Acetic acid, pentyl ester

Data at NIST subscription sites:

NIST subscription sites provide data under the NIST Standard Reference Data Program, but require an annual fee to access. The purpose of the fee is to recover costs associated with the development of data collections included in such sites. Your institution may already be a subscriber. Follow the links above to find out more about the data in these sites and their terms of usage.


Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

Go To: Top, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Spectrum

Notice: This spectrum may be better viewed with a Javascript and HTML 5 enabled browser.

Mass spectrum
For Zoom
1.) Enter the desired X axis range (e.g., 100, 200)
2.) Check here for automatic Y scaling
3.) Press here to zoom

Additional Data

View image of digitized spectrum (can be printed in landscape orientation).

Due to licensing restrictions, this spectrum cannot be downloaded.

Owner NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center
Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce
on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
Origin Japan AIST/NIMC Database- Spectrum MS-NW- 59
NIST MS number 228635

All mass spectra in this site (plus many more) are available from the NIST/EPA/NIH Mass Spectral Library. Please see the following for information about the library and its accompanying search program.


Gas Chromatography

Go To: Top, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
CapillaryOV-1333.896.4Hu, Lu, et al., 2006 
CapillaryDB-180.887.63Mijin and Antonovic, 200630. m/0.256 mm/0.25 μm, N2
CapillaryDB-580.908.68Mijin and Antonovic, 200660. m/0.321 mm/0.25 μm, N2
PackedPMS-100090.867.Arutyunov, Kudryashov, et al., 2004N2, Chromaton N-AW-DMCS; Column length: 2. m
CapillarySE-54110.910.3Grigor'eva, Vasil'ev, et al., 198915. m/0.28 mm/2.5 μm, Ar
CapillarySE-54130.909.3Grigor'eva, Vasil'ev, et al., 198915. m/0.28 mm/2.5 μm, Ar
CapillarySE-54150.907.6Grigor'eva, Vasil'ev, et al., 198915. m/0.28 mm/2.5 μm, Ar
CapillarySE-30100.885.Haken and Korhonen, 1986N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.33 mm
CapillarySE-30120.867.Haken and Korhonen, 1986N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.33 mm
CapillarySE-30140.879.Haken and Korhonen, 1986N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.33 mm
CapillarySE-3080.912.Haken and Korhonen, 1986N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.33 mm
CapillarySE-30100.912.Haken, Madden, et al., 1983Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm
CapillaryOV-10180.896.5Komárek, Hornová, et al., 1982N2; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm
PackedApiezon L120.856.Bogoslovsky, Anvaer, et al., 1978Celite 545
PackedApiezon L160.868.Bogoslovsky, Anvaer, et al., 1978Celite 545
PackedApiezon L130.855.Bogoslovsky, Anvaer, et al., 1978 
PackedSE-30150.891.Haken, Ho, et al., 1975Column length: 3.7 m
PackedSE-30150.891.Ashes and Haken, 1974Celaton (62-72 mesh); Column length: 3.7 m
PackedSE-30100.893.Chastrette, Heintz, et al., 1974N2, Chromosorb W AW (60-80 mesh); Column length: 3. m
PackedSqualane50.848.Mira and Sanchez, 1970Chromosorb G
PackedSE-30100.899.Zarazir, Chovin, et al., 1970Chromosorb W; Column length: 2. m
PackedSE-30150.898.Germaine and Haken, 1969Celite 560; Column length: 3.7 m
PackedApiezon L130.855.Wehrli and Kováts, 1959Celite; Column length: 2.25 m
PackedApiezon L190.856.Wehrli and Kováts, 1959Celite; Column length: 2.25 m

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryCBP-1866.Shimadzu, 200325. m/0.2 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryBP-1893.Raina, Srivastava, et al., 200225. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 5. K/min, 220. C @ 15. min; Tstart: 60. C
CapillaryDB-1899.Takeoka, Buttery, et al., 199260. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 30. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; Tend: 210. C
CapillaryDB-1895.Takeoka, Buttery, et al., 199260. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 30. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; Tend: 210. C
CapillaryDB-1898.Takeoka, Buttery, et al., 199260. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 30. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; Tend: 210. C
CapillaryDB-1898.Takeoka, Buttery, et al., 199260. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 30. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; Tend: 210. C
CapillaryDB-1895.Takeoka, Flath, et al., 199060. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 30. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; Tend: 210. C
CapillaryDB-1898.Takeoka, Flath, et al., 199060. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 30. C @ 4. min, 2. K/min; Tend: 210. C
CapillaryOV-101903.Ohnishi and Shibamoto, 19842. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.23 mm; Tstart: 80. C; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryOV-101905.Ohnishi and Shibamoto, 19842. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.23 mm; Tstart: 80. C; Tend: 200. C

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillarySE-54919.Janzanntti, Franco, et al., 2000Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.21 mm; Program: 50C (10min) => 2C/min => 75C => 3C/min => 150C => 5C/min => 200C
CapillarySE-30891.Chretien and Dubois, 1978Program: not specified

Kovats' RI, polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
CapillaryOV-351100.1195.Haken and Korhonen, 1986N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillaryOV-351120.1182.Haken and Korhonen, 1986N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
CapillaryOV-351140.1212.Haken and Korhonen, 1986N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm
PackedCarbowax 20M100.1168.Chastrette, Heintz, et al., 1974Chromosorb WAW (60-80 mesh); Column length: 3. m
PackedCarbowax 20M100.1182.Zarazir, Chovin, et al., 1970Chromosorb W; Column length: 2. m

Kovats' RI, polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryCBP-201177.Shimadzu, 200325. m/0.2 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryDB-Wax1175.Tatsuka, Suekane, et al., 199060. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryDB-Wax1177.Tatsuka, Suekane, et al., 199060. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryBP-201196.Wyllie and Leach, 199070. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryCarbowax 20M1170.Buttery, Seifert, et al., 1982He, 1. K/min; Column length: 150. m; Column diameter: 0.64 mm; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 170. C
CapillaryCarbowax 20M1160.Spencer, Pangborn, et al., 1978N2, 3. K/min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.26 mm; Tstart: 70. C; Tend: 170. C

Kovats' RI, polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryCarbowax 20M1183.Garruti, Franco, et al., 2001H2; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Program: 50 0C (8 min) 4 K/min -> 110 0C 16 K/min -> 200 0C

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryCP Sil 5 CB859.Kafkas, Cabaroglu, et al., 200625. m/0.25 mm/0.4 μm, He, 5. K/min, 260. C @ 20. min; Tstart: 60. C
CapillarySPB-5916.Pino, Marbot, et al., 200430. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min
CapillarySPB-5904.Rodríguez-Burruezo, Kollmannsberger, et al., 200430. m/0.53 mm/1.5 μm, He, 5. K/min; Tstart: 100. C; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryHP-5MS916.Weissbecker, Holighaus, et al., 200430. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 1.5 min, 6. K/min, 200. C @ 5. min
CapillaryUltra-2914.Ceva-Antunes, Bizzo, et al., 200325. m/0.25 mm/0.33 μm, H2, 40. C @ 2. min, 3. K/min, 280. C @ 10. min
CapillaryCP Sil 5 CB893.Pino, Marbot, et al., 200150. m/0.32 mm/0.4 μm, He, 60. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 280. C @ 60. min
CapillaryDB-5926.Moio, Piombino, et al., 200030. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, H2, 3. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 210. C
CapillaryDB-5928.Komárek, Richter, et al., 1998He, 5.5 K/min; Column length: 20. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 350. C
CapillaryDB-1893.Bartelt, 199730. m/0.32 mm/5. μm, He, 35. C @ 1. min, 10. K/min; Tend: 270. C
CapillaryDB-5917.Guichard and Souty, 1988H2, 30. C @ 5. min, 1.5 K/min; Column length: 0.32 m; Column diameter: 1. mm; Tend: 180. C
CapillarySE-30892.Korhonen, 1984N2, 6. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.30 mm; Tstart: 50. C
CapillarySE-52918.de Pooter, Montens, et al., 1983He, 1. K/min; Column length: 150. m; Column diameter: 0.6 mm; Tstart: 10. C; Tend: 200. C
PackedSE-30896.van den Dool and Kratz, 1963Celite; Tstart: 75. C; Tend: 228. C

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-5912.Beaulieu and Grimm, 200130. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 50C (1min) => 5C/min => 100C => 10C/min => 250C (9min)
CapillaryHP-5916.Isidorov, Krajewska, et al., 200130. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 50C => 6C/min => 100C => 4C/min => 280C
CapillaryBPX-5906.Bauchot, Mottram, et al., 199850. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, He; Program: 0 0C (8 min) -> (1 min) -> 50 0C (2 min) 2.5 0C/min -> 100 0C 6 0C/min -> 250 0C
CapillarySE-52913.Mondello, Dugo, et al., 199560. m/0.32 mm/0.40 μm, He; Program: 45 C (6 min) 3 C/min -> 111 0C 2 C/min -> 160 C 3 C/min -> 300 C (15 min)

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-Wax Etr1152.Aubert and Chanforan, 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 3. min, 5. K/min, 250. C @ 15. min
CapillaryCP-Wax 52CB1176.Kourkoutas, Elmore, et al., 200660. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 4. K/min; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 250. C
CapillarySupelcowax-101193.Riu-Aumatell, Lopez-Tamames, et al., 200530. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 60. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min, 240. C @ 10. min
CapillaryDB-Wax1175.Aubert and Bourger, 200430. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, H2, 40. C @ 3. min, 3. K/min, 250. C @ 20. min
CapillaryZB-Wax1169.Ledauphin, Saint-Clair, et al., 200430. m/0.25 mm/0.15 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 5. K/min, 220. C @ 10. min
CapillaryAT-Wax1161.Pino, Marbot, et al., 200160. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 65. C @ 10. min, 2. K/min, 250. C @ 60. min
CapillaryCarbowax 20M1167.Mondello, Dugo, et al., 199560. m/0.32 mm/0.425 μm, He, 45. C @ 3. min, 3. K/min, 300. C @ 20. min
CapillaryDB-Wax1176.Sumitani, Suekane, et al., 1994He, 40. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryDB-Wax1179.Fröhlich, Duque, et al., 198930. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryDB-Wax1181.Fröhlich, Duque, et al., 198930. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 3. min, 4. K/min; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryCP-WAX 57CB1167.Salter L.J., Mottram D.S., et al., 198860. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryOV-3511152.Korhonen, 1984N2, 6. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Tstart: 50. C
PackedCarbowax 20M1169.van den Dool and Kratz, 1963Celite 545, 4.6 K/min; Tstart: 75. C; Tend: 228. C

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillarySupelcowax-101180.Bianchi, Careri, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(8min) => 4C/min => 60C => 6C/min => 160C => 20C/min => 200C(1min)
CapillaryDB-Wax1176.Mehinagic, Royer, et al., 200630. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He; Program: 40C => 5C/min => 60C(30min) => 5C/min => 240C
CapillaryDB-Wax1204.Campo, Ferreira, et al., 200530. m/0.32 mm/0.5 μm, H2; Program: 40C(5min) => 4C/min => 100C => 6C/min => 200C
CapillaryFFAP1162.Yasuhara, 198750. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 20C (5min) => 2C/min => 70C => 4C/min => 210C

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-160.893.Shimadzu, 2003, 260. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He
CapillaryDB-180.895.Shimadzu, 2003, 260. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He
PackedSE-3070.905.Yabumoto, Jennings, et al., 1977 

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-1880.Misharina T., 201150. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 8. K/min; Tstart: 60. C; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryHP-5 MS893.Raffo, Kelderer, et al., 200930. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min
CapillaryDB-5893.Xu, Fan, et al., 200730. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 250. C @ 5. min
CapillaryHP-5915.Isidorov, Purzynska, et al., 200630. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryHP-1910.Senatore, Napolitano, et al., 200430. m/0.25 mm/0.33 μm, He, 40. C @ 5. min, 2. K/min, 260. C @ 20. min
CapillaryBP-1859.Health Safety Executive, 200050. m/0.22 mm/0.75 μm, He, 5. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryHP-1897.Ong, Acree, et al., 19984. K/min; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Tstart: 35. C; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryHP-5911.Larsen and Frisvad, 199535. C @ 2. min, 6. K/min; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryDB-1890.Shiota, 199330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 3. min, 5. K/min; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryDB-1894.Shiota, 199330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 50. C @ 3. min, 5. K/min; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryOV-101895.Anker, Jurs, et al., 19902. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm; Tstart: 80. C; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryOV-101897.del Rosario, de Lumen, et al., 1984He, 0. C @ 1. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.31 mm; Tend: 225. C
CapillarySP 2100896.Labropoulos, Palmer, et al., 1982Helium, 10. K/min; Column length: 40. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 200. C
CapillarySE-30896.Dirinck, de Pooter, et al., 1981N2, 2. K/min; Column length: 200. m; Column diameter: 0.6 mm; Tstart: 20. C; Tend: 220. C
CapillarySE-30895.Heydanek and McGorrin, 1981He, 40. C @ 3. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.5 mm; Tend: 170. C

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxane with 5 % Ph groups916.Robinson, Adams, et al., 2012Program: not specified
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxane with 5 % Ph groups916.Robinson, Adams, et al., 2012Program: not specified
CapillaryBPX-5914.Ortiz, Echeverra, et al., 200930. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 70 0C (1 min) 3 0C/min -> 142 0C 5 0C/min -> 225 0C (10 min)
CapillaryBPX-5891.se Souza, Cardeal, et al., 200930. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: 35 0C (5 min) 3 0C/min -> 210 0C 40 0C/min -> 240 0C (10 min)
CapillaryBPX-5906.se Souza, Cardeal, et al., 200930. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, Helium; Program: not specified
CapillarySqualane891.Chen, 2008Program: not specified
CapillaryMethyl Silicone891.Chen and Feng, 2007Program: not specified
CapillaryLM-5919.Janzanntti, Franco, et al., 2007Helium; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Program: 50 0C (10 min) 2 oC/min -> 75 0C 3 0C/min -> 150 0C 5 0C/min -> 200 0C
CapillaryLM-5895.Janzanntti, Franco, et al., 2007Helium; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Program: not specified
CapillaryVB-5904.Karlshøj, Nielsen, et al., 200760. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He; Program: 35C(1min) => 4C/min => 175C => 10C/min => 260C
CapillarySE-30891.Liu, Liang, et al., 2007Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-5912.Beaulieu, 200560. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 50C => 5C/min => 100C => 15C/min => 250C (19C)
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxane with 5 % Ph groups916.Pino, Marbot, et al., 2005Program: not specified
CapillarySPB-5918.Crook, Boylston, et al., 200430. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 30C(3min) => 5C/min => 80C => 4C/min => 95C => 5C/min => 115C => 10C/min => 200C
CapillarySE-30895.Vinogradov, 2004Program: not specified
CapillaryMethyl Silicone891.N/AProgram: not specified
CapillaryMethyl Silicone896.Estrada and Gutierrez, 1999Program: not specified
CapillaryHP-1897.Ong, Acree, et al., 1998Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
CapillarySPB-1892.Flanagan, Streete, et al., 199760. m/0.53 mm/5. μm, He; Program: 40C(6min) => 5C/min => 80C => 10C/min => 200C
CapillarySPB-1892.Strete, Ruprah, et al., 199260. m/0.53 mm/5.0 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C (6 min) 5 0C/min -> 80 0C 10 0C/min -> 200 0C
CapillaryDB-1895.Takeoka, Flath, et al., 198830. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, H2; Program: 30C (2min) => 2C/min => 150C => 4C/min => 250C
CapillaryDB-1895.Takeoka, Flath, et al., 198830. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, H2; Program: 30C (2min) => 2C/min => 150C => 4C/min => 250C
CapillaryOV-101895.Shibamoto, 1987Program: not specified
CapillaryOV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc.898.Waggott and Davies, 1984Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified

Normal alkane RI, polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-Wax60.1192.Shimadzu, 2003, 250. m/0.32 mm/1. μm, He
PackedCarbowax 20M100.1169.Yabumoto, Jennings, et al., 1977 

Normal alkane RI, polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryCP-Wax 57 CB1150.Callejon, Morales, et al., 200850. m/0.25 mm/0.20 μm, Hydrogen, 35. C @ 5. min, 4. K/min, 150. C @ 17.5 min
CapillaryDB-Wax1161.Xu, Fan, et al., 200730. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 230. C @ 5. min
CapillaryDB-Wax1185.Fan and Qian, 200530. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm, N2, 40. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min, 230. C @ 5. min
CapillaryInnowax1176.Joichi, Yomogida, et al., 200560. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 5. K/min, 240. C @ 30. min; Tstart: 60. C
CapillaryDB-Wax1161.Rizzolo, Cambiaghi, et al., 200560. m/0.53 mm/1. μm, 50. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 180. C
CapillaryCarbowax 20M1173.Saura, LAencina, et al., 2003Helium, 50. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.70 mm; Tend: 280. C
CapillaryDB-Wax1172.Hayata, Sakamoto, et al., 200260. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 40. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 220. C @ 10. min
CapillaryTC-Wax1167.Shuichi, Masazumi, et al., 199680. C @ 5. min, 3. K/min; Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tend: 240. C
CapillaryDB-Wax1177.Young, Gilbert, et al., 199630. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, Hydrogen, 30. C @ 6. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 190. C
CapillarySupelcowax-101180.Girard and Lau, 199590. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 35. C @ 20. min, 2. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min
CapillaryCarbowax 20M1161.Anker, Jurs, et al., 19902. K/min; Column length: 80. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Tstart: 70. C; Tend: 170. C
CapillaryDB-Wax1174.Takeoka, Flath, et al., 198860. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, H2, 30. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min; Tend: 180. C
CapillaryDB-Wax1174.Takeoka, Flath, et al., 198860. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, H2, 30. C @ 2. min, 2. K/min; Tend: 180. C
CapillaryCarbowax 20M1222.Labropoulos, Palmer, et al., 1982Helium, 10. K/min; Column length: 31. m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm; Tstart: 40. C; Tend: 200. C

Normal alkane RI, polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryFFAP1161.Ortiz, Echeverra, et al., 200950. m/0.20 mm/0.33 μm, Helium; Program: 70 0C (1 min) 3 0C/min -> 142 0C 5 0C/min -> 225 0C (10 min)
CapillaryDB-Wax1159.Rowan, Hunt, et al., 200920. m/0.18 mm/0.18 μm, Helium; Program: 35 0C (1 min) 2.9 0C/min -> 100 0C 8 0C/min -> 200 0C (5 min)
CapillaryDB-Wax1159.Rowan, Hunt, et al., 2009, 220. m/0.18 mm/0.18 μm, Helium; Program: 35 0C (1 min) 2/9 0C/min -> 100 0C 8 0C/min -> 200 0C (5 min)
CapillaryDB-Wax1183.Valappil, Fan, et al., 200930. m/0.32 mm/0.50 μm, Helium; Program: 40 0C 7 0C/min -> 110 0C 15 0C/min -> 250 0C (3 min)
CapillaryFFAP1183.Lara, Echeverría, et al., 200750. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, He; Program: 70C(1min) => 3C/min => 142C => 5C/min => 225C (10min)
CapillaryFFAP1183.Lopez, Villatoro, et al., 200750. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, He; Program: 70C(1min) => 3C/min => 142C => 5C/min => 225C(10min)
CapillaryDB-Wax1174.Mattheis, Fan, et al., 200560. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 35C(5min) => 2C/min => 50C => 5C/min => 200C (5min)
CapillaryInnowax FSC1185.Baser, Özek, et al., 200460. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 60C(10min) => 4C/min => 220C(10min) => 1C/min => 240C
CapillaryFFAP1183.Echeverría, Correa, et al., 200450. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, He; Program: 70C(1min) => 3C/min => 142C => 5C/min => 225C(10min)
CapillaryBP-211180.Salinas, Zalacain, et al., 200450. m/0.22 mm/0.25 μm, He; Program: 50C => 2.5C/min => 180C(2min) => 1C/min => 200C(10min)
CapillaryCarbowax 20M1161.Vinogradov, 2004Program: not specified
CapillaryHP-FFAP1183.Echeverria, Fuentes, et al., 200350. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, He; Program: 70C(1min) => 3C/min => 142C => 5C/min => 225C (10min)
CapillaryPEG-20M1183.Garruti, Franco, et al., 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm; Program: 50C(8min) => 4C/min => 110C => 16C/min => 200C
CapillaryCarbowax 20M1177.Saura, LAencina, et al., 2003Helium; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.70 mm; Program: not specified
CapillaryFFAP1194.Lopez, Lavilla, et al., 200050. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, N2; Program: 70C(1min) => 3C/min => 142C(2min) => 25C/min => 230C(5min)
CapillaryCross-linked FFAP1194.Lavilla, Puy, et al., 199950. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, N2; Program: 70C(1min) => 3C/min => 142C (2min) => 25C/min => 230C(5min)
CapillaryFFAP1194.López, Lavilla, et al., 199850. m/0.2 mm/0.33 μm, N2; Program: 70C (1min) => 3C/min => 142C (2min) => 25C/min => 230C (5min)
CapillaryCarbowax 20M1161.Shibamoto, 1987Program: not specified
CapillaryCarbowax 400, Carbowax 20M, Carbowax 1540, Carbowax 4000, Superox 06, PEG 20M, etc.1169.Waggott and Davies, 1984Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
CapillaryCarbowax 20M1182.Ramsey and Flanagan, 1982Program: not specified

References

Go To: Top, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Hu, Lu, et al., 2006
Hu, X.-F.; Lu, C.-H.; Yin, C.-S., Modeling Gas Chromatographic Retention Indices of Oxygen-containing Compounds by Novel Atom-type Topological Indices, Chinese Journal of Chemical Physics, 2006, 19, 3, 243-247, https://doi.org/10.1360/cjcp2006.19(3).243.5 . [all data]

Mijin and Antonovic, 2006
Mijin, D.; Antonovic, D.G., The temperature dependence of the retention index for n-alkyl esters of acetic, propionic, cyclohexanecarboxylic, benzoic and phenylacetic acid on DB-1 and DB-5 capillary columns, J. Serb. Chem. Soc., 2006, 71, 6, 629-637, https://doi.org/10.2298/JSC0606629M . [all data]

Arutyunov, Kudryashov, et al., 2004
Arutyunov, Y.I.; Kudryashov, S.Y.; Onuchak, L.A., Analysis of Mixtures Containing Unknown Components by Gas Chromatography: Determination of Molecular Mass, J. Anal. Chem. USSR (Engl. Transl.), 2004, 59, 4, 358-365. [all data]

Grigor'eva, Vasil'ev, et al., 1989
Grigor'eva, D.N.; Vasil'ev, A.V.; Golovnya, R.V., Variation in retention indices and equivalent chain lengths of homologous series of n-alkyl acetates, n-alkyl methyl ketones, and methyl esters of aliphatic carboxylic acids as a function of homolog number and analysis temperature, Zh. Anal. Khim., 1989, 44, 1, 68-73. [all data]

Haken and Korhonen, 1986
Haken, J.K.; Korhonen, I.O.O., Gas chromatography of homologous esters. XXXII. Capillary chromatography of C1-C18 monochlorinated n-alkyl acetates, J. Chromatogr., 1986, 356, 79-94, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)91468-7 . [all data]

Haken, Madden, et al., 1983
Haken, J.K.; Madden, B.G.; Korhonen, I.O.O., Gas chromatography of homologous esters. XX. Capillary column studies of alkyl acetates, chloroacetates, dichloroacetates and trichloroacetates, J. Chromatogr., 1983, 256, 221-229, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)88235-2 . [all data]

Komárek, Hornová, et al., 1982
Komárek, K.; Hornová, L.; Churácek, J., Glass capillary gas chromatography of homologous series of esters. Separation of homologous series of esters of halogenated carboxylic acids on a glass capillary column with the non-polar stationary silicone phase OV-101, J. Chromatogr., 1982, 244, 1, 142-147, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)80131-4 . [all data]

Bogoslovsky, Anvaer, et al., 1978
Bogoslovsky, Yu.N.; Anvaer, B.I.; Vigdergauz, M.S., Chromatographic constants in gas chromatography (in Russian), Standards Publ. House, Moscow, 1978, 192. [all data]

Haken, Ho, et al., 1975
Haken, J.K.; Ho, D.K.M.; Vaughan, C.E., Gas chromatography of homologous esters. VII. The retention behaviour of pyruvate esters and related carbonyl and carboxyl compounds, J. Chromatogr., 1975, 106, 2, 317-325, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)93839-1 . [all data]

Ashes and Haken, 1974
Ashes, J.R.; Haken, J.K., Gas chromatography of homologous esters. VI. Structure-retention increments of aliphatic esters, J. Chromatogr., 1974, 101, 1, 103-123, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)94737-5 . [all data]

Chastrette, Heintz, et al., 1974
Chastrette, M.; Heintz, M.; Druilhe, A.; Lefort, D., Analyse chromatographique d'esters aliphatiques saturés. Relations rétention-structure et prévision de la rétention, Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr., 1974, 9/10,Pt.1, 1852-1856. [all data]

Mira and Sanchez, 1970
Mira, J.M.; Sanchez, L.G., Polarity of the Gas Chromatographic Stationary Phases and Retention Indices of Aliphatic Esters, Ketones and Alcohols, Anal. Chim. Acta., 1970, 50, 2, 315-321, https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2670(70)80071-X . [all data]

Zarazir, Chovin, et al., 1970
Zarazir, D.; Chovin, P.; Guiochon, G., Identification of hydroxylic compounds and their derivatives by gas chromatography, Chromatographia, 1970, 3, 4, 180-195, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02269018 . [all data]

Germaine and Haken, 1969
Germaine, R.W.; Haken, J.K., Gas chromatography of homologous esters. Part 1. Simple aliphatic esters, J. Chromatogr., 1969, 43, 33-42, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)99162-3 . [all data]

Wehrli and Kováts, 1959
Wehrli, A.; Kováts, E., Gas-chromatographische Charakterisierung ogranischer Verbindungen. Teil 3: Berechnung der Retentionsindices aliphatischer, alicyclischer und aromatischer Verbindungen, Helv. Chim. Acta, 1959, 7, 7, 2709-2736, https://doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19590420745 . [all data]

Shimadzu, 2003
Shimadzu, Gas chromatography analysis of organic solvents using capillary columns (No. 2), 2003, retrieved from http://www.shimadzu.com/apps/form.cfm. [all data]

Raina, Srivastava, et al., 2002
Raina, V.K.; Srivastava, S.K.; Syamasunder, K.V., The essential oil of 'greater galangal' [Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd.] from the lower Himalayan region of India, Flavour Fragr. J., 2002, 17, 5, 358-360, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1105 . [all data]

Takeoka, Buttery, et al., 1992
Takeoka, G.R.; Buttery, R.G.; Flath, R.A., Volatile constituents of Asian pear (Pyrus serotina), J. Agric. Food Chem., 1992, 40, 10, 1925-1929, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00022a040 . [all data]

Takeoka, Flath, et al., 1990
Takeoka, G.R.; Flath, R.A.; Mon, T.R.; Teranishi, R.; Guentert, M., Volatile Constituents of Apricot (Prunus armeniaca), J. Agric. Food Chem., 1990, 38, 2, 471-477, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00092a031 . [all data]

Ohnishi and Shibamoto, 1984
Ohnishi, S.; Shibamoto, T., Volatile compounds from heated beef fat and beef fat with glycine, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1984, 32, 5, 987-992, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00125a008 . [all data]

Janzanntti, Franco, et al., 2000
Janzanntti, N.S.; Franco, M.R.B.; Lanças, F.M., Identificação de compostos voláteis de maçãs (Malus domestica) cultivar fuji, por cromatografia gasosa-espectrometria de massas, Cienc. Tecnol. Aliment., 2000, 20, 2, 164-171, retrieved from http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sciarttextpid=S0101-20612000000200007lng=ptnrm=iso. [all data]

Chretien and Dubois, 1978
Chretien, J.R.; Dubois, J-E., Topological Analysis: A Technique for the Physico-Chemical Exploitation of Retention Data in Gas-Liquid Chromatography, J. Chromatogr., 1978, 158, 43-56, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)89954-9 . [all data]

Tatsuka, Suekane, et al., 1990
Tatsuka, K.; Suekane, S.; Sakai, Y.; Sumitani, H., Volatile constituents of kiwi fruit flowers: simultaneous distillation and extraction versus headspace sampling, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1990, 38, 12, 2176-2180, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00102a015 . [all data]

Wyllie and Leach, 1990
Wyllie, S.G.; Leach, D.N., Aroma volatiles of Cucumis melo cv. golden crispy, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1990, 38, 11, 2042-2044, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00101a008 . [all data]

Buttery, Seifert, et al., 1982
Buttery, R.G.; Seifert, R.M.; Ling, L.C.; Soderstrom, E.L.; Ogawa, J.M.; Turnbaugh, J.G., Additional aroma components of honeydew melon, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1982, 30, 6, 1208-1211, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00114a051 . [all data]

Spencer, Pangborn, et al., 1978
Spencer, M.D.; Pangborn, R.M.; Jennings, W.G., Gas chromatographic and sensory analysis of volatiles from cling peaches, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1978, 26, 3, 725-732, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60217a052 . [all data]

Garruti, Franco, et al., 2001
Garruti, D.S.; Franco, M.R.B.; da Silva, M.A.A.A.P.; Janzantti, N.S.; Alves, G.L., Compostos voláteis do sabor de pseudofrutos de cajueiro anão precoce (Anacardium occidentale L.) CCP-76, Boletim de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento 4, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Fortaleza, Brazil, 2001, 29, retrieved from http://www.cnpat.embrapa.br/publica/pub/BolPesq/pd4.pdf. [all data]

Kafkas, Cabaroglu, et al., 2006
Kafkas, E.; Cabaroglu, T.; Selli, S.; Bozdogan, A.; Kürkçüoglu, M.; Paydas, S.; Baser, K.H.C., Identification of volatile aroma compounds of strawberry wine using solid-phase microextraction techniques coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Flavour Fragr. J., 2006, 21, 1, 68-71, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1503 . [all data]

Pino, Marbot, et al., 2004
Pino, J.A.; Marbot, R.; Rosado, A.; Vázquez, C., Volatile constituents of Malay rose apple [Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. Perry], Flavour Fragr. J., 2004, 19, 1, 32-35, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1269 . [all data]

Rodríguez-Burruezo, Kollmannsberger, et al., 2004
Rodríguez-Burruezo, A.; Kollmannsberger, H.; Prohens, J.; Nitz, S.; Nuez, F., Analysis of the volatile aroma constituents of parental and hybrid clones of pepino (Solanum muricatum), J. Agric. Food Chem., 2004, 52, 18, 5663-5669, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf040107w . [all data]

Weissbecker, Holighaus, et al., 2004
Weissbecker, B.; Holighaus, G.; Schütz, S., Gas chromatography with mass spectrometric and electroantennographic detection: analysis of wood odorants by direct coupling of insect olfaction and mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. A, 2004, 1056, 1-2, 209-216, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2004.06.120 . [all data]

Ceva-Antunes, Bizzo, et al., 2003
Ceva-Antunes, P.M.N.; Bizzo, H.R.; Alves, S.M.; Antunes, O.A.C., Analysis of volatile compounds of taperebá (Spondias mombin L.) and Cajá (Spondias mombin L.) by simultaneous distillation and extraction (SDE) and solid phase microextraction (SPME), J. Agric. Food Chem., 2003, 51, 5, 1387-1392, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf025873m . [all data]

Pino, Marbot, et al., 2001
Pino, J.A.; Marbot, R.; Vázquez, C., Characterization of volatiles in strawberry guava (Psidium cattleianum Sabine) fruit, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2001, 49, 12, 5883-5887, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf010414r . [all data]

Moio, Piombino, et al., 2000
Moio, L.; Piombino, P.; Addeo, F., Odour-impact compounds of Gorgonzola cheese, J. Dairy Res., 2000, 67, 2, 273-285, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022029900004106 . [all data]

Komárek, Richter, et al., 1998
Komárek, K.; Richter, P.; Hoffmann, J., Capillary gas chromatography of n-butyl and isobutyl-, n-amyl and isoamyl polyethylene glycol ethers and their derivatives, J. Chromatogr. A, 1998, 800, 2, 305-315, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(97)01144-8 . [all data]

Bartelt, 1997
Bartelt, R.J., Calibration of a commercial solid-phase microextraction device for measuring headspace concentrations of organic volatiles, Anal. Chem., 1997, 69, 3, 364-372, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac960820n . [all data]

Guichard and Souty, 1988
Guichard, E.; Souty, M., Comparison of the relative quantities of aroma compounds found in fresh apricot (Prunus armeniaca) from six different varieties, Z. Lebensm. Unters. Forsch., 1988, 186, 4, 301-307, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01027031 . [all data]

Korhonen, 1984
Korhonen, I.O.O., Gas-Liquid Chromatographic Analyses. XXVI. Separation of Unsaturated Alcohols and Their Acetyl and Haloacetyl Derivatives on Capillary Columns Coated with SE-30 and OV-351, J. Chromatogr., 1984, 288, 329-346, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)93710-0 . [all data]

de Pooter, Montens, et al., 1983
de Pooter, H.L.; Montens, J.P.; Willaert, G.A.; Dirinck, P.J.; Schamp, N.M., Treatment of golden delicious apples with aldehydes and carboxylic acids: effect on the headspace composition, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1983, 31, 4, 813-818, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00118a034 . [all data]

van den Dool and Kratz, 1963
van den Dool, H.; Kratz, P. Dec., A generalization of the retention index system including linear temperature programmed gas-liquid partition chromatography, J. Chromatogr., 1963, 11, 463-471, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)80947-X . [all data]

Beaulieu and Grimm, 2001
Beaulieu, J.C.; Grimm, C.C., Identification of volatile compounds in cantaloupe at various developmental stages using solid phase microextraction, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2001, 49, 3, 1345-1352, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0005768 . [all data]

Isidorov, Krajewska, et al., 2001
Isidorov, V.A.; Krajewska, U.; Dubis, E.N.; Jdanova, M.A., Partition coefficients of alkyl aromatic hydrocarbons and esters in a hexane-acetonitrile system, J. Chromatogr. A, 2001, 923, 1-2, 127-136, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)00929-3 . [all data]

Bauchot, Mottram, et al., 1998
Bauchot, A.D.; Mottram, D.S.; Dodson, A.T.; John, P., Effect of aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase antisense gene on the formation of volatile esters in cantaloupe charentais melon (Cv. Védrandais), J. Agric. Food Chem., 1998, 46, 11, 4787-4792, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf980692z . [all data]

Mondello, Dugo, et al., 1995
Mondello, L.; Dugo, P.; Basile, A.; Dugo, G., Interactive use of linear retention indices, on polar and apolar columns, with a MS-library for reliable identification of complex mixtures, J. Microcolumn Sep., 1995, 7, 6, 581-591, https://doi.org/10.1002/mcs.1220070605 . [all data]

Aubert and Chanforan, 2007
Aubert, C.; Chanforan, C., Postharvest Changes in Physicochemical Properties and Volatile Constituents of Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.). Characterization of 28 Cultivars, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2007, 55, 8, 3074-3082, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf063476w . [all data]

Kourkoutas, Elmore, et al., 2006
Kourkoutas, D.; Elmore, J.S.; Mottram, D.S., Comparison of the volatile compositions and flavour properties of cantaloupe, Galia and honeydew muskmelons, Food Chem., 2006, 97, 1, 95-102, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.03.026 . [all data]

Riu-Aumatell, Lopez-Tamames, et al., 2005
Riu-Aumatell, M.; Lopez-Tamames, E.; Buxaderas, S., Assessment of the Volatile Composition of Juices of Apricot, Peach, and Pear According to Two Pectolytic Treatments, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 53, 20, 7837-7843, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf051397z . [all data]

Aubert and Bourger, 2004
Aubert, C.; Bourger, N., Investigation of volatiles in charentais cantaloupe melons (Cucumis melo Var. cantalupensis). Characterization of aroma constituents in some cultivars, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2004, 52, 14, 4522-4528, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf049777s . [all data]

Ledauphin, Saint-Clair, et al., 2004
Ledauphin, J.; Saint-Clair, J.-F.; Lablanquie, O.; Guichard, H.; Founier, N.; Guichard, E.; Barillier, D., Identification of trace volatile compounds in freshly distilled calvados and cognac using preparative separations coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2004, 52, 16, 5124-5134, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf040052y . [all data]

Sumitani, Suekane, et al., 1994
Sumitani, H.; Suekane, S.; Nakatani, A.; Tatsuka, K., Changes in composition of volatile compounds in high pressure treated peach, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1994, 42, 3, 785-790, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00039a037 . [all data]

Fröhlich, Duque, et al., 1989
Fröhlich, O.; Duque, C.; Schreier, P., Volatile constituents of curuba (Passiflora mollissima) fruit, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1989, 37, 2, 421-425, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00086a033 . [all data]

Salter L.J., Mottram D.S., et al., 1988
Salter L.J.; Mottram D.S.; Whitfield, Volatile compounds produces in Maillard reactions involving glycine, ribose and phospholid, J. Sci. Food Agric., 1988, 46, 2, 227-242, https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740460211 . [all data]

Bianchi, Careri, et al., 2007
Bianchi, F.; Careri, M.; Mangia, A.; Musci, M., Retention indices in the analysis of food aroma volatile compounds in temperature-programmed gas chromatography: Database creation and evaluation of precision and robustness, J. Sep. Sci., 2007, 39, 4, 563-572, https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.200600393 . [all data]

Mehinagic, Royer, et al., 2006
Mehinagic, E.; Royer, G.; Symoneaux, R.; Jourjon, F.; Prost, C., Characterization of Odor-Active Volatiles in Apples: Influence of Cultivars and Maturity Stage, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2006, 54, 7, 2678-2687, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf052288n . [all data]

Campo, Ferreira, et al., 2005
Campo, E.; Ferreira, V.; Escudero, A.; Cacho, J., Prediction of the wine sensory properties related to grape variety from dynamic-headspace gas chromatography-olfactometry data, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 53, 14, 5682-5690, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf047870a . [all data]

Yasuhara, 1987
Yasuhara, A., Identification of Volatile Compounds in Poultry Manure by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, J. Chromatogr., 1987, 387, 371-378, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)94539-X . [all data]

Shimadzu, 2003, 2
Shimadzu, Gas chromatography analysis of organic solvents using capillary columns (No. 3), 2003, retrieved from http://www.shimadzu.com/apps/form.cfm. [all data]

Yabumoto, Jennings, et al., 1977
Yabumoto, K.; Jennings, W.G.; Yamaguchi, M., Gas chromatographic retention as identification criteria, Anal. Biochem., 1977, 78, 1, 244-251, https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(77)90029-X . [all data]

Misharina T., 2011
Misharina T., Headspace analysis of aroma compounds using porous adsorbents, Chemistry Chem. Technol., 2011, 5, 3, 347-354. [all data]

Raffo, Kelderer, et al., 2009
Raffo, A.; Kelderer, M.; Paoletti, F.; Zanella, A., Impact of innovative controlled atmosphere storage technologies and postharvest treatment on volatile compound production in Cv. Pinova apples, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2009, 57, 3, 915-923, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf802054y . [all data]

Xu, Fan, et al., 2007
Xu, Y.; Fan, W.; Qian, M.C., Characterization of Aroma Compounds in Apple Cider Using Solvent-Assisted Flavor Evaporation and Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2007, 55, 8, 3051-3057, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0631732 . [all data]

Isidorov, Purzynska, et al., 2006
Isidorov, V.; Purzynska, A.; Modzelewska, A.; Serowiecka, M., Distribution coefficients of aliphatic alcohols, carbonyl compounds and esters between air and Carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane fiber coating, Anal. Chim. Acta., 2006, 560, 1-2, 103-109, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2005.12.043 . [all data]

Senatore, Napolitano, et al., 2004
Senatore, F.; Napolitano, F.; Mohamed, M.A.-H.; Harris, P.J.C.; MnKeni, P.N.S.; Henderson, J., Antibacterial activity of Tagetes minuta L. (Asteraceae) essential oil with different chemical composition, Flavour Fragr. J., 2004, 19, 6, 574-578, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1358 . [all data]

Health Safety Executive, 2000
Health Safety Executive, MDHS 96 Volatile organic compounds in air - Laboratory method using pumed solid sorbent tubes, solvent desorption and gas chromatography in Methods for the Determination of Hazardous Substances (MDHS) guidance, Crown, Colegate, Norwich, 2000, 1-24, retrieved from http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/mdhs/pdfs/mdhs96.pdf. [all data]

Ong, Acree, et al., 1998
Ong, P.K.C.; Acree, T.E.; Lavin, E.H., Characterization of volatiles in rambutan fruit (Nephelium lappaceum L.), J. Agric. Food Chem., 1998, 46, 2, 611-615, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf970665t . [all data]

Larsen and Frisvad, 1995
Larsen, T.O.; Frisvad, J.C., Characterization of volatile metabolites from 47 Penicillium taxa, Mycol. Res., 1995, 99, 10, 1153-1166, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0953-7562(09)80271-2 . [all data]

Shiota, 1993
Shiota, H., New esteric components in the volatiles of banana fruit (Musa sapientum L.), J. Agric. Food Chem., 1993, 41, 11, 2056-2062, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00035a046 . [all data]

Anker, Jurs, et al., 1990
Anker, L.S.; Jurs, P.C.; Edwards, P.A., Quantitative structure-retention relationship studies of odor-active aliphatic compounds with oxygen-containing functional groups, Anal. Chem., 1990, 62, 24, 2676-2684, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00223a006 . [all data]

del Rosario, de Lumen, et al., 1984
del Rosario, R.; de Lumen, B.O.; Habu, T.; Flath, R.A.; Mon, T.R.; Teranishi, R., Comparison of headspace volatiles from winged beans and soybeans, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1984, 32, 5, 1011-1015, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00125a015 . [all data]

Labropoulos, Palmer, et al., 1982
Labropoulos, A.E.; Palmer, J.K.; Tao, P., Flavor evaluation and characterization of yogurt as affected by ultra-high temperature and vat processes, J. Dairy Sci., 1982, 65, 2, 191-196, https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(82)82176-0 . [all data]

Dirinck, de Pooter, et al., 1981
Dirinck, P.J.; de Pooter, H.L.; Willaert, G.A.; Schamp, N.M., Flavor quality of cultivated strawberries: the role of the sulfur compounds, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1981, 29, 2, 316-321, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00104a024 . [all data]

Heydanek and McGorrin, 1981
Heydanek, M.G.; McGorrin, R.J., Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy investigations on the flavor chemistry of oat groats, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1981, 29, 5, 950-954, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00107a016 . [all data]

Robinson, Adams, et al., 2012
Robinson, A.L.; Adams, D.O.; Boss, P.K.; Heymann, H.; Solomon, P.S.; Trengove, R.D., Influence of geographic origine on the sensory characteristics and wine composition of Vitus viniferas cv. Cabernet Sauvignon wines from Australia (Supplemental data), Am. J. Enol. Vitic., 2012, 64, 4, 467-476, https://doi.org/10.5344/ajev.2012.12023 . [all data]

Ortiz, Echeverra, et al., 2009
Ortiz, A.; Echeverra, G.; Graell, J.; Lara, I., Calcium dips enhance volatile emission of cold-stored Fuji Kiki-8 apples, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2009, 57, 11, 4931-4938, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf9003576 . [all data]

se Souza, Cardeal, et al., 2009
se Souza, P.P.; Cardeal, Z.DeL.; Augusti, R.; Morrison, P.; Marriott, P.J., Determination of volatile compounds in Brazilian distilled cachaca by using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography and effects of production pathways, J. Chromatogr. A., 2009, 1216, 14, 2881-2890, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2008.10.061 . [all data]

Chen, 2008
Chen, H.-F., Quantitative prediction of gas chromatography retention indices with support vector machines, radial basis neutral networks and multiple linear regression, Anal. Chim. Acta, 2008, 609, 1, 24-36, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2008.01.003 . [all data]

Chen and Feng, 2007
Chen, Y.; Feng, C., QSPR study on gas chromatography retention index of some organic pollutants, Comput. Appl. Chem. (China), 2007, 24, 10, 1404-1408. [all data]

Janzanntti, Franco, et al., 2007
Janzanntti, N.S.; Franco, M.R.B.; Lancas, F.M., Identificacao de compostos volateis de macas (Malus domestica) cultivar fuji, por chromatoghrafia gasosa-espectrometria de massas, 2007, retrieved from http://www.bibvirt.futuro.nsp.br/content/download/7005/56300/file/cta20u26.pdf. [all data]

Karlshøj, Nielsen, et al., 2007
Karlshøj, K.; Nielsen, P.V.; Larsen, T.O., Prediction of Penicillium expansum Spoilage and Patulin Concentration in Apples Used for Apple Juice Production by Electronic Nose Analysis, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2007, 55, 11, 4289-4298, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf070134x . [all data]

Liu, Liang, et al., 2007
Liu, F.; Liang, Y.; Cao, C.; Zhou, N., QSPR study of GC retention indices for saturated esters on seven stationary phases based on novel topological indices, Talanta, 2007, 72, 4, 1307-1315, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2007.01.038 . [all data]

Beaulieu, 2005
Beaulieu, J.C., Within-Season Volatile and Quality Differences in Stored Fresh-Cut Cantaloupe Cultivars, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 53, 22, 8679-8687, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf050241w . [all data]

Pino, Marbot, et al., 2005
Pino, J.A.; Marbot, R.; Rosado, A.; Vázquez, C., Volatile constituents of Malay rose apple [Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. Perry], Flavour Fragr. J., 2005, 20, 98-100. [all data]

Crook, Boylston, et al., 2004
Crook, L.R.; Boylston, T.D.; Glatz, B.A., Effect of gas environment and sorbate addition on flavor characteristics of irradiated apple cider during storage, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2004, 52, 23, 6997-7004, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf049454w . [all data]

Vinogradov, 2004
Vinogradov, B.A., Production, composition, properties and application of essential oils, 2004, retrieved from http://viness.narod.ru. [all data]

Estrada and Gutierrez, 1999
Estrada, E.; Gutierrez, Y., Modeling chromatographic parameters by a novel graph theoretical sub-structural approach, J. Chromatogr. A, 1999, 858, 2, 187-199, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(99)00808-0 . [all data]

Flanagan, Streete, et al., 1997
Flanagan, R.J.; Streete, P.J.; Ramsey, J.D., Volatile Substance Abuse, UNODC Technical Series, No 5, United Nations, Office on Drugs and Crime, Vienna International Centre, PO Box 500, A-1400 Vienna, Austria, 1997, 56, retrieved from http://www.odccp.org/pdf/technicalseries1997-01-011.pdf. [all data]

Strete, Ruprah, et al., 1992
Strete, P.J.; Ruprah, M.; Ramsey, J.D.; Flanagan, R.J., Detection and identification of volatile substances by headspace capillary gas chromatography to aid the diagnosis of acute poisoning, Analyst, 1992, 117, 7, 1111-1127, https://doi.org/10.1039/an9921701111 . [all data]

Takeoka, Flath, et al., 1988
Takeoka, G.R.; Flath, R.A.; Güntert, M.; Jennings, W., Nectarine volatiles: vacuum steam distillation versus headspace sampling, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1988, 36, 3, 553-560, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00081a037 . [all data]

Shibamoto, 1987
Shibamoto, T., Retention Indices in Essential Oil Analysis in Capillary Gas Chromatography in Essential Oil Analysis, Sandra, P.; Bicchi, C., ed(s)., Hutchig Verlag, Heidelberg, New York, 1987, 259-274. [all data]

Waggott and Davies, 1984
Waggott, A.; Davies, I.W., Identification of organic pollutants using linear temperature programmed retention indices (LTPRIs) - Part II, 1984, retrieved from http://dwi.defra.gov.uk/research/completed-research/reports/dwi0383.pdf. [all data]

Callejon, Morales, et al., 2008
Callejon, R.M.; Morales, M.L.; Ferreira, A.C.S.; Troncoso, A.M., Defining the typical aroma of sherry vinegar: sensory and chemical approach, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2008, 56, 17, 8086-8095, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf800903n . [all data]

Fan and Qian, 2005
Fan, W.; Qian, M.C., Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatography-Olfactometry Dilution Analysis of Young and Aged Chinese Yanghe Daqu Liquors, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 53, 20, 7931-7938, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf051011k . [all data]

Joichi, Yomogida, et al., 2005
Joichi, A.; Yomogida, K.; Awano, K.; Ueda, Y., Volatile components of tea-scented modern roses and ancient Chinese roses, Flavour Fragr. J., 2005, 20, 2, 152-157, https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1388 . [all data]

Rizzolo, Cambiaghi, et al., 2005
Rizzolo, A.; Cambiaghi, P.; Grassi, M.; Zerbini, P.E., Influence of 1-Methylcyclopropene and Storage Atmosphere on Changes in Volatile Compounds and Fruit Quality of Conference Pears, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 53, 25, 9781-9789, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf051339d . [all data]

Saura, LAencina, et al., 2003
Saura, D.; LAencina, J.; Perez-Lopez, A.J.; Lizama, V.; Carbonell-Barrachina, A.A., Aroma of canned peach halves acidified with clarified lemon juice, J. Food Sci., 2003, 68, 3, 1080-1085, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2003.tb08292.x . [all data]

Hayata, Sakamoto, et al., 2002
Hayata, Y.; Sakamoto, T.; Kozuka, H.; Sakamoto, K.; Osajima, Y., Analysis of aromatic volatile compounds in 'Miyabi' melon (Cucumis melo L.) using the Porapak Q column, J. Jpn. Soc. Hortic. Sci., 2002, 71, 4, 517-525, https://doi.org/10.2503/jjshs.71.517 . [all data]

Shuichi, Masazumi, et al., 1996
Shuichi, H.; Masazumi, N.; Hiromu, K.; Kiyoshi, F., Comparison of volatile compounds berween the crude drugs, Onji-tsutsu and Onji-niki, Nippon nogei kagaku kaishi, 1996, 70, 2, 151-160. [all data]

Young, Gilbert, et al., 1996
Young, H.; Gilbert, J.M.; Murray, S.H.; Ball, R.D., Causal effects of aroma compounds on Royal Gala apple flavours, J. Sci. Food Agric., 1996, 71, 3, 329-336, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0010(199607)71:3<329::AID-JSFA588>3.0.CO;2-8 . [all data]

Girard and Lau, 1995
Girard, B.; Lau, O.L., Effect of maturity and storage on quality and volatile production of 'Jonagold' apples, Food Res. Int., 1995, 28, 5, 465-471, https://doi.org/10.1016/0963-9969(96)81393-7 . [all data]

Rowan, Hunt, et al., 2009
Rowan, D.D.; Hunt, M.B.; Alspach, P.A.; Whitworth, C.J.; Oraguzie, N.C., Heriability and genetic and phenotypic correlations of apple (Malus x domestica) fruit volatiles in a genetically diverse breeding population, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2009, 57, 17, 7944-7952, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf901359r . [all data]

Rowan, Hunt, et al., 2009, 2
Rowan, D.D.; Hunt, M.B.; Dimouro A.; Alspach P.A.; Weskett R.; Volz, R.K.; Gardiner, S.E.; Chagne, D., Profiling fruit volatiles in the progeny of a Royal Gala x Granny Smith apple (Malus x domestica) cross, J. Agr. Food Chem., 2009, 57, 17, 7953-7961, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf901678v . [all data]

Valappil, Fan, et al., 2009
Valappil, Z.A.; Fan, X.; Zhang, H.Q.; Rouseff, R.L., Impact of thermal and nonthermal processing technologies on unfermented apple cider aroma vilatiles, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2009, 57, 3, 924-929, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf803142d . [all data]

Lara, Echeverría, et al., 2007
Lara, I.; Echeverría, G.; Graell, J.; López, M.L., Volatile Emission after Controlled Atmosphere Storage of Mondial Gala Apples (Malus domestica): Relationship to Some Involved Enzyme Activities, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2007, 55, 15, 6087-6095, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf070464h . [all data]

Lopez, Villatoro, et al., 2007
Lopez, M.L.; Villatoro, C.; Fuentes, T.; Graell, J.; Lara, I.; Echeverria, G., Volatile compounds, quality parameters and consumer acceptance of 'Pink Lady®' apples stored in different conditions, Postharvest Biol. Technol., 2007, 43, 1, 55-66, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2006.07.009 . [all data]

Mattheis, Fan, et al., 2005
Mattheis, J.P.; Fan, X.; Argenta, L.C., Interactive Responses of Gala Apple Fruit Volatile Production to Controlled Atmosphere Storage and Chemical Inhibition of Ethylene Action, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 53, 11, 4510-4516, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf050121o . [all data]

Baser, Özek, et al., 2004
Baser, K.H.C.; Özek, T.; Kirimer, N.; Deliorman, D.; Ergun, F., Composition of the essential oils of Galium aparine L. and Galium odoratum (L.) Scop. from Turkey, J. Essent. Oil Res., 2004, 16, 4, 305-307, https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2004.9698728 . [all data]

Echeverría, Correa, et al., 2004
Echeverría, G.; Correa, E.; Ruiz-Altisent, M.; Graell, J.; Puy, J.; López, L., Characterization of Fuji apples from different harvest dates and storage conditions from measurements of volatiles by gas chromatography and electronic nose, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2004, 52, 10, 3069-3076, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf035271i . [all data]

Salinas, Zalacain, et al., 2004
Salinas, M.; Zalacain, A.; Pardo, F.; Alonso, G.L., Stir bar sorptive extraction applied to volatile constituents evolution during Vitis vinifera ripening, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2004, 52, 15, 4821-4827, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf040040c . [all data]

Echeverria, Fuentes, et al., 2003
Echeverria, G.; Fuentes, M.T.; Graell, J.; Lopez, M.L., Relationships between volatile production, fruit quality and sensory evaluation of Fuji apples stored in different atmospheres by means of multivariate analysis, J. Sci. Food Agric., 2003, 84, 1, 5-20, https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.1554 . [all data]

Garruti, Franco, et al., 2003
Garruti, D.S.; Franco, M.R.B.; da Silva, M.A.A.P.; Janzantti, N.S.; Alves, G.L., Evaluation of volatile flavour compounds from cashew apple (Anacardium occidentale L) juice by the Osme gas chromatography/olfactometry technique, J. Sci. Food Agric., 2003, 83, 14, 1455-1462, https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.1560 . [all data]

Lopez, Lavilla, et al., 2000
Lopez, M.L.; Lavilla, M.T.; Recasens, I.; Graell, J.; Vendrell, M., Changes in aroma quality of 'Golden Delicious' apples after storage at different oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations, J. Sci. Food Agric., 2000, 80, 3, 311-324, https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0010(200002)80:3<311::AID-JSFA519>3.0.CO;2-F . [all data]

Lavilla, Puy, et al., 1999
Lavilla, T.; Puy, J.; López, M.L.; Recasens, I.; Vendrell, M., Relationships between volatile production, fruit quality, and sensory evaluation in Granny Smith apples stored in different controlled-atmosphere treatments by means of multivariate analysis, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1999, 47, 9, 3791-3803, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf990066h . [all data]

López, Lavilla, et al., 1998
López, M.L.; Lavilla, T.; Recasens, I.; Riba, M.; Vendrell, M., Influence of different oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations during storage on production of volatile compounds by Starking delicious apples, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1998, 46, 2, 634-643, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf9608938 . [all data]

Ramsey and Flanagan, 1982
Ramsey, J.D.; Flanagan, R.J., Detection and Identification of Volatile Organic Compounds in Blood by Headspace Gas Chromatography as an Aid to the Diagnosis of Solvent Abuse, J. Chromatogr., 1982, 240, 2, 423-444, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)99622-5 . [all data]


Notes

Go To: Top, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References