n-Hexadecanoic acid

• Formula: C₁₆H₃₂O₂
• Molecular weight: 256.4241
• IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C16H32O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16(17)18/h2-15H2,1H3,(H,17,18) Copy

  
• IUPAC Standard InChIKey: IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copy
• CAS Registry Number: 57-10-3
• Chemical structure:
  This structure is also available as a 2d Mol file or as a computed 3d SD file
  The 3d structure may be viewed using Java or Javascript.
• Other names: Hexadecanoic acid; n-Hexadecoic acid; Palmitic acid; Pentadecanecarboxylic acid; 1-Pentadecanecarboxylic acid; Cetylic acid; Emersol 140; Emersol 143; Hexadecylic acid; Hydrofol; Hystrene 8016; Hystrene 9016; Industrene 4516; Glycon P-45; Prifac 2960; NSC 5030; Palmitinic acid; Kortacid 1695; 60605-23-4; 116860-99-2; 212625-86-0; Hexadecanoic acid (palmitic acid); Hexadecanoic (palmitic) acid; Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid)
• Permanent link for this species. Use this link for bookmarking this species for future reference.
• Information on this page:
  • Condensed phase thermochemistry data
  • Phase change data
  • References
  • Notes
• Other data available:
  • Gas phase thermochemistry data
  • Reaction thermochemistry data
  • IR Spectrum
  • Mass spectrum (electron ionization)
  • Gas Chromatography
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Condensed phase thermochemistry data

Go To: Top, Phase change data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Constant pressure heat capacity of solid

Phase change data

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, References, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Data compiled as indicated in comments:
TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director
BS - Robert L. Brown and Stephen E. Stein
AC - William E. Acree, Jr., James S. Chickos
ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein
DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing

Reduced pressure boiling point

Enthalpy of vaporization

Antoine Equation Parameters

log₁₀(P) = A − (B / (T + C))
    P = vapor pressure (bar)
    T = temperature (K)

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Enthalpy of sublimation

Enthalpy of fusion

Entropy of fusion

Enthalpy of phase transition

Entropy of phase transition

References

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Notes

Data compilation copyright by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the U.S.A. All rights reserved.

Lebedeva, 1964
Lebedeva, N.D., Heats of combustion of monocarboxylic acids, Russ. J. Phys. Chem. (Engl. Transl.), 1964, 38, 1435-1437. [all data]

Cox and Pilcher, 1970
Cox, J.D.; Pilcher, G., Thermochemistry of Organic and Organometallic Compounds, Academic Press, New York, 1970, 1-636. [all data]

Adriaanse, Dekker, et al., 1965
Adriaanse, N.; Dekker, H.; Coops, J., Heats of combustion of normal saturated fatty acids and their methyl esters, Rec. Trav. Chim. Pays/Bas, 1965, 84, 393-407. [all data]

Swain, Silbert, et al., 1964
Swain, H.A., Jr.; Silbert, L.S.; Miller, J.G., The heats of combustion of aliphatic long chain peroxyacids, t-butyl peroxyesters, and related acids and esters, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1964, 86, 2562-2566. [all data]

Wirth, Droege, et al., 1956
Wirth, H.E.; Droege, J.W.; Wood, J.H., Low temperature heat capacity of palmitic acid and methyl palmitate, J. Phys. Chem., 1956, 60, 917-919. [all data]

Ward and Singleton, 1952
Ward, T.L.; Singleton, W.S., Physical properties of fatty acids. II. Some dilatometric and thermal properties of palmitic acid, J. Phys. Chem., 1952, 56, 696-698. [all data]

Parks, Kelley, et al., 1929
Parks, G.S.; Kelley, K.K.; Huffman, H.M., Thermal data on organic compounds. V. A revision of the entropies and free energies of nineteen organic compounds, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1929, 51, 1969-1973. [all data]

Parks and Kelley, 1925
Parks, G.S.; Kelley, K.K., Thermal data on organic compounds. II. The heat capacities of five organic compounds. The entropies and free energies of some homologous series of aliphatic compounds, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1925, 47, 2089-2097. [all data]

Schaake, van Miltenburg, et al., 1982
Schaake, R.C.F.; van Miltenburg, J.C.; De Kruif, C.G., Thermodynamic properties of the normal alkanoic acids. II. Molar heat capacities of seven even-numbered normal alkanoic acids, J. Chem. Thermodynam., 1982, 14, 771-778. [all data]

Pacor, 1967
Pacor, P., Applicability of the DuPont 900 DTA apparatus in quantitative differential thermal analysis, Anal. Chim. Acta, 1967, 37, 200-208. [all data]

Krafft, 1880
Krafft, F., The production of laurinaldehyde c(12)h(24)o, myristinaldehyde c(14)h(28)o, palmitinaldehyde c(16)h(32)o, stearinaldehyde c(18)h(36)o: I investigation of aldehydes, Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges., 1880, 13, 1413-8. [all data]

Schaake, van Miltenburg, et al., 1982, 2
Schaake, R.C.F.; van Miltenburg, J.C.; De Kruif, C.G., Thermodynamic properties of the normal alkanoic acids. II. Molar heat capacities of seven even-numbered normal alkanoic acids., J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1982, 14, 771-8. [all data]

Spizzichino, 1956
Spizzichino, C., Contribution a l'etude des tensions de vapeur et des chaleurs de vaporisation des acides gras, esters methyliques et alcools gras a des pressions inferieures a 1 mm de mercure, J. des Recherches du C.N.R.S., 1956, 34, 1-24. [all data]

D'Souza and Teja, 1987
D'Souza, R.; Teja, A.S., The prediction of the vapor pressures of carboxylic acids, Chem. Eng. Commun., 1987, 61, 13. [all data]

Cappa, Lovejoy, et al., 2008
Cappa, Christopher D.; Lovejoy, Edward R.; Ravishankara, A.R., Evaporation Rates and Vapor Pressures of the Even-Numbered C ₈ -C ₁₈ Monocarboxylic Acids, J. Phys. Chem. A, 2008, 112, 17, 3959-3964, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp710586m . [all data]

Aldrich Chemical Company Inc., 1990
Aldrich Chemical Company Inc., Catalog Handbook of Fine Chemicals, Aldrich Chemical Company, Inc., Milwaukee WI, 1990, 1. [all data]

Stephenson and Malanowski, 1987
Stephenson, Richard M.; Malanowski, Stanislaw, Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, 1987, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3173-2 . [all data]

de Kruif, Schaake, et al., 1982
de Kruif, C.G.; Schaake, R.C.F.; van Miltenburg, J.C.; van der Klauw, K.; Blok, J.G., Thermodynamic properties of the normal alkanoic acids III. Enthalpies of vaporization and vapour pressures of 13 normal alkanoic acids, The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 1982, 14, 8, 791-798, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9614(82)90176-8 . [all data]

Cramer, 1943
Cramer, K.S.N., Chem. Zentr. II, 1943, 2234. [all data]

Stull, 1947
Stull, Daniel R., Vapor Pressure of Pure Substances. Organic and Inorganic Compounds, Ind. Eng. Chem., 1947, 39, 4, 517-540, https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50448a022 . [all data]

Chattopadhyay and Ziemann, 2005
Chattopadhyay, Sulekha; Ziemann, Paul J., Vapor Pressures of Substituted and Unsubstituted Monocarboxylic and Dicarboxylic Acids Measured Using an Improved Thermal Desorption Particle Beam Mass Spectrometry Method, Aerosol Science and Technology, 2005, 39, 11, 1085-1100, https://doi.org/10.1080/02786820500421547 . [all data]

Chattopadhyay, Tobias, et al., 2001
Chattopadhyay, Sulekha; Tobias, Herbert J.; Ziemann, Paul J., A Method for Measuring Vapor Pressures of Low-Volatility Organic Aerosol Compounds Using a Thermal Desorption Particle Beam Mass Spectrometer, Anal. Chem., 2001, 73, 16, 3797-3803, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac010304j . [all data]

Davies and Malpass, 1961
Davies, Mansel; Malpass, V.E., 212. Heats of sublimation of straight-chain monocarboxylic acids, J. Chem. Soc., 1961, 1048, https://doi.org/10.1039/jr9610001048 . [all data]

Cox and Pilcher, 1970, 2
Cox, J.D.; Pilcher, G., Thermochemistry of Organic and Organometallic Compounds, Academic Press Inc., London, 1970, 643. [all data]

Davies and Malpass, 1961, 2
Davies, M.; Malpass, V.E., Heats of sublimation of straight-chain monocarboxylic acids, J. Chem. Soc., 1961, 1048-10. [all data]

Gbabode, Negrier, et al., 2009
Gbabode, Gabin; Negrier, Philippe; Mondieig, Denise; Moreno, Evelyn; Calvet, Teresa; Cuevas-Diarte, Miquel Àngel, Fatty acids polymorphism and solid-state miscibility, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2009, 469, 1-2, 539-551, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2008.02.047 . [all data]

Zeng, Cao, et al., 2009
Zeng, J.L.; Cao, Z.; Yang, D.W.; Xu, F.; Sun, L.X.; Zhang, L.; Zhang, X.F., Phase diagram of palmitic acid-tetradecanol mixtures obtained by DSC experiments, J Therm Anal Calorim, 2009, 95, 2, 501-505, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-008-9274-x . [all data]

Misra, Misra, et al., 2007
Misra, A.K.; Misra, M.; Panpalia, G.M.; Dorle, A.K., Thermoanalytical and Microscopic Investigation of Interaction between Paracetamol and Fatty Acid Crystals, Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A, 2007, 44, 7, 685-690, https://doi.org/10.1080/10601320701351177 . [all data]

Moreno, Cordobilla, et al., 2007
Moreno, Evelyn; Cordobilla, Raquel; Calvet, Teresa; Cuevas-Diarte, M.A.; Gbabode, Gabin; Negrier, Philippe; Mondieig, Denise; Oonk, Harry A.J., Polymorphism of even saturated carboxylic acids from n-decanoic to n-eicosanoic acid, New J. Chem., 2007, 31, 6, 947, https://doi.org/10.1039/b700551b . [all data]

Domalski and Hearing, 1996
Domalski, Eugene S.; Hearing, Elizabeth D., Heat Capacities and Entropies of Organic Compounds in the Condensed Phase. Volume III, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1996, 25, 1, 1, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.555985 . [all data]

Notes

Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, References

• Symbols used in this document:
  

  Cp,solid	Constant pressure heat capacity of solid
  Pc	Critical pressure
  Ptriple	Triple point pressure
  S°solid,1 bar	Entropy of solid at standard conditions (1 bar)
  Tboil	Boiling point
  Tc	Critical temperature
  Tfus	Fusion (melting) point
  Ttriple	Triple point temperature
  ΔHtrs	Enthalpy of phase transition
  ΔStrs	Entropy of phase transition
  ΔcH°liquid	Enthalpy of combustion of liquid at standard conditions
  ΔcH°solid	Enthalpy of combustion of solid at standard conditions
  ΔfH°liquid	Enthalpy of formation of liquid at standard conditions
  ΔfusH	Enthalpy of fusion
  ΔfusS	Entropy of fusion
  ΔsubH	Enthalpy of sublimation
  ΔsubH°	Enthalpy of sublimation at standard conditions
  ΔvapH	Enthalpy of vaporization

• Data from NIST Standard Reference Database 69: NIST Chemistry WebBook
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