Formic acid

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Gas phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DRB - Donald R. Burgess, Jr.
GT - Glushko Thermocenter, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfgas-90.49kcal/molCmGuthrie, 1974Heat of hydrolysis; ALS
Δfgas-90.58kcal/molN/ALebedeva, 1964Value computed using ΔfHliquid° value of -425.5±0.3 kj/mol from Lebedeva, 1964 and ΔvapH° value of 46.5 kj/mol from Guthrie, 1974.; DRB
Δfgas-90.6 ± 0.1kcal/molCcbLebedeva, 1964Value computed using ΔfHliquid° from Lebedeva, 1964 and ΔvapH° value of 11.1 kcal/mol from Konicek and Wadso, 1970.; DRB
Δfgas-90.42kcal/molN/ASinke, 1959Value computed using ΔfHliquid° value of -424.8±0.3 kj/mol from Sinke, 1959 and ΔvapH° value of 46.5 kj/mol from Guthrie, 1974.; DRB
Δfgas-90.5 ± 0.1kcal/molCcbSinke, 1959Value computed using ΔfHliquid° from Sinke, 1959 and ΔvapH° value of 11.1 kcal/mol from Konicek and Wadso, 1970.; DRB
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
gas59.44 ± 0.10cal/mol*KN/AMillikan R.C., 1957Other third-law S(298.15 K) value is 248.11(1.26) J/mol*K [ Halford J.O., 1942, Millikan R.C., 1957]. Please also see Waring W., 1952.; GT

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

Cp,gas (cal/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
7.94950.Chao J., 1986p=1 bar. Selected entropies and heat capacities are in close agreement with statistically calculated values [ Fukushima K., 1971] and value of S(298.15 K) calculated by ab initio method [ East A.L.L., 1997]. Maximum discrepancies with other statistical calculations [ Waring W., 1952, Green J.H.S., 1961, Gurvich, Veyts, et al., 1989] amount to 1.1-3.9 J/mol*K for S(T) and 3.0-5.9 J/mol*K for Cp(T). Please also see Chao J., 1978.; GT
7.992100.
8.344150.
9.042200.
10.41273.15
10.92 ± 0.02298.15
10.96300.
13.03400.
14.97500.
16.68600.
18.17700.
19.44800.
20.50900.
21.371000.
22.071100.
22.621200.
23.061300.
23.401400.
23.671500.

Condensed phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfliquid-101.60kcal/molCmGuthrie, 1974Heat of hydrolysis; ALS
Δfliquid-101.70 ± 0.07kcal/molCcbLebedeva, 1964ALS
Δfliquid-101.52 ± 0.06kcal/molCcbSinke, 1959ALS
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δcliquid-60.67 ± 0.07kcal/molCcbLebedeva, 1964Corresponding Δfliquid = -101.70 kcal/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections); ALS
Δcliquid-60.86 ± 0.06kcal/molCcbSinke, 1959Corresponding Δfliquid = -101.51 kcal/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections); ALS
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
liquid31.511cal/mol*KN/AStout and Fisher, 1941Includes 2.89 J/mol*K for zero-point entropy.; DH
liquid30.69cal/mol*KN/AParks, Kelley, et al., 1929Extrapolation below 90 K, 29.7 J/mol*K. Revision of previous data.; DH
liquid34.20cal/mol*KN/AGibson, Latimer, et al., 1920Used Berthelot's value, 10125 J/mol for H fusion. Extrapolation below 70 K, no details.; DH

Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid

Cp,liquid (cal/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
23.67298.15Stout and Fisher, 1941T = 15 to 300 K.; DH
23.45298.15Glagoleva and Chervov, 1936Temperature range: 298.15, 333.15, 353.15 K.; DH
23.90290.Radulescu and Jula, 1934DH
23.5291.5Gibson, Latimer, et al., 1920T = 71 to 292 K. Value is unsmoothed experimental datum.; DH
22.8298.von Reis, 1881T = 291 to 385 K.; DH

Reaction thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
B - John E. Bartmess
M - Michael M. Meot-Ner (Mautner) and Sharon G. Lias

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

Chlorine anion + Formic acid = (Chlorine anion • Formic acid)

By formula: Cl- + CH2O2 = (Cl- • CH2O2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr27.4 ± 2.0kcal/molTDAsFrench, Ikuta, et al., 1982gas phase; B,M
Δr27.7 ± 2.1kcal/molCIDTWalker and Sunderlin, 1999gas phase; B
Δr25.6 ± 2.0kcal/molIMRELarson and McMahon, 1984gas phase; B,M
Δr37.2 ± 2.0kcal/molTDAsYamdagni and Kebarle, 1971gas phase; In serious disagreement with other's values. Source of error not obvious.; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr24.5cal/mol*KPHPMSFrench, Ikuta, et al., 1982gas phase; M
Δr24.1cal/mol*KN/ALarson and McMahon, 1984, 2gas phase; switching reaction(Cl-)t-C4H9OH, Entropy change calculated or estimated; French, Ikuta, et al., 1982; M
Δr39.6cal/mol*KPHPMSYamdagni and Kebarle, 1971gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr20.1 ± 2.0kcal/molTDAsFrench, Ikuta, et al., 1982gas phase; B
Δr18.4 ± 2.0kcal/molIMRELarson and McMahon, 1984gas phase; B,M
Δr25.4 ± 2.0kcal/molTDAsYamdagni and Kebarle, 1971gas phase; In serious disagreement with other's values. Source of error not obvious.; B

HCO2 anion + Hydrogen cation = Formic acid

By formula: CHO2- + H+ = CH2O2

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr346.2 ± 1.2kcal/molD-EAKim, Bradforth, et al., 1995gas phase; dHacid(0K) = 344.67±0.62 kcal/mol; B
Δr345.3 ± 2.2kcal/molG+TSCaldwell, Renneboog, et al., 1989gas phase; B
Δr345.4 ± 2.2kcal/molG+TSFujio, McIver, et al., 1981gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B
Δr345.2 ± 2.9kcal/molG+TSCumming and Kebarle, 1978gas phase; B
Δr340.1 ± 4.6kcal/molEIAEMuftakhov, Vasil'ev, et al., 1999gas phase; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr339.2 ± 1.5kcal/molH-TSKim, Bradforth, et al., 1995gas phase; dHacid(0K) = 344.67±0.62 kcal/mol; B
Δr338.3 ± 2.0kcal/molIMRECaldwell, Renneboog, et al., 1989gas phase; B
Δr338.4 ± 2.0kcal/molIMREFujio, McIver, et al., 1981gas phase; value altered from reference due to change in acidity scale; B
Δr338.2 ± 2.0kcal/molIMRECumming and Kebarle, 1978gas phase; B

Fluorine anion + Formic acid = (Fluorine anion • Formic acid)

By formula: F- + CH2O2 = (F- • CH2O2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr45.3 ± 2.0kcal/molIMRELarson and McMahon, 1983gas phase; These relative affinities are ca. 10 kcal/mol weaker than threshold values (see Wenthold and Squires, 1995) for donors greater than ca. 27 kcal/mol in free energy. This discrepancy has not yet been resolved, though the stronger value appears preferable.; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr24.2cal/mol*KN/ALarson and McMahon, 1983gas phase; switching reaction(F-)H2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Arshadi, Yamdagni, et al., 1970; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr38.1 ± 2.0kcal/molIMRELarson and McMahon, 1983gas phase; These relative affinities are ca. 10 kcal/mol weaker than threshold values (see Wenthold and Squires, 1995) for donors greater than ca. 27 kcal/mol in free energy. This discrepancy has not yet been resolved, though the stronger value appears preferable.; B,M

CH5O+ + Formic acid = (CH5O+ • Formic acid)

By formula: CH5O+ + CH2O2 = (CH5O+ • CH2O2)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds of the type OH-O between organics

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr32.0kcal/molICRLarson and McMahon, 1982gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2OH+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr27.7cal/mol*KN/ALarson and McMahon, 1982gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2OH+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr23.8kcal/molICRLarson and McMahon, 1982gas phase; switching reaction((CH3)2OH+)(CH3)2O, Entropy change calculated or estimated; Grimsrud and Kebarle, 1973, Lias, Liebman, et al., 1984, Keesee and Castleman, 1986; M

Iodide + Formic acid = (Iodide • Formic acid)

By formula: I- + CH2O2 = (I- • CH2O2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr18.9 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsCaldwell and Kebarle, 1984gas phase; B,M
Δr12.9 ± 2.1kcal/molCIDTWalker and Sunderlin, 1999gas phase; Authors suggest real value somewhere between this and Caldwell and Kebarle, 1984; B
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr20.7cal/mol*KPHPMSCaldwell and Kebarle, 1984gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr12.7 ± 1.0kcal/molTDAsCaldwell and Kebarle, 1984gas phase; B

(Chlorine anion • Formic acid) + Formic acid = (Chlorine anion • 2Formic acid)

By formula: (Cl- • CH2O2) + CH2O2 = (Cl- • 2CH2O2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr11.2 ± 2.1kcal/molCIDTWalker and Sunderlin, 1999gas phase; B
Δr34.1 ± 3.1kcal/molN/ALuczynski, Wlodek, et al., 1978gas phase; Buffer gas: H2. Value too bound based on French, Ikuta, et al., 1982, by Grimsrud fractionation factor ( Williamson, Knighton, et al., 1996).; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr55.cal/mol*KHPMSLuczynski, Wlodek, et al., 1978gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M

(Chlorine anion • 4Formic acid) + Formic acid = (Chlorine anion • 5Formic acid)

By formula: (Cl- • 4CH2O2) + CH2O2 = (Cl- • 5CH2O2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr10.1 ± 2.0kcal/molN/ALuczynski, Wlodek, et al., 1978gas phase; Buffer gas: H2. Value too bound based on French, Ikuta, et al., 1982, by Grimsrud fractionation factor ( Williamson, Knighton, et al., 1996).; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr11.5cal/mol*KHPMSLuczynski, Wlodek, et al., 1978gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M

(Chlorine anion • 2Formic acid) + Formic acid = (Chlorine anion • 3Formic acid)

By formula: (Cl- • 2CH2O2) + CH2O2 = (Cl- • 3CH2O2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr22.2 ± 2.7kcal/molN/ALuczynski, Wlodek, et al., 1978gas phase; Buffer gas: H2. Value too bound based on French, Ikuta, et al., 1982, by Grimsrud fractionation factor ( Williamson, Knighton, et al., 1996).; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr35.cal/mol*KHPMSLuczynski, Wlodek, et al., 1978gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M

HCO2 anion + Formic acid = (HCO2 anion • Formic acid)

By formula: CHO2- + CH2O2 = (CHO2- • CH2O2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr36.8 ± 1.0kcal/molN/AMeot-Ner and Sieck, 1986gas phase; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr39.1cal/mol*KPHPMSMeot-Ner and Sieck, 1986gas phase; large ΔrH, ΔrS,; cyclic structure? pyrolysis?; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr25.1 ± 1.6kcal/molTDAsMeot-Ner and Sieck, 1986gas phase; B

(HCO2 anion • 4Formic acid) + Formic acid = (HCO2 anion • 5Formic acid)

By formula: (CHO2- • 4CH2O2) + CH2O2 = (CHO2- • 5CH2O2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr10.1 ± 2.0kcal/molN/ALuczynski, Wlodek, et al., 1978gas phase; Buffer gas H2. There may be appreciable fractionation of neutral gases: Williamson, Knighton, et al., 1996; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr12.cal/mol*KHPMSLuczynski, Wlodek, et al., 1978gas phase; Entropy change is questionable; M

(Chlorine anion • 3Formic acid) + Formic acid = (Chlorine anion • 4Formic acid)

By formula: (Cl- • 3CH2O2) + CH2O2 = (Cl- • 4CH2O2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr14.1 ± 2.2kcal/molN/ALuczynski, Wlodek, et al., 1978gas phase; Buffer gas: H2. Value too bound based on French, Ikuta, et al., 1982, by Grimsrud fractionation factor ( Williamson, Knighton, et al., 1996).; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr20.cal/mol*KHPMSLuczynski, Wlodek, et al., 1978gas phase; M

(HCO2 anion • 3Formic acid) + Formic acid = (HCO2 anion • 4Formic acid)

By formula: (CHO2- • 3CH2O2) + CH2O2 = (CHO2- • 4CH2O2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr14.2 ± 2.1kcal/molN/ALuczynski, Wlodek, et al., 1978gas phase; Buffer gas H2. There may be appreciable fractionation of neutral gases: Williamson, Knighton, et al., 1996; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr21.5cal/mol*KHPMSLuczynski, Wlodek, et al., 1978gas phase; M

(HCO2 anion • 2Formic acid) + Formic acid = (HCO2 anion • 3Formic acid)

By formula: (CHO2- • 2CH2O2) + CH2O2 = (CHO2- • 3CH2O2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr20.0 ± 2.6kcal/molN/ALuczynski, Wlodek, et al., 1978gas phase; Buffer gas H2. There may be appreciable fractionation of neutral gases: Williamson, Knighton, et al., 1996; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr30.cal/mol*KHPMSLuczynski, Wlodek, et al., 1978gas phase; M

(HCO2 anion • Formic acid) + Formic acid = (HCO2 anion • 2Formic acid)

By formula: (CHO2- • CH2O2) + CH2O2 = (CHO2- • 2CH2O2)

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr26.1 ± 3.1kcal/molN/ALuczynski, Wlodek, et al., 1978gas phase; Buffer gas H2. There may be appreciable fractionation of neutral gases: Williamson, Knighton, et al., 1996; B,M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr34.cal/mol*KHPMSLuczynski, Wlodek, et al., 1978gas phase; M

CH6N+ + Formic acid = (CH6N+ • Formic acid)

By formula: CH6N+ + CH2O2 = (CH6N+ • CH2O2)

Bond type: Hydrogen bonds of the type NH+-O between organics

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr19.0kcal/molPHPMSMeot-Ner, 1984gas phase; M
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr24.2cal/mol*KPHPMSMeot-Ner, 1984gas phase; M

CH2NO5- + Water + Formic acid = CH4NO6-

By formula: CH2NO5- + H2O + CH2O2 = CH4NO6-

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr4.40 ± 0.20kcal/molIMREViidanoja, Reiner, et al., 2000gas phase; B

Bromine anion + Formic acid = CH2BrO2-

By formula: Br- + CH2O2 = CH2BrO2-

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr17.2 ± 1.7kcal/molCIDTWalker and Sunderlin, 1999gas phase; B

CH2IO2- + 2Formic acid = C2H4IO4-

By formula: CH2IO2- + 2CH2O2 = C2H4IO4-

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr10.0 ± 2.1kcal/molCIDTWalker and Sunderlin, 1999gas phase; B

NO3 anion + Formic acid = CH2NO5-

By formula: NO3- + CH2O2 = CH2NO5-

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr11.40 ± 0.20kcal/molIMREViidanoja, Reiner, et al., 1998gas phase; B

CH2BrO2- + 2Formic acid = C2H4BrO4-

By formula: CH2BrO2- + 2CH2O2 = C2H4BrO4-

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr9.6 ± 1.7kcal/molCIDTWalker and Sunderlin, 1999gas phase; B

Henry's Law data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Rolf Sander

Henry's Law constant (water solution)

kH(T) = H exp(d(ln(kH))/d(1/T) ((1/T) - 1/(298.15 K)))
H = Henry's law constant for solubility in water at 298.15 K (mol/(kg*bar))
d(ln(kH))/d(1/T) = Temperature dependence constant (K)

H (mol/(kg*bar)) d(ln(kH))/d(1/T) (K) Method Reference Comment
8900.6100.MN/A 
5200. CN/A 
5300.5700.QN/A 
5200. CN/A 
5400. CN/A 
5500. MN/A 
890. QN/A missing citation give several references for the Henry's law constants but don't assign them to specific species.
3700.5700.CN/A 
13000. MN/AThe value given here was measured at a liquid phase volume mixing ratio of 1 ppmv. missing citation found that the Henry's law constant changes at higher concentrations.
7600. XN/AValue given here as quoted by missing citation.
3500.5700.CN/A 
 5700.TN/A 
3700.5700.CN/A 
5600. TN/A 
3700.5700.TN/A 
6000. XN/AValue given here as quoted by missing citation.

Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Takehiko Shimanouchi

Symmetry:   Cs     Symmetry Number σ = 1


 Sym.   No   Approximate   Selected Freq.  Infrared   Raman   Comments 
 Species   type of mode   Value   Rating   Value  Phase  Value  Phase

a' 1 OH str 3570  D 3570 M gas
a' 2 CH str 2943  C 2942.8 M gas
a' 3 C=O str 1770  C 1770 VS gas
a' 4 CH bend 1387  C 1387 VW gas
a' 5 OH bend 1229  C 1229 W gas
a' 6 C-O str 1105  C 1105.3 S gas
a' 7 OCO deform 625  C 625 M gas
a 8 CH bend 1033  C 1033 W gas
a 9 Torsion 638  C 638 S gas

Source: Shimanouchi, 1972

Notes

VSVery strong
SStrong
MMedium
WWeak
VWVery weak
C3~6 cm-1 uncertainty
D6~15 cm-1 uncertainty

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Vibrational and/or electronic energy levels, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Guthrie, 1974
Guthrie, J.P., Hydration of carboxamides. Evaluation of the free energy change for addition of water to acetamide and formamide derivatives, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1974, 96, 3608-3615. [all data]

Lebedeva, 1964
Lebedeva, N.D., Heats of combustion of monocarboxylic acids, Russ. J. Phys. Chem. (Engl. Transl.), 1964, 38, 1435-1437. [all data]

Konicek and Wadso, 1970
Konicek, J.; Wadso, I., Enthalpies of vaporization of organic compounds. VII. Some carboxylic acids, Acta Chem. Scand., 1970, 24, 2612-26. [all data]

Sinke, 1959
Sinke, G.C., The heat of formation of formic acid, J. Phys. Chem., 1959, 63, 2063. [all data]

Millikan R.C., 1957
Millikan R.C., Infrared spectra and vibrational assignment of monomeric formic acid, J. Chem. Phys., 1957, 27, 1305-1308. [all data]

Halford J.O., 1942
Halford J.O., Entropy of the monomeric forms of formic acid and acetic acid, J. Chem. Phys., 1942, 10, 582-584. [all data]

Waring W., 1952
Waring W., Some thermodynamic properties of formic acid, Chem. Rev., 1952, 51, 171-183. [all data]

Chao J., 1986
Chao J., Thermodynamic properties of key organic oxygen compounds in the carbon range C1 to C4. Part 2. Ideal gas properties, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1986, 15, 1369-1436. [all data]

Fukushima K., 1971
Fukushima K., Normal coordinate treatment and thermodynamic properties of the cis-trans isomers of formic acid and its deutero-analog, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1971, 3, 553-562. [all data]

East A.L.L., 1997
East A.L.L., Ab initio statistical thermodynamical models for the computation of third-law entropies, J. Chem. Phys., 1997, 106, 6655-6674. [all data]

Green J.H.S., 1961
Green J.H.S., Thermodynamic properties of organic oxygen compounds. Part III. Formic acid, J. Chem. Soc., 1961, 2241-2242. [all data]

Gurvich, Veyts, et al., 1989
Gurvich, L.V.; Veyts, I.V.; Alcock, C.B., Thermodynamic Properties of Individual Substances, 4th ed.; Vols. 1 and 2, Hemisphere, New York, 1989. [all data]

Chao J., 1978
Chao J., Ideal gas thermodynamic properties of methanoic and ethanoic acids, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1978, 7, 363-377. [all data]

Stout and Fisher, 1941
Stout, J.W.; Fisher, L.H., The entropy of formic acid. The heat capacity from 15 to 300K. Heats of fusion and vaporization, J. Chem. Phys., 1941, 9, 163-168. [all data]

Parks, Kelley, et al., 1929
Parks, G.S.; Kelley, K.K.; Huffman, H.M., Thermal data on organic compounds. V. A revision of the entropies and free energies of nineteen organic compounds, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1929, 51, 1969-1973. [all data]

Gibson, Latimer, et al., 1920
Gibson, G.E.; Latimer, W.M.; Parks, G.S., Entropy changes at low temperatures. I. Formic acid and urea. A test of the third law of thermodynamics, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1920, 42, 1533-1542. [all data]

Glagoleva and Chervov, 1936
Glagoleva, A.A.; Chervov, S.I., Investigation of the heat capacity of formic acid and its aqueous solutions, Zhur. Obshch. Khim., 1936, 6, 685-690. [all data]

Radulescu and Jula, 1934
Radulescu, D.; Jula, O., Beiträge zur Bestimmung der Abstufung der Polarität des Aminstickstoffes in den organischen Verbindungen, Z. Phys. Chem., 1934, B26, 390-393. [all data]

von Reis, 1881
von Reis, M.A., Die specifische Wärme flüssiger organischer Verbindungen und ihre Beziehung zu deren Moleculargewicht, Ann. Physik [3], 1881, 13, 447-464. [all data]

French, Ikuta, et al., 1982
French, M.A.; Ikuta, S.; Kebarle, P., Hydrogen bonding of O-H and C-H hydrogen donors to Cl-. Results from mass spectrometric measurement of the ion-molecule equilibria RH + Cl- = RHCl-, Can. J. Chem., 1982, 60, 1907. [all data]

Walker and Sunderlin, 1999
Walker, B.W.; Sunderlin, L.S., The thermochemistry of formic acid halide anion clusters, Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 1999, 184, 2-3, 183-189, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1387-3806(99)00008-1 . [all data]

Larson and McMahon, 1984
Larson, J.W.; McMahon, T.B., Hydrogen bonding in gas phase anions. An experimental investigation of the interaction between chloride ion and bronsted acids from ICR chloride exchange equilibria, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1984, 106, 517. [all data]

Yamdagni and Kebarle, 1971
Yamdagni, R.; Kebarle, P., Hydrogen bonding energies to negative ions from gas phase measurements of ionic equilibria, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1971, 93, 7139. [all data]

Larson and McMahon, 1984, 2
Larson, J.W.; McMahon, T.B., Gas phase negative ion chemistry of alkylchloroformates, Can. J. Chem., 1984, 62, 675. [all data]

Kim, Bradforth, et al., 1995
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Notes

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