Humulene

Formula: C₁₅H₂₄
Molecular weight: 204.3511
IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C15H24/c1-13-7-5-8-14(2)10-12-15(3,4)11-6-9-13/h6-7,10-11H,5,8-9,12H2,1-4H3/b11-6+,13-7+,14-10+
IUPAC Standard InChIKey: FAMPSKZZVDUYOS-HRGUGZIWSA-N
CAS Registry Number: 6753-98-6
Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
Other names: α-Caryophyllene; 1,4,8-Cycloundecatriene, 2,6,6,9-tetramethyl-, (E,E,E)-; α-Humulene; Cycloundeca-1,4,8-triene,2,6,6,9-tetramethyl-, (E,E,E)-; 2,6,6,9-Tetramethyl-1,4,8-cycloundecatriene-, (1E,4E,8E)-; α-Humulenen; α-Humulene (α-caryophyllene); α-Humullene; (E)-α-Caryophyllene; α-Humulen
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Kovats' RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	DB-5	DB-5MS	HP-5MS	HP-5MS	HP-1
Column length (m)	30.	30.	30.	60.	60.
Carrier gas	He	He	He	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.26	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	60.	60.	60.	40.	60.
T_end (C)	246.	180.	280.	250.	200.
Heat rate (K/min)	3.	3.	2.	3.	4.
Initial hold (min)			8.	1.	5.
Final hold (min)		15.	30.	20.	25.
I	1455.	1451.	1452.	1477.	1465.
Reference	Adams, González Elizondo, et al., 2006	Angioni, Barra, et al., 2006	Hazzit, Baaliouamer, et al., 2006	Jalali-Heravi, Zekavat, et al., 2006	Meccia G., Rosquete C., et al., 2006
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	DB-1	HP-5	BP-1	BP-1	DB-5
Column length (m)	25.	25.	25.	30.	30.
Carrier gas	He		N2	N2
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.2	0.2	0.32	0.32	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)		0.33	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	60.	60.	60.	60.	40.
T_end (C)	220.	240.	220.	220.	210.
Heat rate (K/min)	3.	3.	5.	5.	2.
Initial hold (min)	3.				2.
Final hold (min)			13.	3.	33.
I	1460.	1454.	1452.	1447.	1452.
Reference	Mevy, Bessiere, et al., 2006	Oliveira, Leitao, et al., 2006	Raina, Verma, et al., 2006	Srivastava, Srivastava, et al., 2006	Sylvestre, Pichette, et al., 2006
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	SPB-1	DB-5	DB-5	HP-5MS	BP-5
Column length (m)	30.	30.	30.	30.	50.
Carrier gas	He	He	He	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.32	0.26	0.26	0.25	0.32
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	60.	60.	60.	50.	50.
T_end (C)	240.	246.	246.	250.	260.
Heat rate (K/min)	4.	3.	3.	3.	5.
Initial hold (min)	4.			10.	2.
Final hold (min)	2.			5.	5.
I	1452.	1455.	1454.	1456.	1457.
Reference	Walde, Jyothirmayi, et al., 2006	Adams, Morris, et al., 2005	Adams and Nguyen, 2005	Asuming, Beauchamp, et al., 2005	Baranauskiene, Venskutonis, et al., 2005
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	DB-5MS	DB-5	DB-5	HP-5MS	DB-5
Column length (m)	30.	30.		30.	30.
Carrier gas	He	Helium		He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.25		0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25		0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	60.	60.	60.	50.	40.
T_end (C)	240.	255.	240.	240.	230.
Heat rate (K/min)	3.	3.	3.	3.	8.
Initial hold (min)
Final hold (min)					4.
I	1455.	1454.	1455.	1488.	1462.8
Reference	Maia, Andrade, et al., 2005	Medina, Lucero, et al., 2005	Shatar S., 2005	Tepe, Sokmen, et al., 2005	Ament K., Kant M.R., et al., 2004
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	DB-5MS	SPB-5	HP-5MS	HP-5	HP-5
Column length (m)	30.	60.	30.	30.	30.
Carrier gas	He	He	He	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.32	0.25	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	1.	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	60.	60.	60.	60.	50.
T_end (C)	180.	200.	200.	260.	280.
Heat rate (K/min)	3.	4.	4.	3.	3.
Initial hold (min)	15.		1.		5.
Final hold (min)		30.	15.		25.
I	1455.	1475.	1452.	1454.	1428.
Reference	Angioni, Barra, et al., 2004	Gauvin, Lecomte, et al., 2004	Juliani, Zygadlo, et al., 2004	Lopes, Strobl, et al., 2004	Mahmood, Kaul, et al., 2004
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	DB-5	CP Sil 5 CB	DB-5MS	DB-5	CP Sil 8 CB
Column length (m)	25.	25.	30.	30.	30.
Carrier gas	He	H2	He	He	H2
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.15	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	60.	50.	60.	60.	50.
T_end (C)	180.	230.	240.	300.	220.
Heat rate (K/min)	5.	3.	3.	5.	3.
Initial hold (min)	6.				2.
Final hold (min)	15.
I	1453.	1456.	1454.	1442.	1448.
Reference	Merle, Morón, et al., 2004	Ogunwande, Olawore, et al., 2004	Palmeira, Moura, et al., 2004	Santos, Lopes, et al., 2004	Schwob, Bessiere, et al., 2004
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	DB-1	SPB-1	DB-5	DB-5	HP-5MS
Column length (m)	50.	30.	25.	50.	30.
Carrier gas	N2	He	He	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.32	0.25	0.32	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25		0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	95.	50.	40.	50.	50.
T_end (C)	240.	250.	280.	280.	280.
Heat rate (K/min)	4.	2.	3.	5.	4.
Initial hold (min)		2.	5.	2.	2.
Final hold (min)		5.	5.	10.	10.
I	1450.	1438.	1438.	1462.	1460.
Reference	Velasco-Negueruela, Sanz, et al., 2004	Yadav, Chauhan, et al., 2004	Amparo Blázquez, Pérez, et al., 2003	Baranauskiene, Venskutonis, et al., 2003	Baranauskiene, Venskutonis, et al., 2003, 2
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	HP-5	HP-5MS	HP-5MS	DB-5	DB-5
Column length (m)	30.	30.	30.	30.	30.
Carrier gas	He	He	He	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	1.	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	40.	60.	60.	60.	60.
T_end (C)	250.	280.	280.		240.
Heat rate (K/min)	5.	3.	3.	3.	3.
Initial hold (min)	1.
Final hold (min)					30.
I	1481.	1434.	1436.	1455.	1432.
Reference	Bouzouita, Kachouri, et al., 2003	Couladis, Chinou, et al., 2003	Gkinis, Tzakou, et al., 2003	Lucero, Estell, et al., 2003	Marongiu, Piras, et al., 2003
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	CP Sil 5 CB	CP Sil 5 CB	HP-5	BP-1	SPB-1
Column length (m)	25.	25.	30.	25.	30.
Carrier gas	He	H2	He	N2	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.55	0.32
Phase thickness (μm)	0.15	0.15	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	50.	50.	60.	60.	60.
T_end (C)	230.	230.	280.	220.	225.
Heat rate (K/min)	3.	3.	3.	5.	2.
Initial hold (min)					2.
Final hold (min)				15.	5.
I	1456.	1456.	1442.	1451.	1448.
Reference	Ogunwande, Olawore, et al., 2003	Ogunwande, Olawore, et al., 2003, 2	Özcan, Tzakou, et al., 2003	Srivastava, Ahmad, et al., 2003	Jayaprakasha, Rao, et al., 2002
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	SE-30	HP-5	DB-1	HP-5	SE-30
Column length (m)	30.	30.	25.	30.	25.
Carrier gas	He	He	He	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.25	0.2	0.25	0.22
Phase thickness (μm)		0.25		0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	60.	60.	60.	60.	70.
T_end (C)	240.	200.	220.	240.	220.
Heat rate (K/min)	4.	4.	3.	3.	4.
Initial hold (min)		1.
Final hold (min)		15.		20.
I	1452.	1455.	1455.	1454.	1467.
Reference	Juliani, Koroch, et al., 2002	Juliani and Simon, 2002	Mevy, Bessiere, et al., 2002	Mita, Tsitsimpikou, et al., 2002	Palá-Paúl, Velasco-Negueruela, et al., 2002
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	BP-1	BP-1	BP-1	Cross-Linked Methylsilicone	HP-5MS
Column length (m)	60.	25.	25.	50.	30.
Carrier gas	N2	N2	N2	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.32	0.32	0.55	0.2	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	60.	60.	60.	100.	50.
T_end (C)	220.	220.	220.	280.	250.
Heat rate (K/min)	5.	5.	5.	4.	3.
Initial hold (min)
Final hold (min)		15.	15.
I	1456.	1463.	1445.	1456.	1453.
Reference	Raina, Lal, et al., 2002	Raina, Srivastava, et al., 2002	Raina, Srivastava, et al., 2002, 2	Rajeswara Rao, Kaul, et al., 2002	Salido, Altarejos, et al., 2002
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	HP-5	PTE-5	PTE-5	BP-1	BP-1
Column length (m)	50.	60.	60.	25.	25.
Carrier gas	He	H2	H2	N2	N2
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.32	0.32	0.55	0.55
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.39	0.39	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	50.	60.	60.	60.	60.
T_end (C)	250.	285.	285.	220.	220.
Heat rate (K/min)	2.5	4.3	4.3	5.	5.
Initial hold (min)	5.
Final hold (min)				15.	15.
I	1457.	1456.	1456.	1453.	1451.
Reference	Yáñez, Pinzón, et al., 2002	Gudzic, Dordevic, et al., 2001	Gudzic, Dordevic, et al., 2001	Jain, Aggarwal, et al., 2001	Jain, Srivastava, et al., 2001
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	HP-5	DB-1	DB-1	HP-1	DB-1
Column length (m)	25.	28.	50.	50.	30.
Carrier gas	H2	He	N2	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.32	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.52	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	40.	50.	80.	100.	40.
T_end (C)	240.	270.	225.	250.	260.
Heat rate (K/min)	4.	4.5	4.	5.	2.
Initial hold (min)		1.		7.	5.
Final hold (min)					20.
I	1454.	1447.	1435.	1453.	1440.
Reference	Kitic, Palic, et al., 2001	Nagalakshmi, Thangadurai, et al., 2001	Palá-Paúl, Velasco-Negueruela, et al., 2001	Raina, Srivastava, et al., 2001	Senatore and Rigano, 2001
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	HP-5	DB-5	SE-54	DB-5	Methyl Silicone
Column length (m)	30.	30.	30.	30.	30.
Carrier gas	He	He		He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.26	0.26	0.26	0.32
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	60.	60.	60.	60.	60.
T_end (C)	280.	240.	246.	246.	225.
Heat rate (K/min)	3.	3.	3.	3.	2.
Initial hold (min)					2.
Final hold (min)					5.
I	1452.	1454.	1454.	1454.	1450.
Reference	Tzakou and Couladis, 2001	Adams, 2000	Adams, 2000, 2	Adams, 2000, 3	Jayaprakasha, Rao, et al., 2000
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	PTE-5	BP-1	HP-5MS	BP-5	DB-5
Column length (m)	60.	25.	30.	25.	30.
Carrier gas	H2	N2	He	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.32	0.50	0.25	0.25	0.26
Phase thickness (μm)	0.3	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	60.	60.	60.	60.	60.
T_end (C)	285.	220.	280.	200.	246.
Heat rate (K/min)	4.3	5.	3.	3.	3.
Initial hold (min)
Final hold (min)		10.
I	1454.	1455.	1454.	1454.	1454.
Reference	Mitic and Dordevic, 2000	Rao, Sastry, et al., 2000	Roussis, Tsoukatou, et al., 2000	Weissbecker B., Van Loon J.J.A., et al., 2000	Adams, 1999
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	DB-5	SPB-1	OV-101	HP-5	DB-5
Column length (m)	30.	30.	25.	30.	30.
Carrier gas		He		He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.32	0.32	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25		0.25	0.33
T_start (C)	50.	50.	50.	60.	40.
T_end (C)	235.	250.	200.	280.	260.
Heat rate (K/min)	15.	2.	5.	4.	2.
Initial hold (min)	2.	3.			5.
Final hold (min)	2.	5.			20.
I	1489.	1448.	1461.	1450.	1430.
Reference	Dickens, 1999	John, Rao, et al., 1999	Kuiate, Zollo, et al., 1999	Sajjadi and Ghassemi, 1999	Senatore and de Feo, 1999
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	HP-5MS	DB-5	DB-5	BP-1	BP-1
Column length (m)	30.	30.	30.	50.	50.
Carrier gas	He	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.32	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	70.	60.	60.	60.	60.
T_end (C)	250.	240.	240.	260.	260.
Heat rate (K/min)	3.	3.	4.	2.	2.
Initial hold (min)	5.
Final hold (min)
I	1447.	1453.	1454.	1457.	1465.
Reference	Siani, Ramos, et al., 1999	da Silva, Andrade, et al., 1999	da Silva, Zoghbi, et al., 1999	Vera and Chane-Ming, 1999	Vera and Chane-Ming, 1999
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	CP Sil 5 CB	BP-1	Methyl Silicone	DB-5	DB-5
Column length (m)	25.	25.	25.	30.	30.
Carrier gas		N2	N2	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.25	0.5	0.25	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)				0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	60.	60.	60.	40.	40.
T_end (C)	280.	220.	220.	250.	250.
Heat rate (K/min)	5.	5.	5.	2.	2.
Initial hold (min)				5.	5.
Final hold (min)				20.	20.
I	1451.	1456.	1454.	1430.	1430.
Reference	Kaul and Vats, 1998	Kulkarni, Mallavarapu, et al., 1998	Mallavarapu, Rao, et al., 1998	Senatore, Urrunaga Soria, et al., 1998	Senatore, 1998
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	CP Sil 5 CB	DB-1	BPX-5	SPB-1	DB-5
Column length (m)	30.	30.	50.	30.	30.
Carrier gas	Ar	He	N2	He	He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.23	0.22	0.32	0.25
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25		0.25	0.25	0.25
T_start (C)	60.	50.	60.	60.	40.
T_end (C)	220.	200.	185.	250.	250.
Heat rate (K/min)	3.	3.	2.	5.	2.
Initial hold (min)			10.	2.	5.
Final hold (min)				5.	20.
I	1446.	1449.	1454.	1456.	1438.
Reference	Szafranek, Malinski, et al., 1998	Fiorini, Fourasté, et al., 1997	Fournier, Hadjiakhoondi, et al., 1997	Jayaprakasha, Jaganmohan Rao, et al., 1997	Senatore, Urrunaga Soria, et al., 1997
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	DB-5	SE-30	OV-101	SE-30	DB-5
Column length (m)	30.	25.	50.	25.	30.
Carrier gas	He	N2	N2	N2
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.25	0.2	0.25	0.2
Phase thickness (μm)	0.25		0.2
T_start (C)	60.	60.	80.	60.	40.
T_end (C)	240.	180.	200.	180.	210.
Heat rate (K/min)	3.	3.	2.	3.	2.
Initial hold (min)		10.		10.	2.
Final hold (min)		1.	60.	1.	120.
I	1454.	1434.	1459.	1453.	1447.
Reference	Tellez, Estell, et al., 1997	Jantan, Ahmad, et al., 1996	Padrayuttawat, Tamura, et al., 1996	Jantan, Ali, et al., 1995	Loayza, Abujder, et al., 1995
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	DB-5	DB-5	OV-101	DB-1	HP-1
Column length (m)	30.	30.	25.	28.	15.
Carrier gas				He
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)			0.25	0.25	0.32
Phase thickness (μm)				0.25
T_start (C)	40.	40.	50.	50.	40.
T_end (C)	210.	210.	200.	270.	240.
Heat rate (K/min)	2.	2.	5.	4.	6.
Initial hold (min)	2.	2.		1.
Final hold (min)	120.	120.			10.
I	1451.	1451.	1467.	1447.	1455.
Reference	Loayza, Abujder, et al., 1995	Loayza, Abujder, et al., 1995	Menut, Lamaty, et al., 1995	Saad, El-Sharkawy, et al., 1995	Raharivelomanana, Cambon, et al., 1993
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

Column type	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary	Capillary
Active phase	SPB-1	BP-1	BP-1	OV-101
Column length (m)	50.	50.	50.	100.
Carrier gas	He	He	H2	H2
Substrate
Column diameter (mm)	0.20		0.33	0.3
Phase thickness (μm)				0.15
T_start (C)	35.	-100.	65.	90.
T_end (C)	200.	200.	220.	220.
Heat rate (K/min)	3.	2.	5.	2.
Initial hold (min)	5.		2.
Final hold (min)	20.
I	1472.	1439.	1471.	1459.
Reference	Wong and Tie, 1993	Bartley, 1988	Ekundayo, Laakso, et al., 1988	Gaydou, Randriamiharisoa, et al., 1986
Comment	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI	MSDC-RI

References

Go To: Top, Kovats' RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp, Notes

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Gudzic, Dordevic, et al., 2001
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Palá-Paúl, J.; Velasco-Negueruela, A.; Pérez-Alonso, M.J.; Sanz, J., Analysis of the volatile components of Argyranthemum adauctum (Link.) Humphries by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. A, 2001, 923, 1-2, 295-298, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)01003-2 . [all data]

Raina, Srivastava, et al., 2001
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Senatore and Rigano, 2001
Senatore, F.; Rigano, D., Essential oil of two Lippia spp. (Verbenaceae) growing wild in Guatemala, Flavour Fragr. J., 2001, 16, 3, 169-171, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.972 . [all data]

Tzakou and Couladis, 2001
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Adams, 2000
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Adams, R.P., The serrate leaf margined Juniperus (Section Sabina) of the western hemisphere: systematics and evolution based on leaf essential oils and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2000, 28, 10, 975-989, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-1978(00)00022-3 . [all data]

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Mitic and Dordevic, 2000
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Roussis, Tsoukatou, et al., 2000
Roussis, V.; Tsoukatou, M.; Petrakis, P.V.; Chinou, I.; Skoula, M.; Harborne, J.B., Volatile constituents of four Helichrysum species growing in Greece, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 2000, 28, 2, 163-175, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-1978(99)00046-0 . [all data]

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Adams, 1999
Adams, R.P., Systematics of multi-seeded eastern hemisphere Juniperus based on leaf essential oils and RAPD DNA fingerprinting, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 1999, 27, 7, 709-725, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-1978(99)00016-2 . [all data]

Dickens, 1999
Dickens, J.C., Predator-prey interactions: olfactory adaptations of generalist and specialist predators, Agric. For. Entomol., 1999, 1, 1, 47-54, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1461-9563.1999.00007.x . [all data]

John, Rao, et al., 1999
John, K.S.; Rao, L.J.M.; Bhat, S.G.; Rao, U.J.S.P., Characterization of aroma components of sap from different Indian mango varieties, Phytochemistry, 1999, 52, 5, 891-894, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00296-4 . [all data]

Kuiate, Zollo, et al., 1999
Kuiate, J.-R.; Zollo, P.-H.A.; Lamaty, G.; Menut, C.; Bessière, J.-M., Composition of the essential oils from the leaves of two varieties of Aspilia africana (Pers.) C. D. Adams from Cameroon, Flavour Fragr. J., 1999, 14, 3, 167-169, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(199905/06)14:3<167::AID-FFJ802>3.0.CO;2-O . [all data]

Sajjadi and Ghassemi, 1999
Sajjadi, S.E.; Ghassemi, N., Volatile constituents of Nepeta glomerulosa Boiss. subsp. carmanica, Flavour Fragr. J., 1999, 14, 5, 265-267, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(199909/10)14:5<265::AID-FFJ822>3.0.CO;2-A . [all data]

Senatore and de Feo, 1999
Senatore, F.; de Feo, V., Chemical composition of the essential oil from Tagetes mandonii Sch. Bip. (Asteraceae), Flavour Fragr. J., 1999, 14, 1, 32-34, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(199901/02)14:1<32::AID-FFJ772>3.0.CO;2-7 . [all data]

Siani, Ramos, et al., 1999
Siani, A.C.; Ramos, M.F.S.; Menezes-de-Lima, O., Jr.; Ribeiro-dos-Santos, R.; Fernadez-Ferreira, E.; Soares, R.O.A.; Rosas, E.C.; Susunaga, G.S.; Guimarães, A.C.; Zoghbi, M.G.B.; Henriques, M.G.M.O., Evaluation of anti-inflammatory-related activity of essential oils from the leaves and resin of species of Protium, J. Ethnopharmacol., 1999, 66, 1, 57-69, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(98)00148-2 . [all data]

da Silva, Andrade, et al., 1999
da Silva, M.H.L.; Andrade, E.H.A.; Zoghbi, M.G.B.; Luz, A.I.R.; da Silva, J.D.; Maia, J.G.S., The essential oils of Lantana camara L. occurring in North Brazil, Flavour Fragr. J., 1999, 14, 4, 208-210, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(199907/08)14:4<208::AID-FFJ811>3.0.CO;2-F . [all data]

da Silva, Zoghbi, et al., 1999
da Silva, M.H.L.; Zoghbi, M.G.B.; Andrade, E.H.A.; Maia, J.G.S., The essential oils of Peperomia pellucida Kunth and P. circinnata link var. circinnata, Flavour Fragr. J., 1999, 14, 5, 312-314, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(199909/10)14:5<312::AID-FFJ835>3.0.CO;2-B . [all data]

Vera and Chane-Ming, 1999
Vera, R.R.; Chane-Ming, J., Chemical composition of the essential oil of marjoram (Origanum majorana L.) from Reunion Island, Food Chem., 1999, 66, 2, 143-145, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(98)00018-1 . [all data]

Kaul and Vats, 1998
Kaul, V.K.; Vats, S.K., Essential oil composition of Bothriochloa pertusa and phyletic relationship in aromatic grasses, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 1998, 26, 3, 347-356, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-1978(97)00103-8 . [all data]

Kulkarni, Mallavarapu, et al., 1998
Kulkarni, R.N.; Mallavarapu, G.R.; Baskaran, K.; Ramesch, S.; Kumar, S., Composition of the essential oils of two isomenthone-rich variants of geranium (Pelargonium sp.), Flavour Fragr. J., 1998, 13, 6, 389-392, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(199811/12)13:6<389::AID-FFJ757>3.0.CO;2-2 . [all data]

Mallavarapu, Rao, et al., 1998
Mallavarapu, G.R.; Rao, B.R.R.; Kaul, P.N.; Ramesh, S.; Bhattacharya, A.K., Volatile constituents of the essential oils of the seeds and the herb of palmarosa (Cymbopogon martinii (Roxb.) Wats. var. motia Burk.), Flavour Fragr. J., 1998, 13, 3, 167-169, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(199805/06)13:3<167::AID-FFJ719>3.0.CO;2-B . [all data]

Senatore, Urrunaga Soria, et al., 1998
Senatore, F.; Urrunaga Soria, E.; Urrunaga Soria, R.; Porta, G.D.; de Feo, V., Essential oil from two peruvian Satureja species, Flavour Fragr. J., 1998, 13, 1, 1-4, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(199801/02)13:1<1::AID-FFJ672>3.0.CO;2-4 . [all data]

Senatore, 1998
Senatore, F., Volatile constituents of Minthostachys setosa (Briq.) Epl. (Lamiaceae) from Peru, Flavour Fragr. J., 1998, 13, 4, 263-265, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(1998070)13:4<263::AID-FFJ738>3.0.CO;2-H . [all data]

Szafranek, Malinski, et al., 1998
Szafranek, B.; Malinski, E.; Szafranek, J., The sesquiterpene composition of leaf cuticular neutral lipids of ten varieties of polish Solanum tuberosum, J. Sci. Food Agric., 1998, 76, 4, 588-592, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0010(199804)76:4<588::AID-JSFA994>3.0.CO;2-M . [all data]

Fiorini, Fourasté, et al., 1997
Fiorini, C.; Fourasté, I.; David, B.; Bessière, J.M., Composition of the flower, leaf, and stem essential oils from Laurus nobilis L., Flavour Fragr. J., 1997, 12, 2, 91-93, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(199703)12:2<91::AID-FFJ623>3.0.CO;2-3 . [all data]

Fournier, Hadjiakhoondi, et al., 1997
Fournier, G.; Hadjiakhoondi, A.; Leboeuf, M.; Cavé, A.; Charles, B., Essential oils of annonaceae. Part VII. Essential oils of Monanthotaxis declina (Sprague) verdcourt and Unonopsis guatterioides R. E. Fries, Flavour Fragr. J., 1997, 12, 2, 95-98, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(199703)12:2<95::AID-FFJ611>3.0.CO;2-Z . [all data]

Jayaprakasha, Jaganmohan Rao, et al., 1997
Jayaprakasha, G.K.; Jaganmohan Rao, L.; Sakariah, K.K., Chemical composition of the volatile oil from the fruits of Cinnamomum zeylanicum blume, Flavour Fragr. J., 1997, 12, 5, 331-333, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(199709/10)12:5<331::AID-FFJ663>3.0.CO;2-X . [all data]

Senatore, Urrunaga Soria, et al., 1997
Senatore, F.; Urrunaga Soria, E.; Urrunaga Soria, R.; Porta, G.D.; Taddeo, R.; de Feo, V., Essential oil of Eremocharis triradiata (Wolff.) Johnston (Apiaceae) growing wild in Perú, Flavour Fragr. J., 1997, 12, 4, 257-259, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(199707)12:4<257::AID-FFJ645>3.0.CO;2-4 . [all data]

Tellez, Estell, et al., 1997
Tellez, M.R.; Estell, R.E.; Fredrickson, E.L.; Havstad, K.M., Essential oil of Dyssodia acerosa DC., J. Agric. Food Chem., 1997, 45, 8, 3276-3278, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf9701502 . [all data]

Jantan, Ahmad, et al., 1996
Jantan, I.; Ahmad, A.S.; Ahmad, A.R.; Ali, N.A.M.; Ayop, N., Chemical composition of some citrus oils from Malaysia, J. Essent. Oil Res., 1996, 8, 6, 627-632, https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1996.9701030 . [all data]

Padrayuttawat, Tamura, et al., 1996
Padrayuttawat, A.; Tamura, H.; Yamao, M., A split injection system for the analysis of purge and trap headspace of the volatile components in Citrus sudachi, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr., 1996, 19, 6, 365-369, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190613 . [all data]

Jantan, Ali, et al., 1995
Jantan, I.; Ali, N.A.M.; Ahmad, A.S.; Ahmad, A.R., Constituents of the essential oil of Leptospermum javanicum blume from peninsular Malaysia, Flavour Fragr. J., 1995, 10, 4, 255-258, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.2730100406 . [all data]

Loayza, Abujder, et al., 1995
Loayza, I.; Abujder, D.; Aranda, R.; Jakupovic, J.; Collin, G.; Deslauriers, H.; Jean, F.-I., Essential oils of Baccharis salicifolia, B. latifolia and B. dracunculifolia, Phytochemistry, 1995, 38, 2, 381-389, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(94)00628-7 . [all data]

Menut, Lamaty, et al., 1995
Menut, C.; Lamaty, G.; Bessiere, J.-M.; Seuleiman, A.M.; Fendero, P.; Maidou, E.; Denamganai, J., Aromatic Plants of Tropical Central Africa. XXI. Chemical Composition of Bark Essential Oil of Guarea cedrata (A. Chev.) Pellegr. from Central African Republic, J. Essent. Oil Res., 1995, 7, 2, 207-209, https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1995.9698502 . [all data]

Saad, El-Sharkawy, et al., 1995
Saad, H.-E.A.; El-Sharkawy, S.H.; Halim, A.F., Essential oils of Daucus carota ssp. maximus, Pharm. Acta Helv., 1995, 70, 1, 79-84, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-6865(94)00054-Y . [all data]

Raharivelomanana, Cambon, et al., 1993
Raharivelomanana, P.; Cambon, A.; Azzaro, M.; Bianchini, J.-P.; Claude-Lafontaine, A.; George, G., Volatile Constituents of Neocallitropsis pancheri (Carriere) de Laubenfels Heartwood Extracts (Cupressaceae), J. Essent. Oil Res., 1993, 5, 6, 587-595, https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1993.9698289 . [all data]

Wong and Tie, 1993
Wong, K.C.; Tie, D.Y., The Essential Oil of the Leaves of Murraya koenigii Spreng., J. Essent. Oil Res., 1993, 5, 4, 371-374, https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1993.9698245 . [all data]

Bartley, 1988
Bartley, J.P., Volatile flavours of Australian tropical fruits, Biomed. Environ. Mass Spectrom., 1988, 16, 1-12, 201-205, https://doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200160136 . [all data]

Ekundayo, Laakso, et al., 1988
Ekundayo, O.; Laakso, I.; Adegbola, R.-M.; Oguntimein, B.; Sofowora, A.; Hiltunen, R., Essential oil constituents of Ashanti pepper (Piper guineense) fruits (berries), J. Agric. Food Chem., 1988, 36, 5, 880-882, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00083a001 . [all data]

Gaydou, Randriamiharisoa, et al., 1986
Gaydou, E.M.; Randriamiharisoa, R.; Bianchini, J.-P., Composition of the essential oil of ylang-ylang (Canaga odorata Hook Fil. et Thomson forma genuina) from Madagascar, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1986, 34, 3, 481-487, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00069a028 . [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Kovats' RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp, References

Symbols used in this document:

T_end Final temperature

T_start Initial temperature
Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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