2-Butene, (Z)-

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Gas phase thermochemistry data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
GT - Glushko Thermocenter, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfgas-7.7 ± 1.3kJ/molCmProsen, Maron, et al., 1951ALS
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δcgas-2709.8 ± 1.2kJ/molCmProsen, Maron, et al., 1951Corresponding Δfgas = -7.57 kJ/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections); ALS

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

Cp,gas (J/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
45.0150.Thermodynamics Research Center, 1997p=1 bar. The difference between recommended values and obtained by [ Aston J.D., 1946] is inside the range of uncertainties of these two statistical calculations. The values of S and Cp calculated by [ Scott R.B., 1944] and [ Kilpatrick J.E., 1946] are little lower than recommended ones.; GT
51.23100.
55.45150.
61.73200.
74.89273.15
80.15298.15
80.55300.
102.73400.
123.64500.
141.91600.
157.66700.
171.27800.
183.06900.
193.301000.
202.181100.
209.901200.
216.591300.
222.411400.
227.481500.
237.551750.
244.852000.
250.262250.
254.332500.
257.452750.
259.873000.

Constant pressure heat capacity of gas

Cp,gas (J/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
70.8 ± 1.6250.Scott R.B., 1944Please also see Kistiakowsky G.B., 1940.; GT
71.1 ± 1.6255.
71.7 ± 1.7260.
72.3 ± 1.7265.
72.9 ± 1.7270.
73.9 ± 1.7275.
74.7 ± 1.7280.
75.9 ± 1.8285.
77.2 ± 1.8290.
78.5 ± 1.8295.
81.13 ± 0.16298.58
79.9 ± 1.8300.
88.24 ± 0.18332.85
96.27 ± 0.19371.24

Condensed phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
liquid220.J/mol*KN/AChao, Hall, et al., 1983 
liquid219.91J/mol*KN/AScott, Ferguson, et al., 1944 
liquid212.88J/mol*KN/ATodd and Parks, 1936Extrapolation below 90 K, 48.95 J/mol*K.

Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid

Cp,liquid (J/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
127.298.15Chao, Hall, et al., 1983T = 5 to 367 K.
130.00299.8Schlinger and Sage, 1952T = 80 to 200°F.
126.15298.15Scott, Ferguson, et al., 1944T = 15 to 300 K.
118.87266.6Todd and Parks, 1936T = 93 to 267 K. Value is unsmoothed experimental datum.

Phase change data

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Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tboil276.84 ± 0.08KAVGN/AAverage of 7 values; Individual data points
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tfus133.85KN/AKistiakowsky, Ruhoff, et al., 1935Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.5 K; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Ttriple134.26KN/AChao, Hall, et al., 1983, 2Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.02 K; TRC
Ttriple134.26KN/AScott, Ferguson, et al., 1944Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.02 K; TRC
Ttriple133.8KN/ATodd and Parks, 1936, 2Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.2 K; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Tc435.5 ± 0.1KN/ATsonopoulos and Ambrose, 1996 
Tc435.6KN/AMajer and Svoboda, 1985 
Tc435.55KN/AAmbrose, Cox, et al., 1960Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.3 K; Visual, PRT, IPTS-48; TRC
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Pc42.1 ± 0.5barN/ATsonopoulos and Ambrose, 1996 
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Vc0.2338l/molN/ATsonopoulos and Ambrose, 1996 
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
ρc4.28 ± 0.05mol/lN/ATsonopoulos and Ambrose, 1996 
Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δvap22.7kJ/molN/AMajer and Svoboda, 1985 
Δvap22.1kJ/molN/AReid, 1972AC

Enthalpy of vaporization

ΔvapH (kJ/mol) Temperature (K) Method Reference Comment
23.34276.9N/AMajer and Svoboda, 1985 
24.4275.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 221. to 290. K.; AC
24.0291.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 276. to 325. K.; AC
23.6339.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 324. to 386. K.; AC
23.6398.AStephenson and Malanowski, 1987Based on data from 383. to 431. K.; AC
22.5246.CScott, Ferguson, et al., 1944, 2AC
22.47246.CScott, Ferguson, et al., 1944ALS
24.31276.73VKistiakowsky, Ruhoff, et al., 1935, 2At 355 °K; ALS
25.3252.N/AHopkins, 1921Based on data from 195. to 267. K. See also Boublik, Fried, et al., 1984.; AC

Enthalpy of vaporization

ΔvapH = A exp(-βTr) (1 − Tr)β
    ΔvapH = Enthalpy of vaporization (at saturation pressure) (kJ/mol)
    Tr = reduced temperature (T / Tc)

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Temperature (K) A (kJ/mol) β Tc (K) Reference Comment
246. to 292.36.370.2696435.6Majer and Svoboda, 1985 

Antoine Equation Parameters

log10(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (bar)
    T = temperature (K)

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Temperature (K) A B C Reference Comment
203.06 to 295.913.98744957.06-36.504Scott, Ferguson, et al., 1944Coefficents calculated by NIST from author's data.

Enthalpy of fusion

ΔfusH (kJ/mol) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
7.309134.26Chao, Hall, et al., 1983DH
7.3092134.26Scott, Ferguson, et al., 1944DH
7.31134.3Domalski and Hearing, 1996AC
7.318133.8Todd and Parks, 1936DH

Entropy of fusion

ΔfusS (J/mol*K) Temperature (K) Reference Comment
54.4134.26Chao, Hall, et al., 1983DH
54.44134.26Scott, Ferguson, et al., 1944DH
54.69133.8Todd and Parks, 1936DH

In addition to the Thermodynamics Research Center (TRC) data available from this site, much more physical and chemical property data is available from the following TRC products:


Reaction thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.

Individual Reactions

2-Butene, (Z)- = 2-Butene, (E)-

By formula: C4H8 = C4H8

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-4. ± 2.kJ/molAVGN/AAverage of 7 values; Individual data points

Hydrogen bromide + 2-Butene, (Z)- = Butane, 2-bromo-

By formula: HBr + C4H8 = C4H9Br

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-77.07 ± 0.50kJ/molCmLacher, Billings, et al., 1952gas phase; Reanalyzed by Cox and Pilcher, 1970, Original value = -76.8 ± 6.6 kJ/mol; Heat of Hydrobromination at 373 K

Hydrogen + 2-Butene, (Z)- = Butane

By formula: H2 + C4H8 = C4H10

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-118.5 ± 0.42kJ/molChydKistiakowsky, Ruhoff, et al., 1935, 2gas phase; Reanalyzed by Cox and Pilcher, 1970, Original value = -119.54 ± 0.079 kJ/mol; At 355 °K

1-Butene = 2-Butene, (Z)-

By formula: C4H8 = C4H8

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-10.6 ± 2.1kJ/molEqkHappel, Hnatow, et al., 1971gas phase
Δr-8.16kJ/molCisoLevanova and Andreevskii, 1964gas phase; At 420.3 K

2-Butene, (Z)- + Bromine = Erythro-2,3-dibromobutane

By formula: C4H8 + Br2 = C4H8Br2

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr-126.3 ± 0.84kJ/molCmConn, Kistiakowsky, et al., 1938gas phase; At 355 °K

Butane, 2-chloro- = 2-Butene, (Z)- + Hydrogen chloride

By formula: C4H9Cl = C4H8 + HCl

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δr67.15kJ/molEqkLevanova and Andreevskii, 1964gas phase; At 420 K

Gas Chromatography

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal

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Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
CapillaryBPX-530.426.Aflalaye, Sternberg, et al., 199512. m/0.15 mm/0.25 μm, H2
CapillaryCP Sil 5 CB20.425.Do and Raulin, 199225. m/0.15 mm/2. μm, H2
CapillarySqualane50.417.0Papazova, Milina, et al., 1988Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillaryDB-140.425.Lubeck and Sutton, 198460. m/0.264 mm/0.25 μm, H2
CapillaryHP-PONA40.425.Lubeck and Sutton, 198450. m/0.21 mm/0.5 μm, H2
CapillaryOV-120.418.Nijs and Jacobs, 1981He; Column length: 150. m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm
CapillarySqualane50.416.5Bajus, Veselý, et al., 1979Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane70.416.5Bajus, Veselý, et al., 1979Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane50.416.3Bajus, Veselý, et al., 1979, 2Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane70.416.5Bajus, Veselý, et al., 1979, 2Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane50.416.85Pacáková and Koslík, 197850. m/0.2 mm/0.5 μm, N2
PackedSqualane80.417.Chrétien and Dubois, 1977 
CapillarySqualane50.417.Chretien and Dubois, 1976 
CapillarySqualane100.427.3Lulova, Leont'eva, et al., 1976He; Column length: 120. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane50.417.Rijks and Cramers, 1974N2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane70.417.Rijks and Cramers, 1974N2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane40.411.Matukuma, 1969N2; Column length: 91.4 m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSqualane27.416.Hively and Hinton, 1968He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSqualane49.417.Hively and Hinton, 1968He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSqualane67.417.Hively and Hinton, 1968He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSqualane86.418.Hively and Hinton, 1968He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSE-3070.427.Widmer, 1967Diatoport S; Column length: 7.9 m
PackedSE-3070.427.Widmer, 1967Diatoport S; Column length: 7.9 m

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryPetrocol DH-100428.2Haagen-Smit Laboratory, 1997He; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Program: 5C(10min) => 5C/min => 50C(48min) => 1.5C/min => 195C(91min)

Kovats' RI, polar column, isothermal

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Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
PackedCarbowax 20M130.481.Widmer, 1967Diatoport P; Column length: 7.9 m
PackedCarbowax 20M70.468.Widmer, 1967Diatoport P; Column length: 7.9 m
PackedCarbowax 20M70.468.Widmer, 1967Diatoport P; Column length: 7.9 m

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryUltra-1420.Olson, Sinkevitch, et al., 19924. K/min; Tstart: -40. C; Tend: 230. C
CapillaryPetrocol DH416.44White, Douglas, et al., 1992100. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 220. C
CapillaryPetrocol DH418.18White, Douglas, et al., 1992100. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 220. C

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-5411.Zaikin and Borisov, 2002He; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Program: 30C => 5K/min=120C => 10C/min => 270C

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, isothermal

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Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
CapillaryOV-10140.417.Li and Deng, 1998N2; Column length: 51. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillaryMethyl Silicone50.417.N/AN2; Column length: 74.6 m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm
PackedMethyl Silicone50.431.Huguet, 1961Nitrogen, Celite C-22; Column length: 2.5 m

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

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Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxane: CP-Sil 5 CB422.Bramston-Cook, 201360. m/0.25 mm/1.0 μm, Helium, 45. C @ 1.45 min, 3.6 K/min, 210. C @ 2.72 min
CapillaryPetrocol DH426.Supelco, 2012100. m/0.25 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 20. C @ 15. min, 15. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min
CapillaryPONA416.Zhang, Ding, et al., 200950. m/0.20 mm/0.50 μm, Nitrogen, 35. C @ 15. min, 2. K/min, 200. C @ 10. min
CapillaryOV-101420.Chupalov and Zenkevich, 1996N2, 3. K/min; Column length: 52. m; Column diameter: 0.26 mm; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 220. C
CapillarySE-54416.Guan, Li, et al., 199560. C @ 2. min, 4. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryDB-1416.Ciccioli, Cecinato, et al., 199260. m/0.32 mm/1.2 μm, He, 30. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 240. C

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxane417.Junkes, Castanho, et al., 2003Program: not specified
CapillaryPONA428.Perkin Elmer Instruments, 2002Column length: 100. m; Phase thickness: 0.50 μm; Program: not specified
CapillaryMethyl Silicone421.Spieksma, 1999Program: not specified
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxanes420.Zenkevich, Chupalov, et al., 1996Program: not specified
PackedSE-30427.Robinson and Odell, 1971N2, Chromosorb W; Column length: 6.1 m; Program: 50C910min) => 20C/min => 90(6min) => 10C/min => 150C(hold)
PackedSqualane428.Robinson and Odell, 1971N2, Embacel; Column length: 3.0 m; Program: 25C(5min) => 2C/min => 35 => 4C/min => 95C(hold)

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Gas Chromatography, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Prosen, Maron, et al., 1951
Prosen, E.J.; Maron, F.W.; Rossini, F.D., Heats of combustion, formation, and insomerization of ten C4 hydrocarbons, J. Res. NBS, 1951, 46, 106-112. [all data]

Thermodynamics Research Center, 1997
Thermodynamics Research Center, Selected Values of Properties of Chemical Compounds., Thermodynamics Research Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 1997. [all data]

Aston J.D., 1946
Aston J.D., Thermodynamic properties of gaseous 1,3-butadiene and normal butenes above 25 C. Equilibria in the system 1,3-butadiene, n-butenes, and n-butane, J. Chem. Phys., 1946, 14, 67-79. [all data]

Scott R.B., 1944
Scott R.B., Thermodynamic properties of cis-2-butene from 15 to 1500 K, J. Res. Nat. Bur. Stand., 1944, 33, 1-20. [all data]

Kilpatrick J.E., 1946
Kilpatrick J.E., Heat content, free energy function, entropy, and heat capacity of ethylene, propylene, and the four butenes to 1500 K, J. Res. Nat. Bur. Stand, 1946, 37, 163-171. [all data]

Kistiakowsky G.B., 1940
Kistiakowsky G.B., Gaseous heat capacities. III, J. Chem. Phys., 1940, 8, 618-622. [all data]

Chao, Hall, et al., 1983
Chao, J.; Hall, K.R.; Yao, J.M., Thermodynamic properties of simple alkenes, Thermochim. Acta, 1983, 64(3), 285-303. [all data]

Scott, Ferguson, et al., 1944
Scott, R.B.; Ferguson, W.J.; Brickwedde, F.G., Thermodynamic properties of cis-2-butene from 15° to 1,500 K, J. Res. NBS, 1944, 33, 1-20. [all data]

Todd and Parks, 1936
Todd, S.S.; Parks, G.S., Thermal data on organic compounds. XV. Some heat capacity, entropy and free energy data for the isomeric butenes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1936, 58, 134-137. [all data]

Schlinger and Sage, 1952
Schlinger, W.G.; Sage, B.H., Isobaric heat capacities at bubble point. cis-2-butene, isopropylbenzene, and n-decane, Ind. Eng. Chem., 1952, 44, 2454-2456. [all data]

Kistiakowsky, Ruhoff, et al., 1935
Kistiakowsky, G.B.; Ruhoff, J.R.; Smith, H.A.; Vaughan, W.E., Heats of Organic Reactions II. Hydrogenation of Some Simpler Olefinic Hydrocarbons, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1935, 57, 876-82. [all data]

Chao, Hall, et al., 1983, 2
Chao, J.; Hall, K.R.; Yao, J.M., Thermodynamic Properties of Simple Alkenes, Thermochim. Acta, 1983, 64, 285. [all data]

Todd and Parks, 1936, 2
Todd, S.S.; Parks, G.S., Thermal Data on Organic Compounds XV. Some Heat Capacity, Entropy and Free Energy Data for the Isomeric Butenes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1936, 58, 134. [all data]

Tsonopoulos and Ambrose, 1996
Tsonopoulos, C.; Ambrose, D., Vapor-Liquid Critical Properties of Elements and Compounds. 6. Unsaturated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1996, 41, 645-656. [all data]

Majer and Svoboda, 1985
Majer, V.; Svoboda, V., Enthalpies of Vaporization of Organic Compounds: A Critical Review and Data Compilation, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1985, 300. [all data]

Ambrose, Cox, et al., 1960
Ambrose, D.; Cox, J.D.; Townsend, R., The critical temperatures of forty organic compounds, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1960, 56, 1452. [all data]

Reid, 1972
Reid, Robert C., Handbook on vapor pressure and heats of vaporization of hydrocarbons and related compounds, R. C. Wilhort and B. J. Zwolinski, Texas A Research Foundation. College Station, Texas(1971). 329 pages.$10.00, AIChE J., 1972, 18, 6, 1278-1278, https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180637 . [all data]

Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw, Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2 . [all data]

Scott, Ferguson, et al., 1944, 2
Scott, R.B.; Ferguson, W.J.; Brickwedde, F.G., Thermodynamic properties of cis-2-butene from 15 degrees to 1,500 degrees K, J. RES. NATL. BUR. STAN., 1944, 33, 1, 1-17, https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.033.001 . [all data]

Kistiakowsky, Ruhoff, et al., 1935, 2
Kistiakowsky, G.B.; Ruhoff, J.R.; Smith, H.A.; Vaughan, W.E., Heats of organic reactions. II. Hydrogenation of some simpler olefinic hydrocarbons, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1935, 57, 876-882. [all data]

Hopkins, 1921
Hopkins, O.P., THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY AND TRADE OF ENGLAND., J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 1921, 13, 3, 189-197, https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50135a007 . [all data]

Boublik, Fried, et al., 1984
Boublik, T.; Fried, V.; Hala, E., The Vapour Pressures of Pure Substances: Selected Values of the Temperature Dependence of the Vapour Pressures of Some Pure Substances in the Normal and Low Pressure Region, 2nd ed., Elsevier, New York, 1984, 972. [all data]

Domalski and Hearing, 1996
Domalski, Eugene S.; Hearing, Elizabeth D., Heat Capacities and Entropies of Organic Compounds in the Condensed Phase. Volume III, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1996, 25, 1, 1, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.555985 . [all data]

Lacher, Billings, et al., 1952
Lacher, J.R.; Billings, T.J.; Campion, D.E., Vapor phase heats of hydrobromination of the isomeric butenes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1952, 74, 5291-52. [all data]

Cox and Pilcher, 1970
Cox, J.D.; Pilcher, G., Thermochemistry of Organic and Organometallic Compounds, Academic Press, New York, 1970, 1-636. [all data]

Happel, Hnatow, et al., 1971
Happel, J.; Hnatow, M.A.; Mezaki, R., Isomerization equilibrium constants of n-butenes, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1971, 16, 206-209. [all data]

Levanova and Andreevskii, 1964
Levanova, S.V.; Andreevskii, D.N., The equilibrium of 2-chlorobutane dehydrochlorination, Neftekhimiya, 1964, 4, 329-336. [all data]

Conn, Kistiakowsky, et al., 1938
Conn, J.B.; Kistiakowsky, G.B.; Smith, E.A., Heats of organic reactions. VII. Addition of halogens to olefins, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1938, 60, 2764-2771. [all data]

Aflalaye, Sternberg, et al., 1995
Aflalaye, A.; Sternberg, R.; Raulin, F.; Vidal-Madjar, C., Gas chromatography of Titan's atmosphere. VI. Analysis of low-molecular-mass hydrocarbons and nitriles with BPX5 capillary columns, J. Chromatogr. A, 1995, 708, 2, 283-291, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(95)00410-O . [all data]

Do and Raulin, 1992
Do, L.; Raulin, F., Gas chromatography of Titan's atmosphere. III. Analysis of low-molecular-weight hydrocarbons and nitriles with a CP-Sil-5 CB WCOT capillary column, J. Chromatogr., 1992, 591, 1-2, 297-301, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(92)80247-R . [all data]

Papazova, Milina, et al., 1988
Papazova, D.; Milina, R.; Dimov, N., Comparative evaluation of retention of hydrocarbons present in the C5-petroleum fraction of methylsilicone and squalane phases, Chromatographia, 1988, 25, 3, 177-180, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02316441 . [all data]

Lubeck and Sutton, 1984
Lubeck, A.J.; Sutton, D.L., Kovats Retention Indices of Selected Olefins on Bonded Phase Fused Silica Capillaries, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Comm., 1984, 7, 9, 542-544, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070913 . [all data]

Nijs and Jacobs, 1981
Nijs, H.H.; Jacobs, P.A., On-Line Single Run Analysis of Effluents from a Fischer-Tropsch Reactor, J. Chromatogr. Sci., 1981, 19, 1, 40-45, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/19.1.40 . [all data]

Bajus, Veselý, et al., 1979
Bajus, M.; Veselý, V.; Leclercq, P.A.; Rijks, J.A., Steam cracking of hydrocarbons. 2. Pyrolysis of methylcyclohexane, Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev., 1979, 18, 2, 135-142, https://doi.org/10.1021/i360070a012 . [all data]

Bajus, Veselý, et al., 1979, 2
Bajus, M.; Veselý, V.; Leclercq, P.A.; Rijks, J.A., Steam cracking of hydrocarbons. 1. Pyrolysis of heptane, Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev., 1979, 18, 1, 30-37, https://doi.org/10.1021/i360069a007 . [all data]

Pacáková and Koslík, 1978
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Notes

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