Pentane, 2,2-dimethyl-
- Formula: C7H16
- Molecular weight: 100.2019
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: CXOWYJMDMMMMJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 590-35-2
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript. - Other names: 2,2-Dimethylpentane
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Condensed phase thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔfH°liquid | -57.05 ± 0.32 | kcal/mol | Ccb | Prosen and Rossini, 1945 | ALS |
ΔfH°liquid | -57.9 ± 0.3 | kcal/mol | Ccb | Davies and Gilbert, 1941 | ALS |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔcH°liquid | -1147.85 ± 0.30 | kcal/mol | Ccb | Prosen and Rossini, 1945 | Corresponding ΔfHºliquid = -57.03 kcal/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections); ALS |
ΔcH°liquid | -1146.9 ± 0.3 | kcal/mol | Ccb | Davies and Gilbert, 1941 | Corresponding ΔfHºliquid = -58.02 kcal/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections); ALS |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
S°liquid | 71.771 | cal/mol*K | N/A | Huffman, Gross, et al., 1961 | DH |
S°liquid | 68.09 | cal/mol*K | N/A | Huffman, Parks, et al., 1930 | Extrapolation below 90 K, 64.10 J/mol*K.; DH |
Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid
Cp,liquid (cal/mol*K) | Temperature (K) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
52.849 | 298.15 | Huffman, Gross, et al., 1961 | T = 10 to 300 K.; DH |
51.89 | 294.1 | Huffman, Parks, et al., 1930 | T = 92 to 294 K. Value is unsmoothed experimental datum.; DH |
Phase change data
Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tboil | 352.3 ± 0.3 | K | AVG | N/A | Average of 48 out of 53 values; Individual data points |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Tfus | 149. ± 2. | K | AVG | N/A | Average of 20 out of 22 values; Individual data points |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Ttriple | 149.2 ± 0.9 | K | AVG | N/A | Average of 7 values; Individual data points |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Tc | 520.5 ± 0.5 | K | N/A | Daubert, 1996 | |
Tc | 520.44 | K | N/A | McMicking and Kay, 1965 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.4 K; TRC |
Tc | 520.85 | K | N/A | Edgar and Calingaert, 1929 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.5 K; measured by Keys and Kleinschmidt; TRC |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Pc | 27.3 ± 0.5 | atm | N/A | Daubert, 1996 | |
Pc | 27.367 | atm | N/A | McMicking and Kay, 1965 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.4000 atm; TRC |
Pc | 28.4000 | atm | N/A | Edgar and Calingaert, 1929 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.5000 atm; measured by Keys and Kleinschmidt; TRC |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
Vc | 0.416 | l/mol | N/A | Daubert, 1996 | |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ρc | 2.41 ± 0.05 | mol/l | N/A | Daubert, 1996 | |
ρc | 2.41 | mol/l | N/A | McMicking and Kay, 1965 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.05 mol/l; TRC |
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
ΔvapH° | 7.782 | kcal/mol | N/A | Majer and Svoboda, 1985 | |
ΔvapH° | 7.74 ± 0.02 | kcal/mol | C | Svoboda, 1998 | AC |
ΔvapH° | 7.74 ± 0.02 | kcal/mol | C | Osborne and Ginnings, 1947 | AC |
ΔvapH° | 7.70 ± 0.02 | kcal/mol | C | Osborne and Ginnings, 1947 | AC |
ΔvapH° | 7.749 | kcal/mol | C | Osborne and Ginnings, 1947, 2 | ALS |
Reduced pressure boiling point
Tboil (K) | Pressure (atm) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
351.2 | 0.978 | Aldrich Chemical Company Inc., 1990 | BS |
Enthalpy of vaporization
ΔvapH (kcal/mol) | Temperature (K) | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
6.986 | 352.4 | N/A | Majer and Svoboda, 1985 | |
7.60 ± 0.02 | 308. | C | Svoboda, 1998 | AC |
7.50 ± 0.02 | 315. | C | Svoboda, 1998 | AC |
7.41 ± 0.02 | 323. | C | Svoboda, 1998 | AC |
7.29 ± 0.02 | 330. | C | Svoboda, 1998 | AC |
7.19 ± 0.02 | 338. | C | Svoboda, 1998 | AC |
7.03 ± 0.02 | 348. | C | Svoboda, 1998 | AC |
6.88 ± 0.02 | 358. | C | Svoboda, 1998 | AC |
6.72 ± 0.02 | 368. | C | Svoboda, 1998 | AC |
7.93 | 292. | A | Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987 | Based on data from 277. to 354. K.; AC |
7.19 | 368. | A | Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987 | Based on data from 353. to 483. K.; AC |
7.84 | 300. | N/A | Forziati, Norris, et al., 1949 | Based on data from 285. to 353. K.; AC |
7.79 | 303. | MM | Willingham, Taylor, et al., 1945 | Based on data from 288. to 353. K.; AC |
Antoine Equation Parameters
log10(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
P = vapor pressure (atm)
T = temperature (K)
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Temperature (K) | A | B | C | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
288.47 to 353.20 | 3.93428 | 1190.298 | -49.807 | Williamham, Taylor, et al., 1945 |
Enthalpy of fusion
ΔfusH (kcal/mol) | Temperature (K) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
1.392 | 149.43 | Huffman, Gross, et al., 1961 | DH |
1.40 | 148.1 | Acree, 1991 | AC |
1.401 | 148.1 | Huffman, Parks, et al., 1930 | DH |
Entropy of fusion
ΔfusS (cal/mol*K) | Temperature (K) | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
9.316 | 149.43 | Huffman, Gross, et al., 1961 | DH |
9.460 | 148.1 | Huffman, Parks, et al., 1930 | DH |
Reaction thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.
Individual Reactions
By formula: H2 + C7H14 = C7H16
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -29.3 ± 0.1 | kcal/mol | Chyd | Rogers and Dejroongruang, 1989 | liquid phase; solvent: Cyclohexane |
ΔrH° | -29.29 ± 0.10 | kcal/mol | Chyd | Dolliver, Gresham, et al., 1937 | gas phase; Reanalyzed by Cox and Pilcher, 1970, Original value = -29.53 ± 0.15 kcal/mol; At 355 °K |
By formula: H2 + C7H14 = C7H16
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -27.29 ± 0.1 | kcal/mol | Chyd | Rogers and Dejroongruang, 1989 | liquid phase; solvent: Cyclohexane |
ΔrH° | -26.5 | kcal/mol | Chyd | Turner, Nettleton, et al., 1958 | liquid phase; solvent: Acetic acid |
By formula: H2 + C7H14 = C7H16
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -31.17 ± 0.1 | kcal/mol | Chyd | Rogers and Dejroongruang, 1989 | liquid phase; solvent: Cyclohexane |
ΔrH° | -30.8 | kcal/mol | Chyd | Turner, Nettleton, et al., 1958 | liquid phase; solvent: Acetic acid |
By formula: C7H16 = C7H16
Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔrH° | -3.42 ± 0.28 | kcal/mol | Ccb | Prosen and Rossini, 1941 | liquid phase; Heat of Isomerization |
ΔrH° | -4.45 ± 0.32 | kcal/mol | Ccb | Prosen and Rossini, 1941 | gas phase; Heat of Isomerization |
IR Spectrum
Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Gas Phase Spectrum
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Additional Data
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Owner | NIST Standard Reference Data Program Collection (C) 2018 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved. |
---|---|
Origin | NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center |
State | gas |
Instrument | HP-GC/MS/IRD |
Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Spectrum
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Additional Data
View image of digitized spectrum (can be printed in landscape orientation).
Due to licensing restrictions, this spectrum cannot be downloaded.
Owner | NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center Collection (C) 2014 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved. |
---|---|
NIST MS number | 1042 |
Gas Chromatography
Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director
Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal
Column type | Active phase | Temperature (C) | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | OV-101 | 40. | 622.4 | Chen, Liang, et al., 2001 | He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Capillary | OV-101 | 60. | 624.1 | Chen, Liang, et al., 2001 | He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Packed | C78, Branched paraffin | 130. | 627.7 | Dallos, Sisak, et al., 2000 | He; Column length: 3.3 m |
Capillary | Squalane | 100. | 626. | Heinzen, Soares, et al., 1999 | |
Capillary | OV-101 | 0. | 621. | Skrbic, 1997 | |
Packed | Squalane | 78.5 | 628.0 | Zhang and Lu, 1996 | |
Capillary | CP Sil 2 | 60. | 621.8 | Estel, Mohnke, et al., 1995 | 100. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm |
Capillary | DB-1 | 60. | 625.7 | Krupcik, Skacani, et al., 1994 | H2; Phase thickness: 0.25 μm |
Capillary | PONA | 60. | 625.6 | Krupcik, Skacani, et al., 1994 | H2; Phase thickness: 0.5 μm |
Capillary | PONA | 60. | 625.7 | Krupcik, Skacani, et al., 1994 | H2; Phase thickness: 0.5 μm |
Capillary | DB-1 | 60. | 625.6 | Krupcik, Skacani, et al., 1994 | H2; Phase thickness: 1. μm |
Capillary | OV-101 | 60. | 625.7 | Krupcik, Skacani, et al., 1994 | H2; Phase thickness: 0.2 μm |
Packed | C78, Branched paraffin | 130. | 627.9 | Reddy, Dutoit, et al., 1992 | Chromosorb G HP; Column length: 3.3 m |
Capillary | HP-1 | 60. | 625. | Zhang, Li, et al., 1992 | N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm |
Capillary | HP-1 | 60. | 626. | Zhang, Li, et al., 1992 | N2; Column length: 25. m; Column diameter: 0.20 mm |
Packed | Apolane | 130. | 628. | Dutoit, 1991 | Column length: 3.7 m |
Capillary | OV-1 | 45. | 624.8 | Guan, Kiraly, et al., 1989 | 25. m/0.31 mm/0.52 μm, He |
Capillary | OV-1 | 65. | 628.1 | Guan, Kiraly, et al., 1989 | 25. m/0.31 mm/0.52 μm, He |
Capillary | Squalane | 50. | 625.6 | Guan, Kiraly, et al., 1989 | 50. m/0.22 mm/0.21 μm, He |
Capillary | Squalane | 70. | 626.9 | Guan, Kiraly, et al., 1989 | 50. m/0.22 mm/0.21 μm, He |
Capillary | OV-101 | 40. | 626. | Laub and Purnell, 1988 | |
Capillary | OV-101 | 60. | 626. | Laub and Purnell, 1988 | |
Capillary | OV-101 | 80. | 627. | Laub and Purnell, 1988 | |
Capillary | Squalane | 50. | 625.6 | Lunskii and Paizanskaya, 1988 | He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm |
Capillary | Squalane | 70. | 626.9 | Lunskii and Paizanskaya, 1988 | He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm |
Capillary | OV-101 | 40. | 623.8 | Boneva and Dimov, 1986 | 100. m/0.27 mm/0.9 μm |
Capillary | OV-101 | 50. | 624.8 | Boneva and Dimov, 1986 | 100. m/0.27 mm/0.9 μm |
Capillary | OV-101 | 60. | 625.1 | Boneva and Dimov, 1986 | 100. m/0.27 mm/0.9 μm |
Capillary | OV-101 | 70. | 626.0 | Boneva and Dimov, 1986 | 100. m/0.27 mm/0.9 μm |
Capillary | OV-101 | 30. | 625. | Chien, Furio, et al., 1983 | |
Capillary | OV-101 | 40. | 626. | Chien, Furio, et al., 1983 | |
Capillary | OV-101 | 50. | 626. | Chien, Furio, et al., 1983 | |
Capillary | OV-101 | 60. | 626. | Chien, Furio, et al., 1983 | |
Capillary | OV-101 | 70. | 627. | Chien, Furio, et al., 1983 | |
Capillary | OV-101 | 80. | 627. | Chien, Furio, et al., 1983 | |
Capillary | OV-3 | 30. | 622.7 | Chien, Furio, et al., 1983, 2 | |
Capillary | OV-3 | 40. | 623.2 | Chien, Furio, et al., 1983, 2 | |
Capillary | OV-3 | 50. | 623.8 | Chien, Furio, et al., 1983, 2 | |
Capillary | OV-3 | 60. | 624.4 | Chien, Furio, et al., 1983, 2 | |
Capillary | OV-3 | 70. | 625.1 | Chien, Furio, et al., 1983, 2 | |
Capillary | OV-3 | 80. | 625.8 | Chien, Furio, et al., 1983, 2 | |
Capillary | DB-1 | 60. | 625.7 | Lubeck and Sutton, 1983 | Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.264 mm |
Capillary | DB-1 | 60. | 625.6 | Lubeck and Sutton, 1983 | 60. m/0.259 mm/1. μm |
Capillary | OV-1 | 50. | 625. | Anders, Scheller, et al., 1982 | Column length: 55. m; Column diameter: 0.21 mm |
Capillary | OV-101 | 50. | 625. | Johansen and Ettre, 1982 | 100. m/0.27 mm/0.20 μm |
Capillary | OV-101 | 50. | 625. | Johansen and Ettre, 1982 | 55. m/0.27 mm/0.9 μm |
Capillary | OV-1 | 50. | 626. | Johansen and Ettre, 1982 | 17.5 m/0.2 mm/0.15 μm |
Capillary | SE-30 | 50. | 626. | Johansen and Ettre, 1982 | 17.5 m/0.2 mm/0.15 μm |
Capillary | SF-96 | 50. | 624. | Johansen and Ettre, 1982 | 91.4 m/0.31 mm/0.20 μm |
Capillary | OV-1 | 30. | 623.4 | Chien, Kopecni, et al., 1981 | H2 |
Capillary | OV-1 | 40. | 624.6 | Chien, Kopecni, et al., 1981 | H2 |
Capillary | OV-1 | 50. | 625.7 | Chien, Kopecni, et al., 1981 | H2 |
Capillary | OV-1 | 60. | 627. | Chien, Kopecni, et al., 1981 | H2 |
Capillary | OV-1 | 70. | 628.3 | Chien, Kopecni, et al., 1981 | H2 |
Capillary | OV-1 | 80. | 629.7 | Chien, Kopecni, et al., 1981 | H2 |
Capillary | SE-30 | 30. | 627.2 | Chien, Kopecni, et al., 1981 | H2 |
Capillary | SE-30 | 40. | 626.5 | Chien, Kopecni, et al., 1981 | H2 |
Capillary | SE-30 | 50. | 625.6 | Chien, Kopecni, et al., 1981 | H2 |
Capillary | SE-30 | 60. | 625. | Chien, Kopecni, et al., 1981 | H2 |
Capillary | SE-30 | 70. | 624.1 | Chien, Kopecni, et al., 1981 | H2 |
Capillary | SE-30 | 80. | 623.1 | Chien, Kopecni, et al., 1981 | H2 |
Capillary | Squalane | 50. | 625. | Mitra, 1981 | N2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Capillary | Squalane | 50. | 626. | Mitra, 1981 | N2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Capillary | OV-1 | 60. | 624. | Nijs and Jacobs, 1981 | He; Column length: 150. m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm |
Packed | Triacontane | 70. | 625. | Castello and D'Amato, 1979 | He, Chromosorb W AW (60-80 mesh); Column length: 3. m |
Packed | Triacontane | 80. | 626. | Castello and D'Amato, 1979 | He, Chromosorb W AW (60-80 mesh); Column length: 3. m |
Packed | Squalane | 70. | 627. | Castello and D'Amato, 1979 | He, Chromosorb W AW (60-80 mesh); Column length: 3. m |
Packed | Squalane | 80. | 628. | Castello and D'Amato, 1979 | He, Chromosorb W AW (60-80 mesh); Column length: 3. m |
Packed | OV-1 | 80. | 627. | Dimov and Papazova, 1979 | Chromosorb W AW DMCS (80-100 mesh); Column length: 4. m |
Packed | SE-30 | 80. | 626. | Dimov and Papazova, 1979 | Chromosorb W AW DMCS (80-100 mesh); Column length: 4. m |
Capillary | Squalane | 60. | 626. | Chretien and Dubois, 1976 | |
Packed | Apolane | 70. | 624.2 | Riedo, Fritz, et al., 1976 | He, Chromosorb; Column length: 2.4 m |
Capillary | Squalane | 50. | 625. | Rijks, van den Berg, et al., 1974 | |
Capillary | Squalane | 50. | 625. | Rijks, van den Berg, et al., 1974 | |
Capillary | Squalane | 50. | 626. | Rijks, van den Berg, et al., 1974 | |
Capillary | Squalane | 50. | 626. | Rijks, van den Berg, et al., 1974 | |
Capillary | Squalane | 70. | 627. | Rijks, van den Berg, et al., 1974 | |
Capillary | Squalane | 50. | 626. | Rijks and Cramers, 1974 | N2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Capillary | Squalane | 70. | 627. | Rijks and Cramers, 1974 | N2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Packed | SF-96 | 100. | 629.7 | Castello, Berg, et al., 1973 | Chromosorb P(DMCS); Column length: 4. m |
Packed | SF-96 | 110. | 630.4 | Castello, Berg, et al., 1973 | Chromosorb P(DMCS); Column length: 4. m |
Packed | SF-96 | 120. | 631.7 | Castello, Berg, et al., 1973 | Chromosorb P(DMCS); Column length: 4. m |
Packed | SF-96 | 80. | 627.79 | Castello, Berg, et al., 1973 | Chromosorb P(DMCS); Column length: 4. m |
Packed | SF-96 | 90. | 628.51 | Castello, Berg, et al., 1973 | Chromosorb P(DMCS); Column length: 4. m |
Capillary | Vacuum Grease Oil (VM-4) | 35. | 621. | Sidorov, Petrova, et al., 1972 | |
Capillary | Vacuum Grease Oil (VM-4) | 45. | 622. | Sidorov, Petrova, et al., 1972 | |
Capillary | Vacuum Grease Oil (VM-4) | 50. | 623. | Sidorov, Petrova, et al., 1972 | |
Capillary | Vacuum Grease Oil (VM-4) | 58. | 623. | Sidorov, Petrova, et al., 1972 | |
Capillary | Vacuum Grease Oil (VM-4) | 68. | 624. | Sidorov, Petrova, et al., 1972 | |
Capillary | Squalane | 70. | 625.8 | Dimov and Schopov, 1971 | Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Packed | SE-30 | 80. | 622. | Mitra and Saha, 1970 | N2 |
Packed | Squalane | 25. | 625. | Mitra and Saha, 1970 | N2 |
Packed | Squalane | 80. | 626. | Mitra and Saha, 1970 | N2 |
Capillary | Squalane | 40. | 626. | Matukuma, 1969 | N2; Column length: 91.4 m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Capillary | Squalane | 40. | 673. | Matukuma, 1969 | N2; Column length: 91.4 m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Packed | Squalane | 27. | 624. | Hively and Hinton, 1968 | He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Packed | Squalane | 49. | 626. | Hively and Hinton, 1968 | He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Packed | Squalane | 67. | 627. | Hively and Hinton, 1968 | He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Packed | Squalane | 86. | 628. | Hively and Hinton, 1968 | He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Packed | Squalane | 30. | 624.5 | Tourres, 1967 | H2; Column length: 10. m |
Packed | Squalane | 50. | 626. | Tourres, 1967 | H2; Column length: 10. m |
Capillary | Squalane | 30. | 624. | Tourres, 1967, 2 | H2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Capillary | Squalane | 50. | 625. | Tourres, 1967, 2 | H2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Capillary | Squalane | 70. | 627. | Tourres, 1967, 2 | H2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Packed | Squalane | 30. | 625. | Evans, 1966 | Untreated celite; Column length: 1.8 m |
Packed | Squalane | 40. | 625. | Evans, 1966 | Untreated celite; Column length: 1.8 m |
Packed | Squalane | 55. | 626. | Evans, 1966 | Untreated celite; Column length: 1.8 m |
Packed | Squalane | 70. | 626. | Evans, 1966 | Untreated celite; Column length: 1.8 m |
Packed | Squalane | 26. | 625. | Zulaïca and Guiochon, 1966 | Column length: 10. m |
Kovats' RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | OV-101 | 618. | Hayes and Pitzer, 1982 | 110. m/0.25 mm/0.20 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 35. C; Tend: 200. C |
Capillary | Apiezon L | 620. | Louis, 1971 | N2, 1. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tstart: 60. C |
Kovats' RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | Petrocol DH-100 | 624.25 | Haagen-Smit Laboratory, 1997 | He; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Program: 5C(10min) => 5C/min => 50C(48min) => 1.5C/min => 195C(91min) |
Capillary | DB-1 | 628. | Hoekman, 1993 | 60. m/0.32 mm/1.0 μm, He; Program: -40 C for 12 min; -40 - 125 C at 3 deg.min; 125-185 C at 6 deg/min; 185 - 220 C at 20 deg/min; hold 220 C for 2 min |
Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | Petrocol DH | 621.4 | Censullo, Jones, et al., 2003 | 50. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 35. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 200. C @ 10. min |
Capillary | SPB-1 | 615.96 | LECO Corporation, 2003 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 2. min, 10. K/min, 250. C @ 2. min |
Capillary | SPB-1 | 616.70 | LECO Corporation, 2003 | 30. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 2. min, 10. K/min, 250. C @ 2. min |
Capillary | DB-5 | 618.2 | Xu, van Stee, et al., 2003 | 30. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He, 2.5 K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 200. C |
Capillary | OV-101 | 620.5 | Yin, Liu, et al., 2001 | N2, 1. K/min; Column length: 80. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 130. C |
Capillary | Petrocol DH | 618.59 | Subramaniam, Bochniak, et al., 1994 | 100. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 220. C |
Capillary | Petrocol DH | 618.60 | Subramaniam, Bochniak, et al., 1994 | 100. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 220. C |
Capillary | Petrocol DH | 619. | White, Hackett, et al., 1992 | 100. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 220. C |
Capillary | OV-101 | 618. | Hayes and Pitzer, 1981 | 108. m/0.25 mm/0.2 μm, 1. K/min; Tstart: 35. C; Tend: 200. C |
Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | OV-101 | 620. | Wu and Lu, 1984 | Program: not specified |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, isothermal
Column type | Active phase | Temperature (C) | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | OV-101 | 40. | 624. | Li and Deng, 1998 | N2; Column length: 51. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm |
Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 50. | 626. | N/A | N2; Column length: 74.6 m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm |
Capillary | OV-101 | 50. | 624. | Wu and Lu, 1984, 2 | |
Capillary | OV-101 | 70. | 626. | Wu and Lu, 1984, 2 | |
Capillary | Squalane | 100. | 629. | Dimov N., 1976 | |
Capillary | Squalane | 70. | 627. | Dimov N., 1976 | |
Capillary | Squalane | 60. | 626. | Lehmkuhl, Olbrysch, et al., 1975 | Nitrogen; Column length: 100. m |
Capillary | Squalane | 86. | 619. | Vigdergauz and Martynov, 1971 | He; Column length: 150. m; Column diameter: 0.35 mm |
Capillary | Apiezon L | 40. to 190. | 625. | Mann, Mühlstädt, et al., 1967 | Column length: 2. m |
Packed | Methyl Silicone | 50. | 622. | Huguet, 1961 | Nitrogen, Celite C-22; Column length: 2.5 m |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | Polydimethyl siloxane: CP-Sil 5 CB | 623. | Bramston-Cook, 2013 | 60. m/0.25 mm/1.0 μm, Helium, 45. C @ 1.45 min, 3.6 K/min, 210. C @ 2.72 min |
Capillary | Polydimethyl siloxane: CP-Sil 5 CB | 628. | Bramston-Cook, 2013 | 60. m/0.25 mm/1.0 μm, Helium, 45. C @ 1.45 min, 3.6 K/min, 210. C @ 2.72 min |
Capillary | Petrocol DH | 619. | Supelco, 2012 | 100. m/0.25 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 20. C @ 15. min, 15. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min |
Capillary | OV-101 | 626. | Orav, Kailas, et al., 1999 | 50. m/0.20 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 30. C @ 6. min, 1. K/min; Tend: 100. C |
Capillary | DB-1 | 669. | Ciccioli, Cecinato, et al., 1992 | 60. m/0.32 mm/1.2 μm, He, 30. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 240. C |
Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program
Column type | Active phase | I | Reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|
Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 628. | Chen and Feng, 2007 | Program: not specified |
Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 659. | Feng and Mu, 2007 | Program: not specified |
Capillary | OV-101 | 627. | Du and Liang, 2003 | Program: not specified |
Capillary | Polydimethyl siloxane | 626. | Junkes, Castanho, et al., 2003 | Program: not specified |
Capillary | Polydimethyl siloxanes | 620. | Yin, Guo, et al., 2001 | Program: not specified |
Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 627. | Zenkevich and Marinichev, 2001 | Program: not specified |
Capillary | DB-1 | 626. | Zhu and Wang, 2001 | Program: not specified |
Capillary | Methyl Silicone | 623. | Spieksma, 1999 | Program: not specified |
Capillary | OV-101 | 621. | Skrbic and Cvejanov, 1993 | Program: not specified |
Capillary | Squalane | 622. | Petrov, 1984 | Program: not specified |
Capillary | OV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc. | 626. | Waggott and Davies, 1984 | Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified |
Packed | SE-30 | 635. | Robinson and Odell, 1971 | N2, Chromosorb W; Column length: 6.1 m; Program: 50C910min) => 20C/min => 90(6min) => 10C/min => 150C(hold) |
Packed | Squalane | 659. | Robinson and Odell, 1971 | N2, Embacel; Column length: 3.0 m; Program: 25C(5min) => 2C/min => 35 => 4C/min => 95C(hold) |
Packed | Squalane | 633. | Robinson and Odell, 1971, 2 | Embacel; Column length: 3.0 m; Program: 25C(5min) => 2C/min(5min) => 4C/min(15min) => (hold at 95C) |
References
Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
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Heats of combustion and formation of the nine isomeric heptanes in the liquid state,
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Vapor pressures and boiling points of some paraffin, alkylcyclopentane, alkylcyclohexane, and alkylbenzene hydrocarbons,
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Vapor Pressures and Boiling Points of Some Paraffin, Alkylcyclopentane, Alkylcyclohexane, and Alkylbenzene Hydrocarbons,
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Heats of isomerization of the nine heptanes,
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Semi-empirical topological method for the prediction of the chromatographic retention of cis- and trans-alkene isomers and alkanes,
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Skrbic, 1997
Skrbic, B.D.,
Unified retention concept -- statistical treatment of Kováts retention index,
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Unified equation between Kováts indices on different stationary phases for select types of compounds,
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Estel, D.; Mohnke; Biermans; Rotzsche,
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Reddy, Dutoit, et al., 1992
Reddy, K.S.; Dutoit, J.-Cl.; Kovats, E. sz.,
Pair-wise interactions by gas chromatography. I. Interaction free enthalpies of solutes with non-associated primary alcohol groups,
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Zhang, Li, et al., 1992
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Compositional studies of high-temperature coal tar by GC/FTIR analysis of light oil fractions,
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. [all data]
Dutoit, 1991
Dutoit, J.,
Gas chromatographic retention behaviour of some solutes on structurally similar polar and non-polar stationary phases,
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Guan, Kiraly, et al., 1989
Guan, Y.; Kiraly, J.; Rijks, J.A.,
Interactive retention index database for compound identification in temperature-programmed capillary gas chromatography,
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Laub and Purnell, 1988
Laub, R.J.; Purnell, J.H.,
Specific retention volumes, retention indices, and family-plot regressions of aliphatic, alicyclic, and aromatic hydrocarbon solutes with OV-101 poly (dimethylsiloxane) stationary phase,
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Lunskii and Paizanskaya, 1988
Lunskii, M.Kh.; Paizanskaya, I.L.,
Identification of hydrocarbons C1-C9 of petrol fractions of oils and condensates in the use of capillary columns with dinonylphthalate,
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Boneva and Dimov, 1986
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Unified retention index of hydrocarbons separated on dimethylsilicone OV-101,
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Specific Retention Volumes and Retention Indices of Selected Hydrocarbon Solutes with OV-101 and SP-2100 Polydimethylsiloxane Solvents,
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Chien, Furio, et al., 1983, 2
Chien, C.-F.; Furio, D.L.; Kopecni, M.M.; Laub, R.J.,
Specific retention volumes and retention indices of selected hydrocarbon solutes with OV-3, OV-7, OV-11, OV-17, OV-22, and OV-25 polymethylphenylsiloxane solvents,
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Lubeck and Sutton, 1983
Lubeck, A.J.; Sutton, DL.,
Kovats retention indices of selected hydrocarbons through C10 on bonded phase fused silica capillaries,
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Anders, Scheller, et al., 1982
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Zur Vorausberechnung von Bruttoretentioszeiten bei temperaturprogramierter Gaschromatographie mit Hilfe isotherm bestimmter Retentionsindices und einer Anpassung an experimentelle Retentionszeiten,
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. [all data]
Johansen and Ettre, 1982
Johansen, N.G.; Ettre, L.S.,
Retention index values of hydrocarbons on open-tubular columns coated with methylsilicone liquid phases,
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. [all data]
Chien, Kopecni, et al., 1981
Chien, C.-F.; Kopecni, M.M.; Laub, R.J.,
Specific Retention Volumes and Retention Indices of Selected Hydrocarbon Solutes with OV-1 and SE-30 Polydimethylsiloxane Solvents,
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Mitra, 1981
Mitra, G.D.,
Conversion of linear retention indices into logarithmic retention indices,
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. [all data]
Nijs and Jacobs, 1981
Nijs, H.H.; Jacobs, P.A.,
On-Line Single Run Analysis of Effluents from a Fischer-Tropsch Reactor,
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. [all data]
Castello and D'Amato, 1979
Castello, G.; D'Amato, G.,
Use of Linear and Branched-Chain Paraffinic Liquid Phases as Non-Polar Reference Materials in Gas Chromatography,
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. [all data]
Dimov and Papazova, 1979
Dimov, N.; Papazova, D.,
Calculation of retention indices of isoparaffins on different phases,
Chromatographia, 1979, 12, 7, 443-447, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02302987
. [all data]
Chretien and Dubois, 1976
Chretien, J.R.; Dubois, J.-E.,
New Perspectives in the Prediction of Kovats Indices,
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. [all data]
Riedo, Fritz, et al., 1976
Riedo, F.; Fritz, D.; Tarján, G.; Kováts, E.Sz.,
A tailor-made C87 hydrocarbon as a possible non-polar standard stationary phase for gas chromatography,
J. Chromatogr., 1976, 126, 63-83, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)84063-2
. [all data]
Rijks, van den Berg, et al., 1974
Rijks, J.A.; van den Berg, J.H.M.; Diependaal, J.P.,
Characterization of hydrocarbons in complex mixtures by two-dimensional precision gas chromatography,
J. Chromatogr., 1974, 91, 603-612, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)97941-5
. [all data]
Rijks and Cramers, 1974
Rijks, J.A.; Cramers, C.A.,
High precision capillary gas chromatography of hydrocarbons,
Chromatographia, 1974, 7, 3, 99-106, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02269819
. [all data]
Castello, Berg, et al., 1973
Castello, G.; Berg, M.; Lunardelli, M.,
Temperature dependence of the retention indices of branched-chain paraffins on non-polar stationary phases. A method for its calculation on the basis of molecular structure,
J. Chromatogr., 1973, 79, 23-31, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)85270-5
. [all data]
Sidorov, Petrova, et al., 1972
Sidorov, R.I.; Petrova, V.I.; Ivanova, M.P.,
Qualitative analysis of wide-boiling fraction C5-C10 with capillary chromatography
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Dimov and Schopov, 1971
Dimov, N.; Schopov, D.,
Empirische korrektion der physikalisch-chemischen retentionsindexe von kohlenwasserstoffen auf squalan,
J. Chromatogr., 1971, 63, 223-228, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)85634-X
. [all data]
Mitra and Saha, 1970
Mitra, G.D.; Saha, N.C.,
Determination of Retention Indices of Saturated Hydrocarbons by Graphical Methods,
J. Chromatogr. Sci., 1970, 8, 2, 95-102, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/8.2.95
. [all data]
Matukuma, 1969
Matukuma, A.,
Retention indices of alkanes through C10 and alkenes through C8 and relation between boiling points and retention data,
Gas Chromatogr., Int. Symp. Anal. Instrum. Div Instrum Soc. Amer., 1969, 7, 55-75. [all data]
Hively and Hinton, 1968
Hively, R.A.; Hinton, R.E.,
Variation of the retention index with temperature on squalane substrates,
J. Gas Chromatogr., 1968, 6, 4, 203-217, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/6.4.203
. [all data]
Tourres, 1967
Tourres, D.A.,
Structural analysis of industrial butene dimers by gas chromatography,
J. Gas Chromatogr., 1967, 5, 1, 35-40, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/5.1.35
. [all data]
Tourres, 1967, 2
Tourres, D.A.,
Structure moléculaire et rétention en chromatographie en phase gazeuse. Influence de la température sur l'indice de rétention d'alcanes isomères,
J. Chromatogr., 1967, 30, 357-377, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)84168-0
. [all data]
Evans, 1966
Evans, M.B.,
Retention indices of solutes on squalane, dinonyl phthalate, and polyethylene glycol 400,
J. Gas Chromatogr., 1966, 4, 1, 1-3, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/4.1.1
. [all data]
Zulaïca and Guiochon, 1966
Zulaïca, J.; Guiochon, G.,
Analyse des hauts polymères par chromatographie en phase gazeuse de leurs produits de pyrolyse. II. Application à quelques hydrocarbures macromoléculaires purs,
Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr., 1966, 4, 1351-1363. [all data]
Hayes and Pitzer, 1982
Hayes, P.C., Jr.; Pitzer, E.W.,
Characterizing petroleum- and shale-derived jet fuel distillates via temperature-programmed Kováts indices,
J. Chromatogr., 1982, 253, 179-198, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)88376-X
. [all data]
Louis, 1971
Louis, R.,
Kovats-index-tafeln zur gaschromatographischen analyse von kohlenwasserstoffgemischen,
Erdoel Kohle Erdgas Petrochem., 1971, 24, 2, 88-94. [all data]
Haagen-Smit Laboratory, 1997
Haagen-Smit Laboratory,
Procedure for the detailed hydrocarbon analysis of gasolines by single column high efficiency (capillary) column gas chromatography, SOP NO. MLD 118, Revision No. 1.1, California Environmental Protection Agency, Air Resources Board, El Monte, California, 1997, 22. [all data]
Hoekman, 1993
Hoekman, S.K.,
Improved gas chromatography procedure for speciated hydrocarbon measurements of vehicle emissions,
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Censullo, Jones, et al., 2003
Censullo, A.C.; Jones, D.R.; Wills, M.T.,
Speciation of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in solventborne aerosol coatings by solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography,
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. [all data]
LECO Corporation, 2003
LECO Corporation,
Determination of hydrocarbon components in petroleum naphthas, 2003, retrieved from http://www.leco.org/customersupport/apps/separationscience/-190.pdf. [all data]
Xu, van Stee, et al., 2003
Xu, X.; van Stee, L.L.P.; Williams, J.; Beens, J.; Adahchour, M.; Vreuls, R.J.J.; Brinkman, U.A.Th.; Lelieveld, J.,
Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) measurements of volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere,
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Notes
Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, Mass spectrum (electron ionization), Gas Chromatography, References
- Symbols used in this document:
Cp,liquid Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid Pc Critical pressure S°liquid Entropy of liquid at standard conditions Tboil Boiling point Tc Critical temperature Tfus Fusion (melting) point Ttriple Triple point temperature Vc Critical volume ΔcH°liquid Enthalpy of combustion of liquid at standard conditions ΔfH°liquid Enthalpy of formation of liquid at standard conditions ΔfusH Enthalpy of fusion ΔfusS Entropy of fusion ΔrH° Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions ΔvapH Enthalpy of vaporization ΔvapH° Enthalpy of vaporization at standard conditions ρc Critical density - Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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