Sucrose
- Formula: C12H22O11
- Molecular weight: 342.2965
- IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C12H22O11/c13-1-4-6(16)8(18)9(19)11(21-4)23-12(3-15)10(20)7(17)5(2-14)22-12/h4-11,13-20H,1-3H2/t4-,5?,6-,7?,8+,9-,10?,11-,12?/m0/s1
- IUPAC Standard InChIKey: CZMRCDWAGMRECN-SFOFJGFUSA-N
- CAS Registry Number: 57-50-1
- Chemical structure:
This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript. - Other names: α-D-Glucopyranoside, β-D-fructofuranosyl; β-D-Fructofuranosyl α-D-glucopyranoside; Amerfond; Beet sugar; Cane sugar; Confectioner's sugar; D-Sucrose; Granulated sugar; Microse; Rock candy; Saccharose; Saccharum; Sugar; White sugar; D-(+)-Sucrose; D-(+)-Saccharose; α-D-Glucopyranosyl β-D-fructofuranoside; β-D-Fructofuranoside, α-D-glucopyranosyl; (α-D-Glucosido)-β-D-fructofuranoside; Fructofuranoside, α-D-glucopyranosyl, β-D; Glucopyranoside, β-D-fructofuranosyl, α-D; NCI-C56597; Table sugar; (+)-Sucrose; NSC 406942
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Condensed phase thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, THz IR spectrum, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔfH°solid | -2221.2 | kJ/mol | Ccb | Clarke and Stegeman, 1939 | ALS |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| ΔcH°solid | -5643.4 ± 1.8 | kJ/mol | Ccb | Ponomarev and Migarskaya, 1960 | Reanalyzed by Cox and Pilcher, 1970, Original value = -5645.9 ± 1.8 kJ/mol; Corresponding ΔfHºsolid = -2222.9 kJ/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections); ALS |
| ΔcH°solid | -5644.17 | kJ/mol | Ccb | Clarke and Stegeman, 1939 | Corresponding ΔfHºsolid = -2222.1 kJ/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections); ALS |
| ΔcH°solid | -5637.4 ± 1.7 | kJ/mol | Ccb | Huffman and Ellis, 1935 | Reanalyzed by Cox and Pilcher, 1970, Original value = -5642.21 kJ/mol; Corresponding ΔfHºsolid = -2228.9 kJ/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections); ALS |
| ΔcH°solid | -5664.38 ± 0.69 | kJ/mol | Ccb | Wrede, 1911 | See Fischer and Wrede, 1904; Corresponding ΔfHºsolid = -2201.87 kJ/mol (simple calculation by NIST; no Washburn corrections); ALS |
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
| S°solid,1 bar | 392.40 | J/mol*K | N/A | Putnam and Boerio-Goates, 1993 | DH |
| S°solid,1 bar | 360.2 | J/mol*K | N/A | Parks, Huffman, et al., 1933 | Extrapolation below 90 K, 113.2 J/mol*K.; DH |
Constant pressure heat capacity of solid
| Cp,solid (J/mol*K) | Temperature (K) | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| 424.30 | 298.15 | Putnam and Boerio-Goates, 1993 | T = 10 to 340 K.; DH |
| 430. | 300. | Finegold, Franks, et al., 1989 | T(glass) = 330 K.; DH |
| 425.5 | 298.15 | Anderson, Higbie, et al., 1950 | T = 298 to 363 K.; DH |
| 422.50 | 297.0 | Parks, Huffman, et al., 1933 | T = 94 to 297 K. Value is unsmoothed experimental datum.; DH |
Phase change data
Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Reaction thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, THz IR spectrum, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled as indicated in comments:
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tfus | 462. | K | N/A | Kofler and Sitte, 1950 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 3. K; With "hot stage"; TRC |
| Tfus | 461. | K | N/A | Kofler and Sitte, 1950 | Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 6. K; Under a microscope; TRC |
Enthalpy of fusion
| ΔfusH (kJ/mol) | Temperature (K) | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| 46.2 | 459. | Sopade, Kearsley, et al., 1988 | AC |
Reaction thermochemistry data
Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, IR Spectrum, THz IR spectrum, References, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Data compiled by: Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
Note: Please consider using the reaction search for this species. This page allows searching of all reactions involving this species. A general reaction search form is also available. Future versions of this site may rely on reaction search pages in place of the enumerated reaction displays seen below.
Individual Reactions
+
=
+
By formula: C12H22O11 + H2O = C6H12O6 + C6H12O6
| Quantity | Value | Units | Method | Reference | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ΔrH° | -14.93 ± 0.16 | kJ/mol | Eqk | Goldberg, Tewari, et al., 1989 | liquid phase; solvent: Aqueous |
IR Spectrum
Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, THz IR spectrum, References, Notes
Data compiled by: Coblentz Society, Inc.
Data compiled by: Timothy J. Johnson, Tanya L. Myers, Yin-Fong Su, Russell G. Tonkyn, Molly Rose K. Kelly-Gorham, and Tyler O. Danby
- solid; Bruker Tensor 37 FTIR
0.96450084, 0.96450126 cm-1 resolution
THz IR spectrum
Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, References, Notes
Data compiled by: Edwin J. Heilweil and Matthew B. Campbell
References
Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, THz IR spectrum, Notes
Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.
Clarke and Stegeman, 1939
Clarke, T.H.; Stegeman, G.,
Heats of combustion of some mono- and disaccharides,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1939, 61, 1726-1730. [all data]
Ponomarev and Migarskaya, 1960
Ponomarev, V.V.; Migarskaya, L.B.,
Heats of combustion of some amino-acids,
Russ. J. Phys. Chem. (Engl. Transl.), 1960, 34, 1182-1183. [all data]
Cox and Pilcher, 1970
Cox, J.D.; Pilcher, G.,
Thermochemistry of Organic and Organometallic Compounds, Academic Press, New York, 1970, 1-636. [all data]
Huffman and Ellis, 1935
Huffman, H.M.; Ellis, E.L.,
Thermal Data. II. The heats of combustion of l-cysteine, of l-cystine, β-thiolactic acid and β,β'-dithiodilactic acid,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1935, 57, 41-46. [all data]
Wrede, 1911
Wrede, F.,
Uber die Bestimmung von Berbrennungswarmen mittels der kalorimetrischen Bombe unter Benutzung des Platinwiderstandsthermometers,
Z. Phys. Chem. (Leipzig), 1911, 81-94. [all data]
Fischer and Wrede, 1904
Fischer, E.; Wrede, F.,
Uber die Verbrennungswarme einiger organischer Verbindungen,
Sitzungsber. Dtsch. Akad. Wiss. Berlin Kl. Math. Phys. Tech., 1904, 687-715. [all data]
Putnam and Boerio-Goates, 1993
Putnam, R.L.; Boerio-Goates, J.,
Heat capacity measurements and thermodynamic functions of crystalline sucrose at temepratures from 5 to 342 K. Revised values for _fG°m(sucrose, cr, 298.15 K), _fG°m(sucrose, aq, 298.15 K), S°m(sucrose, aq, 298.15 K); and _rG°m(298.15 K) for the hydrolysis of aqueous sucrose,
J. Chem. Thermodynam., 1993, 25(5), 607-613. [all data]
Parks, Huffman, et al., 1933
Parks, G.S.; Huffman, H.M.; Barmore, M.,
Thermal data on organic compounds. XI. The heat capacities,
entropies and free energies of ten compounds containing oxygen or nitrogen. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1933, 55, 2733-2740. [all data]
Finegold, Franks, et al., 1989
Finegold, L.; Franks, F.; Hatley, R.H.M.,
Glass/rubber transitions and heat capacities of binary sugar blends, J. Chem. Soc.,
Faraday Trans., 1989, 1 85(9), 2945-2951. [all data]
Anderson, Higbie, et al., 1950
Anderson, G.L., Jr.; Higbie, H.; Stegeman, G.,
The heat capacity of sucrose from 25 to 90°C,
J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1950, 72, 3798-3799. [all data]
Kofler and Sitte, 1950
Kofler, L.; Sitte, H.,
Melting Point Determination of Substances with Melt with Decomposition,
Monatsh. Chem., 1950, 81, 619. [all data]
Sopade, Kearsley, et al., 1988
Sopade, P.A.; Kearsley, M.W.; Le Grys, G.A.,
Heat of melting of sucrose,
Int. Sugar J., 1988, 90, 1070, 38. [all data]
Goldberg, Tewari, et al., 1989
Goldberg, R.N.; Tewari, Y.B.; Ahluwalia, J.C.,
Thermodynamics of the hydrolysis of sucrose,
J. Biol. Chem., 1989, 264, 9901-99. [all data]
Notes
Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, IR Spectrum, THz IR spectrum, References
- Symbols used in this document:
Cp,solid Constant pressure heat capacity of solid S°solid,1 bar Entropy of solid at standard conditions (1 bar) Tfus Fusion (melting) point ΔcH°solid Enthalpy of combustion of solid at standard conditions ΔfH°solid Enthalpy of formation of solid at standard conditions ΔfusH Enthalpy of fusion ΔrH° Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions - Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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