Tetracosane

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Condensed phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
solid,1 bar651.0J/mol*KN/AParks, Moore, et al., 1949Extrapolation below 80 K, 160.5 J/mol*K.

Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid

Cp,liquid (J/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
772.5330.63Grigor'ev and Andolenko, 1984T = 331 to 433 K. Unsmoothed experimental datum given as 2.281 kJ/kg*K.
805.353.Atkinson, Larkin, et al., 1969T = 353 to 453 K. Equation only.

Constant pressure heat capacity of solid

Cp,solid (J/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
601.300.Hoehne, 1981T = 300 to 500 K. Cv = 1.75 J/g*K.
730.9298.15Parks, Moore, et al., 1949T = 80 to 300 K. Specific heat at 290 to 300 K rapidly increasing; possible premelting effects. Value may be high.

Phase change data

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing
CAL - James S. Chickos, William E. Acree, Jr., Joel F. Liebman, Students of Chem 202 (Introduction to the Literature of Chemistry), University of Missouri -- St. Louis

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tboil664.5KN/AWeast and Grasselli, 1989BS
Tboil597.3KN/ATsakalotos, 1906Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 4. K; TRC
Tboil516.KN/AKrafft, 1883Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 6. K; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tfus324. ± 3.KAVGN/AAverage of 35 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Ttriple323.65KN/ADomanska and Wyrzykowska-Stankiewicz, 1991Crystal phase 1 phase; Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 1. K; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tc800. ± 8.KN/AAmbrose and Tsonopoulos, 1995 
Tc799.8KN/ANikitin, Pavlov, et al., 1994Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 3. K; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Pc9. ± 2.barN/AAmbrose and Tsonopoulos, 1995 
Pc8.66barN/ANikitin, Pavlov, et al., 1994Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.40 bar; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δvap121.9kJ/molCGCChickos and Hanshaw, 2004Based on data from 434. to 539. K.; AC
Δvap126.8 ± 0.4kJ/molCGCChickos, Webb, et al., 2002AC
Δvap125.7 ± 1.6kJ/molCGCNichols, Orf, et al., 2000AC
Δvap126.2 ± 2.3kJ/molCGCChickos and Wilson, 1997AC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δsub162. ± 12.kJ/molBPiacente, Pompili, et al., 1991AC

Reduced pressure boiling point

Tboil (K) Pressure (bar) Reference Comment
504.50.013Weast and Grasselli, 1989BS

Enthalpy of vaporization

ΔvapH (kJ/mol) Temperature (K) Method Reference Comment
105.1 ± 0.5353.N/ARazzouk, Naccoul, et al., 2009Based on data from 333. to 373. K.; AC
112.349.GCLee, Lai, et al., 2007Based on data from 334. to 452. K.; AC
92.6468.N/AMorgan and Kobayashi, 1994Based on data from 453. to 588. K.; AC
126. ± 2.405.TEPiacente, Fontana, et al., 1994Based on data from 386. to 425. K.; AC
95.2397.TE,ME,GSPiacente, Pompili, et al., 1991Based on data from 382. to 523. K.; AC
86.2 ± 4.6474.GSPiacente and Scardala, 1990Based on data from 451. to 497. K.; AC
111.2388.N/ASasse, Jose, et al., 1988Based on data from 373. to 463. K.; AC
86.6513.A,ESTStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 498. to 573. K. See also Kudchadker and Zwolinski, 1966.; AC

Antoine Equation Parameters

log10(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (bar)
    T = temperature (K)

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Temperature (K) A B C Reference Comment
457.0 to 659.65.73833463.273-55.121Stull, 1947Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.

Enthalpy of sublimation

ΔsubH (kJ/mol) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
164.9 ± 1.8315.Razzouk, Naccoul, et al., 2009Based on data from 308. to 323. K.; AC

Enthalpy of fusion

ΔfusH (kJ/mol) Temperature (K) Method Reference Comment
59.31324.1DSCHafsaoui and Mahmoud, 2007AC
53.8323.4DSCMondieig, Rajabalee, et al., 2004AC
54.89324.1N/ADomalski and Hearing, 1996AC
81.750322.0N/ASyunyaev, Tumanyan, et al., 1984Relative error in determination ± 5%.; DH

Entropy of fusion

ΔfusS (J/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
253.9322.0Syunyaev, Tumanyan, et al., 1984Relative; DH

Entropy of fusion

ΔfusS (J/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
97.42321.3Domalski and Hearing, 1996CAL
169.37324.1

Enthalpy of phase transition

ΔHtrs (kJ/mol) Temperature (K) Initial Phase Final Phase Reference Comment
31.500321.1crystaline, IIcrystaline, IBarbillon, Schuffenecker, et al., 1991DH
54.000323.5crystaline, IliquidBarbillon, Schuffenecker, et al., 1991DH
29.155321.0crystaline, IIcrystaline, IClaudy and Letoffe, 1991DH
54.370323.8crystaline, IliquidClaudy and Letoffe, 1991DH
27.680318.90crystaline, IIcrystaline, IDomanska and Wyrzykowska-Stankiewicz, 1991, 2DH
57.310323.65crystaline, IliquidDomanska and Wyrzykowska-Stankiewicz, 1991, 2DH
31.296321.35crystaline, IIcrystaline, ICompany, 1973DH
54.894323.85crystaline, IliquidCompany, 1973DH
31.296321.25crystaline, IIcrystaline, ISchaerer, Busso, et al., 1955DH
54.894323.75crystaline, IliquidSchaerer, Busso, et al., 1955DH

Entropy of phase transition

ΔStrs (J/mol*K) Temperature (K) Initial Phase Final Phase Reference Comment
97.4321.35crystaline, IIcrystaline, ICompany, 1973DH
169.6323.85crystaline, IliquidCompany, 1973DH
97.4321.25crystaline, IIcrystaline, ISchaerer, Busso, et al., 1955DH
169.5323.75crystaline, IliquidSchaerer, Busso, et al., 1955DH

In addition to the Thermodynamics Research Center (TRC) data available from this site, much more physical and chemical property data is available from the following TRC products:


IR Spectrum

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Gas Phase Spectrum

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IR spectrum
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Additional Data

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Owner NIST Standard Reference Data Program
Collection (C) 2018 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce
on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
Origin Sadtler Research Labs Under US-EPA Contract
State gas

This IR spectrum is from the NIST/EPA Gas-Phase Infrared Database .


Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, IR Spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

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Mass spectrum
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Additional Data

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Due to licensing restrictions, this spectrum cannot be downloaded.

Owner NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center
Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce
on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
Origin Japan AIST/NIMC Database- Spectrum MS-NW-2437
NIST MS number 234324

All mass spectra in this site (plus many more) are available from the NIST/EPA/NIH Mass Spectral Library. Please see the following for information about the library and its accompanying search program.


Gas Chromatography

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Lee's RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-5MS382.35Chen, Keeran, et al., 200230. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, 40. C @ 1. min, 10. K/min; Tend: 310. C
CapillaryDB-5MS389.39Chen, Keeran, et al., 200230. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, 40. C @ 1. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 310. C
CapillaryDB-1402.5Johnson, Urso, et al., 199730. m/0.2 mm/0.25 μm, 50. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min, 300. C @ 5. min
CapillaryDB-1402.6Johnson, Urso, et al., 199730. m/0.2 mm/0.25 μm, 50. C @ 2. min, 5. K/min, 300. C @ 5. min

Lee's RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-5366.Fuentes, Font, et al., 2007Column length: 60. m; Program: not specified

References

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Parks, Moore, et al., 1949
Parks, G.S.; Moore, G.E.; Renquist, M.L.; Naylor, B.F.; McClaine, L.A.; Fujii, P.S.; Hatton, J.A., Thermal data on organic compounds. XXV. Some heat capacity, entropy and free energy data for nine hydrocarbons of high molecular weight, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1949, 71, 3386-3389. [all data]

Grigor'ev and Andolenko, 1984
Grigor'ev, B.A.; Andolenko, R.A., Investigation of the isobaric heat capacity of n-paraffinic hydrocarbons at atmospheric pressure, Izv. Vyssh. Ucheb. Zaved., Neft i Gaz, 1984, (2), 60-62. [all data]

Atkinson, Larkin, et al., 1969
Atkinson, C.M.L.; Larkin, J.A.; Richardson, M.J., Enthalpy changes in molten n-alkanes and polyethylene, J. Chem. Thermodynam., 1969, 1, 435-445. [all data]

Hoehne, 1981
Hoehne, G.W.H., Transitions of n-alkanes above the melting point, Polym. Bull. (Berlin), 1981, 6, 41-46. [all data]

Weast and Grasselli, 1989
CRC Handbook of Data on Organic Compounds, 2nd Editon, Weast,R.C and Grasselli, J.G., ed(s)., CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 1989, 1. [all data]

Tsakalotos, 1906
Tsakalotos, D.E., C. R. Hebd. Seances Acad. Sci., 1906, 143, 1235. [all data]

Krafft, 1883
Krafft, F., Chem.-Ztg., 1883, 7, 153. [all data]

Domanska and Wyrzykowska-Stankiewicz, 1991
Domanska, U.; Wyrzykowska-Stankiewicz, D., Enthalpies of fusion and solid-solid transition of even-numbered paraffins docosane, hexacosane, octacosane and tetracosane, Thermochim. Acta, 1991, 179, 265-71. [all data]

Ambrose and Tsonopoulos, 1995
Ambrose, D.; Tsonopoulos, C., Vapor-Liquid Critical Properties of Elements and Compounds. 2. Normal Alkenes, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1995, 40, 531-546. [all data]

Nikitin, Pavlov, et al., 1994
Nikitin, E.D.; Pavlov, P.A.; Bessonova, N.V., Critical constants of n-alkanes with from 17 to 24 carbon atoms, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1994, 26, 177-82. [all data]

Chickos and Hanshaw, 2004
Chickos, James S.; Hanshaw, William, Vapor Pressures and Vaporization Enthalpies of the n -Alkanes from C 21 to C 30 at T = 298.15 K by Correlation Gas Chromatography, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 2004, 49, 1, 77-85, https://doi.org/10.1021/je0301747 . [all data]

Chickos, Webb, et al., 2002
Chickos, James S.; Webb, Paul; Nichols, Gary; Kiyobayashi, Tetsu; Cheng, Pei-Chao; Scott, Lawrence, The enthalpy of vaporization and sublimation of corannulene, coronene, and perylene at T= 298.15 K, The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 2002, 34, 8, 1195-1206, https://doi.org/10.1006/jcht.2002.0977 . [all data]

Nichols, Orf, et al., 2000
Nichols, Gary; Orf, Jennifer; Reiter, Sarah M.; Chickos, James; Gokel, George W., The vaporization enthalpies of some crown and polyethers by correlation gas chromatography, Thermochimica Acta, 2000, 346, 1-2, 15-28, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-6031(99)00405-0 . [all data]

Chickos and Wilson, 1997
Chickos, James S.; Wilson, Joe A., Vaporization Enthalpies at 298.15 K of the n -Alkanes from C 21 to C 28 and C 30, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1997, 42, 1, 190-197, https://doi.org/10.1021/je960089h . [all data]

Piacente, Pompili, et al., 1991
Piacente, Vincenzo; Pompili, Tiziano; Scardala, Paolo; Ferro, Daniela, Temperature dependence of the vaporization enthalpies of n-alkanes from vapour-pressure measurements, The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 1991, 23, 4, 379-396, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9614(05)80092-8 . [all data]

Razzouk, Naccoul, et al., 2009
Razzouk, Antonio; Naccoul, Ramy Abou; Mokbel, Ilham; Saab, Joseph; Jose, Jacques, Vapor and Sublimation Pressures of Three Normal Alkanes: C 20 , C 24 , and C 28, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 2009, 54, 4, 1214-1219, https://doi.org/10.1021/je800534x . [all data]

Lee, Lai, et al., 2007
Lee, Ming-Jer; Lai, Cheng-Hai; Wang, Tzu-Bing; Lin, Ho-Mu, Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium of Mixtures Containing Adipic Acid, Glutaric Acid, Dimethyl Adipate, Dimethyl Glutarate, Methanol, and Water, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 2007, 52, 4, 1291-1296, https://doi.org/10.1021/je700027n . [all data]

Morgan and Kobayashi, 1994
Morgan, David L.; Kobayashi, Riki, Direct vapor pressure measurements of ten n-alkanes m the 10-C28 range, Fluid Phase Equilibria, 1994, 97, 211-242, https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-3812(94)85017-8 . [all data]

Piacente, Fontana, et al., 1994
Piacente, Vincenzo; Fontana, Danilo; Scardala, Paolo, Enthalpies of Vaporization of a Homologous Series of n-Alkanes Determined from Vapor Pressure Measurements, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1994, 39, 2, 231-237, https://doi.org/10.1021/je00014a009 . [all data]

Piacente and Scardala, 1990
Piacente, Vincenzo; Scardala, Paolo, Vaporization enthalpies and entropies of some n-alkanes, Thermochimica Acta, 1990, 159, 193-200, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(90)80108-B . [all data]

Sasse, Jose, et al., 1988
Sasse, Karim; Jose, Jacques; Merlin, Jean-Claude, A static apparatus for measurement of low vapor pressures. Experimental results on high molecular-weight hydrocarbons, Fluid Phase Equilibria, 1988, 42, 287-304, https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-3812(88)80065-7 . [all data]

Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw, Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2 . [all data]

Kudchadker and Zwolinski, 1966
Kudchadker, A.P.; Zwolinski, B.J., Vapor Pressure and Boiling Points of Normal Alkanes, C 21 to C 100 ., J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1966, 11, 2, 253-255, https://doi.org/10.1021/je60029a039 . [all data]

Stull, 1947
Stull, Daniel R., Vapor Pressure of Pure Substances. Organic and Inorganic Compounds, Ind. Eng. Chem., 1947, 39, 4, 517-540, https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50448a022 . [all data]

Hafsaoui and Mahmoud, 2007
Hafsaoui, S.L.; Mahmoud, R., Solid-liquid equilibria of binary systems containing n-tetracosane with naphthalene or dibenzofuran, J Therm Anal Calorim, 2007, 88, 2, 565-570, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-006-8084-2 . [all data]

Mondieig, Rajabalee, et al., 2004
Mondieig, D.; Rajabalee, F.; Metivaud, V.; Oonk, H.A.J.; Cuevas-Diarte, M.A., n -Alkane Binary Molecular Alloys, Chem. Mater., 2004, 16, 5, 786-798, https://doi.org/10.1021/cm031169p . [all data]

Domalski and Hearing, 1996
Domalski, Eugene S.; Hearing, Elizabeth D., Heat Capacities and Entropies of Organic Compounds in the Condensed Phase. Volume III, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1996, 25, 1, 1, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.555985 . [all data]

Syunyaev, Tumanyan, et al., 1984
Syunyaev, Z.I.; Tumanyan, B.P.; Kolesnikov, S.I.; Zhokhova, N.I., Some anomalies in melting points of binary mixtures of solid hydrocarbons, Zhur. Prikl. Khim. (Leningrad), 1984, 57, 666-669. [all data]

Barbillon, Schuffenecker, et al., 1991
Barbillon, P.; Schuffenecker, L.; Dellacherie, J.; Balesdent, D.; Dirande, M., Variation d'enthalpie subie de 260 K a 340 K par les n-paraffines, comprises entrel'octadecane et l'hexacosane, J. Chim. Phys. Phys.-Chim. Biol., 1991, 88, 91-113. [all data]

Claudy and Letoffe, 1991
Claudy, P.; Letoffe, J.M., Phase transitions in even n-alkanes CnH2n+2, n = 16-28. Characterization by differential calorimetric analysis and by thermooptical analysis. Effect of deuteration, Calorim. Anal. Therm., 1991, 22, 281-290. [all data]

Domanska and Wyrzykowska-Stankiewicz, 1991, 2
Domanska, U.; Wyrzykowska-Stankiewicz, D., Enthalpies of fusion and solid-solid transition of even-numbered paraffins docosane, hexacosane, octacosane and tetracosane, Thermochim. Acta, 1991, 179, 265-271. [all data]

Company, 1973
Company, J.C., Measurement and interpretation of crystallization equilibriums of heavy paraffin and aromatic hydrocarbon solutions, Chem. Eng. Sci., 1973, 28, 318-323. [all data]

Schaerer, Busso, et al., 1955
Schaerer, A.A.; Busso, C.J.; Smith, A.E.; Skinner, L.B., Properties of pure normal alkanes in the C17 to C36 range, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1955, 77, 2017-2019. [all data]

Chen, Keeran, et al., 2002
Chen, P.H.; Keeran, W.S.; Van Ausdale, W.A.; Schindler, D.R.; Roberts, D.W., Application of Lee retention indices to the confirmation of tentatively identified compounds from GC/MS analysis of environmental samples, Technical paper, Analytical Services Division, Environmental ScienceEngineering, Inc, PO Box 1703, Gainesville, FL 32602, 2002, 11. [all data]

Johnson, Urso, et al., 1997
Johnson, C.I.; Urso, A.; Geleta, L., Broad spectrum analysis of municipal and industrial effluents discharged into the Peace, Athabasca and Slave river basins: characterization of effluent samples, 1994 - Volume 1 of 2, Northern River Basins Study Project Report No. 121, Norther River Basins Study, Edmonton, Alberta, 1997, 27. [all data]

Fuentes, Font, et al., 2007
Fuentes, M.J.; Font, R.; Gomez-Rico, M.F.; Martin-Gullon, I., Pyrolysis and combustion of waste lubricant oil from diesel cars: Decomposition and pollutants, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 2007, 79, 1-2, 215-226, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2006.12.004 . [all data]


Notes

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References