Hexane, 2,4-dimethyl-

Data at NIST subscription sites:

NIST subscription sites provide data under the NIST Standard Reference Data Program, but require an annual fee to access. The purpose of the fee is to recover costs associated with the development of data collections included in such sites. Your institution may already be a subscriber. Follow the links above to find out more about the data in these sites and their terms of usage.


Gas phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, IR Spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein

Quantity Value Units Method Reference Comment
Δfgas-52.44 ± 0.27kcal/molCcbProsen and Rossini, 1945 

IR Spectrum

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, Gas Chromatography, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Gas Phase Spectrum

Notice: This spectrum may be better viewed with a Javascript and HTML 5 enabled browser.

IR spectrum
For Zoom
1.) Enter the desired X axis range (e.g., 100, 200)
2.) Check here for automatic Y scaling
3.) Press here to zoom

Notice: Concentration information is not available for this spectrum and, therefore, molar absorptivity values cannot be derived.

Additional Data

View image of digitized spectrum (can be printed in landscape orientation).

View spectrum image in SVG format.

Download spectrum in JCAMP-DX format.

Owner NIST Standard Reference Data Program
Collection (C) 2018 copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce
on behalf of the United States of America. All rights reserved.
Origin Sadtler Research Labs Under US-EPA Contract
State gas

This IR spectrum is from the NIST/EPA Gas-Phase Infrared Database .


Gas Chromatography

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spectrometry Data Center, William E. Wallace, director

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
CapillaryOV-10140.732.2Chen, Liang, et al., 2001He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillaryOV-10160.733.3Chen, Liang, et al., 2001He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedC78, Branched paraffin130.733.5Dallos, Sisak, et al., 2000He; Column length: 3.3 m
CapillaryOV-1010.731.Skrbic, 1997 
CapillaryOV-1010.732.Skrbic, 1997 
PackedSqualane78.5735.1Zhang and Lu, 1996 
CapillarySqualane25.731.Hilal, Carreira, et al., 1994 
CapillaryDB-160.734.9Krupcik, Skacani, et al., 1994H2; Phase thickness: 0.25 μm
CapillaryPONA60.734.8Krupcik, Skacani, et al., 1994H2; Phase thickness: 0.5 μm
CapillaryPONA60.734.9Krupcik, Skacani, et al., 1994H2; Phase thickness: 0.5 μm
CapillaryDB-160.734.9Krupcik, Skacani, et al., 1994H2; Phase thickness: 1. μm
CapillaryOV-10160.734.8Krupcik, Skacani, et al., 1994H2; Phase thickness: 0.2 μm
PackedC78, Branched paraffin130.732.9Reddy, Dutoit, et al., 1992Chromosorb G HP; Column length: 3.3 m
CapillaryBP-10.732.Skrbic and Cvejanov, 199215. m/0.53 mm/1.0 μm, N2
PackedApolane130.733.Dutoit, 1991Column length: 3.7 m
CapillaryOV-160.735.Engewald, Maurer, et al., 1989 
CapillarySqualane50.731.9Guan, Kiraly, et al., 198950. m/0.22 mm/0.21 μm, He
CapillarySqualane70.732.9Guan, Kiraly, et al., 198950. m/0.22 mm/0.21 μm, He
CapillaryOV-10140.734.Laub and Purnell, 1988 
CapillaryOV-10160.735.Laub and Purnell, 1988 
CapillaryOV-10180.736.Laub and Purnell, 1988 
CapillarySqualane50.731.3Lunskii and Paizanskaya, 1988He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm
CapillarySqualane70.732.6Lunskii and Paizanskaya, 1988He; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm
CapillaryNonpolar45.732.Stoyanov and Dimov, 1987 
CapillaryNonpolar52.5732.Stoyanov and Dimov, 1987 
CapillaryNonpolar60.733.Stoyanov and Dimov, 1987 
CapillaryOV-10140.733.4Boneva and Dimov, 1986100. m/0.27 mm/0.9 μm
CapillaryOV-10150.734.0Boneva and Dimov, 1986100. m/0.27 mm/0.9 μm
CapillaryOV-10160.734.7Boneva and Dimov, 1986100. m/0.27 mm/0.9 μm
CapillaryOV-10170.735.4Boneva and Dimov, 1986100. m/0.27 mm/0.9 μm
CapillaryOV-10130.733.Chien, Furio, et al., 1983 
CapillaryOV-10140.734.Chien, Furio, et al., 1983 
CapillaryOV-10150.734.Chien, Furio, et al., 1983 
CapillaryOV-10160.735.Chien, Furio, et al., 1983 
CapillaryOV-10170.735.Chien, Furio, et al., 1983 
CapillaryOV-10180.736.Chien, Furio, et al., 1983 
CapillaryDB-160.734.9Lubeck and Sutton, 1983Column length: 60. m; Column diameter: 0.264 mm
CapillaryDB-160.734.9Lubeck and Sutton, 198360. m/0.259 mm/1. μm
CapillaryOV-10150.734.Johansen and Ettre, 1982100. m/0.27 mm/0.20 μm
CapillaryOV-10150.734.Johansen and Ettre, 198255. m/0.27 mm/0.9 μm
CapillarySF-9650.734.Johansen and Ettre, 198291.4 m/0.31 mm/0.20 μm
CapillaryOV-160.725.Nijs and Jacobs, 1981He; Column length: 150. m; Column diameter: 0.50 mm
CapillarySqualane50.732.5Bajus, Veselý, et al., 1979Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane70.733.5Bajus, Veselý, et al., 1979Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedTriacontane80.732.Castello and D'Amato, 1979He, Chromosorb W AW (60-80 mesh); Column length: 3. m
PackedSqualane80.733.Castello and D'Amato, 1979He, Chromosorb W AW (60-80 mesh); Column length: 3. m
PackedSE-3080.736.Dimov and Papazova, 1979Chromosorb W AW DMCS (80-100 mesh); Column length: 4. m
CapillarySqualane60.732.Chretien and Dubois, 1976 
CapillarySqualane100.730.2Lulova, Leont'eva, et al., 1976He; Column length: 120. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedApolane70.729.6Riedo, Fritz, et al., 1976He, Chromosorb; Column length: 2.4 m
CapillarySqualane100.736.Mitra, Mohan, et al., 1974H2; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm
CapillarySqualane50.732.Rijks and Cramers, 1974N2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane70.733.Rijks and Cramers, 1974N2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSF-96100.737.36Castello, Berg, et al., 1973Chromosorb P(DMCS); Column length: 4. m
PackedSF-96110.738.19Castello, Berg, et al., 1973Chromosorb P(DMCS); Column length: 4. m
PackedSF-96120.738.9Castello, Berg, et al., 1973Chromosorb P(DMCS); Column length: 4. m
PackedSF-9680.736.07Castello, Berg, et al., 1973Chromosorb P(DMCS); Column length: 4. m
PackedSF-9690.736.54Castello, Berg, et al., 1973Chromosorb P(DMCS); Column length: 4. m
CapillaryOV-10150.734.Pacáková, Hoch, et al., 197325. m/0.25 mm/1.39 μm, N2
CapillaryOV-10160.735.Pacáková, Hoch, et al., 197325. m/0.25 mm/1.39 μm, N2
CapillaryVacuum Grease Oil (VM-4)35.728.Sidorov, Petrova, et al., 1972 
CapillaryVacuum Grease Oil (VM-4)45.729.Sidorov, Petrova, et al., 1972 
CapillaryVacuum Grease Oil (VM-4)50.729.Sidorov, Petrova, et al., 1972 
CapillaryVacuum Grease Oil (VM-4)58.730.Sidorov, Petrova, et al., 1972 
CapillaryVacuum Grease Oil (VM-4)68.730.Sidorov, Petrova, et al., 1972 
CapillarySqualane70.732.1Dimov and Schopov, 1971Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSE-3080.731.Mitra and Saha, 1970N2
PackedSqualane25.731.Mitra and Saha, 1970N2
PackedSqualane80.734.Mitra and Saha, 1970N2
CapillarySqualane40.731.Matukuma, 1969N2; Column length: 91.4 m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSqualane27.731.Hively and Hinton, 1968He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSqualane49.732.Hively and Hinton, 1968He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSqualane67.733.Hively and Hinton, 1968He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSqualane86.734.Hively and Hinton, 1968He, Chromosorb P; Column length: 15. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSqualane30.731.5Tourres, 1967H2; Column length: 10. m
PackedSqualane50.732.5Tourres, 1967H2; Column length: 10. m
CapillarySqualane30.731.Tourres, 1967, 2H2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane50.732.Tourres, 1967, 2H2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillarySqualane70.733.Tourres, 1967, 2H2; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
PackedSqualane22.731.Evans, 1966Untreated celite; Column length: 1.8 m
PackedSqualane40.732.Evans, 1966Untreated celite; Column length: 1.8 m
PackedSqualane55.733.Evans, 1966Untreated celite; Column length: 1.8 m
PackedSqualane70.734.Evans, 1966Untreated celite; Column length: 1.8 m

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryDB-5736.Ramarathnam, Rubin, et al., 1993He, 30. C @ 2. min, 10. K/min, 280. C @ 3. min; Column length: 30. m; Column diameter: 0.13 mm
CapillarySE-54729.Rembold, Wallner, et al., 198930. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, He, 0. C @ 12. min, 12. K/min; Tend: 250. C
CapillaryOV-101728.Hayes and Pitzer, 1982110. m/0.25 mm/0.20 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 35. C; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryApiezon L726.Louis, 1971N2, 1. K/min; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Tstart: 60. C

Kovats' RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryPetrocol DH-100731.8Haagen-Smit Laboratory, 1997He; Column length: 100. m; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Program: 5C(10min) => 5C/min => 50C(48min) => 1.5C/min => 195C(91min)
CapillaryDB-1736.Hoekman, 199360. m/0.32 mm/1.0 μm, He; Program: -40 C for 12 min; -40 - 125 C at 3 deg.min; 125-185 C at 6 deg/min; 185 - 220 C at 20 deg/min; hold 220 C for 2 min

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryPetrocol DH734.4Censullo, Jones, et al., 200350. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 35. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min, 200. C @ 10. min
CapillarySPB-1729.27LECO Corporation, 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 2. min, 10. K/min, 250. C @ 2. min
CapillarySPB-1728.84LECO Corporation, 200330. m/0.25 mm/0.25 μm, 40. C @ 2. min, 10. K/min, 250. C @ 2. min
CapillaryDB-5729.2Xu, van Stee, et al., 200330. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He, 2.5 K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryOV-101731.7Yin, Liu, et al., 2001N2, 1. K/min; Column length: 80. m; Column diameter: 0.22 mm; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 130. C
CapillaryPetrocol DH729.78Subramaniam, Bochniak, et al., 1994100. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 220. C
CapillaryPetrocol DH729.87Subramaniam, Bochniak, et al., 1994100. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 220. C
CapillaryPetrocol DH731.White, Hackett, et al., 1992100. m/0.25 mm/0.5 μm, He, 1. K/min; Tstart: 30. C; Tend: 220. C
CapillaryOV-101728.Hayes and Pitzer, 1981108. m/0.25 mm/0.2 μm, 1. K/min; Tstart: 35. C; Tend: 200. C

Van Den Dool and Kratz RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryMethyl Silicone738.65Hassoun, Pilling, et al., 199950. m/0.25 mm/1. μm, He; Program: -50C(2min) => 49.9C/min => 35C(10min) => 3C/min => 200C(2min) => 40C/min => 240C(30min)
CapillaryOV-101732.Wu and Lu, 1984Program: not specified

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, isothermal

View large format table.

Column type Active phase Temperature (C) I Reference Comment
CapillaryOV-10140.733.Li and Deng, 1998N2; Column length: 51. m; Column diameter: 0.25 mm
CapillaryMethyl Silicone50.732.N/AN2; Column length: 74.6 m; Column diameter: 0.28 mm
CapillaryOV-10150.734.Wu and Lu, 1984, 2 
CapillaryOV-10170.735.Wu and Lu, 1984, 2 
CapillarySqualane100.734.Dimov N., 1976 
CapillarySqualane70.733.Dimov N., 1976 
CapillarySqualane86.726.Vigdergauz and Martynov, 1971He; Column length: 150. m; Column diameter: 0.35 mm
CapillarySqualane70.733.Schomburg, 1966 

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, temperature ramp

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxane: CP-Sil 5 CB735.Bramston-Cook, 201360. m/0.25 mm/1.0 μm, Helium, 45. C @ 1.45 min, 3.6 K/min, 210. C @ 2.72 min
CapillaryPetrocol DH734.Supelco, 2012100. m/0.25 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 20. C @ 15. min, 15. K/min, 220. C @ 30. min
CapillaryPONA734.Zhang, Ding, et al., 200950. m/0.20 mm/0.50 μm, Nitrogen, 35. C @ 15. min, 2. K/min, 200. C @ 10. min
CapillaryBP-1735.Health Safety Executive, 200050. m/0.22 mm/0.75 μm, He, 5. K/min; Tstart: 50. C; Tend: 200. C
CapillaryOV-101732.Orav, Kailas, et al., 199950. m/0.20 mm/0.50 μm, Helium, 30. C @ 6. min, 1. K/min; Tend: 100. C
CapillaryDB-1735.Ciccioli, Cecinato, et al., 199260. m/0.32 mm/1.2 μm, He, 30. C @ 10. min, 3. K/min; Tend: 240. C

Normal alkane RI, non-polar column, custom temperature program

View large format table.

Column type Active phase I Reference Comment
CapillaryMethyl Silicone734.Chen and Feng, 2007Program: not specified
CapillaryMethyl Silicone732.Feng and Mu, 2007Program: not specified
CapillaryMethyl Silicone736.Blunden, Aneja, et al., 200560. m/0.32 mm/1.0 μm, Helium; Program: -50 0C (2 min) 8 0C/min -> 200 0C (7.75 min) 25 0C -> 225 0C (8 min)
CapillaryOV-101733.Du and Liang, 2003Program: not specified
CapillaryPolydimethyl siloxanes732.Yin, Guo, et al., 2001Program: not specified
CapillaryMethyl Silicone731.Spieksma, 1999Program: not specified
CapillarySE-54733.Zhu and He, 1999Program: not specified
CapillarySE-54734.Zhu and He, 1999Program: not specified
CapillaryMethyl Silicone734.Xu, Chu, et al., 1995Program: not specified
CapillaryDB-1732.Ciccioli, Cecinato, et al., 199460. m/0.32 mm/0.25 μm; Program: not specified
CapillaryOV-101731.Skrbic and Cvejanov, 1993Program: not specified
CapillarySqualane724.Petrov, 1984Program: not specified
CapillaryOV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc.728.Waggott and Davies, 1984Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified
CapillaryOV-1, SE-30, Methyl silicone, SP-2100, OV-101, DB-1, etc.734.Waggott and Davies, 1984Hydrogen; Column length: 50. m; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Program: not specified

References

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, Gas Chromatography, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Prosen and Rossini, 1945
Prosen, E.J.; Rossini, F.D., Heats of combustion and formation of the paraffin hydrocarbons at 25° C, J. Res. NBS, 1945, 263-267. [all data]

Chen, Liang, et al., 2001
Chen, J.P.; Liang, X.M.; Zhang, Q.; Zhang, L.F., Prediction of GC retention values under various column temperature conditions from temperature programmed data, Chromatographia, 2001, 53, 9/10, 539-547, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02491619 . [all data]

Dallos, Sisak, et al., 2000
Dallos, A.; Sisak, A.; Kulcsár, Z.; Kováts, E., Pair-wise interactions by gas chromatography VII. Interaction free enthalpies of solutes with secondary alcohol groups, J. Chromatogr. A, 2000, 904, 2, 211-242, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)00908-0 . [all data]

Skrbic, 1997
Skrbic, B.D., Unified retention concept -- statistical treatment of Kováts retention index, J. Chromatogr. A, 1997, 764, 2, 257-264, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(96)00955-7 . [all data]

Zhang and Lu, 1996
Zhang, X.; Lu, P., Unified equation between Kováts indices on different stationary phases for select types of compounds, J. Chromatogr. A, 1996, 731, 1-2, 187-199, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(95)01213-3 . [all data]

Hilal, Carreira, et al., 1994
Hilal, S.H.; Carreira, L.A.; Karickhoff, S.W.; Melton, C.M., Estimation of Gas-Liquid Chromatographic Retention Times from Molecular Structure, J. Chromatogr. A, 1994, 662, 2, 269-280, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(94)80515-6 . [all data]

Krupcik, Skacani, et al., 1994
Krupcik, J.; Skacani, I.; Benicka, E.; Sandra, P., Dependence of gas chromatographic retention data of hydrocarbons on the film thickness of the polydimethylsiloxane stationary phase, Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun., 1994, 59, 11, 2390-2396, https://doi.org/10.1135/cccc19942390 . [all data]

Reddy, Dutoit, et al., 1992
Reddy, K.S.; Dutoit, J.-Cl.; Kovats, E. sz., Pair-wise interactions by gas chromatography. I. Interaction free enthalpies of solutes with non-associated primary alcohol groups, J. Chromatogr., 1992, 609, 1-2, 229-259, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(92)80167-S . [all data]

Skrbic and Cvejanov, 1992
Skrbic, B.D.; Cvejanov, J.Dj., Unified retention indices of hydrocarbons on BP-1 dimethylsiloxane stationary phase, Chromatographia, 1992, 34, 1/2, 83-84, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02290465 . [all data]

Dutoit, 1991
Dutoit, J., Gas chromatographic retention behaviour of some solutes on structurally similar polar and non-polar stationary phases, J. Chromatogr., 1991, 555, 1-2, 191-204, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)87179-X . [all data]

Engewald, Maurer, et al., 1989
Engewald, W.; Maurer, T.; Schiefke, A., Investigation of isomeric hydrocarbons by gas-solid chromatography on graphitized thermal carbon black, Pure Appl. Chem., 1989, 61, 11, 2001-2004, https://doi.org/10.1351/pac198961112001 . [all data]

Guan, Kiraly, et al., 1989
Guan, Y.; Kiraly, J.; Rijks, J.A., Interactive retention index database for compound identification in temperature-programmed capillary gas chromatography, J. Chromatogr., 1989, 472, 129-143, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)94101-3 . [all data]

Laub and Purnell, 1988
Laub, R.J.; Purnell, J.H., Specific retention volumes, retention indices, and family-plot regressions of aliphatic, alicyclic, and aromatic hydrocarbon solutes with OV-101 poly (dimethylsiloxane) stationary phase, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Comm., 1988, 11, 9, 649-660, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240110908 . [all data]

Lunskii and Paizanskaya, 1988
Lunskii, M.Kh.; Paizanskaya, I.L., Identification of hydrocarbons C1-C9 of petrol fractions of oils and condensates in the use of capillary columns with dinonylphthalate, Zh. Anal. Khim., 1988, 43, 127-135. [all data]

Stoyanov and Dimov, 1987
Stoyanov, E.; Dimov, N., Precalculation of the optimum column temperature for gas chromatographic separation of petroleum fractions, Anal. Chim. Acta., 1987, 201, 207-216, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(00)85338-6 . [all data]

Boneva and Dimov, 1986
Boneva, S.; Dimov, N., Unified retention index of hydrocarbons separated on dimethylsilicone OV-101, Chromatographia, 1986, 21, 12, 697-700, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02313682 . [all data]

Chien, Furio, et al., 1983
Chien, C.-F.; Furio, D.L.; Kopecni, M.M.; Laub, R.J., Specific Retention Volumes and Retention Indices of Selected Hydrocarbon Solutes with OV-101 and SP-2100 Polydimethylsiloxane Solvents, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Comm., 1983, 6, 10, 577-580, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240061013 . [all data]

Lubeck and Sutton, 1983
Lubeck, A.J.; Sutton, DL., Kovats retention indices of selected hydrocarbons through C10 on bonded phase fused silica capillaries, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Comm., 1983, 6, 6, 328-332, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240060612 . [all data]

Johansen and Ettre, 1982
Johansen, N.G.; Ettre, L.S., Retention index values of hydrocarbons on open-tubular columns coated with methylsilicone liquid phases, Chromatographia, 1982, 15, 10, 625-630, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02279488 . [all data]

Nijs and Jacobs, 1981
Nijs, H.H.; Jacobs, P.A., On-Line Single Run Analysis of Effluents from a Fischer-Tropsch Reactor, J. Chromatogr. Sci., 1981, 19, 1, 40-45, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/19.1.40 . [all data]

Bajus, Veselý, et al., 1979
Bajus, M.; Veselý, V.; Leclercq, P.A.; Rijks, J.A., Steam cracking of hydrocarbons. 1. Pyrolysis of heptane, Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev., 1979, 18, 1, 30-37, https://doi.org/10.1021/i360069a007 . [all data]

Castello and D'Amato, 1979
Castello, G.; D'Amato, G., Use of Linear and Branched-Chain Paraffinic Liquid Phases as Non-Polar Reference Materials in Gas Chromatography, J. Chromatogr., 1979, 175, 1, 27-35, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)86400-6 . [all data]

Dimov and Papazova, 1979
Dimov, N.; Papazova, D., Calculation of retention indices of isoparaffins on different phases, Chromatographia, 1979, 12, 7, 443-447, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02302987 . [all data]

Chretien and Dubois, 1976
Chretien, J.R.; Dubois, J.-E., New Perspectives in the Prediction of Kovats Indices, J. Chromatogr., 1976, 126, 171-189, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)84071-1 . [all data]

Lulova, Leont'eva, et al., 1976
Lulova, N.I.; Leont'eva, S.A.; Timofeeva, A.N., Gas-chromatographic method of determination of individual hydrocarbons in catalytic cracking gasolines in Proceedings of All-Union Research Institute on Oil Processes. Vol.18, All-Union Research Institute on Oil Processes, Moscow, 1976, 30-53. [all data]

Riedo, Fritz, et al., 1976
Riedo, F.; Fritz, D.; Tarján, G.; Kováts, E.Sz., A tailor-made C87 hydrocarbon as a possible non-polar standard stationary phase for gas chromatography, J. Chromatogr., 1976, 126, 63-83, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)84063-2 . [all data]

Mitra, Mohan, et al., 1974
Mitra, G.D.; Mohan, G.; Sinha, A., Gas chromatographic analysis of complex hydrocarbon mixtures, J. Chromatogr. A, 1974, 91, 633-648, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)97944-0 . [all data]

Rijks and Cramers, 1974
Rijks, J.A.; Cramers, C.A., High precision capillary gas chromatography of hydrocarbons, Chromatographia, 1974, 7, 3, 99-106, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02269819 . [all data]

Castello, Berg, et al., 1973
Castello, G.; Berg, M.; Lunardelli, M., Temperature dependence of the retention indices of branched-chain paraffins on non-polar stationary phases. A method for its calculation on the basis of molecular structure, J. Chromatogr., 1973, 79, 23-31, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)85270-5 . [all data]

Pacáková, Hoch, et al., 1973
Pacáková, V.; Hoch, K.; Smolková, E., The Effect of Instrumentation on the Precision of Retention Indexes, Chromatographia, 1973, 6, 7, 320-324, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02269334 . [all data]

Sidorov, Petrova, et al., 1972
Sidorov, R.I.; Petrova, V.I.; Ivanova, M.P., Qualitative analysis of wide-boiling fraction C5-C10 with capillary chromatography in Processes in chromatographic columns. Vol.17, 1972, 14-25. [all data]

Dimov and Schopov, 1971
Dimov, N.; Schopov, D., Empirische korrektion der physikalisch-chemischen retentionsindexe von kohlenwasserstoffen auf squalan, J. Chromatogr., 1971, 63, 223-228, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)85634-X . [all data]

Mitra and Saha, 1970
Mitra, G.D.; Saha, N.C., Determination of Retention Indices of Saturated Hydrocarbons by Graphical Methods, J. Chromatogr. Sci., 1970, 8, 2, 95-102, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/8.2.95 . [all data]

Matukuma, 1969
Matukuma, A., Retention indices of alkanes through C10 and alkenes through C8 and relation between boiling points and retention data, Gas Chromatogr., Int. Symp. Anal. Instrum. Div Instrum Soc. Amer., 1969, 7, 55-75. [all data]

Hively and Hinton, 1968
Hively, R.A.; Hinton, R.E., Variation of the retention index with temperature on squalane substrates, J. Gas Chromatogr., 1968, 6, 4, 203-217, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/6.4.203 . [all data]

Tourres, 1967
Tourres, D.A., Structural analysis of industrial butene dimers by gas chromatography, J. Gas Chromatogr., 1967, 5, 1, 35-40, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/5.1.35 . [all data]

Tourres, 1967, 2
Tourres, D.A., Structure moléculaire et rétention en chromatographie en phase gazeuse. Influence de la température sur l'indice de rétention d'alcanes isomères, J. Chromatogr., 1967, 30, 357-377, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)84168-0 . [all data]

Evans, 1966
Evans, M.B., Retention indices of solutes on squalane, dinonyl phthalate, and polyethylene glycol 400, J. Gas Chromatogr., 1966, 4, 1, 1-3, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/4.1.1 . [all data]

Ramarathnam, Rubin, et al., 1993
Ramarathnam, N.; Rubin, L.J.; Diosady, L.L., Studies on meat flavor. 3. A novel method for trapping volatile components from uncured and cured pork, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1993, 41, 6, 933-938, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00030a019 . [all data]

Rembold, Wallner, et al., 1989
Rembold, H.; Wallner, P.; Nitz, S.; Kollmannsberger, H.; Drawert, F., Volatile components of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seed, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1989, 37, 3, 659-662, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00087a018 . [all data]

Hayes and Pitzer, 1982
Hayes, P.C., Jr.; Pitzer, E.W., Characterizing petroleum- and shale-derived jet fuel distillates via temperature-programmed Kováts indices, J. Chromatogr., 1982, 253, 179-198, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)88376-X . [all data]

Louis, 1971
Louis, R., Kovats-index-tafeln zur gaschromatographischen analyse von kohlenwasserstoffgemischen, Erdoel Kohle Erdgas Petrochem., 1971, 24, 2, 88-94. [all data]

Haagen-Smit Laboratory, 1997
Haagen-Smit Laboratory, Procedure for the detailed hydrocarbon analysis of gasolines by single column high efficiency (capillary) column gas chromatography, SOP NO. MLD 118, Revision No. 1.1, California Environmental Protection Agency, Air Resources Board, El Monte, California, 1997, 22. [all data]

Hoekman, 1993
Hoekman, S.K., Improved gas chromatography procedure for speciated hydrocarbon measurements of vehicle emissions, J. Chromatogr., 1993, 639, 2, 239-253, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(93)80260-F . [all data]

Censullo, Jones, et al., 2003
Censullo, A.C.; Jones, D.R.; Wills, M.T., Speciation of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in solventborne aerosol coatings by solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography, J. Coat. Technol., 2003, 75, 936, 47-53, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02697922 . [all data]

LECO Corporation, 2003
LECO Corporation, Determination of hydrocarbon components in petroleum naphthas, 2003, retrieved from http://www.leco.org/customersupport/apps/separationscience/-190.pdf. [all data]

Xu, van Stee, et al., 2003
Xu, X.; van Stee, L.L.P.; Williams, J.; Beens, J.; Adahchour, M.; Vreuls, R.J.J.; Brinkman, U.A.Th.; Lelieveld, J., Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) measurements of volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 2003, 3, 3, 665-682, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-3-665-2003 . [all data]

Yin, Liu, et al., 2001
Yin, C.; Liu, W.; Li, Z.; Pan, Z.; Lin, T.; Zhang, M., Chemometrics to chemical modeling: structural coding in hydrocarbons and retention indices of gas chromatography, J. Sep. Sci., 2001, 24, 3, 213-220, https://doi.org/10.1002/1615-9314(20010301)24:3<213::AID-JSSC213>3.0.CO;2-4 . [all data]

Subramaniam, Bochniak, et al., 1994
Subramaniam, B.; Bochniak, D.; Snavely, K., Fischer-Tropsch synthesis in supercritical reaction media, Lawrence Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering (DOE/PC/92532--T7), United States Department of Energy, Pittsburgh, PA, 1994, 8, retrieved from http://www.NTIS.gov. [all data]

White, Hackett, et al., 1992
White, C.M.; Hackett, J.; Anderson, R.R.; Kail, S.; Spock, P.S., Linear temperature programmed retention indices of gasoline range hydrocarbons and chlorinated hydrocarbons on cross-linked polydimethylsiloxane, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr., 1992, 15, 2, 105-120, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240150211 . [all data]

Hayes and Pitzer, 1981
Hayes, P.C., Jr.; Pitzer, E.W., Kovats indices as a tool in characterizing hydrocarbon fuels in temperature programmed glass capillary gas chromatography. Part 1. Qualitative identification, Inhouse rpt. for Air Force Wright Aeronautical Labs., Air Force Wright Aeronautical Labs., Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio, 1981, 75. [all data]

Hassoun, Pilling, et al., 1999
Hassoun, S.; Pilling, M.J.; Bartle, K.D., A catalogue of urban hydrocarbons for the city of Leeds: atmospheric monitoring of volatile organic compounds by thermal desorption-gas chromatography, J. Environ. Monitor., 1999, 1, 5, 453-458, https://doi.org/10.1039/a904879k . [all data]

Wu and Lu, 1984
Wu, J.; Lu, W., Hydrocarbon analysis by open-tubular column chromatography with programmed temperature for straight run gasoline, Anal. Chem., 1984, 12, 7, 572-578. [all data]

Li and Deng, 1998
Li, H.; Deng, C., Qualitative analysis of light components of gasoline cracking using Kovats retention indices, J. Instrumental Analysis, 1998, 17, 1, 67-69. [all data]

Wu and Lu, 1984, 2
Wu, J.; Lu, W., Kovats indices of C4-C10 hydrocarbons in apolar quartz capillary OV-101, Chin. J. Chromatogr., 1984, 1, 1, 11-17. [all data]

Dimov N., 1976
Dimov N., Quantitative gas chromatographic analysis and determination of solute properties. An exact equation for the calculation of the retention indices of isoalkanes on Squalane, J. Chromatogr., 1976, 119, 109-118, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)86775-8 . [all data]

Vigdergauz and Martynov, 1971
Vigdergauz, M.S.; Martynov, A.A., Some applications of the gas chromatographic linear retention indices, Chromatographia, 1971, 4, 10, 463-467, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02268816 . [all data]

Schomburg, 1966
Schomburg, G., Gaschromatographische Retentionsdaten und Struktur Chemischer Verbindungen. II. Methylverzweigungen und Doppelbindungen in Offenkettigen Kohlenwasserstoffen, J. Chromatogr., 1966, 23, 1-17, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)98652-2 . [all data]

Bramston-Cook, 2013
Bramston-Cook, R., Kovats indices for C2-C13 hydrocarbons and selected oxygenated/halocarbons with 100 % dimethylpolysiloxane columns, 2013, retrieved from http://lotusinstruments.com/monographs/List .... [all data]

Supelco, 2012
Supelco, CatalogNo. 24160-U, Petrocol DH Columns. Catalog No. 24160-U, 2012, retrieved from http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/etc/medialib/docs/Supelco/Datasheet/1/w97949.Par.0001.File.tmp/w97949.pdf. [all data]

Zhang, Ding, et al., 2009
Zhang, X.; Ding, L.; Sun, Z.; Song, L.; Sun, T., Study on quantitative structure-retention relationships for hydrocarbons in FCC gasoline, Chromatographia, 2009, 70, 3/4, 511-518, https://doi.org/10.1365/s10337-009-1174-0 . [all data]

Health Safety Executive, 2000
Health Safety Executive, MDHS 96 Volatile organic compounds in air - Laboratory method using pumed solid sorbent tubes, solvent desorption and gas chromatography in Methods for the Determination of Hazardous Substances (MDHS) guidance, Crown, Colegate, Norwich, 2000, 1-24, retrieved from http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/mdhs/pdfs/mdhs96.pdf. [all data]

Orav, Kailas, et al., 1999
Orav, A.; Kailas, T.; Muurisepp, M.; Kann, J., Composition of the oil from waste tires. 1. Fraction boiling at yp to 160 0C, Proc. Estonian Acad. Sci. Chem., 1999, 48, 1, 30-39. [all data]

Ciccioli, Cecinato, et al., 1992
Ciccioli, P.; Cecinato, A.; Brancaleoni, E.; Frattoni, M.; Liberti, A., Use of carbon adsorption traps combined with high resolution gas chromatography - mass spectrometry for the analysis of polar and non-polar C4-C14 hydrocarbons involved in photochemical smog formation, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr., 1992, 15, 2, 75-84, https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240150205 . [all data]

Chen and Feng, 2007
Chen, Y.; Feng, C., QSPR study on gas chromatography retention index of some organic pollutants, Comput. Appl. Chem. (China), 2007, 24, 10, 1404-1408. [all data]

Feng and Mu, 2007
Feng, H.; Mu, L.-L., Quantitative structure-retention relationships for alkane and its derivatives based on electrotopological state index and molecular shape index, Chem. Ind. Engineering (Chinese), 2007, 24, 2, 161-168. [all data]

Blunden, Aneja, et al., 2005
Blunden, J.; Aneja, V.P.; Lonneman, W.A., Characterization of non-methane volatile organic compounds at swine facilities in eastern North Carolina, Atm. Environ., 2005, 39, 36, 6707-6718, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.03.053 . [all data]

Du and Liang, 2003
Du, Y.; Liang, Y., Data mining for seeking accurate quantitative relationship between molecular structure and GC retention indices of alkanes by projection pursuit, Comput. Biol. Chem., 2003, 27, 3, 339-353, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1476-9271(02)00081-6 . [all data]

Yin, Guo, et al., 2001
Yin, C.; Guo, W.; Lin, T.; Liu, S.; Fu, R.; Pan, Z.; Wang, L., Application of wavelet neural network to the prediction of gas chromatographic retention indices of alkanes, J. Chinese Chem. Soc., 2001, 48, 739-749. [all data]

Spieksma, 1999
Spieksma, W., Determination of vapor liquid equilibrium from the Kovats retention index on dimethylsilicone using the Wilson mixing tool, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr., 1999, 22, 10, 565-588, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1521-4168(19991001)22:10<565::AID-JHRC565>3.0.CO;2-2 . [all data]

Zhu and He, 1999
Zhu, X.; He, L., Derivation of isothermal retention indices from a retention values under multiple-ramp temperature-programmed conditions, J. Instrum. Anal. (Chinese), 1999, 18, 6, 10-12. [all data]

Xu, Chu, et al., 1995
Xu, X.; Chu, S.; Song, N., Application of chromatographic studies of air pollution in China, J. Chromatogr. A, 1995, 710, 1, 21-37, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(95)00173-K . [all data]

Ciccioli, Cecinato, et al., 1994
Ciccioli, P.; Cecinato, A.; Brancaleoni, E.; Brachetti, A.; Frattoni, M.; Sparapani, R., Composition and Distribution of Polar and Non-Polar VOCs in Urban, Rural, Forest and Remote Areas, Eur Commission EUR, 1994, 549-568. [all data]

Skrbic and Cvejanov, 1993
Skrbic, B.D.; Cvejanov, J.Dj., Correlation of unified retention indices for OV-101 and squalane, Chromatographia, 1993, 35, 1/2, 109-110, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02278566 . [all data]

Petrov, 1984
Petrov, A.A., Hydrocarbons of petroleum, Nauka (publishing house), Moscow, 1984, 263. [all data]

Waggott and Davies, 1984
Waggott, A.; Davies, I.W., Identification of organic pollutants using linear temperature programmed retention indices (LTPRIs) - Part II, 1984, retrieved from http://dwi.defra.gov.uk/research/completed-research/reports/dwi0383.pdf. [all data]


Notes

Go To: Top, Gas phase thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, Gas Chromatography, References