4-Heptenal, (Z)-

• Formula: C₇H₁₂O
• Molecular weight: 112.1696
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C7H12O/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8/h3-4,7H,2,5-6H2,1H3/b4-3- Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: VVGOCOMZRGWHPI-ARJAWSKDSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 6728-31-0
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file
• Species with the same structure:
  • (Z)-4-Heptenal
• Stereoisomers:
  • 4-Heptenal
  • 4-Heptenal, (E)-
  • (E)-4-Heptenal
• Other names: cis-4-Hepten-1-al; (Z)-4-Hepten-1-al; cis-4-Heptenal; (4Z)-4-Heptenal; 4-(Z)-Heptenal; Hept-4(Z)-enal; Hept-cis-4-enal; (Z)-4-Heptenal; ( Z)-Hept-4-enal
• Information on this page:
  • Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
  • Gas Chromatography
  • References
  • Notes
• Options:
  • Switch to SI units

Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

Go To: Top, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

Notice: This spectrum may be better viewed with a Javascript and HTML 5 enabled browser.

For Zoom

1.) Enter the desired X axis range (e.g., 100, 200)

2.) Check here for automatic Y scaling

3.) Press here to zoom

Additional Data

Gas Chromatography

Go To: Top, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

References

Go To: Top, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Engel and Ratel, 2007
Engel, E.; Ratel, J., Correction of the data generated by mass spectrometry analyses of biological tissues: Application to food authentication, J. Chromatogr. A, 2007, 1154, 1-2, 331-341, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2007.02.012 . [all data]

Lozano P.R., Miracle E.R., et al., 2007
Lozano P.R.; Miracle E.R.; Krause A.J.; Drake M.; Cadwallader K.R., Effect of cold storage and packaging material on the major aroma components of sweet cream butter, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2007, 55, 19, 7840-7846, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf071075q . [all data]

Methven L., Tsoukka M., et al., 2007
Methven L.; Tsoukka M.; Oruna-Concha M.J.; Parker J.K.; Mottram D.S., Influence of sulfur amino acids on the volatile and nonvolatile components of cooked salmon (Salmo salar), J. Agric. Food Chem., 2007, 55, 4, 1427-1436, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0625611 . [all data]

Whetstine M.E.C., Drake M.A., et al., 2006
Whetstine M.E.C.; Drake M.A.; Nelson B.K.; Barbano D.M., Flavor profiles of full-fat and reduced-fat cheese and cheese fat made from aged cheddar with the fat removed using a novel process, J. Dairy Res., 2006, 89, 2, 505-517, https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(06)72113-0 . [all data]

Carunchia Whetstine, Croissant, et al., 2005
Carunchia Whetstine, M.E.; Croissant, A.E.; Drake, M.A., Characterization of Dried Whey Protein Concentrate and Isolate Flavor, J. Dairy Sci., 2005, 88, 11, 3826-3839, https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(05)73068-X . [all data]

Elmore, Cooper, et al., 2005
Elmore, J.S.; Cooper, S.L.; Enser, M.; Mottram, D.S.; Sinclair, L.A.; Wilkinson, R.G.; Wood, J.D., Dietary manipulation of fatty acid composition in lamb meat and its effect on the volatile aroma compounds of grilled lamb, Meat Sci., 2005, 69, 2, 233-242, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2004.07.002 . [all data]

Whetstine, Cadwallader, et al., 2005
Whetstine, M.E.C.; Cadwallader, K.R.; Drake, M.A., Characterization of aroma compounds responsible for the rosy/floral flavor in cheddar cheese, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 53, 8, 3126-3132, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf048278o . [all data]

Avsar, Karagul-Yuceer, et al., 2004
Avsar, Y.K.; Karagul-Yuceer, Y.; Drake, M.A.; Singh, T.K.; Yoon, Y.; Cadwallader, K.R., Characterization of nutty flavor in cheddar cheese, J. Dairy Sci., 2004, 87, 7, 1999-2010, https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(04)70017-X . [all data]

Flamini, Luigi Cioni, et al., 2003
Flamini, G.; Luigi Cioni, P.; Morelli, I., Variability of the essential oil of Viola etrusca, Ann. Bot. Rome, 2003, 91, 4, 493-497, https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcg039 . [all data]

Karagül-Yüceer, Vlahovich, et al., 2003
Karagül-Yüceer, Y.; Vlahovich, K.N.; Drake, M.A.; Cadwallader, K.R., Characteristic aroma components of rennet casein, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2003, 51, 23, 6797-6801, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0345806 . [all data]

Karagül-Yüceer, Cadwallader, et al., 2002
Karagül-Yüceer, Y.; Cadwallader, K.R.; Drake, M.A., Volatile flavor components of stored nonfat dry milk, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2002, 50, 2, 305-312, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf010648a . [all data]

Lee, Suriyaphan, et al., 2001
Lee, G.-H.; Suriyaphan, O.; Cadwallader, K.R., Aroma components of cooked tail meat of American lobster (Homarus americanus), J. Agric. Food Chem., 2001, 49, 9, 4324-4332, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf001523t . [all data]

Siegmund and Pfannhauser, 1999
Siegmund, B.; Pfannhauser, W., Changes of the volatile fraction of cooked chicken meat during chill storing: results obtained by the electronic nose in comparison to GC-MS and GC olfactometry, Z. Lebensm. Unters. Forsch. A, 1999, 208, 5-6, 336-341, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002170050426 . [all data]

Cha and Cadwallader, 1998
Cha, Y.J.; Cadwallader, K.R., Aroma-active compounds in skipjack tuna sauce, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1998, 46, 3, 1123-1128, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf970380g . [all data]

Warthen, Lee, et al., 1997
Warthen, J.D.; Lee, C.-J.; Jang, E.B.; Lance, D.R.; McInnis, D.O., Volatile, potential attractants from ripe coffee fruit for female Mediterranean fruit fly, J. Chem. Ecol., 1997, 23, 7, 1891-1900, https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006458.02342.61 . [all data]

Misharina and Golovnya, 1996
Misharina, T.A.; Golovnya, R.V., Study of the composition of volatiles in raw and processed sardine by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Zh. Anal. Khim., 1996, 51, 7, 791-795. [all data]

Schuh and Schieberle, 2006
Schuh, C.; Schieberle, P., Characterization of the Key Aroma Compounds in the Beverage Prepared from Darjeeling Black Tea: Quantitative Differences between Tea Leaves and Infusion, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2006, 54, 3, 916-924, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf052495n . [all data]

Selli, Rannou, et al., 2006
Selli, S.; Rannou, C.; Prost, C.; Robin, J.; Serot, T., Characterization of Aroma-Active Compounds in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Eliciting an Off-Odor, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2006, 54, 25, 9496-9502, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0619582 . [all data]

Varlet V., Knockaert C., et al., 2006
Varlet V.; Knockaert C.; Prost C.; Serot T., Comparison of odor-active volatile compounds of fresh and smoked salmon, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2006, 54, 9, 3391-3401, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf053001p . [all data]

Bonaiti, Irlinger, et al., 2005
Bonaiti, C.; Irlinger, F.; Spinnler, H.E.; Engel, E., An iterative sensory procedure to select odor-active associations in complex consortia of microorganisms: application to the construction of a cheese model, J. Dairy Sci., 2005, 88, 5, 1671-1684, https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(05)72839-3 . [all data]

Kirchhoff and Schieberle, 2002
Kirchhoff, E.; Schieberle, P., Quantitation of odor-active compounds in rye flour and rye sourdough using stable isotope dilution assays, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2002, 50, 19, 5378-5385, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf020236h . [all data]

Zehentbauer and Reineccius, 2002
Zehentbauer, G.; Reineccius, G.A., Determination of key aroma components of cheddar cheese using dynamic headspace dilution assay, Flavour Fragr. J., 2002, 17, 4, 300-305, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1102 . [all data]

Kirchhoff and Schieberle, 2001
Kirchhoff, E.; Schieberle, P., Determination of key aroma compounds in the crumb of a three-stage sourdough rye bread by stable isotope dilution assays and sensory studies, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2001, 49, 9, 4304-4311, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf010376b . [all data]

Rychlik and Bosset, 2001
Rychlik, M.; Bosset, J.O., Flavour and off-flavour compoundsof SwissGruy ere cheese. Evaluation of potent odorants, Int. Dairy J., 2001, 11, 11-12, 895-901, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0958-6946(01)00108-X . [all data]

Elmore, Mottram, et al., 2000
Elmore, J.S.; Mottram, D.S.; Enser, M.; Wood, J.D., The effects of diet and breed on the volatile compounds of cooked lamb, Meat Sci., 2000, 55, 2, 149-159, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0309-1740(99)00137-0 . [all data]

Munk, Munch, et al., 2000
Munk, S.; Munch, P.; Stahnke, L.; Adler-Nissen., J.; Schieberle, P., Primary odorants of laundry soiled with sweat/sebum: influence of lipase on the odor profile, Journal of Surfactants and Detergents, 2000, 3, 4, 505-515, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11743-000-0150-z . [all data]

Fickert and Schieberle, 1998
Fickert, B.; Schieberle, P., Identification of the key odorants in barley malt (caramalt) using GC/MS techniques and odour dilution analyses, Nahrung, 1998, 42, 6, 371-375, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1521-3803(199812)42:06<371::AID-FOOD371>3.0.CO;2-V . [all data]

Triqui and Reineccius, 1995
Triqui, R.; Reineccius, G.A., Changes in flavor profiles with ripening of anchovy (Engraulis encrasicholus), J. Agric. Food Chem., 1995, 43, 7, 1883-1889, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00055a024 . [all data]

Triqui and Reineccius, 1995, 2
Triqui, R.; Reineccius, G.A., Flavor development in the ripening of anchovy (Engraulis encrasicholus L.), J. Agric. Food Chem., 1995, 43, 2, 453-458, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00050a037 . [all data]

Lozano P.R., Drake M., et al., 2007
Lozano P.R.; Drake M.; Benitez D.; Cadwallader K.R., Instrumental and sensory characterization of heat-induced odorants in aseptically packaged soy milk, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2007, 55, 8, 3018-3026, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0631225 . [all data]

Pozo-Bayon M.A., Ruiz-Rodriguez A., et al., 2007
Pozo-Bayon M.A.; Ruiz-Rodriguez A.; Pernin K.; Cayot N., Influence of eggs on the aroma composition of a sponge cake and on the aroma release in model studies on flavored sponge cakes, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2007, 55, 4, 1418-1426, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf062203y . [all data]

Fernandez-Segovia, Escriche, et al., 2006
Fernandez-Segovia, I.; Escriche, I.; Gomez-Sintes, M.; Fuentes, A.; Serra, J.A., In?uence of di?erent preservation treatments on the volatile fraction of desalted cod, Food Chem., 2006, 98, 3, 473-482, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.06.021 . [all data]

Cros S., Lignot B., et al., 2005
Cros S.; Lignot B.; Bourseau P.; Jaouen P., Reverse osmosis for the production of aromatic concentrates from mussel cooking juices: a technical assessment, Desalination, 2005, 180, 1-3, 263-269, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2005.01.008 . [all data]

Cros, Lignot, et al., 2005
Cros, S.; Lignot, B.; Bourseau, P.; Jaouen, P.; Prost, C., Desalination of mussel cooking juices by electrodialysis: effect on the aroma profile, J. Food Eng., 2005, 69, 4, 425-436, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2004.08.036 . [all data]

Mahajan, Goddik, et al., 2004
Mahajan, S.S.; Goddik, L.; Qian, M.C., Aroma Compounds in Sweet Whey Powder, J. Dairy Sci., 2004, 87, 12, 4057-4063, https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(04)73547-X . [all data]

Chung, Yung, et al., 2002
Chung, H.-Y.; Yung, I.K.S.; Ma, W.C.J.; Kim, J.-S., Analysis of volatile components in frozen and dried scallops (Patinopecten yessoensis) by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, Food Res. Int., 2002, 35, 1, 43-53, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0963-9969(01)00107-7 . [all data]

Chung, Yung, et al., 2001
Chung, H.Y.; Yung, I.K.S.; Kim, J.-S., Comparison of volatile components in dried scallops (Chlamys farreri and Patinopecten yessoensis) prepared by boiling and steaming methods, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2001, 49, 1, 192-202, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf000692a . [all data]

le Guen, Prost, et al., 2001
le Guen, S.; Prost, C.; Demaimay, M., Evaluation of the representativeness of the odor of cooked mussel extracts and the relationship between sensory descriptors and potent odorants, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2001, 49, 3, 1321-1327, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf000781n . [all data]

le Guen, Prost, et al., 2000
le Guen, S.; Prost, C.; Demaimay, M., Critical comparison of three olfactometric methods for the identification of the most potent odorants in cooked mussels (Mytilus edulis), J. Agric. Food Chem., 2000, 48, 4, 1307-1314, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf990745s . [all data]

Le Guen, Prost, et al., 2000
Le Guen, S.; Prost, C.; Demaimay, M., Characterization of odorant compounds of mussels (Mytilus edulis) according to their origin using gas chromatography-olfactometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. A, 2000, 896, 1-2, 361-371, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)00729-9 . [all data]

Stephan and Steinhart, 1999
Stephan, A.; Steinhart, H., Identification of character impact odorants of different soybean lecithins, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1999, 47, 7, 2854-2859, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf981387g . [all data]

Cha, Kim, et al., 1998
Cha, Y.J.; Kim, H.; Cadwallader, K.R., Aroma-active compounds in Kimchi during fermentation, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1998, 46, 5, 1944-1953, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf9706991 . [all data]

Cadwallader, Tan, et al., 1995
Cadwallader, K.R.; Tan, Q.; Chen, F.; Meyers, S.P., Evaluation of the aroma of cooked spiny lobster tail meat by aroma extract dilution analysis, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1995, 43, 9, 2432-2437, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00057a022 . [all data]

Shimoda, Shigematsu, et al., 1995
Shimoda, M.; Shigematsu, H.; Shiratsuchi, H.; Osajima, Y., Comparison of the odor concentrates by SDE and adsorptive column method from green tea infusion, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1995, 43, 6, 1616-1620, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00054a037 . [all data]

Chung and Cadwallader, 1993
Chung, H.Y.; Cadwallader, K.R., Volatile components in blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) meat and processing by-product, J. Food Sci., 1993, 58, 6, 1203-1207, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1993.tb06148.x . [all data]

Tanchotikul and Hsieh, 1989
Tanchotikul, U.; Hsieh, T.C.-Y., Volatile Flavor Components in Crayfish Waste, J. Food Sci., 1989, 54, 6, 1515-1520, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1989.tb05149.x . [all data]

Hallier, Prost, et al., 2005
Hallier, A.; Prost, C.; Serot, T., Influence in rearing conditions on the volatile compounds of cooked fillets of Silurus glanis (European catfish), J. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 53, 18, 7204-7211, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf050559o . [all data]

Pennarun, Prost, et al., 2003
Pennarun, A.-L.; Prost, C.; Haure, J.; Demaimay, M., Comparison of two microalgal diets. 2. Influence on odorant composition and organoleptic qualities of raw oysters (Crassostrea gigas), J. Agric. Food Chem., 2003, 51, 7, 2011-2018, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf020549c . [all data]

Pennarun, Prost, et al., 2002
Pennarun, A.L.; Prost, C.; Demaimay, M., Identification and origin of the character-impact compounds of raw oyster Crassostrea gigas, J. Sci. Food Agric., 2002, 82, 14, 1652-1660, https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.1236 . [all data]

Sérot, Regost, et al., 2001
Sérot, T.; Regost, C.; Prost, C.; Robin, J.; Arzel, J., Effect of dietary lipid sources on odour-active compounds in muscle of turbot (Psetta maxima), J. Sci. Food Agric., 2001, 81, 14, 1339-1346, https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.950 . [all data]

Prost, Serot, et al., 1998
Prost, C.; Serot, T.; Demaimay, M., Identification of the most potent odorants in wild and farmed cooked turbot (Scophtalamus maximus L.), J. Agric. Food Chem., 1998, 46, 8, 3214-3219, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf980128o . [all data]

Baek and Cadwallader, 1996
Baek, H.H.; Cadwallader, K.R., Volatile compounds in flavor concentrates produced from crayfish-processing byproducts with and without protease treatment, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1996, 44, 10, 3262-3267, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf960023q . [all data]

Sivadier, Ratel, et al., 2009
Sivadier, G.; Ratel, J.; Engel, E., Latency and persistence of diet volatile biomarkers in lamb fats, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2009, 57, 2, 645-652, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf802467q . [all data]

Watcharananun, Cadwallader, et al., 2009
Watcharananun, W.; Cadwallader, K.R.; Huangrak, K.; Kim, H.; Lorjaroenphon, Y., Identification of predominant odorants in Thai desserts flavored by smoking with Tian Op, a traditional Thai scented candle, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2009, 57, 3, 996-1005, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf802674c . [all data]

Zhao, Zeng, et al., 2009
Zhao, C.; Zeng, Y.; Wan, M.; Li, R.; Liang, Y.; Li, C.; Zeng, Z.; Chau, F.-T., Comparative analysis of essential oils from eight herbal medicines with pungent flavor and cool nature by GC-MS and chemometric resolution methods, J. Sep. Sci., 2009, 32, 4, 660-670, https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.200800484 . [all data]

Kumazawa, Itobe, et al., 2008
Kumazawa, K.; Itobe, T.; Nishimura, O.; Hamaguchi, T., A new approach to estimate the in-mouth release characteristics of odorants in chewing gum, Food Science and Technology Research, 2008, 14, 3, 269-276, https://doi.org/10.3136/fstr.14.269 . [all data]

Shafi, Nambiar, et al., 2004
Shafi, P.M.; Nambiar, M.K.G.; Clery, R.A.; Sarma, Y.R.; Veena, S.S., Composition and antifungal activity of the oil of Artemisia nilagirica (Clarke) Pamp, J. Essent. Oil Res., 2004, 16, 4, 377-379, https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2004.9698748 . [all data]

Czerny and Schieberle, 2002
Czerny, M.; Schieberle, P., Important aroma compounds in freshly ground wholemeal and white wheat flour-identification and quantitative changes during sourdough fermentation, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2002, 50, 23, 6835-6840, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf020638p . [all data]

Milo and Grosch, 1996
Milo, C.; Grosch, W., Changes in the odorants of boiled salmon and cod as affected by the storage of the raw material, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1996, 44, 8, 2366-2371, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf9507203 . [all data]

Milo and Grosch, 1995
Milo, C.; Grosch, W., Detection of odor defects in boiled cod and trout by gas chromatography-olfactometry of headspace samples, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1995, 43, 2, 459-462, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00050a038 . [all data]

Dou, Li, et al., 2007
Dou, H.-L.; Li, C.-M.; Gu, H.-F.; Hao, J.-F., Comparative analysis on aromatic components of green tea and fresh green tea beverage using HS-SPME/GC-MS/GC-olfactometry/RI methods, Journal of Tea Science, 2007, 27, 1, 51-60. [all data]

Beaulieu J.C. and Lea J.M., 2006
Beaulieu J.C.; Lea J.M., Characterization and semiquantitative analysis of volatiles in seedless watermelon varieties using solid-phase microextraction, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2006, 54, 20, 7789-7793, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf060663l . [all data]

Senger-Emonnot, Rochard, et al., 2006
Senger-Emonnot, P.; Rochard, S.; Pellegrin, F.; George, G.; Fernandez, X.; Lizzani-Cuvelier, L., Odour active aroma compounds of sea fig (Microcosmus sulcatus), Food Chem., 2006, 97, 3, 465-471, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.05.026 . [all data]

Triqui and Bouchriti, 2003
Triqui, R.; Bouchriti, N., Freshness assessments of Moroccan sardine (Sardina pilchardus): comparison of overall sensory changes to instrumentally determined volatiles, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2003, 51, 26, 7540-7546, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0348166 . [all data]

Staples E.S., 2002
Staples E.S., The Chemistry of Black Tea Aroma, EST Internal Report, April, Electronic Sensor Technology, Newbury PAck, CA 91320, 2002, 16, retrieved from http://www.estcal.com/TechPapers/Tea_Samples2.pdf. [all data]

Kawasaki, Matsui, et al., 1998
Kawasaki, W.; Matsui, K.; Akakabe, Y.; Itai, N.; Kajiwara, T., Long-chain aldehyde-forming activity in tobacco leaves, Phytochemistry, 1998, 49, 6, 1565-1568, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00236-2 . [all data]

Masanetz, Guth, et al., 1998
Masanetz, C.; Guth, H.; Grosch, W., Fishy and hay-like off-flavours of dry spinach, Z. Lebensm. Unters. Forsch. A, 1998, 206, 2, 108-113, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002170050224 . [all data]

Matsui, Guth, et al., 1998
Matsui, T.; Guth, H.; Grosch, W., A comparative study of potent odorants in peanut, hazelnut, and pumpkin seed oils on the basis of aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA) and gas chromatography-olfactometry of headspace samples (GCOH), Lipid - Fett, 1998, 100, 2, 51-56, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1521-4133(199802)100:2<51::AID-LIPI51>3.0.CO;2-W . [all data]

Zehentbauer and Grosch, 1998
Zehentbauer, G.; Grosch, W., Crust aroma of baguettes. I. Key odorants of baguettes prepared in two different ways, J. Cereal Science, 1998, 28, 1, 81-92, https://doi.org/10.1006/jcrs.1998.0184 . [all data]

Schermann and Schieberle, 1997
Schermann, P.; Schieberle, P., Evaluation of key odorants in milk chocolate and cocoa mass by aroma extract dilution analyses, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1997, 45, 3, 867-872, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf960670h . [all data]

Schieberle and Grosch, 1994
Schieberle, P.; Grosch, W., Potent odorants of rye bread crust - differences from the crumb and from wheat bread crust, Z. Lebensm. Unters. Forsch., 1994, 198, 4, 292-296, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01193177 . [all data]

Milo and Grosch, 1993
Milo, C.; Grosch, W., Changes in the odorants of boiled trout (Salmo fario) as affected by the storage of the raw material, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1993, 41, 11, 2076-2081, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00035a048 . [all data]

Rochat, Egger, et al., 2009
Rochat, S.; Egger, J.; Chaintreau, A., Strategy for the identification of key odorants: application to shrimp aroma, J. Chromatogr. A, 2009, 1216, 36, 6424-6432, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2009.07.014 . [all data]

Ganeko, Shoda, et al., 2008
Ganeko, N.; Shoda, M.; Hirohara, I.; Bhadra, A.; Ishida, T.; Matsuda, H.; Takamura, H.; Matoba, T., Analysis of volatile flavor compounds of sardine (Sardinops melanostica) by solid phase microextraction, J. Food Sci., 2008, 73, 1, s83-s88, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00608.x . [all data]

Wierda R.L., Fletcher G., et al., 2006
Wierda R.L.; Fletcher G.; Xu L.; Dufour J.P., Analysis of volatile compounds as spoilage indicators in fresh king salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) during storage using SPME-GC-MS, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2006, 54, 22, 8480-8490, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf061377c . [all data]

Kumazawa, Kubota, et al., 2005
Kumazawa, K.; Kubota, K.; Masuda, H., Influence of Manufacturing Conditions and Crop Season on the Formation of 4-Mercapto-4-methyl-2-pentanone in Japanese Green Tea (Sen-cha), J. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 53, 13, 5390-5396, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf050392z . [all data]

Kumazawa and Masuda, 2002
Kumazawa, K.; Masuda, H., Identification of potent odorants in different green tea varieties using flavor dilution technique, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2002, 50, 20, 5660-5663, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf020498j . [all data]

Bendall, 2001
Bendall, J.G., Aroma compounds of fresh milk from New Zealand cows fed different diets, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2001, 49, 10, 4825-4832, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf010334n . [all data]

Preininger and Ullrich, 2001
Preininger, M.; Ullrich, F., Trace compound analysis for off-flavor characterization of micromilled milk powder, Am. Chem. Soc. Symp. Ser., 2001, 782, 46-61. [all data]

Kumazawa and Masuda, 1999
Kumazawa, K.; Masuda, H., Identification of potent odorants in Japanese green tea (Sen-cha), J. Agric. Food Chem., 1999, 47, 12, 5169-5172, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf9906782 . [all data]

Schlüter, Steinhart, et al., 1999
Schlüter, S.; Steinhart, H.; Schwarz, F.J.; Kirchgessner, M., Changes in the odorants of boiled carp fillet (Cyprinus carpio L.) as affected by increasing methionine levels in feed, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1999, 47, 12, 5146-5150, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf9902604 . [all data]

Horiuchi, Umano, et al., 1998
Horiuchi, M.; Umano, K.; Shibamoto, T., Analysis of volatile compounds formed from fish oil heated with cysteine and trimethylamine oxide, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1998, 46, 12, 5232-5237, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf980482m . [all data]

Kawakami, Ganguly, et al., 1995
Kawakami, M.; Ganguly, S.N.; Banerjee, J.; Kobayashi, A., Aroma composition of oolong tea and black tea by brewed extraction method and characterizing compounds of Darjeeling tea aroma, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1995, 43, 1, 200-207, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00049a037 . [all data]

Kawakami, Kobayashi, et al., 1993
Kawakami, M.; Kobayashi, A.; Kator, K., Volatile constituents of Rooibos tea (Aspalathus linearis) as affected by extraction process, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1993, 41, 4, 633-636, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00028a023 . [all data]

Schieberle and Grosch, 1983
Schieberle, P.; Grosch, W., Identifizierung von Aromastoffen aus der Kruste von Roggenbrot, Z. Lebensm. Unters. Forsch., 1983, 177, 3, 173-180, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01146791 . [all data]

Quijano and Pino, 2006
Quijano, C.E.; Pino, J.A., Changes in volatile constituents during the ripening of cocona (Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal) fruit, Revista CENIC Ciencias Quimicas, 2006, 37, 3, 133-136. [all data]

Baek and Cadwallader, 2003
Baek, H.H.; Cadwallader, K.R., Gas chromatographic/olfactometric evaluation of flavor extracts produced from crawfish processing by-products, 2003, retrieved from http://nsgl.gso.uri.edu/source/flsgpw95001/flsgpw95001_part₅.pdf. [all data]

Castioni and Kapetanidis, 1996
Castioni, P.; Kapetanidis, I., Volatile constituents from Brunfelsia grandiflora ssp. grandiflora: qualitative analysis by GC-MS, Scientia Pharmaceutica, 1996, 64, 83-91. [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
• The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database.
• Customer support for NIST Standard Reference Data products.