | kJ/mol | Ccb | Kolesov, Talakin, et al., 1968 | gas phase; Correction of Kolesov, Talakin, et al., 1964; ALS |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 619. ± 50. | kJ/mol | MS | Pargellis, 1990 | gas phase; equilibrium cluster distributions from sputtering; M |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 812. ± 8. | kJ/mol | MS | Pargellis, 1990 | gas phase; equilibrium cluster distributions from sputtering; M |
By formula: (C+ • 6C) + C3 = (C+ • C3 • 6C)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 695. ± 96. | kJ/mol | MIKES | Radi, Rincon, et al., 1989 | gas phase; M |
By formula: (C+ • 7C) + C3 = (C+ • C3 • 7C)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 724. ± 96. | kJ/mol | MIKES | Radi, Rincon, et al., 1989 | gas phase; M |
By formula: (CH- • 4294967295C) + C = CH-
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 385.7 ± 1.0 | kJ/mol | Ther | Kasdan, Herbst, et al., 1975 | gas phase; B |
By formula: (C+ • 2C) + C2 = (C+ • C2 • 2C)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 745. | kJ/mol | MIKES | Radi, Rincon, et al., 1989 | gas phase; M |
By formula: (C+ • 2C) + C3 = (C+ • C3 • 2C)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 531. | kJ/mol | MIKES | Radi, Rincon, et al., 1989 | gas phase; M |
By formula: (C+ • 3C) + C3 = (C+ • C3 • 3C)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 502. | kJ/mol | MIKES | Radi, Rincon, et al., 1989 | gas phase; M |
By formula: (C+ • 4C) + C3 = (C+ • C3 • 4C)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 502. | kJ/mol | MIKES | Radi, Rincon, et al., 1989 | gas phase; M |
By formula: (C+ • 5C) + C3 = (C+ • C3 • 5C)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 510. | kJ/mol | MIKES | Radi, Rincon, et al., 1989 | gas phase; M |
(CAS Reg. No. 146831-35-8 • 4294967295) + = CAS Reg. No. 146831-35-8
By formula: (CAS Reg. No. 146831-35-8 • 4294967295C) + C = CAS Reg. No. 146831-35-8
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 587. ± 21. | kJ/mol | N/A | Kitsopoulos, Chick, et al., 1991 | gas phase; B |
By formula: (C+ • 9C) + C = (C+ • 10C)
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | 732. ± 96. | kJ/mol | MIKES | Radi, Rincon, et al., 1989 | gas phase; M |
By formula: C2F4 + 2H2 = 2C + 4HF
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -618.4 ± 4.6 | kJ/mol | Chyd | Neugebauer and Margrave, 1956 | gas phase; ALS |
By formula: 4Na + CF4 = C + 4FNa
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -1362. ± 9.2 | kJ/mol | Ccb | Vorob'ev and Skuratov, 1960 | gas phase; ALS |
By formula: 8Na + C3F8 = 3C + 8FNa
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -2761. ± 7.1 | kJ/mol | Ccb | Kolesov, Talakin, et al., 1967 | gas phase; ALS |
References
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Cox, Wagman, et al., 1984
Cox, J.D.; Wagman, D.D.; Medvedev, V.A.,
CODATA Key Values for Thermodynamics, Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, 1984, 1. [all data]
Chase, 1998
Chase, M.W., Jr.,
NIST-JANAF Themochemical Tables, Fourth Edition,
J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Monograph 9, 1998, 1-1951. [all data]
Pargellis, 1990
Pargellis, A.N.,
Estimating Carbon Cluster Binding Energies from Measured Cn Distributions, n <= 10,
J. Chem. Phys., 1990, 93, 3, 2099, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.459035
. [all data]
Radi, Rincon, et al., 1989
Radi, P.P.; Rincon, M.E.; Hsu, M.T.; Brodbelt-Lustig, J.; Kemper, P.; Bowers, M.T.,
Structure, Reactivity and Energetics of Covalently Bound Carbon Cluster Ions, C5+ to C11+: Experiment and Theory,
J. Phys. Chem., 1989, 93, 16, 6187, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100353a045
. [all data]
Arnold, Bradforth, et al., 1991
Arnold, D.W.; Bradforth, S.E.; Kitsopoulos, T.N.; Neumark, D.M.,
Vibrationally Resolved Spectra of C2-C11 by Anion Photoelectron Spectroscopy,
J. Chem. Phys., 1991, 95, 12, 8753, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.461211
. [all data]
Zhao, de Beer, et al., 1996
Zhao, Y.; de Beer, E.; Xu, C.; Taylor, T.; Neumark, D.M.,
Spectroscopy and Electron Detachment Dynamics of C4-, C6- and C8-,
J. Chem. Phys., 1996, 105, 12, 4905, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.472341
. [all data]
Kolesov, Zenkov, et al., 1963
Kolesov, V.P.; Zenkov, I.D.; Skuratov, S.M.,
Standard enthalpy of formation of chlorotrifluoroethylene,
Russ. J. Phys. Chem. (Engl. Transl.), 1963, 37, 115-116. [all data]
Cox and Pilcher, 1970
Cox, J.D.; Pilcher, G.,
Thermochemistry of Organic and Organometallic Compounds, Academic Press, New York, 1970, 1-636. [all data]
Arnold, Zhao, et al., 1992
Arnold, C.C.; Zhao, Y.X.; Kitsopoulos, T.N.; Neumark, D.M.,
Study of C6(-) and C6 with Threshold Photodetachment Spectroscopy and Autodetachment Spectroscopy,
J. Chem. Phys., 1992, 97, 9, 6121, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.463722
. [all data]
Kolesov, Talakin, et al., 1968
Kolesov, V.P.; Talakin, O.G.; Skuratov, S.M.,
Enthalpy of formation of some specimens of amorphous carbon,
Russ. J. Phys. Chem. (Engl. Transl.), 1968, 42, 1218-1220. [all data]
Kolesov, Talakin, et al., 1964
Kolesov, V.P.; Talakin, O.G.; Skuratov, S.M.,
Standard enthalpy of formation of perfluorocyclobutane,
Russ. J. Phys. Chem. (Engl. Transl.), 1964, 38, 930-931. [all data]
Kasdan, Herbst, et al., 1975
Kasdan, A.; Herbst, E.; Lineberger, W.C.,
Laser photoelectron spectrometry of CH2-,
Chem. Phys. Lett., 1975, 31, 78. [all data]
Kitsopoulos, Chick, et al., 1991
Kitsopoulos, T.N.; Chick, C.J.; Zhao, Y.; Neumark, D.M.,
Threshold Photodetachment Spectroscopy of C-5(-),
J. Chem. Phys., 1991, 95, 7, 5479, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.461664
. [all data]
Neugebauer and Margrave, 1956
Neugebauer, C.A.; Margrave, J.L.,
The heats of formation of tetrafluoroethylene, tetrafluoromethane and 1,1-difluoroethylene,
J. Phys. Chem., 1956, 60, 1318-1321. [all data]
Vorob'ev and Skuratov, 1960
Vorob'ev, A.F.; Skuratov, S.M.,
Standard enthalpies of formation of CF4,
Zh. Neorg. Khim., 1960, 5, 1398-1401. [all data]
Kolesov, Talakin, et al., 1967
Kolesov, V.P.; Talakin, O.G.; Skuratov, S.M.,
Standard enthalpy of formation of perfluoropropane and enthalpies of formation of normal perfluoroalkanes,
Vestn. Mosk. Univ. Khim., 1967, 22, 38-42. [all data]
Notes
Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, References
- Symbols used in this document:
S°gas,1 bar Entropy of gas at standard conditions (1 bar) ΔfH°gas Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions ΔrH° Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions - Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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